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Hemidiadema Rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, Et H. Neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869) (Euechinoidea, Camarodonta, Glyphocyphidae) Du Crétacé Inférieur Du Bassin Parisien (France)

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Hemidiadema Rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, Et H. Neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869) (Euechinoidea, Camarodonta, Glyphocyphidae) Du Crétacé Inférieur Du Bassin Parisien (France) Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology] - Mémoire 2013/01 (CG2013_M01) Révision des espèces Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, et H. neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869) (Euechinoidea, Camarodonta, Glyphocyphidae) du Crétacé inférieur du Bassin parisien (France) 1 Arnaud CLÉMENT Résumé : Les espèces Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, et H. neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869), pe- tits échinides réguliers mal connus et sources de nombreuses confusions – de part leur rareté et l'insuf- fisance de leur description originale par leur auteur respectif –, sont révisées afin de clarifier leurs diffé- rences et leur statut taxonomique. Cette révision s'appuie sur l'examen de six exemplaires d'H. rugo- sum (dont l'holotype, non figuré par son auteur à l'origine) tous provenant du locus typicus et du stra- tum typicum ("Grès ferrugineux" du Clansayésien [Aptien supérieur sensu gallico] de Grandpré, Arden- nes) et sur un unique spécimen d'H. neocomiense provenant du stratum typicum ("Calcaire à Spatan- gues" de l'Hauterivien inférieur (? Zone à Lyticoceras nodosoplicatum)) de Ville-sur-Saulx (Meuse), ré- gion proche du locus typicus (Auxerre, Yonne)). Pour cette dernière espèce, un néotype est désigné en remplacement de l'holotype non retrouvé. Des remarques sur la paléoécologie et les répartitions géo- graphique et stratigraphique de ces deux espèces sont précisées. La révision de ces deux espèces don- ne l'occasion de proposer une diagnose émendée du genre Hemidiadema AGASSIZ, 1846, Glyphocyphi- dae peu connu. Mots-Clefs : Echinoids; Glyphocyphidae; Hemidiadema; Lower Cretaceous; Hauterivian; Aptian; Paris Basin; France. Citation : CLÉMENT A. (2013).- Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, et H. neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869) (Euechinoidea, Camarodonta, Glyphocyphidae) du Crétacé inférieur du Bassin parisien (France).- Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology], Brest, Mémoire 2013/01 (CG2013_M01), p. 1-57. Abstract: Revision of the species Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, and H. neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869) (Euechinoidea, Camarodonta, Glyphocyphidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Basin of Paris (France).- Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, and H. neocomiense (COT- TEAU, 1869) are small and poorly known "regular" echinoid species. They were the source of much con- fusion due to their rarity and the inadequacy of their original descriptions. Both species are revised here to clarify their differences and taxonomic status. This revision is based on six specimens of H. rugosum (including the holotype, not shown by its original author), all from the locus typicus and stra- tum typicum (Clansayesian [Upper Aptian sensu gallico] "Grès ferrugineux" from Grandpré, Ardennes) and on a single specimen of H. neocomiense from the stratum typicum (Lower Hauterivian (? Lyticoce- ras nodosoplicatum Zone) "Calcaire à Spatangues" from Ville-sur-Saulx (Meuse), a locality near to the locus typicus (Auxerre, Yonne)). For this latter species, a neotype is designated to replace the holotype that is lost. Remarks on the paleoecology and stratigraphic and geographic distributions of these two species are given. The revision of these two species provides an opportunity to propose an emended diagnosis of the genus Hemidiadema AGASSIZ, 1846, a poorly known member of the Glyphocyphidae. Key Words: Angles; Hauterivian; Barremian stratotype; Bedoulian; Aptian; Belemnites; Bourguet; stratigraphy. 1. Introduction lacraires". Cette description est établie à partir de l'étude d'un exemplaire unique indiqué com- AGASSIZ (1846, p. 351) n'a donné qu'une me appartenant à la collection Paul DESHAYES. diagnose très succincte du genre Hemidiadema COTTEAU (1862-1867, p. 533) puis LAMBERT qu'il propose ("Ce genre diffère des Diadèmes (1892b, p. 71) rappellent que cet échantillon – par un seul caractère, c'est que les aires ambu- ayant servi à définir le genre et son espèce- lacraires ne sont composées que d'une seule type –, n'appartient pas à la collection DESHAYES rangée de tubercules"). De même son espèce- mais en réalité à la collection RAULIN. Aucune type – Hemidiadema rugosum – n'est que très figuration de ce spécimen n'est donnée par sommairement décrite ("Très petite espèce. Les AGASSIZ, ni désignation explicite de celui-ci en tubercules ambulacraires sont aussi gros et tant que type précisée. Toutefois, la mention même plus gros que les tubercules interambu- "Nov. Genus" inscrite sur le support cartonné 1 5b, rue de Camargue, La Cigalière, 05000 Gap (France) [email protected] Manuscrit en ligne depuis le 21 Janvier 2013 [Éditeur : Bruno GRANIER] 1 Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology] - Mémoire 2013/01 (CG2013_M01) Figure 1 : Support cartonné écrit de la main d'AGASSIZ sur lequel était collé l'holotype d'Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, et authentifiant le statut holotypique de ce spécimen. On y lit : "Hemidiadema rugosa AG. Nov. Genus" après correction de rugosa par rugosum sans doute par LAMBERT ; "Grès verts Grandpré (Ard)." ("Ard" pour Ardennes ; "PD" désignant les initiales de Paul DESHAYES). Figure 2 : Première figuration originale de l'holotype par monotypie d'Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, par COTTEAU en 1864 (Paléontologie Française, pl. 1128, figs. 16-22 ; coll. RAULIN, EM 13095) ; fig. 16 : vue latérale ; fig. 17 : vue apicale ; fig. 18 : vue orale ; fig. 19 : aire ambulacraire ; fig. 20 : aire interambulacraire ; fig. 21 : plaques ambulacraires et interambulacraires ; fig. 22 : disque apical. Figure 3 : Figuration originale d'un autre individu d'Hemidiadema rugosum AGASSIZ, 1846, par LAMBERT (1892b, pl. IV, figs. 5-6 ; coll. PÉRON, MNHN.F R62314) ; fig. 5 : vue apicale ; fig. 6 : plaques ambulacraires et interambula- craires. Figure 4 : Figuration originale de l'holotype par monotypie d'Hemidiadema neocomiense (COTTEAU, 1869) (COTTEAU, 1869, pl. 13, figs. 5-10 ; coll. COTTEAU) ; fig. 5 : vue latérale ; fig. 6 : vue apicale ; fig. 7 : vue orale ; fig. 8 : aire ambulacraire ; fig. 9 : plaques interambulacraires ; fig. 10 : disque apical. 2 Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology] - Mémoire 2013/01 (CG2013_M01) rugosum et H. neocomiense restent des espè- où l'échinide était collé (Fig. 1) prouve bien que ces très mal connues. Les descriptions et figu- cet échantillon est celui étudié par AGASSIZ pour rations historiques lacunaires ont conduit à des définir son genre et son espèce-type. Ce spéci- confusions et des erreurs d'attribution (géné- men, qui doit ainsi être considéré comme un rique et spécifique), en particulier lors de ces holotype par monotypie, est conservé dans les dernières décennies (voir synonymie). collections paléontologiques de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, sous le numéro d'inventaire Le présent travail propose, pour chacune de EM 13095 (collections de l'École nationale supé- ces deux espèces, une ré-étude complète et rieure des Mines de Paris). détaillée à partir des rares spécimens retrouvés provenant de leur stratum typicum respectif : Il faut attendre COTTEAU dans la Paléontolo- "Grès ferrugineux" du Clansayésien (Aptien gie Française (1864, p. 543, Pl. 1128, figs. 16- supérieur sensu gallico, voir MOULLADE et al., 22) pour avoir une description détaillée et une 2011) de Grandpré (Ardennes) pour H. rugo- figuration de cet holotype (Fig. 2), puis ensuite sum et "Calcaire à Spatangues" de l'Hauterivien LAMBERT (1892b, p. 70, Pl. IV, figs. 5-6) pour inférieur (? Zone à Lyticoceras nodosoplicatum) avoir des remarques descriptives complémen- de Ville-sur-Saulx (Meuse) pour H. neocomien- taires et la figuration d'un autre individu (Fig. se. Un néotype est désigné pour l'espèce H. 3). Une diagnose détaillée du genre est donnée neocomiense, en remplacement de l'holotype pour la première fois par POMEL (1883, p. 103), non retrouvé. L'étude détaillée de ces différents reprise et complétée par LAMBERT (1892b, p. 68- spécimens permet également de proposer une 70). Très récemment cet holotype a fait l'objet diagnose émendée du genre Hemidiadema d'une brève étude (VADET & NICOLLEAU, 2010, p. AGASSIZ, 1846. 21-24) publiée au moment même de la soumis- sion du manuscrit du présent article (décembre La présente étude servira ainsi de base par 2010). Le travail présenté par ces auteurs est la suite pour aborder une révision des Hemidia- dépourvu de toute rigueur scientifique et dema du Crétacé de diverses autres localités rédactionnelle et souffre de graves omissions (Sud-Est de la France, Espagne, Maroc et Tuni- (absences d'une description littérale pertinente sie), études en cours de préparation pour cer- rendant compte des caractères diagnosiques de taines d'entre-elles (CLÉMENT, in prep. ; CLÉMENT l'espèce étudiée, de comparaison avec d'autres et al., in prep.). espèces voisines, de conclusion, de références bibliographiques ; synonymie loin d'être ex- 2. Situation géographique et contexte haustive ; omission des études historiques ma- géologique (Fig. 5a-b) jeures concernant ce taxon). Les spécimens des deux espèces étudiées L'espèce Hemidiadema neocomiense (COT- proviennent de la bordure orientale du vaste TEAU, 1869) a été incomplètement décrite et bassin sédimentaire de Paris (Fig. 5b). figurée par son auteur (COTTEAU, 1869, p. 245, Pl. 13, figs. 5-10) (Fig. 4). Dans son étude, Les H. rugosum proviennent du locus typi- COTTEAU ne précise pas explicitement si la cus, la petite ville de Grandpré dans le départe- description qu'il en donne est établie à partir ment des Ardennes. Bien que les "Grès ferrugi- d'un unique exemplaire. Toutefois, il ne donne neux" fussent observés en diverses localités de les mesures et la figuration que
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