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A Guide to the Shallow-Water Echinodermata of the Texas Coast

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CONTRIBUTIONS IN MARINE SCIENCE VOLUME 36 2003 PUBLISHED BY MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN 750 CHANNEL VIEW DRIVE PORT ARANSAS, TEXAS 78373-5015 FOUNDED BY E. J. LUND IN 1945 Heather D. Alexander, Editorial Assistant Tracy A. Villareal, Supervising Editor CONTRIBUTIONS IN MARINE SCIENCE (formerly Publications of the Institute of Marine Science) is printed at annual intervals by The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute. The journal will publish reviews and monographs of basic or regional importance in marine science with emphasis on the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding areas. Both annual personal ($30) and library subscriptions ($80) are welcomed. Inquiries should be sent to T. Villareal, Contributions in Marine Science, Marine Sciences Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, Texas 78373 U.S.A.. (email: [email protected]). Selected back issues prior to 1998 (Vols. 32 and earlier) are available at $10 per volume plus shipping. Potential manuscripts are welcome, but please contact the Editor prior to submission. Cover Image Information: TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................................i INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1 METHODS .......................................................................................................................2 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS...........................................................................................3 Class Asteroidea....................................................................................................3 Classification.............................................................................................3 Key............................................................................................................4 Descriptions ..............................................................................................5 Class Echinoidea...................................................................................................11 Classification.............................................................................................13 Key............................................................................................................14 Descriptions ..............................................................................................17 Class Holothuroidea..............................................................................................42 Classification.............................................................................................43 Key............................................................................................................44 Descriptions ..............................................................................................46 Class Ophiuroidea.................................................................................................63 Classification.............................................................................................64 Key............................................................................................................65 Descriptions ..............................................................................................69 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................99 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................. 100 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................. 130 INDEX TO THE SPECIES............................................................................................ 134 FIGURES....................................................................................................................... 139 i LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Astropecten articulatus................................................................................... 139 Figure 2. Astropecten duplicatus ................................................................................... 140 Figure 3. Luidia alternata alternata .............................................................................. 141 Figure 4. Luidia clathrata.............................................................................................. 142 Figure 5. Ophidiaster guildingii .................................................................................... 143 Figure 6. Arbacia punctulata ......................................................................................... 144 Figure 7. Clypeaster rosaceus........................................................................................ 145 Figure 8. Diadema antillarum........................................................................................ 146 Figure 9. Echinometra lucunter lucunter....................................................................... 147 Figure 10. Ecope michelini ............................................................................................ 148 Figure 11. Eucidaris tribuloides tribuloides.................................................................. 149 Figure 12. Lytechinus variegatus................................................................................... 150 Figure 13. Mellita quinquiesperforata........................................................................... 151 Figure 14. Meoma ventricosa ventricosa....................................................................... 152 Figure 15. Moira atropos............................................................................................... 153 Figure 16. Plagiobrissus grandis................................................................................... 154 Figure 17. Allothyone mexicana..................................................................................... 155 Figure 18. Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarensis............................................................. 156 Figure 19. Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea .................................................................... 157 Figure 20. Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis................................................... 158 Figure 21. Isostichopus badionotus ............................................................................... 159 Figure 22. Paracaudina chilensis obesacauda .............................................................. 160 Figure 23. Pentamera pulcherrima................................................................................ 161 Figure 24. Sclerodactyla briareus.................................................................................. 162 Figure 25. Thyone pseudofusus...................................................................................... 163 Figure 26. Thyonella gemmata....................................................................................... 164 Figure 27. Thyonella pervicax ....................................................................................... 165 Figure 28. Thyonella sabanillaensis .............................................................................. 166 Figure 29. Amphiodia atra............................................................................................. 167 Figure 30. Amphiodia pulchella..................................................................................... 168 Figure 31. Amphipholis gracillima ................................................................................ 169 Figure 32. Hemipholis elongata..................................................................................... 170 Figure 33. Ophiactis savignyi ........................................................................................ 171 Figure 34. Ophiocoma pumila ....................................................................................... 172 Figure 35. Ophiocoma wendtii....................................................................................... 173 Figure 36. Ophioderma appressum................................................................................ 174 Figure 37. Ophioderma brevispinum ............................................................................. 175 Figure 38. Ophioderma rubicundum.............................................................................. 176 Figure 39. Ophioderma squamosissimum...................................................................... 177 Figure 40. Ophiolepis elegans ....................................................................................... 178 Figure 41. Ophiolepis impressa ..................................................................................... 179 ii Figure 42. Ophionereis reticulata.................................................................................. 180 Figure 43. Ophiophragmus moorei................................................................................ 181 Figure 44. Ophiostigma isocanthum.............................................................................. 182 Figure 45. Ophiostigma siva .......................................................................................... 183 Figure 46. Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) angulata ................................................................ 184 Figure 47. Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensonii....................................................
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