Mauer – Grenze – Flucht
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Gerhard Wettig Chruschtschows Berlin-Krise 1958 Bis 1963 II Quellen Und Darstellungen Zur Zeitgeschichte Herausgegeben Vom Institut Für Zeitgeschichte Band 67
I Gerhard Wettig Chruschtschows Berlin-Krise 1958 bis 1963 II Quellen und Darstellungen zur Zeitgeschichte Herausgegeben vom Institut für Zeitgeschichte Band 67 R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 2006 III Gerhard Wettig Chruschtschows Berlin-Krise 1958 bis 1963 Drohpolitik und Mauerbau R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 2006 IV Unterstützt durch die gemeinsame Kommission für die Erforschung der jüngeren Geschichte der deutsch-russischen Beziehungen, gefördert aus Mitteln des Bundesministeriums des Innern. Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. © 2006 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, München Rosenheimer Straße 145, D-81671 München Internet: oldenbourg.de Das Werk einschließlich aller Abbildungen ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzu- lässig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikro- verfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Umschlaggestaltung: Dieter Vollendorf Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier (chlorfrei gebleicht). Gesamtherstellung: R. Oldenbourg Graphische Betriebe Druckerei GmbH, München ISBN-13: 978-3-486-57993-2 ISBN-10: 3-486-57993-2 Inhalt V Inhalt Vorwort....................................................... IX 1. Einleitung. 1 Themenstellung . 2 Quellenlage . 3 2. Vorgeschichte. 7 Latenter Konflikt mit der DDR über deren Souveränitätsbefugnisse . 7 Wachsende Aufgeschlossenheit gegenüber Vorstellungen der DDR . 9 Eingehen auf die innenpolitische Nöte der SED-Führung . 12 Sich anbahnender Kurswechsel . 14 Entschluß zum Vorgehen gegen West-Berlin . 16 Überlegungen und Beratungen im Sommer 1958. 18 Aufforderung zum Abschluß eines Friedensvertrages. 20 Vorbereitungen für die politische Offensive gegen West-Berlin. 22 Steigerung bis zur Ablehnung der Vier-Mächte-Rechte insgesamt . -
Überseehafen Rostock: East Germany’S Window to the World Under Stasi Watch, 1961-1989
Tomasz Blusiewicz Überseehafen Rostock: East Germany’s Window to the World under Stasi Watch, 1961-1989 Draft: Please do not cite Dear colleagues, Thank you for your interest in my dissertation chapter. Please see my dissertation outline to get a sense of how it is going to fit within the larger project, which also includes Poland and the Soviet Union, if you're curious. This is of course early work in progress. I apologize in advance for the chapter's messy character, sloppy editing, typos, errors, provisional footnotes, etc,. Still, I hope I've managed to reanimate my prose to an edible condition. I am looking forward to hearing your thoughts. Tomasz I. Introduction Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, a Stasi Oberst in besonderen Einsatz , a colonel in special capacity, passed away on June 21, 2015. He was 83 years old. Schalck -- as he was usually called by his subordinates -- spent most of the last quarter-century in an insulated Bavarian mountain retreat, his career being all over three weeks after the fall of the Wall. But his death did not pass unnoticed. All major German evening TV news services marked his death, most with a few minutes of extended commentary. The most popular one, Tagesschau , painted a picture of his life in colors appropriately dark for one of the most influential and enigmatic figures of the Honecker regime. True, Mielke or Honecker usually had the last word, yet Schalck's aura of power appears unparalleled precisely because the strings he pulled remained almost always behind the scenes. "One never saw his face at the time. -
Der Gefährliche Weg in Die Freiheit Fluchtversuche Aus Dem Ehemaligen Bezirk Potsdam
Eine Publikation der Brandenburgischen Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Hannelore Strehlow Der gefährliche Weg in die Freiheit Fluchtversuche aus dem ehemaligen Bezirk Potsdam Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Die Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR Außenstelle Potsdam Inhalt Vorwort 6 Kapitel 3 Fluchtversuche mit Todesfolge Quelleneditorische Hinweise 7 Fluchtversuch vom 22.11.1980 42 Kapitel 1 Ortslage Hohen-Neuendorf/Kreis Die Bezirksverwaltung Oranienburg der Staatssicherheit in Potsdam 8 Fluchtversuch vom 12.2.1987 52 Kapitel 2 im Bereich der Grenzübergangsstelle (GÜST) Der 13. August 1961 Rudower Chaussee – Mauerbau – 20 Fluchtversuch vom 7.2.1966 56 bei Staaken Quellenverzeichnis Kapitel 1 und 2 40 Fluchtversuch vom 14.4.1981 60 Bereich Teltow-Sigridshorst Quellenverzeichnis Kapitel 3 66 4 Kapitel 4 Kapitel 5 Gelungene Fluchtversuche Verhinderte Fluchtversuche durch Festnahmen Flucht vom 11.3.1988 68 über die Glienicker Brücke Festnahme vom 4.3.1975 102 an der GÜST/Drewitz Flucht vom 19.9.1985 76 im Grenzbereich der Havel Festnahme vom 27.10.1984 110 in der Nähe der GÜST/Nedlitz Flucht vom 4.1.1989 84 im Raum Klein-Ziethen/Kreis Festnahme vom 8.7.1988 114 Zossen in einer Wohnung im Kreis Kyritz 90 Flucht vom 26.7.73 Festnahme vom 8.6.1975 120 von 9 Personen durch einen Tunnel unter Schusswaffenanwendung im Raum Klein Glienicke an der GÜST/Drewitz Quellenverzeichnis Kapitel 4 101 Quellenverzeichnis Kapitel 5 128 Dokumententeil 129 Die Autorin 190 Impressum 191 5 Vorwort Froh und glücklich können wir heute sein, dass die Mauer, die die Menschen aus dem Osten Deutschlands jahrzehntelang von der westlichen Welt trennte, nicht mehr steht. -
Bericht Der Bundesregierung Zum Stand Der Aufarbeitung Der SED- Diktatur
Bericht der Bundesregierung zum Stand der Aufarbeitung der SED- Diktatur VORWORT VON STAATSMINISTER BERND NEUMANN ..................................................... 11 1. EINLEITUNG ................................................................................................................................ 14 Die Notwendigkeit der Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur .................................................................................. 15 Zuständigkeiten für die Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur ................................................................................. 16 Bundesregierung .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Länder ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 2. GRUNDLAGEN UND ENTWICKLUNG DER AUFARBEITUNG ......................................... 18 Die Friedliche Revolution in der DDR 1989 und die Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands 1990 ........................... 18 Der Umgang mit den Stasi-Akten ................................................................................................................... 21 Rehabilitierung und Entschädigung der Opfer ................................................................................................ 23 Die Aufarbeitung im Deutschen Bundestag – die Enquête-Kommissionen zur SED-Diktatur .......................... 24 Die Gedenkstättenkonzeptionen -
Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan Mcmurry Western Oregon University, [email protected]
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 2018 Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan McMurry Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Legal Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation McMurry, Keegan, "Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials" (2018). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 264. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/264 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Schießbefehl1 and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan J. McMurry History 499: Senior Seminar June 5, 2018 1 On February 5th, 1989, 20-year old Chris Gueffroy and his companion, Christian Gaudin, were running for their lives. Tired of the poor conditions in the German Democratic Republic and hoping to find better in West Germany, they intended to climb the Berlin Wall that separated East and West Berlin using a ladder. A newspaper account states that despite both verbal warnings and warning shots, both young men continued to try and climb the wall until the border guards opened fire directly at them. Mr. Gaudin survived the experience after being shot, however, Mr. -
HAVE GERMAN WILL TRAVEL FAMOUS EVENTS: What Happened
HAVE GERMAN WILL TRAVEL This week in Histor FAMOUS EVENTS: What happened on ... ? Was ist am 13. August 1961 geschehen? Building of the Berlin Wall Runners brave 160km marathon to mark fall of Berlin Wall "You have to accept that you will be moving for 24 hours," says west Berlin runner Nina Blisse, who finished both the 2014 and 2015 editions in under 26 hours and is race treasurer. The Wall's history is entwined in the race's DNA. Registration for the following year's race always opens at 18:57 (1657 GMT) on November 9 - marking the exact moment in 1989 when East Germany lifted its travel ban, triggering the Wall's demise. Each year, one Wall victim is chosen for a special tribute, their face featuring on start numbers and finisher medals, while a ceremony is held at the spot where they died. For the first race in 2011, Chris Gueffroy, the last person shot dead on the Berlin Wall, was honoured. He was killed in February 1989, eight months before the Wall fell, and on Sunday, Gueffroy's mother Karin will present medals at the finishers' ceremony. Political prisoners Last year, the Wall's youngest victim, Joerg Hartmann, a 10-year-old boy shot dead by East German border guards in 1966 while trying to visit his father in the west, was honoured. Having each been asked to carry a gift for him, last year's runners piled cuddly toys at the spot he was killed. "I still get goosebumps thinking about it," admits Ilk. For the organisers and 400 helpers, all volunteers, a sleepless night is par for the course. -
H-Diplo ROUNDTABLE XXII-10
H-Diplo ROUNDTABLE XXII-10 Hope M. Harrison. After the Berlin War: Memory and the Making of the New Germany, 1989 to the Present. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019. ISBN: 9781107049314 (hardback, $34.99). 26 October 2020 | https://hdiplo.org/to/RT22-10 Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse | Production Editor: George Fujii Contents Introduction by Charles Maier, Harvard University ............................................................................................................................. 2 Review by Pertti Ahonen, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland .............................................................................................................. 6 Review by Mark Fenemore, Manchester Metropolitan University ................................................................................................ 8 Review by Mary Fulbrook, University College London .................................................................................................................... 15 Review by William Glenn Gray, Purdue University ............................................................................................................................ 17 Review by Stephan Kieninger, Independent Historian ................................................................................................................... 20 Response by Hope M. Harrison, the George Washington University ......................................................................................... 23 H-Diplo Roundtable XXII-10 -
The Causes of Emigration: Report from a Central Committee Brigade on Security Issues (May 24, 1961)
Volume 8. Occupation and the Emergence of Two States, 1945-1961 The Causes of Emigration: Report from a Central Committee Brigade on Security Issues (May 24, 1961) At the beginning of the 1960s, the exodus from the GDR to West Germany continued unabated. Issued a few months before the erection of the Berlin Wall, this May 1961 report by the Central Committee Brigade on Security Issues placed particular emphasis on the influence of Western contacts. The report did concede, however, that economic difficulties, bureaucratism, and arbitrariness in the granting of travel permits had a negative impact on living conditions in the GDR. Additionally, the report mentioned that Republikflucht was also motivated by a spirit of adventure and personal problems. Goal of the deployment of the brigade: Improving the public educational work of the German People’s Police in the district of Halle in connection with the fight against Republikflucht, especially among skilled workers, young people, doctors, and teachers. [ . ] The brigade worked as an independent working group in the complete brigade [Gesamtbrigade] of the Central Committee, which was under the authority of the Division for State and Legal Issues. [ . ] Causes for, reasons behind, and abetting factors in Republikflucht and recruitment methods The brigade and the German People’s Police in Halle thoroughly examined a series of flights from the republic, from the workplace to the place of residence. The process revealed a great many causes for, reasons behind, and abetting factors in Republikflucht and recruitment methods, which are closely related and work together. All cases showed the most diverse links and contact with relatives, acquaintances, and escapees in West Germany and the influence of trips and visits to the West. -
Mfs-Handbuch —
Anatomie der Staatssicherheit Geschichte, Struktur und Methoden — MfS-Handbuch — Bitte zitieren Sie diese Online-Publikation wie folgt: Monika Tantzscher: Hauptabteilung VI: Grenzkontrollen, Reise- und Touristenverkehr (MfS-Handbuch). Hg. BStU. Berlin 2005. http://www.nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0292-97839421300731 Mehr Informationen zur Nutzung von URNs erhalten Sie unter http://www.persistent-identifier.de/ einem Portal der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Vorbemerkung Mit dem Sturz der SED-Diktatur forderte die Demokratiebewegung in der ehemaligen DDR 1989/90 auch die Öffnung der Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes. Das Stasi- Unterlagen-Gesetz (StUG), am 20. Dezember 1991 mit breiter Mehrheit vom Parlament des vereinten Deutschlands verabschiedet, schaffte dafür die Grundlage. Zu den Aufgaben des Bundesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik gehört die »Aufarbeitung der Tätig- keit des Staatssicherheitsdienstes durch Unterrichtung der Öffentlichkeit über Struktur, Methoden und Wirkungsweise des Staatssicherheitsdienstes« (§ 37 StUG). Dazu trägt dieses Kompendium »Anatomie der Staatssicherheit« bei. Das vorliegende Handbuch lie- fert die grundlegenden Informationen zu Geschichte und Struktur des wichtigsten Macht- instruments der SED. Seit 1993 einer der Schwerpunkte der Tätigkeit der Abteilung Bildung und Forschung, gelangen die abgeschlossenen Partien des MfS-Handbuches ab Herbst 1995 als Teilliefe- rungen zur Veröffentlichung. Damit wird dem aktuellen Bedarf -
DEFA Directors and Their Criticism of the Berlin Wall
«Das ist die Mauer, die quer durchgeht. Dahinter liegt die Stadt und das Glück.» DEFA Directors and their Criticism of the Berlin Wall SEBASTIAN HEIDUSCHKE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY This article examines the strategies used by directors of the East German film monopoly Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA) to voice their disap- proval of the Berlin Wall.1 My aim is to show how it was possible, despite universal censorship in East Germany, to create films that addressed the wall as an inhumane means to imprison the East German people. Although many DEFA films adhered to socialist law and reiterated the official doctrine of the «antifascist protection rampart» on the silver screen, an analysis of three DEFA films will demonstrate how the representation of human crisis was used as a means to criticize the wall.2 The films Das Kleid (Konrad Petzold, 1961), Der geteilte Himmel (Konrad Wolf, 1964), and Die Architekten (Peter Kahane, 1990) address walls in a variety of functions and appearances as rep- resentations, symbols, and metaphors of the barrier between East and West Germany. Interest in DEFA has certainly increased during the last decade, and many scholars have introduced a meaningful variety of topics regarding the history of East Germany’s film company and its films. In addition to book-length works that deal exclusively with the cinema of East Germany, many articles have looked at DEFA’s film genres, provided case studies of single DEFA films, and engaged in sociological or historical analyses of East German so- ciety and its films.3 In order to expand the current discussion of DEFA, this article applies a sociocultural reading to the three DEFA films Das Kleid, Der geteilte Himmel, and Die Architekten with the goal of introducing the new subtopic of roles and functions of the Berlin Wall in East German film to the field of DEFA studies. -
Bstu / 14. Tätigkeitsbericht Des Bundesbeauftragten Für Die
14. Tätigkeitsbericht des Bundesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik für die Jahre 2017 und 2018 www.bstu.de 14. Tätigkeitsbericht des Bundesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik für die Jahre 2017 und 2018 Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite Vorwort des Bundesbeauftragten ................................................................ 7 1 Zusammenfassung ......................................................................... 8 1.1 Archivarbeit .................................................................................... 8 1.2 Verwendung von Stasi-Unterlagen .................................................. 9 1.3 Forschung ........................................................................................ 11 1.4 Unterrichtung der Öffentlichkeit ..................................................... 12 1.5 Zukunft der Stasi-Unterlagen .......................................................... 13 2 Die Behörde des BStU ................................................................... 14 2.1 Organisation .................................................................................... 14 2.2 Beirat ............................................................................................... 14 2.3 Personal ........................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Personalbestand .............................................................................. -
Michael Cramer This Year, We Remember the 30Th Anniversary Of
Brolly. Journal of Social Sciences 2 (3) 2019 EDITORIAL THE BERLIN WALL Michael Cramer Member of the German Green Party in the Berlin City-State Parliament (1989-2004) and in the European Parliament (2004-2019). He is the initiator of the “Berlin Wall Trail”, the “Iron Curtain Trail” and the author of these books. [email protected] This year, we remember the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Wall in Berlin and of the Iron Curtain in Europe. “Where was the Wall?" is a question that many visitors of Berlin still ask today. Many teenagers know about the years before 1989 only from their history books. Today, the former course of the 40-kilometre inner-city border is marked by a double row of cobblestones, with metal plaques at regular intervals on the West Berlin side, bearing the words “Berliner Mauer 1961-1989”. The Wall around West Berlin was 3.60 m high and 160 km long. Its appearance and location changed over the course of time. The barbed-wire fencing was replaced by pre-manufactured Wall segments, which were in some parts reinforced with metal grid fences. Between the “outer border wall” facing West and the “inner border wall” facing East was the brightly lit notorious “death strip” with the “patrol path”, on which GDR border troops guarded the frontier. On the GDR-side, only selected people were allowed to live in the neighbourhoods directly behind the Wall. Their friends and relatives had to be registered before any visits and needed to obtain a special permit. More than 300 guard towers, 30 headquarters, 20 bunkers, floodlight systems, signal and alarm fences, as well as dog running areas and tank traps were installed to prevent people from escaping to West Berlin.