Inside This Edition Volume 13 Number 4 April 2001 Commentary 5 Those who serve in lonely places Blue Line Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Suite 254 Correspondence 6 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Phn: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 Bicycle patrols hit the street 9 e-mail: [email protected] Establishing a bike unit means - Publisher - Morley S. Lymburner real community involvement e-mail: [email protected] One-on-one with the RNC’s top cop 12 - General Manager - Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. e-mail: [email protected] How does shift work affect cops? 14 Canadian professor voices - Editor-In-Chief - Blair McQuillan serious concerns e-mail: [email protected] Vitality 17 - News Editor - Les Linder Healthy cops save money, study says e-mail: [email protected] Technology 18 - Advertising - Intelligent digital tailoring Mary Lymburner On the cover of the April issue we find Rhonda Shuker Ontario Provincial Police Cst. Troy Carlson Bob Murray Co-operating for cost effectiveness 20 (left) and Sgt. Don Denver enjoying spring Agencies unite to develop - Pre-press Production - weather. Del Wall purchasing network Carlson, and the bike patrol unit of the OPP’s Kenora Detachment are profiled by - Contributing Editors - Law enforcement in the north 22 Dave Brown on page 9 of this edition. Communication Skills Terry Barker One officer detachments Richard Deering, a former member of the Police Leadership Robert Lunney OPP, recently left the provincial police to be- Tactical Firearms Dave Brown come the chief of the Royal Newfoundland Technology Tom Rataj Mounties pressured to act alone 24 Constabulary. Deering’s philosophies on po- Case Law Gino Arcaro lice leadership can be found on page 12. Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, Front wheel drive police cruisers 26 In an exclusive interview with Blue Line by Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: Magazine, Professor Ralph Mistlberger talks 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, about shift work and its adverse affects on po- Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. RESPONSE 2001 28 Individual magazines are $3.50 each. Subscriptions are lice officers. This story, filed by Les Linder, is $25.00 per year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Overseas - $50.00 on page 14. Examining police pursuits 36 U.S.) The laws of Canada must be enforced no © 2001 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this Part 1 publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by matter where the location. In this issue, Blair any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system McQuillan profiles three RCMP officers who without permission from the publisher. Internet activity is Law enforcement and the fifth estate 40 are working in one officer detachments. To learn monitored and use or reposting of material on the Internet The thin line between the police and media more about policing the small communities of is restricted. All material submitted for publication becomes the property Nunavut, turn to page 22. of Blue Line Magazine unless other arrangements have been Response 2001, Blue Line Magazine’s An- made with the publisher. The Last Noose 42 The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability Saskatchewan nual Law Enforcement Trade Show and Exhibi- whatsoever for any injuries to persons or property resulting from tion, will be held on April 24 and 25. For a the application or adoption of any of the procedures, tactics or complete list of exhibitors and detailed confer- considerations presented in this magazine. Readers are cautioned External body armour carriers 44 and advised that articles presented herein are edited and supplied ence information, turn to page 28. for your personal awareness and should not be used for further Readers speak out on Blue Line Forum Law enforcement officials have had to deal action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. with police pursuits since the first car rolled Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent Aging ballistic armour integrity 46 off the assembly line. In the first of a two part publication designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills of those involved in the law enforcement profession. It Are we ready to address this series on the topic, Keith A. Gehrand exam- has no direct control from a law enforcement agency and its penetrating issue? ines the definition of a pursuit, attitudes to- opinions and articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law enforcement agency. Blue Line wards them and the liabilities involved. The police and media are both tasked with Magazine is a private venture and as such is not funded Blue Line Reading Library 48 through any level of government agency, union or uncovering the truth and finding the facts. How- association. Printed in Canada by Garson Graphic Services Inc. ever, these two professions often clash on a - Affiliations- Product News 50 number of issues. In the final submission of his International Association of Law Enforcement Planners three part series, John Muldoon attempts to Canadian Advertising Rates & Data International Police Association Blue Line Classified 52 find some common ground between them. To The Police Leadership Forum learn more, turn to page 40. The Canadian Press Newswire List of Advertisers 54 The topic of external body armour carriers Periodical Publishers Exchange versus concealed armour has been the source of ISSN #0847 8538 heated debate on the Blue Line Forum during Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail Back of the Book 55 the past several months. On page 44, we bring Product Sales Agreement No. 176796 The Youth Criminal Justice Act the debate to print and let readers have their say.

April 2001 3 Blue Line Magazine

Those who serve in lonely places by Robert Lunney I can’t claim to be a dyed-in-the-wool Canada deserve our admiration and our heart felt northerner, but I volunteered for northern serv- thanks. Their’s is a hard life, and though death Retired chief Robert Lunney was asked ice with the RCMP and spent a few years at and injury thankfully does not come often, when to share some thoughts about policing in Whitehorse in the Yukon. it does there is sorrow and regret that they were Canada’s more remote areas in response to Later, as a personnel officer working from asked to accept so much risk for such relatively this month’s feature on single officer detach- “A” Division in Ottawa, my responsibilities little reward or recognition. ments. included the eastern arctic detachments as well There are many heroes to be found in the Lunney’s comments were reflections as northern Ontario. I had the opportunity to ranks of police officers across Canada. The of- made after the death of RCMP Cst. Jurgen visit police posts from Frobisher Bay to ficers who serve in the lonely places rank among Seewald. Coppermine, including the detachments on them. Hudson’s Bay. Northern service was the halcyon days of my police career. Whitehorse was a hard drink- ing town and while we experienced more seri- ous crime than you might think for a town of 6,000, we were preoccupied with drunkenness and its effects in the community. It was normal to work the late shift alone with no back up. I still have a vivid recollection of entering a bar to confront a violent drunk much bigger than I swinging a broken chair while the patrons cow- ered in the corner. Although there were firearms in almost every house and vehicle in the territory there was an unwritten rule that the police didn’t carry sidearms and the population didn’t take up arms against us. The north gave me my edu- cation as a police officer. Later, when I had the opportunity to visit detachments on the “other side”, I met more RCMP officers and their wives stationed at isolated one-officer detachments or in two’s or three’s. They made me very proud to be a member of the RCMP. By the time I became involved with mu- nicipal policing the situation on the streets of big city Canada was much different. Police were encountering more guns, drugs and violence than we had ever faced before. Of necessity we got smarter on officer safety, improved our defen- sive weaponry and adopted concealable body armour. I accommodated to patrol systems that offered rapid response of back up units, and encouraged officers to practice defensive tac- tics and restraint in approaching potentially dangerous situations. I like to think that as a result of the changes we adopted, lives were saved. As urban society became more sophisti- cated, the gulf in working conditions between city policing and policing in the remote areas of Canada grew wider. I at one time listened to ur- ban police officers complain about a delay in back up, and contrast that with the lot of the rural detachment officer patrolling alone, polic- ing settlements where substance abuse was a way of life and violence never far from any encounter. Different expectations; different people. I doubt if many of the RCMP, QPF or OPP officers serving in the isolated posts would care to change places with their urban counterparts. There are many factors leading to the choices we make in our work and personal lives. But the men and women serving in the far reaches of

April 2001 5 Blue Line Magazine Is anyone aware of any independent stud- RCMP crime statistics was cleared up several meant to mean street crime or gang crime only. ies, statistics, etc. showing the long term effec- years ago. His claim that the Department of The unfortunate truth is that non-restricted tiveness (or ineffectiveness) of school locker Justice misrepresented these statistics is false. rifles and shotguns are the firearm of choice searches by police dogs? The statistics Mr. Stevens refers to were for the majority of domestic homicides. We I know that many Ontario police services part of a larger report of the Firearms Smug- must recognize that the same firearms prefer- have had long running locker search programs gling Work Group, a group consisting of vari- ence holds for suicide cases. but can’t seem to find any material supporting ous federal and provincial governments and law We must start off with the premise that their effectiveness. Common sense says the dog enforcement agencies brought together to as- society should not be helping criminals obtain should be effective at discouraging the influx of sess the magnitude of the threat to public safety firearms through the absence of controls. Just drugs into schools, however, does this stand up posed by smuggled firearms. about every firearm in the hands of a criminal to statistical or scientific scrutiny? The working group’s report, “The Illegal today came from a legitimate source somewhere In addition to this, I am also looking for any Movement of Firearms in Canada,” was the re- in North America. Safe storage laws go a long other proactive measures other police services sult of consultations with experts in police and way towards preventing theft. are enlisting to help keep drugs out of schools. law enforcement agencies and research data on Registration makes negligence less probable Any help you could provide would be greatly firearms recovered by police in nine Canadian and collusion less appealing. Border controls and appreciated. cities and various detachments of the RCMP. expanding the expertise in the police community Cst.Mike Field The report clearly states the research method in the area of smuggling and trafficking investiga- School Liaison Officer used and the differences between the statistics tions will do much to reduce access to firearms North Cowichan/Duncan RCMP in this report and those produced later by the by criminals further. There is no such thing as an RCMP was due to a different research approach. innocent sale to a criminal. Weapons smuggling Editor’s Note The RCMP publicly agreed that the ap- and trafficking serve only one purpose - to put Blue Line Magazine would also be inter- proach taken by the working group was rea- guns in hands of persons threatening the lives ested in sharing this information with our read- sonable. Both the RCMP and the Canadian Fire- and safety of police officers and other citizens. ers. Our investigations came up with nothing arms Centre are in full agreement on this matter We must do everything possible to keep more than some case law on the issue. and are committed to working together to im- firearms in the legitimate inventory from leak- plement the new firearms legislation. ing into illegal hands. We must limit access to The article purports to deal with registra- firearms in those violent and potential violent I am writing in response to a misleading tion but in fact is a general thrust at all ele- events where tragedy occurs in a moment. With article “The national fixation to register long ments of the legislation. Mr. Stevens also mis- this law we can and will. gun owners” by Robert Stevens in the January leads readers regarding how often long guns David Austin issue of your magazine. are used in crime. Too often in common par- Communications and Public Affairs The issue Mr. Stevens raises regarding lance when it comes to firearms, “crime” is Canadian Firearms Centre

April 2001 6 Blue Line Magazine

Bicycle patrols hit the street Establishing a bike unit means real community involvement by Dave Brown Bicycles were thought to be a relatively quick and silent method “Bike patrol units are not for everyone,” of patrol. Not just cost effective, says Ontario Provincial Police Cst. Troy they give police a chance to inter- Carlson. “Anyone with a reasonable level of act with the citizens. Listening to fitness should be able to do it, but it’s not a job the concerns of the youth even for rookies. sparked the creation of a popular “After all, when things go wrong you don’t skateboard park for the area. have the protection of all that metal to hide First successfully used in behind.” Seattle in 1987, bike patrols are Every community has unique problems. now showing up in both large and Establishing a bicycle patrol unit is one way small communities across North officers can meet some of those needs and in- America. Figures cited by the On- teract directly with citizens on the street. tario Provincial Police show that Bike patrols can supplement the more tra- bike officers have an average of 20 ditional role of investigating crimes after the times more contact with the pub- fact by identifying and preventing problems lic than police officers in patrol cars before they happen. and five times more than officers The story of how one community success- on foot. fully established a bike unit can provide real- While agencies are quickly rec- life lessons for other agencies. ognizing the advantages of bicycle patrols, they are not always able Community Initiative to provide fiscal support. This is ON PATROL: Cst. Troy Carlson stops to talk to youth. For young people in a small town, bore- where the community can really dom can sometimes lead to crime. As the com- step in to help. munity services officer for the Kenora OPP de- Once the OPP approved the formation of a “By asking for cash instead of product do- tachment, Carlson is familiar with this concept. district bike unit in 1996, Carlson hit the streets nations, we were able to select appropriate bikes Even in the heart of a vacation paradise like to solicit funding. for our needs and to locally purchase bikes and northwest Ontario, residents of the Kenora and Simply asking a bike shop to donate moun- accessories,” reports Carlson. Keewatin district experience the usual petty tain bikes to the unit was considered too much The mountain bike manufacturer even got crimes of any other small community. of a burden on one small business, so cash do- involved and passed on a discount to the dealer. With the Kenora Police Service to handle nations were solicited from many local organi- The OPP has responded to these donations the town of Kenora, the Ontario Provincial zations. Once Carlson was able to convince the by ensuring that the bikes are seen at all com- Police patrol the entire surrounding region. community of the cost-effective way to increase munity events and local parades. In addition to Increasing patrols in some of the problem police visibility, it became a local initiative. their use in general patrol duties, they are also areas would have done little to address the is- CrimeStoppers donated $500 toward the used to visit local schools for safety lectures sue, especially when the youth simply vanish formation of the unit and area Kinsmen raised and to patrol the many beaches and trails in the at the sight of a patrol car. Foot patrols were another $1,500. A local bike shop agreed to sup- area. considered but the wide streets and scattered ply two Rocky Mountain bikes at cost and “We had to counter one perception that we settlement of the resort community meant of- contributed free maintenance on them for the were ‘anti-bicycle’ officers,” says Carlson. “We ficers could be seen at a distance. first two years. continued page 10

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 9 Blue Line Magazine are a law enforcement tool and are there to en- important, because too little flex can lead to leg force all the laws of a community, not just ticket injuries over time. Dedicated racing shoes also kids on bikes. We are no more an ‘anti-bicycle’ “We are no more may not provide the necessary traction when unit than a canine officer is there to enforce dog an officer dismounts. Specialized bike shorts bylaws.” an ‘anti-bicycle’ are important as they act as the only contact with the seat for the length of the shift. Bike Selection unit than a Personal health and nutrition topics are in- The selection of appropriate bikes is one of cluded in the Level I course. As Carlson points the first priorities in the formation of any new canine officer is out, “Cycling around all day in a heavy vest unit. A well-made mountain bike will stand up means officers must keep themselves particu- to long term use and ensure that the community there to enforce larly healthy. This means getting enough water gets full value for their money. and staying out of the sun as much as possi- This is one area especially where a product dog bylaws.” ble.” donation may not be an advantage. Top quality Fitting the bike to the rider is another im- mountain bikes are both light and strong and are portant factor in the ability to ride for long hours designed for ease of maintenance. Weight is criti- and the course covers basic maintenance, daily cal, considering that officers are going to propel levers, tire tubes and the ever-important sun- checks and monthly inspections. both the weight of themselves and the bikes screen. The bags also contain necessary police Riding skills are an important topic and new around for eight hours each day. Neither inex- gear such as enforcement acts, ticket books and riders must quickly get used to dealing with pensive mass-market bikes, nor pure competi- a traffic vest. traffic. Most vehicle / bicycle collisions hap- tion machines would last long in this environ- “I select the bike and components care- pen at intersections and these are covered in ment. fully,” says Carlson. “For example, we have depth. Carlson emphasizes strict adherence to Good front shocks contribute to both com- found that some components are not suitable traffic laws at all times when on the bike. fort and control and seat shocks add to the abil- for police use. Aluminum frames are great for The Level II Bicycle Safety and Patrol ity to last a full shift in the saddle. An odometer racing but they do not stand up well to long- Course begins with a review of basic riding skills is important for tracking daily mileage and han- term use.” and then discusses the negotiation of a variety dlebar ends help in climbing the many hills in of obstacles. The course extensively covers the area. The bikes were also equipped with a Training police patrol procedures and uses a variety of full light package for riding at night and reflec- The other necessary component in any suc- exercises and simulations to demonstrate how tive tape was added to comply with highway cessful bike unit is a good rider. to use the bike as an effective tool. traffic regulations. “We need officers with both the desired The Bicycle Safety and Patrol Instructors The type of pedal is often left up to indi- commitment to the unit and the experience to Course begins with a competency ride and then vidual officers. know when not to ride full out and then arrive uses a cone course to test the ability of riders in “I encourage officers to ride with clipless at a situation with nothing left,” Carlson said. both routine and emergency turning and brak- pedals,” says Carlson. “They aid in jumping The OPP has developed a Level I and Level ing manoeuvres. Traffic safety skills are em- over obstacles and curbs and they provide more II Bicycle Safety and Patrol Course, in addition phasized again and students are tested on both power, especially going up hills. Clipless ped- to a Safety and Patrol Instructors Course. They their skills and their ability to teach the skills to als also mark the rider as a ‘serious’ biker.” have based much of their training material on a others. Carlson points out that the perception by manual written by Cst. Bert Rainey of the Van- Course preparation and presentation skills local youth that the officer is a serious rider couver Police Department. are included at the instructor level and students should not be underestimated for its value in The Level I course covers most of the ba- are expected to prepare and deliver several pres- approaching young people on the bike. sics, including personal equipment such as bike entations. Each mountain bike is also equipped with a shoes, gloves, helmets and uniforms. A firearms training component is part of nylon bag containing spare parts, wrenches, tire Good mountain bike shoes are particularly the Instructors Course. Students spend half a day on the range practicing subject contacts, dismounts, shooting while astride the bike, one- hand shooting and proper takedown proce- dures. Officer safety is continually emphasized throughout all three courses. This includes not just the usual practice on one and two-bike ve- hicle stops and defensive tactics, but adds unique traffic accident prevention skills and emergency avoidance manoeuvres.

Out On The Streets Both the Kenora OPP Detachment and the Kenora Police Service have active bike units patrolling the streets of their respective com- munities. Officers install bike racks on the back of their patrol cars and are in radio contact so that they are prepared to respond to emergen- cies near and far. They have found that the youth of the re- gion are more approachable and more willing to talk to officers on the street, especially when they see bike unit officers as fellow bikers and “insiders”. Supporting a local bike unit is one area where communities can make a meaningful contribu- tion toward greater safety and police presence. For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 10 Blue Line Magazine Memorial ceremony Fitting the bike to the rider to be held in May A properly fitted bike is the legs should be almost but The first annual remem- essential to long-term com- not quite straight at the very brance ceremony will be fort and maximum efficiency. bottom of the downstroke. held at the Ontario Po- While it may be disconcert- lice Memorial on May 6. Frame Size ing for beginning riders, the During this year's The frame is sized prop- seat should be high enough ceremony, the Ontario erly if the rider can sit astride that the feet do not touch the Police Memorial Foun- the frame with feet flat on ground when properly dation will add the name the ground and two to three seated. of Ontario Provincial inches clearance from the Police Sgt. Margaret Eve bottom of the crotch to the Handlebar to the list of officers who top of the frame tube. Adjustment Margaret Eve have lost their lives in the The rider should be relatively upright line of duty. Seat Adjustment when riding. Patrol bikes often require an Eve died from massive head injuries in June To adjust the seat, have a partner steady aftermarket handlebar stem with a shorter 2000, after a tractor-trailer struck three police the bike while the rider places the heel flat on stem and a higher rise. cruisers and another vehicle stopped on the side the pedal. With the pedal rotated until it is of Hwy. 401. She is the first female police of- parallel to the seat tube, the seat height is Cadence ficer in Ontario to be killed while on duty. correct if the leg is nearly straight. The seat The correct pedaling motion delivers a In addition to Eve, eight other officers who angle should be parallel to the ground, or po- smooth, continuous flow of energy from the have been identified through ongoing research sitioned with a slight forward tilt for female legs to the pedals. The spin should be as into Ontario's policing history, will have their riders. fluid as possible and the feet should be slightly names added to the memorial. The seat fore-and-aft position is set cor- pigeon-toed inward on the pedals. The Ontario Police Memorial was unveiled rectly if a plumb line from the knee falls to Proper gear selection should ensure that last May. It is located in Toronto and serves the mid-point of the pedal axle when the foot the legs spin the pedals at as close to an ideal as a tribute to the officers who have given is placed correctly on the pedal and the crank 80 revolutions-per-minute as much as pos- their lives in the service of the people of On- is at the three and nine o’clock position. The sible. When building strength in the legs and tario. ball of the foot should be directly over the especially in the knees, it is far better to spin pedal axle for maximum efficiency. at a faster revolution that to try to push too For more information on the memorial cer- When seat height is adjusted correctly, “tall” a gear. emony contact Bill Baines at (519) 344-8861, ext. 6104.

April 2001 11 Blue Line Magazine One-on-one with the RNC’s new top cop by Danette Dooley

Though he brings with him from the On- tario Provincial Police more than three decades of experience, the Royal Newfoundland Con- stabulary’s new top cop is very much aware that he’s an outsider. Over the next few months Richard (Rick) Deering will keep his eyes fo- cused, his ears open, and his mouth shut. It’s all part of the learning process. “I plan to be an interested observer for the next while,” Deering says during an interview at a local hotel, just days before being sworn in as police chief. “I think the worst thing that any new person in an organization could do is come in and make massive changes without hav- ing some good basis for it. So I want to learn as quickly as I can about the issues, the culture and the political climate and then go about do- ing business.” While those who grade the 49-year-old Marmora, Ont., native on his performance dur- ing the next several months may be disap- Photo: Danette Dooley pointed, it’s obvious early into the interview that he’s done his homework. Deering is famil- NEW BEGINNING: Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Chief of Police Richard Deering iar with the issues and challenges he’ll be fac- accepts his Commission of Office from Provincial Justice Minister Kelvin Parsons. ing. “My role as the chief of police is to move those individuals went through in terms of ac- Dealing With Youth roadblocks for my officers and to provide them ceptance within the organization. And in terms “I’m a real supporter of crime prevention with the resources they need to do their jobs,” of how they were treated within the OPP, it and public education especially when dealing says Deering, who as chief superintendent with wasn’t really fair,” he says. with youth,” he explains. the OPP, was responsible for 36 detachments, “My hat’s off to the women who perse- “If the trends in policing are true, then I about 1,200 officers and a couple of hundred vered and stuck it out because they have proven think youth crime and youth issues, if they’re civilian employees. “The relationship I envi- that there is an important place for women in not already an issue in Newfoundland and Lab- sion is that government has to have confidence policing and some have moved to the top.” rador, will be an issue here before too much in their chief of police to run the operational Deering uses his former organization as an time because I’ve seen that trend come across issues. My job is to keep them in touch with example of how far women have come in the Ontario in the last three or four years.” what’s happening and government is there to police field. set the parameters in which a police service or “Gwen Boniface is the commissioner of the The Government’s any other government agency has to live.” Ontario Provincial Police. And she’s a good com- Role In Policing missioner. She’s doing a very good job.” One of the major long-term issues of the Women In Policing Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Association Throughout his career, he’s seen a change Use Of Force is that the chief of police reports to the Minis- of attitude concerning women in policing. When With two police shootings during the last ter of Justice. Therefore, they cannot adequately he joined the OPP in 1970, the force was com- six months, one of the main issues the con- put forward the concerns of the force. pletely male dominated. At the time of his re- stabulary has recently faced is use of force when While Deering sees the government’s re- cent departure, about one quarter of the offic- dealing with serious situations. Because of pend- sponsibilities as setting policy issues within ers who reported to him were female. ing court action, it’s a topic the RNC has not the police force, he believes operational issues “It was around 1974 when we hired our been willing to discuss with the media. How- are the responsibility of the police chief. first women and I saw the growing pains that ever, talking in general terms, Deering has some strong opinions on specialized training for of- ficers dealing with such explosive situations. “I’ve been involved in shootings where mental health was an issue and I sat on a com- mittee that looked at community mental health issues and policing. It’s an issue that’s relevant across Canada. Unfortunately, many times when lethal violence is involved, one of the con- tributing factors is a mental health issue.” In continuing to talk about use of force, he notes that the role of a police officer is a multi- faceted one, in which officers are required to wear many hats. “You’re a police professional and you’re a quasi-lawyer, a quasi-social worker, a quasi- psychologist, a quasi-mental health worker and, 905-713-1690 in a number of those areas we have very little formal training,” he says. For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 12 Blue Line Magazine “So I think it’s important to address com- the process, and I didn’t think for a million munity mental health from that perspective - years that I would ever get this job.” that perhaps we need to be better educated and Now that he has secured the top spot in we need to work more closely as professional one of North America’s oldest police forces, partners - i.e. the Mental Health Association, he’ll be under a microscope for the next few the psychiatric hospital and all those types of months, especially by RNC officers who are things.” taking the “wait and see” approach before pass- Becoming chief of police is a dream many ing comment on their new chief. career-minded officers have at some point in Deering vows to be honest and forthright their lives. Deering is one of the few that has when dealing with his officers. While he’ll rec- turned his dream into reality. It’s not something ognize a job well done, he’ll also discipline poor he takes for granted. work performance - once he’s had time to ad- “If someone had come to me six months just to his new surroundings that is. ago and told me this is where I’d be today, I “It’s not my expectation that the New- would have laughed at them,” he smiles warmly. foundland constabulary is going to adapt to Rick “But, I was really humbled when I got this job. Deering. It’s absolutely the direct opposite. Rick I knew that it was a nation-wide search, I knew Deering has to adapt to the Newfoundland con- the calibre of some of the people who were in stabulary.” The Great Mac Attack! by Tony MacKinnon Apparently some blond girl broke into their home...

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 13 Blue Line Magazine How does shift work affect cops? Canadian professor voices serious concerns by Les Linder

All shift workers including police officers should be better educated on how to deal with shift work and new methods are needed to lessen its debilitating impact on people, according to a Canadian university professor. “The problem with shift work is that it goes against a person’s natural behaviour which is regulated by the circadian clock,” said Ralph Mistlberger, a professor of psychology and bio- logical rhythms at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver. The circadian clock is an internal biological timer which operates on a 24 hour cycle. “This internal clock functions on rhythms which are independent of the outside world,” Mistlberger told Blue Line Magazine in an in- terview. “So even if a person were placed into a time-free environment with no indication of actual time, the body will continue to express these rhythms and still have a 24-hour sleep- wake cycle.” Mistlberger noted that although the biologi- cal clock is independent of the environment, it still takes time cues from it. “When we see light in the morning on the way to work, that has an affect on the clock and adjusts it so we do not drift out of synchrony with the outside world,” he explained. By constantly taking information from the environment, the clock will know when to tell a person to fall asleep or wake up. The clock now the night and preferred sleep time is the clock to make even a partial adjustment, work- wakes an individual up in the morning through day.” ing fast rotations prevents any adjustment to the secretion of hormones that help sustain con- Even if an individual is provided with at the new work cycles. Mistlberger says this sciousness. At night, the clock does the oppo- least three weeks to adjust their circadian makes weekly rotations particularly bad because site and gradually shuts the body down to in- rhythms, it will only result in a partial adjust- just as the clock begins to synchronize, it is duce sleep, Mistlberger said. ment. Mistlberger said studies have shown that suddenly interrupted as the rotation to a new When an individual is on a rotating shift even long-time permanent night workers do not shift begins. As a result, the internal clock is schedule from days, to evening, to nights, that completely adapt to their schedule. constantly left out of synchrony with the work person’s biological clock will not be able to shift As far as the circadian clock is concerned, schedule. and synchronize with the new sleep-wake cy- when daylight is received, the clock still be- “People who work on weekly rotations cle as quickly as the work schedule changes. lieves it is time to wake up, not sleep. This tend to have the poorest adaptation and com- “A person that alternates from day shift to makes shifting the internal clock difficult be- plain of fatigue on the job, insomnia, digestion night shift, with only a day or two off in be- cause it does not realize when the person actu- problems, intestinal problems and moodiness. tween, will not be able to adjust their biological ally needs to sleep or be awake. All of these problems derive from matching the clocks for at least two to three weeks,” the pro- “Convincing the clock to think otherwise circadian clock with the work schedule.” fessor said. “The clock won’t change substan- takes a great deal of time,” Mistlberger said. Finding solutions for this problem is an on- tially enough so that the preferred wake time is Due to the amount of time it takes for the going, yet incredibly slow task due to the lack of research and studies. The “holy grail” would involve finding a way to reset the internal clock instantaneously. Mistlberger believes the ideal solution would shift the clock overnight so the system is set to work optimally during the work schedule. “A drug or environmental tool, such as a powerful bright light set up at a particular time, could possibly provide a significant shift in the clock to help prevent sleeping disorders,” he said. Pharmaceutical companies and academic research programs have been working on a so- lution for about 20 years but to little avail. Mistlberger says current research has not been able to develop a drug that can shift the circa- dian clock. For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 14 Blue Line Magazine He said the only drug that comes close, yet Mistlberger expressed concern that police is unlikely to fulfil its promise, is Melatonin. officers, doctors and construction workers could This drug, which is also produced naturally in also be more likely to make poor life or death the brain to induce sleep, has been used for decisions while under alternating work patterns. several years to aid the visually impaired, peo- Essential services such as police also need ple who suffer from jet lag and those who have to carefully observe how they manage their shift difficulty sleeping. workers, as the consequences of their mistakes “There was initially some excitement that can be devastating, he said. Melatonin might be able to shift the biological “An exhausted and irritable police officer clock as well,” Mistlberger said. “People were isn’t likely going to make some of the best quick, responding well to it for other purposes, but it critical decisions when they’ve been working a is not fully clear how it 12-hour shift all week. I affects the clock, since all “People who work on also would personally not it does is cause the body want to be relying on a to fall asleep.” weekly rotations tend to doctor at three in the He feels that more complain of fatigue on morning to perform emer- study is needed into the the job, insomnia, gency surgery.” drug to determine the digestion problems, Unfortunately, there proper dosage and time to intestinal problems is no perfect shift work use it. Another concern schedule. The best sched- about Melatonin is it may and moodiness.” ule depends on the indi- not be powerful enough to vidual and the job. Ideal shift the clock if a person schedules would involve a does not control their exposure to daylight. group of permanent night workers and another However, while certain drugs may be able group of permanent day workers, leaving plenty to help shift the clock, natural light is by far the of time for both sides to adjust their circadian most powerful stimulant. Mistlberger is con- clocks as needed without interruption. vinced that certain schedules of exposure to However, the number of people willing to natural or simulated sunlight, will be required in work on a permanent night-time basis is any future attempts to change the circadian miniscule. Mistlberger finds that most people clock. By convincing the circadian clock that would rather put up with the difficulty of doing the individual does not operate at usual hours, shift rotations than work permanently at night. shift workers should be able to better adapt to Whether a 12-hour shift is better than an working conditions and be less likely to make eight-hour shift, is not clearly known. A 12- dangerous mistakes. hour shift can compensate a person psycho- “Forty years of research have shown that logically because it provides longer periods of people do not work as well at night as they do time off and can be a more attractive prospect. during the day,” the professor said. “It isn’t so “People could be fooling themselves devastating that people can’t actually do night though,” Mistlberger cautioned. “Most shift shift, just that they are more likely to make workers do not tend to have quality time off.” devastating errors.” If a shift worker is provided with two days This makes service industries which involve off, the first day is immediately lost to recov- interaction with many people more difficult ery, he explained. Even with longer blocks of because the shift worker is likely fatigued, not time-off, the first few days can simply be spent alert, or possibly even impaired by irregular recovering. By maximizing the number of con- work hours. secutive days off, a person will have sufficient “Shift workers involved in positions that time to rest, partially re-adjust their circadian require constant vigilance are more likely to clock and then enjoy some recreational time. cause critical mistakes,” Mistlberger warned. Studies still need to be done to determine if The Three Mile Island nuclear incident and doing shorter shifts, but having fewer days off Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster were caused consecutively, would be better than longer shifts in part by a breakdown in communication be- with more consecutive days off. tween fatigued workers on exhausting shifts. continued on page 16

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 15 Blue Line Magazine Anyone who decides to enter a job involv- during the day, a worker’s alertness can be en- ing shift work will undoubtedly find it a chal- hanced and the functions of internal clock may lenge, as it is psychologically, physically and even be improved. socially draining. Shift workers will be hard Better food access and proper diets can also pressed to find time to spend with family and make the work more manageable. friends while under alternating work hours. “Many shift workers live off junk food,” A significant number of people also quit Mistlberger pointed out. “Most people who shift work because they find they simply can- work at night rarely have access to healthy food not handle the strain it places on them. and are forced to eat food out of vending ma- “The people who do shift work for many chines or fast food places. years are a survivor population who adapt ad- “People who are fit and have healthy diets equately to the stress and although they may can handle the strains of shift work much more be unhappy, they are in fact able to handle the easily than those who don’t.” job,” Mistlberger said. “This type of work isn’t Another problem Mistlberger would like for everyone.” to see addressed is the lack of information pro- The key to handling shift work and discov- vided by employers to their shift workers. ering whether it is the right move for particular “When I ask shift workers what kind of people, is to gather as much information as education they get from their employer about possible about the matter. Mistlberger encour- Despite the difficulties and tough hours handling the strains of shift work, the answer is ages others to read manuals available in librar- associated with working shifts, Mistlberger typically ‘nothing.’” ies, book stores and on the Internet so they does not foresee a decline in the number of peo- Mistlberger is hoping the federal govern- become aware of problems they will face. Talk- ple who take on shift work. The current trend ment will eventually require or encourage busi- ing to people who already do shift work and seems to involve more shift work in various nesses to provide programs, workgroups or asking how they manage the challenges is also areas of employment. documents about shift work to their employ- advisable. “It is more cost effective to keep certain ees so it can be handled more effectively. “People need to understand that their lives operations and services running all day, which While the belief is that shift work is a cost will not quite be the same. Shift work is so- means shift work is not going away.” effective means of conducting operations, it can cially isolating and makes having a relationship In the late 1980’s to early 1990’s, approxi- also cost the economy billions of dollars in in- with family and friends who work regular hours mately 25 per cent of the work force worked on juries, accidents and lost productivity due to very difficult.” shifts. Mistlberger believes this number could exhausted workers. Family and friends also need to be informed stabilize or slowly increase in years to come. “It is in everybody’s best interest to start and understand the importance of not disturb- While it won’t go away, shift work can be doing more research, more education and taking ing a shift worker’s sleep. This can easily occur optimized to make somewhat more ideal work- more action to deal with the problems and losses as people go about their daily lives and forget ing conditions. By simulating outdoor light with which derive from shift work,” Mistlberger said. how a shift worker’s schedule is set. powerful artificial lights, or seeking natural light “A rested worker is an efficient worker.”

Promoting alertness at work Just as you can take steps to ensure a good night’s - or day’s - sleep, you can try these steps to stay alert on the job. • Take short breaks throughout the shift. Specializing in Police & Military K-9 Training • Try to work with a “buddy.” Talking Specializing in Police & Military K-9 Training with co-workers can help keep you alert. and And co-workers can be on the lookout for signs of drowsiness in each other. Schutzhund Dog Sport Equipment • Try to exercise during breaks. Use the employee lounge, take a walk, shoot Police Training Suits: The Ultra Kimono or Body Suit hoops in the parking lot, or climb stairs. • Try to eat three normal meals per day. Soft Sleeves, Hidden Sleeves, Hard Sleeves, Cuffs Eat healthy snacks, avoiding foods that may upset your stomach. Protective Clothing, Narcotics Training • If you drink a caffeinated beverage (cof- fee, tea, colas), do so early in the shift, K-9 Cruise Eze Police Canine Transport Systems e.g., before 3 a.m. for the night worker. • Don’t leave the most tedious or boring tasks to the end of your shift when you Muzzles, Leads & Collars, Chain Collars, Harnesses are apt to feel the drowsiest. Night shift workers hit their lowest period around 4 Police K-9 Uniform Accessories, Books & Videos a.m. • Exchange ideas with your colleagues on KATS K9 Activity Tracking System ways to cope with the problems of shift work. Set up a support group at work so Tetragon-Tasse Distributors Inc. that you can support and learn from each 2378 Dunwin Drive Mississauga, Ontario L5L-1J9 other. Phone (905)-828-9803 Fax (905)-828-6390 Toll Free (800)-387-6542 Source: National Sleep Foundation [email protected] www.tetragon.ca

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 16 Blue Line Magazine Healthy cops save money, study says

Statistics Canada reports that employee absenteeism in 1998 increased by half a day per year, costing companies $20 billion annually. A research project was initiated by the Ontario Provincial Police to review the finan- cial benefit, if any, of having physically fit em- ployees. A review of the literature shows very clearly that there are financial benefits to im- plementing wellness programs. These benefits are both quantitative and qualitative in nature. This column will review investing public funds in these types of pro- grams and whether or not there is a positive im- pact, specifically on short term sickness credits.

Process The methodology included the identification of those officers who have received the Ontario Police Fitness Award (OPFA) for at least five years and were the holders of the five year OPFA certificate. These individuals, by maintaining their fitness level for this length of time, generally in- dicate a personal commitment to fitness and gen- ON THE JOB: Healthy police officers take eral good health practices. Only those who vol- less days off and do more work as a result. unteered to participate were included. The research review was conducted over a Benefits three year period from March 1996 to March The benefits of having a physically fit po- 1999. These dates were picked at random and lice agency can be directly linked to perform- were not significant in any way. Assistance from ance. The rationale focuses on what the average human resources was requested and received. OPP officer produces over 4.24 days. There were 56 subjects in this study, of It is estimated that the fit group (56) by which 48 were males and eight were females. virtue of the fact they work 4.24 more days than The distribution was a cross section of the or- the OPP average, would have on average at least ganization with the majority being provincial three more charges than those who did not work constables and sergeants. these days. Additionally, it is estimated that col- lectively this group would have laid 175 charges OPP Results during this additional 4.24 days of work based The results during the three year study pe- on data from the 1999 OPP Annual Report. riod indicate that for each year of the study, the If every OPP constable (3,645) laid three fitness subjects used less sick time than the more charges per year there would be a total of OPP average. During the study period subjects 10,935 extra charges per year. have saved the OPP more than $171,360 in potential lost wages based on the concept of Conclusions universal attendance. Although actual monetary benefits in this Similar findings have been reported by other area can be difficult to accurately quantify, this police services. Research conducted by the study has reinforced the existing literature in Hamilton Police Service indicates that physi- that physically fit OPP officers have saved the cally fit individuals are not only less absent organization, thus the public purse, hundreds from work, but they are more punctual as well. of thousands of dollars. and visit us at The potential unrealized savings of having Thus it would stand to reason that a fur- Response 2001, booth 405. a physically fit OPP workforce translates into ther investment in health and wellness pro- approximately $6.2 million per year based on grams would be a very cost-effective expendi- 100 per cent universal attendance (cost savings ture. Although quantitative performance meas- of approximately $1,020 per employee). ures are required, it would be important to A NASA study reported a 12.5 per cent include qualitative performance measures also increase in productivity in those who exercise. when reporting any potential benefits of They found that those who exercised worked wellness programs. at full efficiency for the entire day, while aver- age employees lost 50 per cent efficiency for To obtain a copy of the complete study, the final two hours. contact Physiological Sciences Health Co- The exercising group also demonstrated in- ordinator Peter Shipley at (705) 329-7546. creased stamina, performance, concentration and Articles for the Vitality column are supplied decision making abilities. This can have huge con- by members of the Police Fitness Personnel sequences in regards to productivity levels when of Ontario. deciding on eight, 10, or 12 hour shift schedules. For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 17 Blue Line Magazine Intelligent digital tailoring by Tom Rataj Outfitting a new recruit class with prop- erly fitting uniforms is a time consuming, la- bour intensive task. Each recruit needs to be accurately sized by a tailor, various garments need to be tried-on for general fit and pants and dress tunics gener- ally need to be altered for an exact fit. The proc- ess usually starts with the recruit’s own esti- mate of sizing, followed by a series of trials. A new electronic “digital” body measure- ment system has been developed by Dr. Shi Yin of Toronto, in an effort to streamline this proc- ess. Not only does the system provide an accu- rate measurement of the six major body dimen- sions, but it can also be tied to the actual fin- ished sizes of the standard garments to provide a “best-fit” recommendation. ICESS The Intelligent Clothing and Equipment Siz- ing System (ICESS) was developed for uniform distribution in the Canadian Forces. Using sim- ple off the shelf hardware components and a custom software package, the system is designed to measure a person’s stature, neck, chest, waist and hip circumference, as well as sleeve length. The measurement and information process- ing phase of the system takes less than two minutes and produces a simple one page report which details the body measurements, as well as the standard garment and equipment sizes. Yin’s newly formed company, VisImage Systems Inc., is commercializing this system for military and other uniform wearing organi- zations. No Need To Smile The system uses two Kodak DC-210 dig- ital still cameras, connected to a standard Win- dows based computer, with the ICESS soft- ware installed. The subject stands in a specially designed two-sided cubicle wearing a pair of tight-fitting Once the silhouette is established, the soft- factured for every officer. red cotton shorts. The cubicle itself consists of ware then determines 13 landmark points on Although this may seem extravagant and two walls measuring 2.2 metres high by 1.1 the frontal view and 10 landmark points on the expensive, in the long term it would likely be metres wide. The walls are covered in a blue side view. From these landmarks the system cheaper, because the amount of clothing and fabric and feature a number of small red refer- then determines the six primary body measure- equipment required to be stocked could be dra- ence points used by the software to make accu- ments. matically reduced. Current stockroom stand- rate measurements. When tied to a database of the actual meas- ards used by the military require between 20 The square floor, which measures 1.1 me- urements of the finished garments, the system per cent and 30 per cent extra stock for stand- tres by 1.1 metres, has a pair of footprint on can recommend the actual garment sizes to pick ard uniform items, in order to ensure reasonable which the subject stands. from stock, accounting for the size differences availability when new or replacement clothing Once in the booth, the subject must stand between manufacturers. and equipment needs to be issued. in a particular position that assists the system The system is easy to use as it requires Simply changing suppliers or styles of in making the accurate measurement. Once the little training and only basic computer skills. clothing can often create fitting problems. subject is in position, the system simultane- Because it uses off the shelf components, the Changing the cut of a pair of pants can result in ously takes two digital photographs, one from hardware costs remain fairly low. Although ac- officers having to change pant sizes in order to the front and one from the subject’s right side. tual pricing has not been firmly established, the fit properly, as well as requiring extensive tai- The digital images are then analyzed by the system should be available for a single unit cost loring to achieve a proper fit. Using this system software, which examines the level of contrast of under $30,000. would prevent this problem and reduce the between the subject’s skin colour and the blue amount of tailoring required to achieve the background to create a silhouette of the body. Potential proper fit. This essentially works the same as the blue This system can accelerate the fitting of backgrounds used in the television and movie uniforms for new recruits, and if connected to, Hands And Feet Other related systems in development by industries to electronically insert an image be- or operated by a uniform manufacturer, could VisImage include Hand Scan and Foot Scan. Us- hind a subject. be used to have custom-made uniforms manu-

April 2001 18 Blue Line Magazine ing a standard off the shelf flatbed scanner these which uses a white light-based scanner and their systems use similar technology to make accu- proprietary software to create a complete 3D rate measurements of the hands and feet. body image for catalogue and online shoppers. Hand Scan measures 14 individual hand di- Wick and Wilson Limited in Hampshire, U.K., mensions to accurately determine palm width, has also developed a commercial body-scanning hand crotch-height and finger and thumb length system that creates a 3D colour scan of custom- and width. ers in less than eight seconds. Foot Scan measures eight individual foot The American military also tried a system dimensions; foot length, foot-width, heel-width, called ARNscan to process 8,000 recruits dur- inner and outer planner arch-length, ball-flex angle and anterior and posterior flexion angle. ing a six month period, issuing 88,000 clothing items. They reported achieving an accuracy rate Competition of 88 per cent over traditional sizing measure- While the VisImage systems are a relatively ment accuracy of only 56 per cent, when track- affordable homegrown solution to uniform meas- ing the issuance of dress coats, shirts and trou- urement, there are also other commercial sys- sers. The WBX scanner system they used takes tems available worldwide, although they are far 46 seconds to completely process each recruit. more complex and expensive because of the pro- prietary equipment used. Conclusion American catalogue clothing giant, Land’s Electronic body measurement systems hold End, has been using a body scanning system great promise both in a commercial environment developed by Image Twin. The primary objec- and in a uniform clothing environment such as tive of Land’s End’s use of body scanning tech- the police and military. Stocking and issuing nology is to increase customer satisfaction and clothing and equipment is an expensive compo- reduce the number of product returns by mail- nent of uniform clothing. order customers. The customers can now go to A poorly fitted uniform certainly detracts one of the Land’s End stores and have their from the professional image police managers body dimensions determined by the body scan- strive to create and maintain. ning system. The dimensions can then remain Whether individual agencies can afford to on file and the customers can more accurately purchase and operate their own body scanning select clothing sizes before ordering. equipment remains to be seen, although it cer- TC2, another American company, has also tainly makes business sense for uniform cloth- developed a 3D body measurement system, ing manufacturers to offer body scanning as a value added service. For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 19 Blue Line Magazine Co-operating for cost effectiveness Agencies unite to develop purchasing network by Les Linder What began as a combined effort to save money for the Toronto Police Service and On- tario Provincial Police, has developed into a cost saving co-operative network for more than 45 Ontario police agencies. The Police Co-operative Purchasing Group (PCPG), which began in 1996, was formed with the intent to bring police services together to exchange market information and avoid dupli- cation of effort in research. Frank Chen, administrative officer with the Toronto Police Service and chair of the PCPG committee, created the organization along with the OPP. They had initially planned to use the or- ganization as a means of co-operating in the purchase of police vehicles. “We then realized it would be possible for us to use this plan with other items as well and not just cars,” Chen said. “The plan was then to see if other Ontario forces wanted to join on, in hope that we could all work cooperatively and share our costs and prices we pay.” The PCPG has two sub-committees con- centrating separately to unify and standardize specifications on police related items, such as car tires and police uniforms. Joining the group is voluntary, free and enables the agencies to purchase items from a manufacturer at the PCPG’s price, which is equal for all member agencies. The system works by placing a purchase order for a particular piece of equipment, which is then posted on the group’s website. Informa- tion on all the specifications, vendor, price and contact names are provided. GEARED UP: The PCPG is dedicated to getting the best price for police products. “Any member police service can then go to the website, look at the pricing and then make competitive price. the website also allows police services to sell or an order with the purchase agreement number, Chen said one of the most appealing rea- buy used items from one another. It is not used taking advantage of the PCPG price,” Chen ex- sons to become a member for most agencies has for ordering, but rather to give other services an plained. been because of the highly competitive and idea as to what used items members are willing The website, which is part of the OACP “sharpened pencil” prices of equipment. He to sell. website, requires a password to access. The estimates the Toronto force saved approxi- The latest move of the PCPG has been to site also provides links to specific items avail- mately $400,000 in 1997 on footwear, ammu- find a way to standardize the specifications of able from their manufacturers, which sell to nition, clothing and tires. marked police cars. Specifications for a basic members of the group at an agreed upon and A newly added bulletin board system on police package vehicle were provided to the group’s committee by the Durham Regional Police. Needed options were listed and the specifications were taken to two potential manu- facturers. In time, the group received bids from Ford for the Crown Victoria and the Impala from General Motors, thereby providing members with a competitive and affordable price for po- No lice vehicles, Chen said. Die Prices for the vehicles and various listed options are available to all members of the Charges! PCPG and payment is made to the manufac- A Ring of Exceptional Quality turer, who pays the dealer to deliver the vehicle to Show Your “Pride in Service” to the member service. Chen said the PCPG is now also looking CALL TODAY FOR YOUR FREE COLOUR BROCHURE into the possibility of providing plain cars as 1-800-535-9735 Check out our new web page at www.pride-in-service.on.ca well. Pride in Service P.O. Box 705 Pickering, Ontario L1V 3T3 Fax: (905) 509-6933 Despite the advantages and savings the For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 20 Blue Line Magazine group presents to its members, it still faces sev- longer provide for the group, every member will eral challenges. be effected by it. “We face a few problems with clothing, Chen believes this issue, for the most part, uniforms in particular,” Chen said. “We cur- is a moot point because the PCPG picks manu- rently have one manufacturer that supplies uni- facturers carefully, based on reputation and the forms, however, each agency has their own spe- quality of the service or product. cific preferences for uniforms. Recently, the PCPG has also had discus- Because of this, the manufacturer ware- sions with the RCMP and both are considering house has to include a rack for each member a long-range goal to develop a Canada-wide pur- service.” chasing network of police equipment. He added this system becomes ineffective While having the Mounties as a member because they may not be able to promise deliv- could help the organization realize its goal ery in the required time. sooner, Chen says he is also conscious of the “If they don’t have a Halton uniform in possible inherent problems with having such a supply, they have to go make one for them. large and influential force in the group. Uniforms are lacking in commonality, each one However, he said the PCPG does not want can be significantly different.” to use that possibility to discourage any op- Also, some suppliers do not want to keep portunities. excess inventory when they come near the end “We haven’t pursued the matter yet to the of their contract, out of fear that they will be point of even being able to try things out. There saddled with the remaining inventory if the con- is an opportunity to see what their needs are, tract is lost. what our needs are, and seeing if we can bring However, Chen insists the PCPG is mak- our specifications to match with theirs, or their ing headway in this area. The organization is specifications to match with ours.” experimenting with a common uniform that In the future, Chen is hoping to see more would be easily adaptable for a police agen- common specifications for equipment and cy’s specifications. There are already two com- would like to work closer with other police serv- mon tunics which the committee is looking at ices, big and small. and presenting to member services for ap- “We want to continue to refine the quality proval. of items and explore other opportunities, such If they go with the design, they could get as pepper spray, forensic tools, and firearms. better service at a faster turnaround, Chen said. The possibility of a manufacturer going For more information on the Police Co-op- bankrupt or facing a strike, is also a matter Chen erative Purchasing Group contact Frank is constantly aware of. If the supplier can no Chen at (416) 808-8005. For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 21 Blue Line Magazine Law enforcement in the north One officer detachments by Blair McQuillan

Imagine you were offered a new job. As part of this new job you would have the oppor- tunity to pack up your be- longings and move up north. Way up north. You would face harsh conditions, but would still be exposed to seven hours of day light during the darkest time of the year and due to your new remote location, you would have to be prepared to pay liberally for necessities. A loaf of bread for example, would cost about three dollars. You would be promoted if you took this job and be responsible for policing a commu- nity of 400 people on the southern tip of Baffin Island - by yourself - for two years. You would have your own office and be outfitted with equipment including a truck, snowmobile, boat, ATV, two computer LONE OFFICER: RCMP Cpl. Dan Mayer has been policing Kimmirut, Nunavut for the workstations and a base radio. last 16 months. The community, located on Baffin Island, has a population of 400 people. Would you take the job? “The people are very friendly,” Mayer said. he is sworn to protect are very pro-police. “I’ve Dan Mayer did. “Everybody helps one another.” enjoyed working with the community.” Mayer, a corporal with the Royal Cana- RCMP Cpl. Debra Morris, the sole officer However, while Gray describes Coral Har- dian Mounted Police, has served as the lone in Nunavut’s Grise Fiord, has enjoyed an expe- bour as an “excellent” area to police, he notes officer in Kimmirut, Nunavut since December rience similar to Mayer’s. The 20-year veteran that being the only police officer in the commu- 1999. has spent the past 19 months in Canada’s most nity can be an extremely taxing task. “It’s community policing at its most raw northern community, located on the southern “There’s a lot of work to be done here and form,” the 15-year veteran says of his posting. shore of Ellesmere Island. when you’re the only officer, it can be a heavy “The advantage is you get to work very closely “We’re the gateway to the south,” Morris load,” the 39-year-old said. “To be perfectly with the people.” says in a deadpan manner. “I love the north. frank, it’s taken a heavy toll on me. I don’t Mayer has enjoyed a diversified career in I’ve spent all of my service time in the north.” think you can accurately reflect the work that’s terms of geography. He worked in Nova Scotia Morris’ admiration for northern living is prob- required. Because I’m the only one here I’m and Quebec before taking a one year assign- ably due in part to the fact that she grew up in doing the administration, the community polic- ment in Haiti. The corporal was also posted in the Yukon Territory. After serving for one year ing, the operational files and I make myself avail- the Nunavut capital of Iqualuit for one year in the Northwest Territories and 18 years in the able to the community 24-hours-a-day.” before accepting the opening in Kimmirut. Yukon, she decided she wanted a change. Gray notes, however, that he is not com- However, Mayer did not come to Kimmirut “I wanted the experience in the eastern arc- pletely alone. He does receive some assistance without knowing what he was getting into. He tic,” she said enthusiastically. “I just love po- from two community constables who are on had the opportunity to fill in for his predeces- licing small communities.” call to provide help and work in the office when sor in October 1999 when the officer went on Morris, who along with her husband, is an extra hands are needed. The corporal has also vacation. Mayer found he enjoyed his time in avid hunter and angler, said she enjoys being in learned that Coral Harbour is scheduled to have the community and when the opportunity to a remote community because it allows her to be an additional officer assigned to the detachment. become Kimmirut’s full-time officer came up, her own boss. “I have been requesting an extra member the 35-year-old applied for the job. “You’re very much on your own,” the 40- since I got here,” Gray said. “I don’t know when “It wasn’t an easy decision,” said Mayer, year-old officer said. “It’s a great community I’ll see that second officer.” who, like all Mounties who accept postings in to work in as a police officer.” Gray is not alone in his desire for additional one officer detachments, was promoted to corpo- Morris said one aspect that makes her job manpower. Both Mayer and Morris expressed ral after taking the assignment. “The promotion so enjoyable is that while an officer in Grise the need for an extra officer due to concerns itself didn’t mean much. I found by coming here it Fiord handles an average of 60 cases per year, about safety. was a great opportunity to see what it was like she has not yet had to arrest a single person. “I don’t encourage one person detach- among the Inuit and get a taste of their culture. “I’ve been fortunate since I’ve come here,” ments,” Morris said. “I am not having any prob- “The Inuit here live a traditional life style. Morris says of her empty holding cell. lems here, but for officer safety I do not think For the most part (the men) go out and they RCMP Cpl. David Gray also works in a that one person detachments should still exist. hunt on the land and fish. The women usually remote community. Gray, a 10-year member of It’s just not safe to be working alone.” stay behind and mind the kids.” the RCMP, is posted in Nunavut’s Coral Har- “The main drawback would be back up in Mayer had a family of his own to think of bour. For the past 19 months he has been the the event of an incident involving potential vio- before accepting his current posting. The of- lone officer in the community of 800 located on lence, like domestic disputes or assaults,” ficer and his wife, a social worker who is em- Southhampton Island, which lies at the north Mayer said. “You’re called on to respond to ployed in the community, decided Kimmirut end of Hudson Bay. them and you don’t have anybody to back you would be a positive environment for their two “I’ve been very well received by the com- up.” young children to spend time in. munity,” said Gray, who added that the people Sgt. Paul Marsh, a media relations officer in

April 2001 22 Blue Line Magazine Ottawa, says small to develop strong ties detachments consisting with the community. Officer killed in of one to four officers “Because I know are not unique to the just about everyone in the line of duty north. the community, that “Other divisions, helps. I’m not seen as A veteran RCMP including Newfound- being as much of a officer was shot land, Alberta and Mani- threat to them because and killed on March 5 during a toba have members in they know me as Dan scuffle with a sus- these types of smaller Mayer, not necessarily pect when he re- detachments,” Marsh as ‘police officer Dan.’” sponded to a do- said. “Even in larger And just how of- mestic dispute in detachments, members ten is Mayer called Jurgen Seewald Cape Dorset, are called upon on oc- upon to be “police of- Nunavut. casion to respond to ficer Dan”? The officer Cst. Jurgen Seewald, 47, responded calls by themselves.” says the number of calls to the call alone and was fatally wounded He added that no matter what the situation for service in Kimmirut can vary greatly. after an altercation with a suspect, an the RCMP teaches its members to use other “I can (have) four or five complaints in one RCMP spokes person stated. resources at their disposal, such as telecoms day and then I can go for a week without a Another RCMP member arrived on and auxiliaries to minimize the risk involved complaint,” he said. “On average, I get 200 files the scene and took Seewald to a nursing both to themselves and the public. a year and I deal with about 15 to 20 prisoners station, where he died shortly after. “The number of members per detachment a year.” The suspect was later arrested. is determined by the population, crime statis- Despite the workload and shortage of The Brantford, Ont., native was tics, geographic size and location and financial manpower, Mayer said he would recommend posted to Cape Dorset in the fall of 2000 resources,” Marsh said. “General resourcing - a one officer posting to other members. While as part of a 26-year career that had seen members per division - is established by nego- it can be difficult to keep up with administra- him policing communities in Nova Scotia tiations between the commanding officer and tive responsibilities, maintain cases and con- and the Northwest Territories. In 1993, he served as a United Na- provincial or territorial government. There is duct community policing, an ever-positive tions peacekeeper in the former Yugosla- no standard, or one size fits all model.” Mayer says the workload prevents him from via and earned the UN Peacekeeping An RCMP task force is currently working becoming idle. Medal and Canadian Peacekeeping Medal. to develop minimum resource standards to be “You never get bored,” he says with a laugh. Fellow RCMP officers remember applied in the future. “I don’t regret my experience at all. I’ve made a Seewald as a “gentle giant” who made work In the meantime, Mayer says one way to lot of good friends here and I’ve had a lot of enjoyable. overcome the possibility of facing violence is good experiences.”

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 23 Blue Line Magazine Mounties pressured to act alone, association says by Les Linder This issue is not a new one to the force and the RCMP has been haunted by the Police officers in small RCMP detachments question of why small and single officer face unnecessary risks because they are pres- detachments don’t have a system in place sured not to call for assistance when respond- for immediate backup, Delisle said. ing to calls, the president of the RCMP Mem- Currently, the RCMP is not required bers Association says. to meet health and safety standards laid Gaetan Delisle said officers in one to four- out in the Canada Labour Code. Delisle man detachments are placed under pressure to said the RCMP is currently in the courts handle calls alone because calling for backup trying to keep things that way. can be costly for the RCMP. The case which will decide this in- “The pressure is there not to call for assist- volved an RCMP diver in Nova Scotia ance if it means calling in an overtime officer,” who died during a water rescue opera- Delisle said from his home in an interview with tion. Blue Line Magazine. “If the RCMP wins that case and is “If you’re alone and need to make the deci- told the Canada Labour Code does not sion to call for backup or not, you’re not likely apply to RCMP members, then the to make that call,” he said. “The boss is not RCMP will continue to do as it pleases going to enjoy that decision if it is made.” and probably continue to avoid health and He said when an officer calls for assistance, safety concerns,” Delisle said. it results in increased costs for the force as man- The issue also affects more RCMP power and other resources are used. This could officers than some would believe, he affect the detachment’s evaluation by RCMP pointed out. they ever have to call for help from an overtime officials. When an officer from a small detachment officer? “There is undoubtedly pressure put on takes leave for vacation or additional training, “Their evaluation ends up suffering and these members in small detachments in the form the detachment can frequently be left with no they limit their chances of being promoted.” of peer pressure, management pressure and fis- more than one or two officers to manage it for While he understands it is costly, Delisle cal pressure.” as long as a month. insists the basic principles of health and safety In much larger detachments, this pressure Because of this, that officer has to make should apply. is downloaded onto the supervisors. This means decisions on how to manage the detachment “This is an issue that the RCMP needs to an officer is more likely to call for backup be- and any calls that come in, the association presi- address for the safety of its members, but the cause there is no direct pressure placed on him dent said. management is not taking care of the problem not to do so, Delisle added. “Now what do you think happens should and are playing deaf towards it.”

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 24 Blue Line Magazine

Front wheel drive police cruisers by Don McKnight rear wheel drive cars. It has been argued that rear While front-wheel drive ve- wheel drive cars are faster than hicles (FWD) have been around FWD based on the observa- for more than 60 years, their tion that all of the quickest rac- numbers have increased signifi- ing cars in the world continue cantly in North America within to deliver power through the the past two decades. rear wheels. By placing both Down sizing the gigantic steering and acceleration loads American car became necessary on the front tires, the limit of when the first significant post- available traction on dry pave- war gasoline shortage occurred in ment will be reached sooner in the early 1970’s. Vehicle manu- a FWD car when compared facturers were forced to reduce with a similar rear wheel drive the weight of their cars in an ef- vehicle. fort to increase fuel mileage. The The argument therefore challenge they faced was to de- ON THE TRACK: The Impala is part of the front wheel drive family. has validity in a high perform- sign a car that offered the spa- ance driving context, but only cious interior that the North American consumer Increased acceleration, in an effort to pull at the very limits of adhesion which typically demanded but in a smaller, lighter package. the car around the corner, causes total loss of occur on race tracks and not on public streets in The layout of front-wheel drive is ideally steering response preventing the vehicle from traffic. The added stability of FWD is a much suited in this regard. By housing all of the drive negotiating the intended arc of the corner. As more significant benefit in that experienced driv- train components under the hood, the interior with other innovations in vehicle design (such ers can more easily exploit the limits of adhe- dimensions could be increased dramatically due as ABS), drivers quickly learned the subtle dif- sion on different surfaces. to the removal of intrusions previously occu- ferences between cornering in front and rear pied by the driveshaft tunnel, transmission and wheel drive and have, over time, altered their Introduction Of differential housings. driving technique accordingly. FWD Police Cruisers A problem that was associated with early While front wheel drive police vehicles have Characteristics Of Front FWD designs was known as “torque steer”. been in use for decades in many other parts of The Wheel Drive Under heavy acceleration, the vehicle would pull the world, full size rear wheel drive patrol cars An important handling characteristic that strongly to one side and when the driver decel- have generally remained the preferred choice in FWD offers is excellent stability, even at high- erated, pull in the opposite direction. This ten- North America subject to availability. way speeds. This is significant in that the dency was caused primarily by different length Early attempts at modifying smaller FWD smaller FWD model vehicles “feel” very solid drive shafts made necessary by the transverse passenger cars met with limited success in po- on the road and give the impression of being method of mounting the engine. Over the years, licing and these vehicles were often restricted much heavier than is actually the case. this problem has been virtually eliminated. to non-uniform functions. The new FWD This trait is the result of the drive wheels The most obvious benefit of FWD is the Chevrolet Impala has been recently introduced pulling rather than pushing the vehicle. This superior traction when accelerating on slippery into the police market to replace the discontin- characteristic was heavily exploited during ini- surfaces. There is simply no comparison be- ued full-size Caprice. tial marketing schemes designed to promote tween front and rear wheel drive in this cat- This particular vehicle has undergone sig- FWD vehicles over their rear wheel drive (RWD) egory. nificant modifications to withstand the rigors counterparts. The improved traction is a result of having of uniform patrol duty. Also noteworthy is the Drivers were given the impression that by the weight of the engine and transmission di- fact that the interior dimensions are almost iden- applying acceleration on any surface, a FWD rectly over the drive wheels. This layout also tical to both the full-size Caprice that it re- car would simply “pull” itself around a corner. provides the necessary traction to reverse out places and the Ford Crown Victoria. On very slippery surfaces, however, accelera- of snowdrifts if the vehicle was to become stuck. Concern over the transition from RWD to tion sufficient to cause the drive wheels to spin When backing up, even more traction is avail- FWD police vehicle operation has been tem- will result in the front end plowing straight able due to the weight transfer onto the drive pered by the length of time that it has taken for ahead. wheels. Again this is a significant advantage over this type of vehicle to filter into the market- place. In 1990, 60 per cent of recruits entering the Ontario Police College reported gaining the majority of their driving experience in a rear wheel drive car. Today, 65 per cent of recruits indicate they obtained this experience in a FWD car. Similarly, many experienced officers in the field currently drive a FWD car as their per- sonal vehicle. From a policing standpoint, FWD offers many advantages over RWD in winter driving conditions although some of these benefits may not be obvious to skilled drivers who enjoy the ability to “kick” the tail end of a RWD cruiser out on loose surfaces. This technique is fre- quently utilized when performing a “U” turn from a gravel shoulder or in snow. While the latest FWD cruiser will turn around in a shorter radius than its RWD counterpart, any excess For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 26 Blue Line Magazine acceleration will of course cause the creasingly in an effort to force the car front end to plow, thus lengthening to turn. This action will simply cause the turning radius. the vehicle to continue to plow, with- One prediction that has been out steering control, toward the edge expressed regarding police emer- of the road. At this late stage of the gency operation in FWD focuses skid, the novice driver tends to finally on the increased damage that may lift off the accelerator. result from hitting curbs with the If the skid is allowed to progress front driving wheels, while turn- to this point, the series of events that ing around quickly, due to the me- will occur as a result of these driver chanical complexity housed in that actions make recovery almost impos- location. sible. Vehicle weight will pitch forward Striking curbs in any car, front onto the front wheels causing them to or rear drive will, at the very least, immediately regain steering ability. cause damage to the tires and Due to the sharp steering angle, the wheel alignment that may present front end turns abruptly and the back a potential future hazard for other end of the vehicle may snap around in officers assigned to that particular a violent rear end skid. vehicle. Cars in general have be- For this reason it is important come progressively more fragile as that drivers develop a habit of quickly they have become more techno- easing off the accelerator at the first logically advanced and, in spite of sign of the front end skidding. This the heavy duty construction of simple action will restore steering police equipped vehicles, must be ability and prevent any further cor- driven accordingly. THE DRIVE: Technique is needed in handling the FWD car. rective driver actions. This is the key to maintaining di- FWD Driving Techniques This is not the case with FWD, in that the rectional control with FWD. There are more Many drivers are unable to detect any dif- driver experiences a less sensational drifting of advanced FWD high performance driving tech- ference between today’s front and rear drive the front end. It is critical that the appropriate niques for winter conditions that are not cited cars when operated under routine conditions driver response occurs during this early stage here due to the intense practice required to mas- on dry and wet pavement. of loss of control because if allowed to progress ter these skills. When using moderate to high inputs of ac- further, the corrective measures become increas- celeration in FWD, a firm grip on the steering ingly more difficult to perform successfully. Conclusion wheel is required. The effect of driving the front When the front end begins to lose steering Front wheel drive has often been associ- steering wheels at high speeds can be felt through control due to wheelspin, the driver should im- ated with smaller sized cars, and while this was the steering wheel much more than in a RWD mediately ease off the accelerator, rather than the case many years ago, the North American car. It may be advantageous to alter the tradi- attempting to steer out of trouble. industry has shifted toward FWD in almost all tional North American hand-over-hand steering Some late model cruisers have sensors ca- of its passenger cars. method to the British style “push-pull” tech- pable of detecting wheelspin caused by exces- The operation of vehicles utilizing this nique in which the hands are always in contact sive acceleration that will automatically reduce mode of power delivery has evolved gradually with the steering wheel and never cross over engine power. Selecting “neutral” is another over the past two decades, thereby allowing each other. method of immediately stopping wheelspin. the necessary driver familiarization to take place Only when pushing the vehicle to the lim- Gentle corrective steering in the intended naturally over time. its of adhesion (winter conditions for the aver- direction of travel should occur only after the The integration of FWD into police fleets age motorist and emergency driving for police) front wheels have regained traction. will occur quickly in the next few years. Within does FWD require a slightly altered set of skills This technique can be safely practiced at the framework of patrol operations, predict- compared to RWD. Having experienced FWD very slow speeds in snow (under 10 km/h) while ably, FWD cruisers will undergo the same scru- over a significant period of time, many drivers travelling in the right lane on an empty road- tiny and teething problems similar to any new have already made the transition. The most sig- way. By applying a brief burst of acceleration piece of police equipment. nificant difference noticeable to the driver oc- sufficient to spin the front wheels, the driver While differences between modes of power curs during wheelspin caused by excessive ac- will experience the front end begin to slide. By delivery exist, the advantages of FWD in our celeration, resulting in a skid. immediately easing off on the accelerator, the winter months alone, would seem to outweigh The term “skidding” is generally perceived front wheels will regain traction and steering the tradition of rear wheel drive cruisers as po- to mean a rear, or “fishtail”, type of skid com- control will resume. licing enters into the new millennium. mon to rear wheel drive vehicles. If a driver, It is important that drivers acquire an auto- when travelling in the right lane of a straight matic response sequence of immediately reduc- section of icy roadway, applies excessive accel- ing acceleration before attempting corrective eration in a rear wheel drive car sufficient to steering measures. spin the wheels, the rear end of the car will When negotiating snow or ice covered cor- Don McKnight has been the co-ordinator begin to slide, generally to the right, down the ners, the laws of physics apply equally to front of police driving courses at the Ontario Po- crown, or slope of the road. The same set of and rear wheel drive. If, when exiting a corner, lice College for the past 15 years. He has circumstances in a FWD car will result in the excessive acceleration is applied sufficient to spent 26 years in the driver improvement front end beginning to slide. cause wheelspin, a RWD car may experience a industry. McKnight has experience in While the initial corrective driver reactions fishtail type of rear end skid. Under the same policy writing as it pertains to police vehi- are similar to those in a rear wheel drive car, the circumstances, a FWD car may experience loss cle operation and has recently been involved stimulus for reacting quickly is less apparent of steering control with the result that the front with the development of the Suspect Ap- with FWD. What causes drivers to react imme- end of the vehicle will begin to plow straight prehension Pursuits Regulation and the im- diately to a rear end skid is the sensation of ahead. plementation of province-wide training. He instability resulting from the tail of the car be- Drivers unaccustomed to FWD may con- can be reached at (519) 773-4241. ginning to rotate. tinue to accelerate while continuing to steer in-

April 2001 27 Blue Line Magazine Canada’s National Law Enforcement Exhibition April 24 - 25, 2001 LIST OF EXHIBITORS

Advantage Internet Software Solutions Inc 401 Pelican Products Inc (Canada) 201 Emerging Technologies Alcom / Clearnet 512 Peltor Communications 203 Sponsored by Anytrack Solutions 317 Police Artists Association of Canada 200 The Canadian Police Research Centre Bodycote Ortech 303 Police Ordnance Company Inc 603 (National Research Council of Canada) Call Center Products 414 R Nicholls Distributors Inc B Canadian Law Enforcement Training (RCMP) 403 Ron Cormier & Associates 105 Code 3 Public Safety Equipment Lobby Rapid Rotation Baton Canada 208 AutoVu Technologies Salient Manufacturing & Security Products 304 Cogent Systems Inc 609 CPRC PS-3 Project Command System Inc 101, 103 Saucony Canada 204 Crime Scene Law Enforcement Supplies 406 Second Chance Body Armor 500 Future Developments Ltd Special Electronics & Designs Inc 501 Crown North America Lobby Inner-Tec Security Deister Electronics Inc 301 Starfield Safetywear Manufacturing 104 Draeger 503 Stop Tech Ltd 509 LiveWires Design Ltd Tele-Find 307 EOD Performance Inc 502 P-CELL Essential Service Providers 305 Tetratec PTFE Technologies Incorporated F Federal Auction Services 405 The Current Corporation 300 Pine Tree Law Enforcement Products The Quartermasters Warehouse / Virtual Depot 306 Flying Cross by Fechheimer E Polar Digital Technologies Gentex International 310 Trauma Management Training Services 315 Henry’s 202 Uniform Uniforms 605 VisionSphere Technologies Inc Whelen Canada 113 Hi-Tec Intervention Inc 404 Voice IQ Innovative Security Solutions Inc 611 Xenex Software Inc 208 Ion Track Instruments 504 KCS Kidd Cleaning Services 601 Lloyd Libke Police Sales 402 Maritime Services 412 Martin & Levesque \ Blauer 400 Matte Industries 211 M D Charlton Co Ltd C, 302 Multi-Trek Safety & Rescue Training 313 Nelson Thomson Learning 106 Nine-One-One Outerwear 409 O.P.S. Inc (Ontario Police Supplies Inc) E Outdoor Outfits 112 Pacific Safety Products Inc A Panasonic Canada Inc D

RESPONSE 2001

LeParc Conference Centre 8432 Leslie Street, Markham ON Canada

April 24, 2001 0900 to 1700 April 25, 2001 0900 to 1600 Registration Pickup your FREE pre-registration badges at the door

To pre-register fill out the card attached to this issue of Blue Line Magazine, or check the web page at www.blueline.ca or call 905 640-3048 Non-registered guests pay $10.00 admission at the door.

April 2001 28 Blue Line Magazine Blue Line Magazine is pleased to present its fifth annual trade show designed specifically for buyers and sellers of law enforcement goods and services. This year’s event features companies, individuals and organizations with a keen interest in showing and demonstrating what they have to improve the day to day operations of officers and civilians engaged in this noble task. Whether you are involved in public or private law enforcement initiatives or simply have an interest in what is new in the field you will find Response Trade Show to be a worthwhile event to attend. Emerging Technologies The Emerging Technologies section of the Response Trade Show is a collaborative effort of the Canadian Police Research Centre (CPRC) with Blue Line Magazine. The intention is to provide a venue for new ideas and concepts to be shared with the end user and provides an opportunity for evaluation and feedback as to the utility of such new ideas. The CPRC is a partnership between the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP), the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the National Research Council (NRC) Canada and is staffed by personnel from the RCMP and NRC. Its structure and terms of reference allow it to deal effectively with police equipment and information research, development and evaluation. The CPRC has a national focus, a single coordinated effort to support research and develop technologies for Canada’s law enforcement community, and it promotes interaction between the police community, government, industry, universities and other research organizations. The CPRC provides "technology partner" evaluation services to Canadian police agencies, participating government agencies, security firms, and Canadian industry.

The third aspect to the Response Trade Show is the Blue Line Symposium. This year Blue Line Magazine presents two parallel courses spanning two days. Course One is a two-day course on Investigative Interviewing by renowned author and presenter Gord MacKinnon. Course Two is a two- day course presented by Murray Firth on Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. Both of these courses are certificate level courses. EXHIBITORS

Advantage Internet Software pendent test facility, recongized by the Stand- ing and sound products, will be introducing it’s Solutions Inc ards Council of Canada, with a competent bal- new D-TECH light bar to the Canadian market- Exhibit 401 listics lab. They have conducted many National place, at this year’s RESPONSE 2001 trade Our flagship product “CasePrep” is a compre- Institute of Justice verification tests on both show. Advanced technology, borrowed from the hensive, easy to use Windows program that old and new armour for Canadian manufactur- NASA space program, has helped Code 3, cre- effortlessly manages the creation of essential ers and police agencies alike for over 20 years. ate the first real advancement in Police lighting crown brief documents. Saving officers “hours” in forty years. of work, it cuts down on overtime and saves Call Center Products - money! Features include an intuitive TreeView “The Headset Doctor” Cogent Systems Inc interface similar to Windows’ Explorer, simpli- Exhibit 414 Exhibit 609 fied wizards, unlimited charges or forms capa- The largest selection and choice of headsets in Cogent Systems, Inc. offers the most accurate, bilities, password encrypted crown brief files, Canada! Choose from over 80 models of head- advanced - yet mature Automated Palm and Fin- and the most current Forms of Charges from sets for almost every imaginable application gerprint Identification System (APFIS) in the Martin’s Annual Criminal Code. An extensive including, wireless and Bluetooth products. world. array of Search Warrants, Release Documents Also available recording and monitoring devices, Cogent’s fully integrated software-based so- and Notices makes this package irresistible! In teleconferencing units, ACD reader boards, lutions operate on industry-standard UNIX and use since 1996, CasePrep continues to outper- workstation cleaners and much more for your Windows NT platforms. Our guiding develop- form anything on the market today! It’s worth call center. From repairs to spares to gently ment principles include interoperability and cost every penny! used headsets, our service cannot be beat! We reduction. As a result clients benefit from both offer onsite demonstration and evaluation of price and performance improvements in the Alcom / Clearnet products for your convenience. Visit our com- marketplace. Exhibit 512 pletely new e-commerce website Today, Cogent is a global technology pro- On display will be the Mike Network and www.headset.com vider for law enforcement agencies at local, Clearnet PCS. state, federal and national levels. Customer sites Canadian Law Enforcement range in size from 20 thousand to 4.5 million AnyTrack Solutions Training (RCMP) records including the US INS, Ohio State BCI&I, Exhibit 317 Exhibit 403 and New Scotland Yard. AnyTrack Solutions offers a complete turnkey Canadian Law Enforcement Training is a unit of solution for fixed and mobile applications for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The unit’s Command System Inc (CSI) Public Safety, Anti-theft, Commercial and Pri- mission is to provide the highest quality of train- Exhibit 101, 103 vate fleets, Transit, SCADA, and Telemetry. The ing to outside law enforcement agencies via ex- CSI is a software and system technology com- AnyTrack solution is a comprehensive tool ena- perienced, professional trainers, and state of the pany providing management support applica- bling monitoring, tracking, routing, reporting and art methodology, facilities and technology. tions for military and public safety agencies. managing of all your vehicles or assets. We are dedicated to meeting the individual Sentinel Law Enforcement provides increased Our technology integrates Mobitex, needs and budgets of agencies world-wide. We situation awareness using GPS and graphical Microburst or Satellite platforms which allows are prepared to work with these agencies to do mapping. Call takers and dispatchers have the dispatchers, supervisors, managers, and even the a needs assessment and customize a course to tools to effectively manage calls for service and public to see the current position and status of suit their unique training requirements. The efficiently assign them to units. With Sentinel assets from remote locations on computer dis- unit operates on a cost recovery basis, which running on laptops in vehicles, supervisors and played maps via our client or web-based track- enables organizations to get the maximum value officers in the field have the same situation pic- ing software. for their training dollars. ture as well as electronic report preparation and distribution. With Sentinel, critical decisions at Bodycote Ortech Code 3 Public Safety Equipment all levels may be made quickly, intuitively and Exhibit 303 Lobby correctly. Sentinel is a complete police opera- Bodycote Ortech in Mississauga, is an inde- Code 3, the leader in emergency vehicular light- tions management system—from one vendor.

April 2001 29 Blue Line Magazine Crime Scene Law Enforcement Gentex International end user in mind with simple cost effective Exhibit 310 Supplies equipment. We continually upgrade and develop Exhibit 406 GENTEX is a developer and manufacturer of new products in conjunction with profession- protective products for police, military and ci- Crime Scene services and supplies all your als who know the dangers first hand. emergency and law enforcement needs. With vilian markets worldwide. Through innovative Come and see our line of products at Re- design engineering and close customer support, over 15 years of knowledge and experience be- sponse 2001. We will be exhibiting, robotic hind our staff we can answer all your ques- we maintain a leadership position in all of our manipulator, mobile robot, quality telescopic, product lines. Products include communications tions, and provide you with the best quotes search mirrors, EOD dual Crimper, shock tube and prices in Ontario. We provide uniforms, and ballistic protective helmets, engineered coated cutter, non-magnetic tools, NEEDS breaching woven fabrics such as Chemical Defense and security and police equipment ranging from system, and single and dual initiators. protective vests to footwear. Lori Allard heads aluminized textiles, aviator helmets, oxygen our staff to ensure you that your needs are met masks, electret microphones and testers, light Essential Service Providers and understood! vehicle intercom systems, and a range of ballistic Exhibit 305 and laser eye protection devices. Gentex has also Essential Service Providers of Canada (ESP) Crown North America integrated devices into protective ensembles for want to mind the needs of your business. Pro- Lobby Exhibit soldiers and aviators. Founded in 1892, the com- viders of Transportation Logistics, Freight For- Crown North America has begun full-scale pro- pany remains privately held. duction of its innovative Interceptor Police Prep warding, Toll Free and Long Distance Discount Package. Packages, High Speed DSL Internet Access Henry’s The factory-warranted prep package pro- (where available) and Electricity and Natural Exhibit 202 vides a solid foundation for equipping vehicles Gas Price Protection Discount Programs; we Henry’s is Ontario’s Imaging Solutions Provider. for police department use, including front and take care of these essential services so that you Our Commercial Sales Department has six dedi- rear accessory power control centres, front-to- can take care of your business. With a com- cated staff who will help evaluate your needs rear isolated wiring harness and accessory wire bined experience of over 30 years of entrepre- and provide sharp pricing on your equipment conduit, a strobe flasher lighting package, front neurial endeavours, the principals of this com- and consumable needs. Representing all of the console mounting platform, and rear trunk slid- pany want to put the “service” back in “cus- premium brands for photography, video and ing storage tray and storage boxes. Law enforce- tomer service”. Visit our booth and sign up for digital imaging, Henrys’ Commercial Sales De- ment agencies can now specify the Interceptor both residential and commercial discount pro- partment has developed strong relationships Prep Package as an individual factory option grams. Wouldn’t it be nice to have a little ESP with law enforcement, investigation and secu- on Crown Victoria Police Interceptor models. in Your Business? rity communities. No obligation quotes and Canada-wide shipping. Deister Electronics Inc Federal Auction Services Exhibit 301 Exhibit 405 Hi-Tec Intervention Inc Deister Electronics provides a comprehensive Federal Auction Service Inc has been coordinat- Exhibit 404 range of Guard Tour and Electronic Verification ing and conducting successful, lucrative auctions Hi-Tec Intervention is specialized in design, Systems, with 10 software packages, 6 data across Canada for close to a decade. Based in fabrication and sale of nylon duty belts and collector models and 3 options of checkpoint Brampton, Ontario, Federal Auction Service un- accessories for police officers. Our products types (magnetic, proximity & bar code). Ap- derstands the Canadian auction marketplace and are 100% made in Canada, allowing high qual- plications include security patrol, weapons con- specializes in matching goods with markets. ity, unbeatable prices and shipping time that trol and evidence tracking. For the ultimate in Federal Auction Service’s most recent ven- meet your highest expectations. Our product personnel safety, Deister can also supply “Real ture is the creation of a seized goods auction line also covers all accessory needs for K9 units, Time” systems. These systems are interfaced model for law enforcement agencies which is dog and handler. Many prestigious agencies in with 2-way radios which provide both emer- based on our ability to “optimize the market- Canada and USA are choosing Hi-Tec Interven- gency/panic alarm and man-down alarm options. place.” Federal Auction Service’s experienced tion when they need special attention to qual- Deister’s full product range of Security and Elec- staff knows the markets and the buyers, and by ity and detail. Come and compare! tronics systems includes, Guard Tour Verifica- placing the right goods in the right market, Fed- tion Systems, Proximity and BioProx Access eral Auction Service is able to obtain high dollar Innovative Security Solutions Inc Exhibit 611 Control readers and cards, vehicle immobiliza- figures for seized goods. tion, computer security and encryption devices, Innovative Security Solutions Inc is a leading security product and services provider serving fixed asset and check in/out software. Flying Cross by Fechheimer the needs of Financial Institutions, Government Exhibit E and High Risk Industrial clients. We are an in- Draeger Flying Cross by Fechheimer offers complete Exhibit 503 ternational service provider with sales and serv- in-stock line of quality union-made public safety ice capabilities nationwide, as well as the United Draeger Canada will feature products for alco- uniforms. Our products include shirts, trouser, hol detection, hazardous material handling, and States, the Caribbean and South America. Our tunics, outerwear, and complete bicycle patrol product range includes, safes, vaults, data secu- safety and rescue equipment. Draeger Canada uniforms. Flying Cross by Fechheimer’s is a leader in gas detection and respiratory pro- rity equipment, CCTV, access control and elec- Outerwear includes Gore-Tex garments offer- tronic locking systems. The I.S.S. Security Serv- tection equipment. ing waterproof, windproof and breathable Draeger’s tubes, CMS, portable monitors ices division offers consulting, engineering, de- heavy winter jackets and spring/fall lighter jack- sign, investigative services as well as armored and fixed gas detection systems detect many ets as well. We also offer sweaters with W L gases in various combinations. Draeger’s respi- car services. Innovative Security Solutions, Gore’s unique WindStopper lining transform- anytime, anywhere. rators range from cartridge respirators, SCBA’s ing an otherwise traditional military sweater into to four hour closed circuit oxygen apparatus. a breathable, windproof garment for superior Ion Track Instruments (ITI) wearer comfort. Visit Flying Cross by EOD Performance Inc Exhibit 504 Fechheimer for the latest in functional., stylish Exhibit 502 Ion Track Instruments is known worldwide for and high-quality garments in a variety of fab- EOD Performance specializes in EOD and Tac- its high-tech drug and explosive detection in- rics and colours designed specifically for law tical products. Our design and in-house manu- struments. For over 30 years, ITI equipment enforcement. facturing capabilities are focused towards the has been trusted to secure some of the most

April 2001 30 Blue Line Magazine prestigious and high-threat facilities and events areas with the PalmIRPro camera. Also, we are Nelson Thomson Learning in the world from terrorist attack. More recently, looking at the viability of developing a fixed Exhibit 106 with new breakthroughs in technology ITI de- wing and/or helicopter versions of these cam- Nelson Thomson Learning is pleased to announce tectors have become the weapons of choice for eras as well as bringing along a practical version that for the first time ever, we will be exhibiting customs and law enforcement agencies that in- for firefighter use. The possibilities of using our outstanding collection of police training and terdict drugs at ports, border crossing check- infrared is endless. reference materials at Response 2001. With some points and postal inspection facilities. of the best known authors in the industry in- Martin & Levesque \ Blauer cluding Gino Arcaro, Curt Griffiths and Rowland/ KCS Kidd Cleaning Services Exhibit 400 Bailey to name only a few, we are not only con- Exhibit 601 High Performance Uniform Outer Wear with fident that you will be impressed with the qual- KCS is Kidd Cleaning Services, a Bowmanville, Gore-Tex waterproof breathable liners, includ- ity and content of our resources, we know you Ontario-based specialized cleaning firm that ing jackets, overpants, and rainwear reversing will find materials to meet your present and up- deals with the worst cleanups imaginable. KCS to High Vis Yellow. New Croostech liner with coming professional development needs. Be sure is owned and operated by Keith Kidd, a serving NFPA 1999 blood born pathogen protection. to drop-by our booth. member of the Durham Regional Police Service. Sweaters with Gore-Tex Windstopper and fleece His unique service holds several Police agencies jackets reversing to High Vis Yellow. New Nine-One-One Outerwear across southern Ontario as clients who call regu- Luminight jacket with exceptional night time Exhibit 409 larly for biohazard cleanups in police cars, visibility. Nine-One-One, Canada’s premiere outerwear paddy wagons, holding cells and prisoner ar- New Martin & Levesque Hi-Tech collec- brand has been serving law enforcement, secu- eas. Police, along with funeral officials and Vic- tion duty belts and accessories made in Canada, rity and emergency services across North tim’s Assistance organizations also call KCS to exceptional durability and pricing. America for over 15 years. We are committed attend death scenes, where the cleanup process to manufacturing quality and construct our prod- should not be left to grieving family members Matte Industries uct line of the latest innovations in fabric and left behind. Call KCS 24 hours a day at (905) Exhibit 211 findings researched and tested to meet the per- 242-7411. The cartridges of conventional ball point pens formance expectations of customers and indus- are open to permit ink to be fed to the point. The try standards. Lloyd Libke Police Sales secret behind the Fisher Space Pen lies in the We invite you to stop by our booth #409 Exhibit 402 unique design characteristics of the ink and the at Response 2001 and see the latest in traffic Lloyd Libke Police Sales was established in high precision manufacturing tolerances of the jackets, bike suits, security jackets and to enter 1983. Owner Lloyd Libke has extensive experi- ball point and socket. The ink is fed to the ball our draw for 911 product. ence, both in Law Enforcement and in the field point by gas pressure permitting the pen to write of Firearms and Ammunition, having served 22 in any position. An additional benefit of the closed O.P.S. Inc years with the Royal Canadian Mounted Po- design is that it keeps the pen from drying out (Ontario Police Supplies Inc) lice and many years with Winchester Canada, giving the Fisher Space Pen an estimated 100 Exhibit E first as Product Service Manager and later as year shelf life. Due to its unique design and repu- 0.P.S. Inc. is an Emergency Response Supplier. Manager of Advertising and Public Relations tation for writing in extreme conditions the Space Our customers are Police, Fire, Private Security for Canada. When Winchester closed their Ca- Pen® has become the pen of choice for Law nadian Operation, Lloyd set up his Company and some Government agencies. 0.P.S. Inc. cov- Enforcement, Military, Astronauts, Tradesmen, ers these personnel from head to toe with only in order to supply Winchester products to Law Fire-fighters, Coast Guard and more. Enforcement agencies throughout Canada. Since the best brand name products on the market. 0.P.S. Inc. is the authorized dealer for Fly- Winchester is one of the leaders in research and M D Charlton Co Ltd production of ammunition both for sporting ing Cross by Fechheimer, Gold Star Shirts, Exhibit C, 302 Rocky Shoes & Boots, Canadian Body Armour, purposes and Law Enforcement, Lloyd is in a M D Charlton has been providing a wide range position to assist the police in procuring the Streamlight, Stop Stick Equipment, Raines Duty of top quality equipment to Canadian law en- Gear, ASP, Neese Rainwear, Forensic Crime best product for their particular requirements forcement agencies and security companies for and also to answer any questions concerning Scene Evidence Cover-ups, Biohazard Equip- the past 19 years. Featured will be Surefire flash- products on the market for police use. ment, Traffic Vests, to name a few of the prod- lights, ASP Expandable batons, Hatch gloves, uct lines. Hiatt handcuffs, and our custom leather/nylon Maritime Services Drop by Exhibit E. We would be glad to see accessories. Nine One One Outerwear prod- Exhibit 412 you, and show you the quality of our products. ucts will include outerwear, rain gear, bike suits, Maritime Services has been involved with the down-filled products and Nomex tactical suits. Raytheon thermal imaging systems since first Outdoor Outfits being introduced to the North American mar- Exhibit 112 Multi-Trek Safety & Rescue ketplace nearly seven years ago. The first two Outdoor Outfits has been manufacturing uniform Training fixed mounted infrared camera were fitted to outerwear since 1945. Over the past 56 years we the Canadian Coast hovercraft vessels located Exhibit 313 have earned a reputation for being one of the in Vancouver. Later on, these same models were Founded in 1982, Multi-Trek Safety and Res- leading quality manufacturers of Uniform fitted to police cars and police boats across cue Training is a Canadian owned and operated Outerwear. Our full line includes: Bomber Jack- Canada. The technology really took off with bilingual company which provides specialized ets - Spring / Fall Jackets - PROTEX - Water- the introduction of the handheld PalmIR 250 training, equipment and services to Law En- proof/Breathable garments - Raincoats -Parkas - series cameras. These are widely used all across forcement, Military and Rescue personnel. We Coveralls - Police Leather Jackets - Work Cloth- Canada by the various police services with great supply only the finest rappelling and rope ac- ing - All Weather Clothing - Rain Cap Covers. success. Environmental protection agencies cess & rescue equipment on the market from Currently we supply Police, Fire, Correc- such as wildlife management agencies, forest reputable manufacturers such as Bluewater, tional, Transit, Security, Public Works Depart- fire fighting, oil pollution, and others, have now Cancord, C.M.C., Esprit, Petzl, P.M.I., S.M.C., ments, Ambulance Companies and others. We taken up the use of these unique products for Surety, and Yates. Our training programs in- also supply all levels of government, Federal, the management of their particular portfolios. clude certificate courses in basic, advanced and State, Provincial, County and Municipal. Along In the future it is expected that Maritime Serv- instructor level Rappelling, Ascending, Rope with these we also supply many commercial ices will move ahead into the industrial resources Access, Rescue and Assault Techniques. accounts across Canada and the United States.

April 2001 31 Blue Line Magazine Pacific Safety Products Inc the leader in communication and tactical head- • The RRB empowers struggling officers rather Exhibit A sets. This leadership comes from a solid com- than frustrating them by eliminating their re- Pacific Safety Products Inc. currently manu- mitment to research and development that has liance on strength-based empty hand tech- factures and distributes three lines of body ar- helped build a product that is second to none. niques. mour under the Pacific Body Armour, Cana- New Product Highlight: Comtac - electronic • The RRB is the fastest drawing baton from dian Body Armour and AEGIS labels. headset for military, riot teams, swat teams. any position; We guarentee that! These products encompass a wide range of Offers both hearing protection, surround sound • The RRB is the only baton that can be used styles and features which include: - tactical and capability, interconnect with portable radios, effectively in close quarters confrontations. load carriage vests; - concealable and external boom mic or throat mic transmission, fits under • RRB is the first to offer Level I mechanical armour carriers; and - a wide range of tactical ballistic and military helmets. retention in a baton holster. clothing, duty rainwear, fire resistant clothing, Interested? Come see us at RESPONSE 2001, unloading stations, tactical pack and SWAT cot Police Artists Association of take the challenge and expand your options! and K-9 armour. Canada Pacific’s versatility also applies to our abil- Exhibit 200 R Nicholls Distributors Inc ity to provide you with the threat protection The Police Artists Association has been in ex- Exhibit B you require. Whatever the threat you are ad- istence for six years and has 25 active members For over twenty years R. Nicholls Distributors dressing, ballistic, stab or combination protec- who are employed by police services across has been distributing the most advanced law tion, Pacific will work with you to provide your Canada. Membership with no dues, is for any- enforcement products from Canada and around solution. one working in art, music, writing or any other the world. Whether it is firearms, ammunition, creative realm. The association has printed art vehicle products, clothing, tactical gear, night Panasonic Canada Inc work through sponsorship and donated freely vision or body armour, we have the experience, Exhibit D to police community programs across the coun- knowledge and training needed to help you make Panasonic has deployed over 25,000 rugged try for awareness programs for police helicop- an informed choice. notebook computers into law enforcement or- ters, Crime Stoppers nationally and internation- The R. Nicholls Police and Security Stores ganizations throughout North America. Our ally, as well as, to police associations for the were created as resources for local public safety top of the line CF-27 TOUGHBOOK can be Police Memorial and Chief’s of Police Confer- departments. These stores carry the duty gear, found in almost every major public safety or- ences, and Blue Line Magazine. This makes their uniform clothing and footwear, officers need. ganization in North America. Today, we offer motto: “benevolence in the community, not is- Amongst our full line of police products we a full range of rugged notebooks including the sues” a reality. latest upgrade to the CF-27 family of products, will be showing new products from Blackhawk The Police Artists Association will feature tactical gear, the all new line of Sure-fire tactical the CF-28. the limited edition work of Glen Loates, which For detailed information on our lineup of lights, Itasca Police boots and Traditions 4 cloth- was created for the Rotary Club of Scarborough. ing. notebooks, please visit www.pansonic.ca. Bet- The proceeds of the sale will assist in the Ro- ter yet, drop by our booth to see the latest CF- tary Club’s fundraising for the Rouge Valley Ron Cormier & Associates 28 and CFM-34 TOUGHBOOKS from Hospital system, the Scarborough General Panasonic. Exhibit 105 Hospital and the Rotary International to help On display will be discreet antennas, batteries eliminate polio from the World by 2005. To Pelican Products Inc (Canada) from Jbro Batteries, Inc., Instruments from become a member of the Police Artists Associa- EXTECH and a new line of intelligent battery Exhibit 201 tion of Canada email them at [email protected]. Pelican Products, Inc., (Canada) is the manu- chargers from Advanced Charger Technology (ACT). Wireless video equipment featuring facturer of the world’s toughest watertight pro- Police Ordnance Company Inc VIDEOCOMM TECHNOLOGIES line of 900 tector cases as well as manufacturing the most Exhibit 603 MHz and 2.4 GHz wireless video transmitters safety approved flashlight for hazardous loca- Police Ordnance is the world’s leading supplier and covert camera systems. This year we are tions in the world. Pelican’s law enforcement of less lethal weapon systems. We will show- joined by FloLite Industries presenting their flashlights, the Black Knight Series, has a wide case our complement of ARWEN Less Lethal new 3D camera system, Flexcam a portable range and different sizes of rechargeable avail- Weapons, from the ARWEN 37 to the ARWEN lightweight video inspection kit and Extendacam able with 100v transformer, 12v plug-in charg- ACE. As the only full line distributor in Canada ers, or, direct wiring rigs. The Xenon bulb in the for Combined Tactical Systems’ less lethal mu- a portable lightweight telescoping boom pole. Black Knight Series will penetrate snow, rain, nitions, we will have on display the CTS Flash fog and smoke. Belt holsters and traffic wands Bang and SuperSock beanbag rounds. Salient Manufacturing & Security available for most. Pelican cases will protect Police Ordnance is Canada’s leading Products sensitive police equipment such as weapons, GLOCK law enforcement distributor. We will Exhibit 304 ammunition, laptop computers, finger printing be presenting the full range of GLOCK pistols Salient Manufacturing & Security Products Inc. kits, drug testing equipment, intoximeters, as- from the GLOCK 17 to GLOCK 36. Also see has expanded their line of tactical equipment to sault evidence cases, forensic equipment the FSS-G, which transforms any GLOCK to a complement their current line of tactical search defibrillators, crime scene photo cases, and many select fire pistol. Other attractions will include mirrors and dynamic entry equipment. New other applications. Cases available with pick the Bushmaster XM15-E2S rifles, Gemtech this year is The Portable Distractor, Pole Cam n’pluck foam, or with padded dividers, or sound suppressors, Tibor Tactical Slings, and Series 9000 and the Reverse Door Viewer. empty. Lid organizers available as an option. Trijicon sights. The Portable Distractor is a unique extend- All 17 cases sizes can be secured with locks. able and portable pole enabling tactical units to Unconditional lifetime guarantee on all lights Rapid Rotation Baton Canada conduct breach procedures and deployment of and cases. See us at Booth 201 (RRB) diversionary devices where height poses inac- Exhibit 108 cessibility. Peltor Communications Welcome to what we call the ‘ReEvolution’ of The Series 9000 Pole Cam is a compact, Exhibit 203 the law enforcement impact tool. The Rapid telescoping video system designed for rapid de- Peltor has been a leader in Communication Tech- Rotation Baton is the first impact tool to ad- ployment and tactical reconnaissance. The nology for over 40 years. We are one of the dress the following issues surrounding currently Reverse Door Viewer is an optical system de- oldest and most trusted names in the safety pro popular impact tools and their respective train- signed to permit reverse surveillance through a ducts industry. Peltor has long been considered ing programs: door viewing lens.

April 2001 32 Blue Line Magazine Saucony Canada Stop Tech Ltd Visit our booth and become a member. We Exhibit 204 Exhibit 509 are giving away 3 month memberships for free Saucony, known as one of the leaders in the ath- The Stop Stick family of tire-deflation devices to the first 100 applicants ! letic running and walking shoe industry, has a are used to stop/prevent high speed pursuits. long history of making footwear - since 1898 in Engineered to deflate tires without blow-out, Trauma Management Training fact. There are several attributes that have made teflon-coated quills act as valves, releasing air Services Ltd (TMTS) Saucony great, such as fit and technology - a at a safe controlled rate. The entire family of Exhibit 315 narrow heel helps prevent heel slippage and a Stop Stick tire deflators represents an excel- Trauma Management Training Services are the wide, deep toe box accommodates orthotics eas- lent, non-lethal force capability with proven “trauma education specialists”. If you have dis- ily and allows for unrestricted forefoot move- operational flexibility. aster recovery teams, are Law Enforcement Pro- ment. Grid, our premier technology, combines fessionals, TMTS is a BONUS for teaching pro- stability and cushioning by cradling the heel on Tele-Find impact much like a trampoline. For Response active and reactive trauma education to organiza- Exhibit 307 tions before, during and after a crisis situation. 2001 we will be featuring the athletic shoes and Tele-Find is a Medical Support System that Spotbilt, a collection of walking and duty shoes. TMTS products include training videos such as takes the concept of the Medic Alert Bracelet “Officer Down” showing law enforcement audi- Spotbilt shoes feature the finest full-grain leather to new heights. Incorporating the technology uppers with compression molded EVA midsoles ences how to minimize the emotional impact of advancements of AT&T communications and a critical incident and stresses the importance of to improve cushioning and are available in large Interactive Voice Response Operators, any sizes (up to 15) and multiple widths (up to 4E). providing a supportive work environment and emergency care giver can immediately and au- helps in the training and developing of peer sup- tomatically be connected to your important port teams. Just one of our award winning vid- Second Chance Body Armor medical information. Within 5 minutes of call- Exhibit 500 eos. Our workshops are customized to accom- ing a toll-free number, they will: modate any organization. Ask about our training Featuring the new Ultima Level II soft body armor, • hear a personal message recorded by you 37% lighter than previous technology, wrapped videos and other exciting products! • be prompted to supply a fax location where in Gore-Tex Comfort Cool pad covers. Lightest, your pertinent medical history will be sent thinnest, most comfortable Second Chance vest. Uniform Uniforms • automatically be put in touch with your next Monarch Level II+P+ vest with the addition Exhibit 605 of kin of anti-puncture layers wrapped in Gore-Tex Our rapidly expanding company has been serv- • be asked to leave a message that will be re- Comfort Cool pad covers. icing North America and their uniform needs trieved by your next of kin when they be- New Second Chance Under Armor t-shirts for over 10 years. Mike James, owner and pro- for exceptional moisture wicking after high aero- come available. Find out how to be in control of a future medi- prietor has been providing quality Uniforms bic activity associated with law enforcement and great service to an ever increasing amount demands. cal emergency by visiting our booth at Re- sponse 2001. of satisfied customers. Our Uniforms are all Canadian-made products and most are manu- Special Electronics & Designs Inc Tetratec PTFE Technologies Inc factured in our own factory to ensure quality Exhibit 501 workmanship. We pride in our excellence and If you need communication or surveillance equip- Exhibit F Tetratec PTFE technologies Incorporated is a our reputation has spread from coast to coast ment, we’re the people to come to. Special Elec- as the leading manufacturer and provider of tronics & Designs Inc, has been providing equip- manufacturer of Tetratex PTFE membranes and laminates. Celebrating the 20th anniversary, a uniforms for the work force. ment for police, tactical and rescue applications We look forward to your inquiries and hope for over 30 years. We offer solutions for law worldwide supplier of waterproof/breathable textiles and custom lamination to the Military/ to service your Uniform requirements in the enforcement including surveillance equipment and near future. hearing protection. Our Rescom® system incor- Police, Firefighter, Industrial, and Recreational porates a life safety rope and our Rescom® 2 TM markets. Whelen Canada includes video feedback. With Rescom® 2TM those on the outside have the benefit of video monitor- The Current Corporation Exhibit 113 ing the situation on the inside. Nothing is more Exhibit 300 Whelen Canada designs and manufactures state- important than clear, effective, reliable commu- The Current Corporation is a specialized dis- of-the-art visual and audible warning equipment nication in critical situations. Let Special Elec- tributor of Gen III head mount monoculars and including strobe and halogen lightbars, L.E.D. tronics & Designs Inc. solve your communica- binoculars, cameras and night navigation sys- undercover products, motorcycle warning lights, tion needs! tems along with night vision technology. The beacons, power supplies, sirens and secondary Current Corporation distributes six-million can- lighting products. Installation is available. Starfield Safetywear dlepower hand-held searchlights and vessel Manufacturing mounted environmentally houses xenon search- Xenex Software Inc Exhibit 104 lights with a 1 1/2 mile white light beam or a Exhibit 208 Starfield Safetywear is a Canadian manufacturer 2000-metre infrared beam. ComputerCOP ProfessionalTM disk examination of protective clothing. We have been manufac- software facilitates quick and easy computer turing our products at our Toronto plant for The Quartermasters Warehouse / searches and evidence collection by probation almost 20 years. Virtual Depot officers, parole officers and private investiga- Starfield Saterywear has been privileged to Exhibit 306 tors while in the field. service the needs of police departments and fire The Quartermasters Warehouse Inc., is proud ComputerCOP ForensicTM disk examination departments around the country. We manufac- to introduce The Virtual Depot, an Internet Site, software is designed for detectives, investiga- ture clothing in both flame retardant and non devoted to making the best equipment available tors, and computer forensic professionals of flame retardant materials. Starfield safetywear to all those involved in the safety of our com- law enforcement agencies. This software oper- manufactures clothing of the highest quality and munities. Member agencies can source needed ates from an investigator’s computer and are fully complaint with all the current safety equipment and clear out surplus inventory. searches the suspect computer via a propri- standards for protective clothing. Starfield also The Virtual Depot is located at etary parallel link and provides a before-and- offers an open door policy to all our customers www.virtualdepot.org and is host for buyers after MD5 hash value for each of the suspect and potential customers. If we are not already and sellers of surplus Law Enforcement Equip- computer’s hard drives, thereby demonstrating servicing your department we would look for- ment, Fire Fighting Equipment and Emergency that no changes were made to the suspect com- ward to adding you to our growing list of satis- Services Equipment. Our databases contain puter during the search. fied customers. Call us at 1-800-473-5553 or products in inventory at agencies throughout Both products are available through the Ca- 416 789-4354. the world that have become surplus. nadian distributor, Xenex Software Inc.

April 2001 33 Blue Line Magazine The National Research Council in conjunction with the Canadian Police Research Centre EMEREMEREMERGING TECHNOLOGIESOGIESOGIES

PS3 Initiative tion of the following services: guards, mobile viewed on any monitor or a direct link to a PC This initiative is a project of the Canadian patrols, key holder maintenance, security in- via a USB port. The camera’s primary function Police Research Centre. PS3 will be a research vestigation, CCT, card access, and video pa- is a stand-alone device, but also has the capabil- and development (R&D) co-operative devel- trols. ity to integrate with other security devices such oping, testing and providing new public safety Inner-Tec Security has a system to assist in as alarms, door and window contacts and N/O - information technologies, services and products. the apprehension of thieves who have been N/C contacts. With this integration, the camera The delivery of these public safety information burglarizing private property. A transmitter can will record events either via PIR motion detec- technology (IT) solutions together with long be easily concealed in a baited item. The signal tor or from other external alarm contacts. As distance training will be delivered over a secure it emits can then be tracked using the receiver well, the camera has an extra video input jack so application service provider for the benefit of and antenna system. The thieves can be appre- that an additional video camera may be inte- all law enforcement agencies. See what it is all hended and the property recovered. grated with the unit. about and be prepared to give your thoughts Digital Video Recorder: Presently under and suggestions. LiveWires Design Ltd development, we are bringing to the security LiveWire Design has just launched the in- market – the next generation Digital Video Re- AutoVu Technologies Inc ternational version of Missing, an education kit corder. This unit will have the capability of 30 AutoVu Technologies has developed the that warns about predators who use the Internet frames per second per camera and bring to the world’s first Mobile License Plate Recognition to lure children into sexual encounters. Last year, market a true real-time DVR in both recording (MLPR) solution designed to read license plates 10,000 copies of the original version of the game and viewing. The first unit with be in the form from a moving vehicle. were shipped to schools and libraries across of a 4 channel video input with future expan- Capturing up to 1000 vehicles per hour, Canada. The new kit includes a training pack- sion slots to convert into either 8 or 16 channel AutoFind integrates LPR and global position- age with a video and four slide shows that po- capabilities. The unit itself will have the ability ing systems (GPS) to read license plates, record lice officers can use to deliver public presenta- to record both video and audio simultaneously the vehicle’s position and store all pertinent tions on Internet safety. for full playback feature. Future development information in its on-board computer. will integrate the DVR with internet connec- AutoFind will identify vehicles that have P-CELL tion for remote viewing and file management. been parked for longer than the maximum allot- P-CELL is a vehicle based intelligent haz- ted time, and match vehicle plate reads against a ard warning, theft prevention and interception VisionSphere Technologies hot-list database comprised of scofflaws and system designed to do the following: warn mo- FaceCam integrated with UnMask, stolen vehicles, as well as those registered to torists of unseen road hazards – accident scenes, VisionSphere’s face recognition software, is a known criminals, alerting the patrol officer school buses loading or unloading, railway layered biometric face recognition device. De- when a wanted vehicle is detected. crossings, emergency vehicles, road condition; signed and built for secure access applications, reduce vehicle thefts by 90% or more; stop high- FaceCam has been configured to provide online Future Developments Ltd speed chases – P-CEL can stop any pursuit in identification for police identification applica- Future Developments is a specialty Obser- less than ten seconds with no harm to vehicle or tions. vation and Surveillance Equipment and Re- occupants; remotely stop vehicles attempting Using the user’s facial features, this inte- sources design house. All of our equipment is to run road blocks, checkpoints or border cross- grated product verifies the identity of the user created as a result of requests, input and sug- ings; and remotely stop vehicles suspected of seated at a computer workstation and main- gestions from agents in the field. We either take carrying explosives or weapons. tains authorized access to applications and data existing devices and reconfigure or integrate them stored on the workstation or on the to develop superior products or we create com- Pine Tree Law Enforcement workstation’s servers. Its Me consists of pletely new products, as the opportunity arises. Products UnMask, integrated with VisionSphere’s inter- We expect to bring to the Response Trade Show The less-than lethal power punch sock active camera. samples of unique surveillance products includ- round 12 gauge & 37/40 mm was developed to ing the latest in extended head cams (should overcome the shortcomings of conventional VoiceIQ have night vision ex-head cams available by then), bean bag ammunition. Specialized material de- VoiceIQ, is a Canadian company with shirt cams, sunglasses cams, personal monitor sign is used to minimize penetration generally strong ties to our Justice system, courts, and glasses with custom upgrades including night associated with bean bags. This round remains the business community. The products en- vision cabability, the new tac cam, pager cam, in a more aerodynamic design due to its 6” tail. hance productivity of Law Enforcement Of- cell phone cam as well as some very unique This design virtually eliminates missed target ficers and civilians working in fraud detection environmental props. Research and develop- zones. and crime prevention. We offer integrated ment continue to be a major component in our voice systems, replacing keyboards as input company. Polar Digital Technologies to computers, to mine voice and data files or Digital Security Camera: This is the combi- databases for patterns, keywords, and mean- Inner-Tec Security nation of a motion video camera with PIR mo- ings. Input and output of searches can be via At Inner-Tec, the goal is to provide the best tion detector and Advanced Motion Detection voice, fax, or text. possible investment in asset and property pro- Algorithm (AMDA), incorporated into a com- Applications include voice access to pro- tection. We do a complete and thorough analy- pact intruder detection system. With MJPEG cedures manuals, voice support (input and out- sis of your entire property reviewing security compression the camera has the ability to store put) for patrol officers, transcript searches for and safety risks. Inner-Tec develops a tailor- thousands of images in its FLASH memory. key words or meanings and automatic e-mail made security solution that effectively provides Enabling the camera to continuously record and fax responses. a fully-integrated, total security management events without the worry of exceeding the Our ability to detect patterns leads to ex- program that may consist of one or a combina- memory storage. Images can be retrieved and ceptional success in solving white-collar crime.

April 2001 34 Blue Line Magazine Two courses will be offered to law enforcement personnel at the Blue Line Symposium. Each of the courses will be covered over two days, providing in depth training, and certification. Space is limited, and seats will be reserved on a first-come, first-served basis.

Course One Traffic Controller. Murray holds an Advanced Crisis Intervention Strategies for personnel im- Investigative Interviewing Fire Protection Technology Diploma from the pacted by traumatic stress; emergency service Techniques Ontario Fire College and is certified by the workers such as police, military personnel, and April 24, 9-5 p.m. and April 25, 9-4 p.m. Ministry of Health as an Emergency Medical chaplains; incident commanders, CISM team Course Outline: Care Assistant. Murray has been actively in- members, sex crime investigators. Day One: volved in the delivery of Critical Incident Stress Part One Management education and services for the last Space for these courses is limited. • Types of Witnesses and Witness Psychology 10 years and was Ontario’s first CISM Pro- For further information call; • The Law Relating to Interviews (Case Law gram Coordinator. 905 640-3048 or and the Charter) Who Should Attend: Email: [email protected] • Important Legal Concepts for the Interviewer Any person who wishes to know more about • The “Non-Accusatory Interview Technique” Part Two • The Mechanics of the Interview • Detecting deception • The Essential Steps • Verbal Signs of Deception • Tactics for Overcoming deception Day Two: • Using Tactics and Thematics • Dealing with Denials • Physical Indicators of Deception (includes body language) • Statement analysis ofwitnesses and accused • Conclusion and wrap up Presenter: Det/Sgt Gordon MacKinnon, with over thirty years of experience in law enforcement, has worked in a multitude of areas including uniform patrol and criminal investigations as well as spe- cialized in areas of underwater search and recov- ery, fraud investigation, and intelligence. He is an acclaimed lecturer in the techniques of Investiga- tive Interviewing and has taught officers of po- lice services across Canada, as well as being a course instructor at a community college. Who Should Attend: Uniform patrol officers, specialized police units, private investigators, any professional who must find the truth.

Course Two Critical Incident Stress Debriefing April 24, 9-5 p.m. and April 25, 9-4 p.m. Course Outline: Day One: • Nature and Types of Stress • Types of Critical Incidents • The Rescue / Responder Personality • Factors Which Influence Reactions to Criti- cal Incidents • CISM Continuum of Care and Types of In- terventions, the Debriefing Model Day Two: • Techniques of CISD - “hands on” Demon- stration • On Scene / Near Scene Services (the role of peer support) • Defusing • Demobilization • CISM Team Formation Issues Presenter: Murray Firth has been involved in emergency service work for nearly 25 years. He held posi- tions as Senior Fire Service Commander, and Staff Officer, Emergency Medical Attendant, and he worked for nearly 14 years as an Air For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 35 Blue Line Magazine Examining police pursuits Part I by Keith A. Gehrand

Police pursuits first became a topic of con- cern to the public and the police in the 1960s. Several influential groups became concerned with the effects of police pursuits and began a campaign against them. Both sides of the issue debated high-speed vehicular pursuits with rhetoric and unsubstan- tiated facts. The Physicians for Automobile Safety released a report in 1968 that shocked the public and the law enforcement commu- nity. They claimed that one in five pursuits ended in death, and 50 per cent of pursuits ended in serious injuries. Immediately after the anti-pursuit groups gave their version of the facts, the pro-pursuit camp - law enforcement - came out with their defence of pursuits based on a fear of increasing the number of accidents. Knowing who was correct was difficult. No scientific studies or empirical data were avail- THE CHASE: There are many questions surrounding police pursuits including when able on what was fast becoming a major con- to initiate them, when is the public at risk and who should be held accountable? cern for the police and public. to establish some form of operational defini- police vehicular pursuit is: “an active attempt What Is A Police Pursuit? tion that most parties will agree upon. by a law enforcement officer on duty in a patrol The first problem of analyzing a problem is One commonly accepted definition of a car to apprehend one or more occupants of a

April 2001 36 Blue Line Magazine moving motor vehicle, providing the driver of engage in activities such as police pursuits that such vehicle is aware of the attempt and is re- provide increased risks or thrills. sisting apprehension by maintaining or increas- Homant et al. (1994) further found in their ing his speed or by ignoring the law officer’s study of police officers that 90 per cent of the attempt to stop him.” respondents enjoyed the challenge of police By examining this definition we can see there work; with 84 per cent agreeing that a good is still a considerable amount officer had to be willing to of latitude on what is a ve- take chances. hicular pursuit. Some pur- “High-speed However, Homant et al. suits may consist of the pursuits are the found that despite police of- young driver who does not topic of ficers being thrill seekers, the want to be stopped by the occurrence of police pursuits police because he/she is out considerable was a complex construct and after curfew. The driver in- controversy in subject to several variables, creases the vehicle’s speed police organizations not just the thrill-seeking upon seeing the squad car and the public.” trait. lights and makes several Charles and Falcone quick turns after extinguish- (1992) found three factors ing the headlights. The officer pursues the which influence police officers engaging in po- young offenders and finds them parked along lice pursuits: the road several blocks away. • a well-articulated pursuit policy and proce- Other pursuits may be more dramatic such dure. as the ex-convict who is wanted on warrants • the amount of training in pursuit vehicle op- for a series of crimes and has vowed not to eration received by the officers. return to prison. Upon seeing the squad car’s • the command supervision of the department. red and blue lights he increases his speed and Each of these factors influenced the behav- begins to drive recklessly. The offender takes iour of police officers in high-speed vehicular the initial pursuing officer and 10 or so of his pursuits, despite their thrill-seeking traits. fellow officers on a 45 minute chase through Falcone (1994) found that an alarming three counties. The chase ends in a spectacular number of police agencies have established poli- accident where the ex-convict hurls his car into cies based on the assumption that disallowing another vehicle carrying a young mother and pursuits would encourage offenders to flee from two infant children, killing all three. the police, causing a breakdown in the deter- Both pursuits fit the operational definition rence value of the law. He further found that we have provided, but there are dramatic differ- continued page 38 ences between the two examples. One pursuit For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca ends quickly without injury or accident; the other involves a large amount of time, several squad cars and an accident that kills three inno- cent people. Westervelt College High-speed pursuits are the topic of con- siderable controversy in police organizations Excellence in Education Since 1885 and the public - in part because of the disparity of what a pursuit is and because of the conse- quences that can result from a high-speed chase. The public and the police often have very different viewpoints on the justification of pur- suits and the price they are willing to pay to apprehend criminal violators. “Pursuits have a cost attached to them and those costs include human suffering and a fi- Call Now nancial burden. Hundreds of thousands of dol- To Enrol lars have been awarded to plaintiffs seeking re- dress against a municipality for pursuit-related accidents” (Charles & Falcone, 1992, 69). There will always be some debate over the Police Foundations Training definition of a pursuit, but what is the attitude delivered in an intense one-year “Police Academy” environment of the police, and more importantly the public toward high-speed vehicular pursuits? Advanced status available to those with: • 1 or 2 years Law and Security Attitudes On Police Pursuits • 1 or more years University Police officers are concerned with high speed vehicular pursuits because pursuits are • Career related experience part of the occupational risks they expect. People who are risk takers or sensation seek- Westervelt College ers are often drawn to police work because of 1060 Wellington Road its inherent risks (Homant, Kennedy, & Teaching tomorrow’s professionals, today! London Ontario Howton, 1994, 213). Therefore it would be logi- N6E 3W5 cal to assume that police officers, by the nature (519) 668-2000 of their personality, would be more prone to Toll Free 1-877-668-2001

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 37 Blue Line Magazine some agencies have gone on record as stating Many believe the police are accountable for the that pursuits are worth the inherent risks they unfortunate consequences of the high-speed pose to public safety. pursuit. In fact Maury Hannigan, former commis- This often results in civil litigation and the sioner of the California Highway Patrol was plaintiffs will often sue those with the greatest quoted in Traffic Safety: “unless there is a com- amount of money. Violators often are poor and pelling reason not to pursue a suspect, officers unable to pay for damages. Police officers are have a moral obligation to do so” (Smith, 1993). public servants and typically do not have the Hannigan justifies his belief, saying “offic- financial resources to pay for the victim’s com- ers never know why they’re chasing or why pensation. Consequently police departments are they decided to run. Several mass murders, in- involved because they have the greatest finan- cluding serial killers Randy Craft and Ted Bundy cial resources from which the victim can be paid. were apprehended after pursuits that began for traffic violations” (Smith, 1993). Police Liability Falcone (1994) found similar beliefs in field “America has more lawyers than any civi- interviews conducted with police officers. lized country in the world. Americans are quick “Officers overwhelmingly responded that to sue when they feel they have been wronged. they believed a no-pursuit policy would result Capt. Keith Gehrand Police officers need to accept that lawsuits are in increased numbers of pursuits and attempts one of the occupational hazards associated with to elude” (Falcone, 1994, 148). ous criminals. The one conclusion reached by the job” (Barker, 1998, 23). Police officers are expected to enforce laws Homant and Kennedy (1994) was that attitudes Barker further states that the number of and serve the public interest. Officers are re- toward police pursuits are quite divided and lawsuits as a result of police pursuits fall im- quired to make split second decisions that of- their research provided no clear conclusions. mediately behind the number of lawsuits filed ten involve a balancing between enforcing the Homant and Kennedy (1994) also exam- because of the use of force by police officers. In law and protecting the public’s safety. How- ined the question of whether or not a no-pur- fact, Barker suggests that if an officer is in- ever, does the public see high speed vehicular suit policy would encourage motorists to flee volved in a police pursuit, or emergency re- pursuits the same way that police officers do? from police. Falcone (1994) found many police sponse where there is an accident involving in- Traffic Safety conducted a survey in Janu- departments have established policies on po- jury or death, they stand a better than 75 per ary 1993 on their reader’s attitudes about po- lice high-speed pursuits based on the beliefs cent chance of being sued (Barker, 1998, 23). lice pursuits. Generally, the readers who re- that people would be more likely to flee if they Police officers, by virtue of their sworn sponded did not think vehicular pursuits should knew the police would not pursue. duty and obligations, are in some circumstances be banned and respondents expressed the same In the work done by Homant and Kennedy, exempt from laws regulating the operation of concern for public safety if vehicular pursuits 75 per cent of the respondents stated they would motor vehicles, so long as that operation is done were banned. not be more likely to flee if a no-pursuit policy regarding the welfare and safety of others. When In the survey Traffic Safety found, “Eighty- was implemented and of the 15 per cent who a citizen perceives that an officer has been neg- seven percent of the respondents believe that stated they would be tempted, only four per ligent in performing his/her duties and has vio- eliminating pursuits would give criminals an cent strongly agreed that they would be tempted lated some statutory, civil or constitutional right unfair advantage. Some believed doing so would to flee. of an individual, then the citizen files a civil suit encourage criminals to flee” (Traffic Safety, No conclusive evidence either supporting against the officer and the department. The citi- 1993, 26). or discouraging high-speed police pursuits could zen is attempting to prove that the officer, and In their work, Homant and Kennedy (1994) be found. There is, however, considerable con- typically the police department, is civilly li- cited a study on public attitudes about police troversy on the issue especially when a police able; that the police have a legal obligation to pursuits from the late 1960s. In Fairfax County, vehicular pursuit results in the death of an in- compensate the person they have injured Virginia a study was conducted and one-third nocent third party. (Barker, 1998, 24). of the respondents did not favour police pur- When violators are injured because of a These private wrongs, or torts, are based suits. The same respondents overwhelmingly pursuit, many have no sympathy for them, on one of three categories: (62.8 per cent) supported the loss of license for believing that they got what they deserved. • Negligence - Unintentional torts caused by a a fleeing motorist. When an officer is injured from a pursuit, the departure from the duty to exercise due care. In their research on citizen attitudes toward public assumes it just goes with the job and is A person is liable if they should have antici- police pursuits Homant and Kennedy (1994) an acceptable risk. pated that their actions would result in an found that most respondents believed officers However, when an innocent motorist or injury. use good judgment; however, the respondents pedestrian is injured or killed, people look for • Intentional torts - The defendant deliberately thought pursuits should be limited to danger- someone to hold accountable for the incident. intends to injure another person, their prop-

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 38 Blue Line Magazine erty, or protected rights. business.... It may be stated broadly that the rior, the governmental unit liability, does not • Constitutional tort - The defendant or agency tort of an agent is within the course of his em- apply. has failed to recognize and uphold the consti- ployment where the agent performing it is en- “A municipal corporation is not liable for tutional rights, privileges, and immunities of deavouring to promote his principals’ business the acts of its officers in attempting to enforce others. without the scope of the actual or apparent police regulations, nor is it liable for the wrong- In addition to the individual police officer authority conferred upon him for that purpose... ful or negligent acts of police officers while act- being sued, the plaintiff will also list as co-de- The tortuous conduct of the agent must be com- ing in the performance of public duties” (Ludes, fendants the city, police chief and immediate su- mitted in the course of the agent’s appointed 1997, 77). pervisors of the accused officer. They often list duties, to render the principal liable or be of the Police officers are generally recognized as the police department and the local unit of gov- same general nature as those so authorized or enforcing state laws and their powers are ernment as co-defendants because of a practice be incidental to the authorized conduct” granted from the state government to the city called “deep pockets” - the plaintiff will include (Ginnow, 1997, 283). as a convenience for regulating public conduct. in the suit those with the largest amount of money In short, the states do not have the capacity to to cover the financial compensation sought. establish a single police force to govern the Often the defendant will be insolvent, or at “In addition to the whole state. least lack sufficient funds to compensate the individual police officer States, through legislation, have empowered plaintiff for their injuries (Schwartz, 1996, being sued, the plaintiff local units of government to appoint police of- 1744). They hold units of government, police will also list as ficers to enforce the state enacted laws. There- executive officers and immediate supervisors co-defendants the city, fore, units of local government do not auto- liable from one of two legal doctrines, respond- police chief and matically assume liability for actions of its of- eat superior or vicarious liability. immediate supervisors ficers (Ludes, 1997, 77-78). Black’s Law Dictionary (1979) defines vi- of the accused officer.” Units of local government do, however, hold carious liability as “indirect legal responsibil- some accountability based on any special legis- ity; the liability of an employer for the acts of lative act or other special duty that has been an employee.” established. In other words if there is a law that Berringer explains the difference between This is not to say that employers, or prin- requires the unit of government to be account- the principle of vicarious liability and that of cipals, are totally accountable for the conduct able, liability attaches. In the latter case, if a respondeat superior; the latter being indirect of their employees. If the employee disobeys special duty has been established, then the gov- liability placed on a corporation, rather than on the express instructions of his employer, is act- ernmental unit is accountable. a person as with vicarious liability. Liability is ing outside the scope of their employment or is attached to a person (i.e., supervisor) when the no longer conducting business for the employer, supervisor fails to exercise proper control over the principal is no longer liable for the employ- Reprinted from Campus Law Enforcement the performance of his agent (Ginnow, 1997, ee’s conduct (Ginnow, 1997, 283, 288). Journal. Keith Gehrand is a captain with 423). Even when the tort, a civil wrong from When dealing specifically with governmen- the Illinois State University Police. which the court will provide a remedy (Black, tal bodies there are times that respondeat supe- 1979, 1355), is done in the absence of the supe- rior, or without the superior’s consent or knowl- edge, the supervisor can be held liable. The issue of vicarious liability is seen from Dalhousie University one of two schools of thought. The first school consists of those who see tort law as a means of Certificate in Police Leadership achieving various social goals, including the de- terrence of dangerous conduct. A minority of scholars comprise the second school of thought, “I have been involved with the program for two years now which would use tort laws as a means of correc- and it has helped me in re-assessing my goals and tive justice. meeting them. As a military policeman I, through this The fastest growing category of tort actions program, have achieved a higher level of professionalism being brought against the police is negligence. that I am able to pass on to my peers.” Franklin (1993) states that for negligence to be shown, four conditions must be met. First, a Courses in this unique distance education program include: duty or obligation under the law must be present. > Police Leadership and Management Development Second, that duty must have been broken or > Budgeting and Financial Management for Police Services they must demonstrate a breach of duty. Third, > Police Human Resource Management there must have been some injury to the plain- > Legal Issues in Policing tiff. The injury may take the form of actual > Policing and the Law of Human Rights physical injury or economic injury. Finally, the > Community-Based Policing plaintiff must demonstrate that the breach of > Problem-Oriented Policing MCPL. Frank Grosspietch duty must have caused the injury by the de- > Communication Skills for Police Personnel CFB Comox, BC fendant, either as direct cause or as an interven- > Advanced Police Leadership ing cause. > Managing Police Performance: Coaching Skills * (includes a 3-day workshop) Franklin (1993) defines a direct cause as “the active motion of chain of events that cre- If you would like more information or wish to have a brochure mailed to you please ate the injury.” Franklin further defines an in- contact Sherry Carmont-MacBean, Program Manager at (902) 494-6930. You may also tervening cause as when the defendant causes write to Sherry via e-mail at [email protected] or to the address below. Detailed information one chain of events to occur, and other events and registration forms can also be found on our web site. occur that lead to injury to the plaintiff. For vicarious liability to attach the main Henson College, Dalhousie University question becomes, “Was the act done in the 6100 University Avenue course of the agency and by virtue of the au- Halifax NS B3H 3J5 Learning Solutions thority as agent with a view to the principal’s www.dal.ca/~henson/police/indexcpl.html for a Changing World

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 39 Blue Line Magazine Law enforcement and the fifth estate The thin line between the police and media by John M. Muldoon

In the fall of 2000, Bedford Communica- tions International and Blue Line Magazine con- ducted a national mail-in survey with police and media to determine the state of police/me- dia relations in Canada. Using two distinct sur- veys — one for the media, one for the police — each covered areas specific to each. Detailed results were produced for both the police survey and the media survey. The re- sults were published in the February and March issues of Blue Line respectively. This month we ask, “What does it all mean?” Is it true “the media never give the police a fair shake” and “they’re out to get us?” The answer lies some- where in between. If ever there was a “thin line” between or- ganizations, the division between police and media would be it. Simply put, the police must uphold the law and maintain peace and good order. The media, through words and pictures, are responsible for telling the public what is happening in the community, their country, their world. Doesn’t that mean they need each other? Of course they do. It’s here that we be- gin our story. There were 27 major police services sur- veyed across Canada, with at least one munici- pality in each province. From the results given, COMMON GROUND: The police and media depend on facts, but for different reasons. they all indicated they have a good working relationship with the media. But, from the me- up their news from the news wire. The encour- visors didn’t answer media inquiries. Yet, the dia results, there were 16 per cent who indi- aging statistic is that almost one third of the media made numerous references to the fact that cated they didn’t have a good working relation- media surveyed have dedicated reporters cov- it is difficult if not impossible to get anyone ship. Not really a huge percentage, but when ering the police. This indicates a realization of after hours or on weekends. Here is a perfect compared with the 100 per cent response from maintaining relationships between the report- opportunity to fix a problem. the police, the media appear to have a different ers and the police liaison. Only 51.6 per cent of the media who re- outlook in many areas. The police indicated in their responses that sponded said officers in their area understood When the results were examined, one indi- more than 70 per cent deliver the information the news needs as a reporter, photographer or cator showed that the media appear to have to the media via phone line and/or the Internet. broadcaster. The remaining media members said problems with the lack of “know how” in The media indicated that more than 60 per cent things like, “For radio, don’t understand that smaller police detachments. The lack of avail- of them get their first line of information from morning news means before 9 a.m. Often we ability of qualified spokespersons after normal news releases and electronic scanners. don’t get access until after 8 a.m.” Or “mostly business hours and on weekends was another There seems to be a discrepancy about how try to prevent us from doing our job unless area the media highlighted. Overall, only one the police deliver their occurrences. Obviously media person attends.” police service was rated very poor by the me- there needs to be a re-think by both the police We asked the police if they thought the lo- dia in the area of media relations. and the media on how the news is disseminated cal media were reasonable, balanced, fair and The insistence that the chief speak about and how it is received. A lot of time and re- ethical in their reporting. More than 79 per cent every issue seems to be relaxing. Only 10 per sources are spent by the police to get the news said yes and only 10 per cent said no. This cent of police services indicated that their chief out, while the media is listening to scanners/ would appear to indicate that for those police was the only spokesperson. Most major police police radio frequency in order to “get the pa- services who responded, there was a definite services now have dedicated media relations per out.” The technology is out there. By work- relationship building between the two areas. officers or civilian spokespersons. Some 45 per ing together, they can accomplish both goals. There is still much work to be done in edu- cent of the respondents designate an officer as More than 86 per cent of the police thought cating the police about what the media need to needed while 31 per cent allow anyone quali- the media understood how they operate, while make their story. Police have investigations, fied in the service to speak. The message that it only 50 per cent of the media indicated that victims and witnesses to protect. The media, is best to have a dedicated media relations of- news releases gave them sufficient information on the other hand, want all the facts to produce ficer seems to be working and the media indi- to prepare their stories. Could it be time to look the story. And they want it now. Here is the cated their appreciation of this. at how news releases are prepared? The fol- fine line. On the other side, only 32 per cent of the lowing comment from a media outlet tells the News conferences, it appears, are held for media have a dedicated reporter covering the story: “Our newsroom normally calls a spokes- the big stories, and only when required. The police, but all media indicated any reporter can person for further explanation.” What does that comments about them, from both sides, were deal with a police story. Because of tighter budg- tell you? Does the release say enough? very interesting. From the police, their com- ets, only 6.5 per cent of the respondents use About 59 per cent of police surveys showed ments were usually, “news conferences are held freelance writers, while 6.5 per cent usually pick their radio communications operators or super- to deal with major issues or to introduce new

April 2001 40 Blue Line Magazine programs.” From the media, their comments police have regular meetings to discuss con- said, “need French-speaking spokespersons;” cerns.” “very few (news conferences) and far between;” Different viewpoints, different responses. “often called to get media together all at once to When we started the survey, we said the im- avoid constant telephone calls;” and, “news portance of the survey can only be measured outlets pressure police until they hold a news by what each area will take away from the re- conference.” sults. We said “you be the judge.” The survey also touched upon training. This survey wouldn’t have been possible Sixty-five per cent of police responses said sen- 10 years ago, because most large Canadian po- ior officers and media relations officers who lice services didn’t have a dedicated media rela- spoke to the media were given formal media tions staff. The emphasis on good public com- relations training. About 14 per cent said no munication will continue to grow as the public formal training was given. What about the 21 continues to demand more news — faster, bet- per cent that didn’t respond? ter and with more pictures. Police media rela- The survey broke the training down into tions will become a more integral element in locations, i.e., Canadian Police College, provin- day-to-day policing and the relationship with cial training, National Defence, emergency pre- the media can only grow. paredness, community college, contracted me- The media will continue to be aggressive to dia training and in-house training. Why is there satisfy their insatiable need for news, pictures no one place in Canada to send police or appro- and sound bites. They will continue to develop priate civilians to be trained as media spokes- stories, be on the telephone, “in your face,” and persons? What are the standards and practices sometimes, a real pain. But their job depends being used at provincial facilities? on the police to provide the base information, No wonder there is a hodgepodge of re- the background and the responses to allow them sponses from the media across Canada. Every to build a story. police service seems to train differently. Every It’s a thin line for both the police and the application of the standards is different. Isn’t it media. time to have a prescribed set of standards for all media relations officers and spokespersons? Could it be time for a public information offic- John M. Muldoon, APR, is president and ers section supported by the Canadian Chiefs senior public relations counsel, Bedford of Police, similar to the International Associa- Communications International, and was the tion of Chiefs of Police? It’s something to think former director, public affairs, Peel Regional about. Police. He can be contacted at (905) 849- The most frustration voiced from the po- 8279 or e-mail: [email protected]. lice was that they have no trouble getting cov- For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca erage on major occurrences, but struggle to get positive coverage on crime prevention or com- munity initiatives. Soft news versus hard news EXPERIENCED POLICE OFFICERS has always been a frustration. The reality is the public wants to hear negative news. What is The Guelph Police Service needs experienced police officers to compliment our growing Service. The happening in my community? The soft news is city of Guelph is a unique community with something to offer everyone. good but it’s something that the public expects the police to do. And the media said that “soft • A vibrant, safe community of 107,000 people with entertainment, parks and trails for families. news” is readily provided by the police. It’s the • A world-class university and college with opportunities for continuing education. “hard news” stories they don’t volunteer. • Strategically located in south western Ontario between Toronto, Hamilton and Kitchener. From time to time you hear that some po- • Our Service started in 1827 and presently has 146 officers and 52 civillian members. lice services play favourites with certain report- • Excellent compensation package with a wage scale competitive with regional police services. ers and media outlets. From the survey, 68 per • We strive to provide the best equipment and training in the Province. cent of the media respondents said no, there • Direct entry up to Senior Constable with over 10 years of experience. was no favouritism, while more than 29 per • Annual leave commensurate with length of service as per the collective agreement. cent said yes. Comments ranged from “police Process absolutely do play favourites,” to “not a force- • Resume, Ontario Police College Basic Constable certificate, fitness pin for current year. wide policy, but individual officers certainly • Police training and educational certificates. do.” However, from these results, the majority • Provide two recent performance evaluations. of police services understand and operate with the premise of distributing news fairly and on Salary an equal basis. • Senior Constable presently earns $60,857.43 - July ,1 $61,040.01 Finally, both sides were asked to indicate • First Class Constable earns $59,958.06 - July 1, $60,137.94 what each would like to say to the other. Some police comments were, “Build trust and don’t The Guelph Police Service thanks all applicants and regrets that only those betray it. Understand we have a job to do.” selected for an interview will be contacted. “Listen to everything you are told and get clari- Interested experienced police officers are asked to submit a resume to: fication.” “(We) appreciate their business relies on speed — ours on facts and details. Two dif- Human Resources ferent approaches may clash on occasion.” Att: Recruiting/Training From the media, the message was, “Treat Guelph Police Service us in a fair, equal manner and give us informa- 15 Wyndham Street S. tion so we can inform the public.” “Don’t just Guelph, Ontario N1H 4C6 listen to our needs, address them.” “Media and

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 41 Blue Line Magazine Saskatchewan by Blair McQuillan and they were soon on their way. Jack could not find the women he was looking for, nor was he welcomed at his sister’s house when he The crash of ’29 put great economic strain stopped to visit early Sunday morning. After on many families across Canada. The Loran driving around Medicine Hat for a while, Jack family, who resided in Burstall, Sask., was no was offered money to drive three soldiers to exception. Due to the hardships that he and his Lethbridge. family faced, Joe Loran became a moonshiner On Sunday afternoon when Jack stopped in addition to his more honest occupation as a at a gas station to fill up the Ford in Bow Is- farmer. Joe Loran was a man who enjoyed drink- land, two RCMP officers arrested him. They ing. Unfortunately his son Jack also developed found the rifle still laying across the back seat a fondness for homebrew. and charged Loran with possession of a stolen Jack Loran was one individual who should vehicle and suspicion of murder. have abstained from drinking large quantities of Jack was transported to Leader, Sask., for alcohol, as it caused him to become rather ob- holding. He told police that Fred Flug, the shoe- noxious and aggressive. As a result of his liking maker in Burstall, had gotten him drunk and for liquor and fighting, Jack was not popular told him to rob Angerman. Flug was a known among the people of Burstall. bootlegger and Jack claimed that Flug was the Born Jacob Loran, Jack was the youngest man who murdered Angerman. of Joe and Eva Loran’s seven children. In 1910, “If Flug hadn’t given me that liquor I cer- the Loran family emigrated to Canada from tainly wouldn’t have done it. I certainly Russia and acquired a quarter-section of land wouldn’t have swiped the car, I mean. I’ve been on the outskirts of Burstall. drunk all day from the stuff he gave me. I would As was customary during the war, the citi- have gone to the cops myself and told them zens of Burstall spent their Saturday nights at everything after I sobered up.” the evening dance in the town hall on Main Flug was apprehended and later released Street. Jacob (Jack) Loran after producing a number of alibis who could It was Saturday June 29, 1945 and Jack verify that he was definitely not at the scene of Loran, 19, attended the dance. Jack loved to area. Gustav was a friend of the Loran family. the murder when it took place. It wasn’t until dance. However, Jack also loved to drink, and Together they had put in many hours of hard after consulting with a Roman Catholic priest as a result, arrived at the affair in a drunk and work to establish their respective homesteads. that Loran confessed to the murder. obnoxious state. However, Jack did not like Gustav. Soon Jack had two lawyers working on his During the Christmas season, six months Angerman had caught him drinking moonshine behalf, Murdoch Alexander MacPherson, Sr. and previous, Jack had begun to seek the affections once and alerted the police. As a result Jack was his son Sandy. of Alvina Hermann. Alvina was the 16-year-old fined $100. After conducting preliminary interviews daughter of an affluent neighbour and she did While stumbling into the farm house in the with Loran, Sandy realized Jack’s only chance not even hold the slightest interest in Jack. His early morning darkness Jack took note of a was to plead insanity. Loran didn’t seem to feel persistence, along with the calls he would make Browning repeater rifle on the back porch. Jack any remorse or see anything wrong with the on the farm house both day and night, angered picked up the gun and quickly decided to call horrendous crime he had committed. The the entire family. on Gustav. McPhersons knew they would face a number During the dance Jack drank himself into a Just before two o’clock Angerman heard of obstacles in their defence. foul mood. While the music played and every- someone banging on his window. After inquir- On November 20, 1945 the trial of Jack one around him was having a good time, Jack ing as to who was outside and receiving no re- Loran opened in front of Mr. Justice P.M. was sure he heard contemptuous voices speak- sponse, Angerman decided to investigate. Anderson and a packed courtroom. The pros- ing to him. The voices were telling him to go see “After he came out of the house I fired three ecutor was William Rose, who was, and is still Alvina. shots into him,” Loran later confessed to the regarded as one of the best prosecutors to prac- As the dance came to a close at midnight police. “I asked him for the car keys. He took tice in Saskatchewan. Jack decided to listen to the voices. He would them out of his pocket and threw them on the At trial it was soon revealed that Jack had go visit the Hermann residence and the fair ground. spent the day shooting blackbirds with Joe Alvina. Jack asked his friend Emil Frederick to “I took the keys and went over to the barn Loran. When Jack wanted to go to the dance accompany him. Because Jack had blown the and backed up the car and I drove over to the that night his brother Edwin was hesitant to motor in the family’s 1929 Ford, he resolved to house. I went to see if he’s dead. I searched his accompany him. take his brother’s car to the Hermann farm. pockets and found a wallet containing two dol- While Edwin was on the stand the defence At one o’clock in the morning Jack received lars. Then I left.” asked, “Do you go to dances often around a ride home with a neighbour. During the five Jack left the Angerman’s and sped off to Burstall?” kilometre ride back to the Loran farm Jack see Alvina. After waking the entire family by “Yes,” replied Edwin. gloated that his father was about to purchase a honking the horn in the large stolen sedan, “Did Jack go with you?” 1940 black Ford sedan. A sedan like the one Alvina stormed outside and Jack asked if she “Not very often.” belonging to Gustav Angerman. would like to go to a party. After Alvina re- “Why didn’t you take him?” Angerman was a 64-year-old Russian im- fused, Jack decided to go see Emil. “I didn’t like to take him along with me. He migrant who lived across the road from the Lo- Jack enticed Emil into accompanying him got quarrel-some, got drinking, wanted to fight.” ran farm. Gustav arrived in Burstall the same on a trip to Medicine Hat to meet with some Joe Loran testified that his son had dropped year Joe Loran chose to raise a family in the women he knew. Emil accepted the invitation out of school in the seventh grade to help on the

April 2001 42 Blue Line Magazine farm. Joe described Jack as a “poor worker”. Other family members testified that Jack Data bank a success, MacAulay says had developed a temper and became unpredict- able after he had cracked his skull open while The national DNA data “It gives us great satisfac- herding cows in the summer of 1935, when he bank is already proving to be tion to know that our work is was just nine-years-old. The Lorans were un- an extremely valuable public helping front-line police inves- able to afford treatment for Jack so he was kept safety tool, says Solicitor Gen- tigators,” said Dr. Ron Fourney, in bed until the injury had healed. eral Lawrence MacAulay. officer-in-charge of the national Jack possessed far less intelligence than the “There have been 11 DNA data bank. “The data bank rest of the children his age, who considered him matches using DNA to link is already one of the key tools to be rather dense. The children teased him and crime scenes to each other or to that we can offer justice and the at night Jack could hear the voices of the chil- convicted offenders,” investigation of crime in dren taunting him in German, French and Eng- MacAulay said in a February Canada.” lish. news release. “These matches There are already 1,183 Dr. A.R. Coulter was the main witness for so early in the process are un- crime scene samples and 2,782 the prosecution. Coulter said Jack was not in- precedented. In its short his- MacAulay convicted offender samples in sane at all but merely pretending to be mad to tory, the data bank has proven the data bank. “escape conviction.” Coulter thought Jack was to be of invaluable assistance in active law Canada is among a handful of countries “quite co-operative and pleasant, not all con- enforcement investigations.” to have such a data bank in place. The na- fused, a boy who seemed to be well in touch Of the 11 matches: tional DNA data bank is located at RCMP with his environment.” • Three were linked with other unsolved cases Headquarters in Ottawa. It includes a crime There were six men on the jury. This was of in the data bank’s crime scene index. One scene index, containing DNA profiles of course due to the war. The jury resided in their of those was a DNA profile linked to two DNA samples from unsolved crime scenes hotel for less than an hour weighing the evi- separate sexual assaults in two different and a convicted offenders index, containing dence at hand. They returned to the courtroom provinces. Police investigators in those DNA profiles from young offenders as well and announced a verdict of guilty as charged. communities are now working with each as adult civilian and military offenders who As a result, Judge Anderson sentenced Jack other, sharing evidence and case file infor- are convicted of serious offences. to death. mation. The national DNA data bank is part of Jack Loran was sent to the provincial jail in • The remaining matches linked DNA pro- the RCMP’s National Police Services, which Regina where he resided until 9:15 a.m. Febru- files in the convicted offenders index to also includes the Canadian Police Informa- ary 20, 1946 when he was executed as ordered profiles in the data bank’s crime scene in- tion Centre (CPIC), the Criminal Intelligence by the court. dex for eight unsolved cases: six in On- Service of Canada, Forensic Laboratory Serv- tario; one in British Columbia; and one in ices, the Canadian Police College and Identi- Saskatchewan. fication Services. Next month: Henry Malanik

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For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 43 Blue Line Magazine External body armour carriers Readers speak out on Blue Line Forum

Blue Line has been on a crusade to rid the Well I disagree with those of you who say nation of the exterior carriers worn by many things like “it looks too aggressive”. The bottom officers in the country. Points of discussion line is the vest is there for only one purpose and presented in back issues include the facts that it’s to protect the officer who wears it. exterior armour carriers: It has become more and more difficult to • look menacing to citizens. trust the public when going on a call. We never • make officers look sloppy. know who is going to turn around and either • encourages bad guys to target outside the ar- help us, or attack us. So what if it looks a bit mour and seek an alternate kill zone. more aggressive? The time where police were • could provide bad guys with an effective de- wearing ties are gone (almost). An officer’s fence from a capital murder conviction. safety comes first. • are unnecessary due to new construction, ma- The officer’s attitude has a lot to do with it terials, and undergarments. too, I mean I have heard it all while on patrol, • are only really needed on a hot day with a but after explaining to them the reason behind non-air conditioned car. the vest, nobody noticed it after a while. I wear Is it safe? Is the issue blown out of propor- a dark navy blue uniform and my external body tion? armour blends with it very well. Police officers This topic has created plenty of letters to are there to serve and protect people of their the editor which either strongly support the communities, they may look a bit more aggres- idea of not using them, or voicing opinions that sive with new equipment, but at the end, it is to they are actually effective and do not pose ad- serve better and protect better. ditional risks. Levesque Blue Line readers were provided this topic THE DEBATE: External vs. concealable. on the Blue Line Forum at www.blueline.ca and Well, here is my two-cents worth: I have the following are their responses. Many pieces We finally “hit the nail on the head”. It isn’t both types of armour, because I do patrol on a have been edited for space. about internal vs. external it is about conceal- mountain bike and cruiser. In the summer time I ment. Concealment can be achieved by blend- would dry up like a raisin if I wore the interior I’m pretty sure that Blue Line has just lit ing in with the background. Body armour is vest while riding my bike, however, on the whole the fuse on an issue that, while trivial to some, best unseen as an ever present reminder to the I do prefer the interior armour better. will no doubt spur some amount of heated de- desperate, would-be, cop killer. Visible body My feelings are : bate. You make an excellent point. I would like armour is a visual cue, a reminder that says at • The interior armour provides increased com- to support your comments, as shooting skills the critical moment: best not shoot here if you fort and support for my back. Those count- are areas of what I refer to as my expertise. want to get away. less hours in the seated position and the con- It is extremely difficult to deliberately hit a Exterior armour carriers are one thing that centration of weight on the hips may result in small chosen area the size of a head in any kind is “dead” easy to eliminate and should be elimi- problems without support. of combat situation without lots of time and nated. Forget the debate about how well bad • It makes me appear larger than my wafer thin skill. On the other hand, it is incredibly easy to guys shoot, which is cooler, (or) which is more self, which is a plus in certain situations. hit a small area on a target that one’s eyes are comfortable. If we can make our odds of • Interior armour doesn’t provide your local looking directly at, literally without sights or survivability greater by simply colour-blend- thug, intent on fighting with me, the handle to aiming. ing then just do it. throw me about the room as exterior armour Unless the assailant’s eyes are directed to- I still, to this day, cannot believe that our does. Nothing like being tossed by the lapels ward the head, it is unlikely that even trained federal police agency has its personnel running of your exterior vest. shooters would be able to hit a target that small. around in beige shirts with dark blue external (Alias) james blond But this means that if an assailant is looking at body armour carriers. It is absurd, and it is al- the officer, or if they have the time in an am- ways a potential safety hazard that would be oh I am a constable on a department that al- bush situation to pick their spot, external vests so easy to eliminate. To say nothing of the fact lows the officers to wear their body armour on may be more dangerous for the patrol officer. that it would look a whole lot more professional. the outside of their shirts... and 99 per cent of In the middle of combat, it is so simple to Joel Johnston the officers wear them that way... It is much forget even the simplest of facts, such as the more comfortable... your T-shirt isn’t soaked officer may have an internal vest on. I am, how- Whether you wear the vest under your uni- with sweat at the end of each shift... and the ever, very reluctant to criticize external vests form or with a darker more visible vest is of no external carriers conceal police duty belt sus- because they may lead to head shots. The odds importance. At least you are wearing one. The penders... officers that wear the suspenders can are simply against the success of such an at- bad guy who is taking aim at you just wants to keep the duty belt just below the bottom of the tempt. I don’t like the external vests because get away, he is not calm cool and collected and vest... and the belt is much more comfortable to they simply distance the police from the pub- aiming properly. Besides it does show through carry with the suspenders. lic. By adding to the paramilitary appearance your uniform shirt when you have an inside I was involved in the implementation of the of the police, they are further separating the vest on. suspenders... and there are still many depart- police culture from society. This is the oppo- I don’t think the external vest scares away ments that won’t allow the officers to wear site of what police should be doing today. the public. On the contrary, it has the same external body armour... in Canada and the United Dave Brown impact as a marked police cruiser. It identifies States... (and they all voice their frustration) I us as police officers. If anything scares away would make the suspenders a health and safety For rant’s sake, does it matter if the officers the public it would be our sidearms, not our issue and force the departments to allow you to wearing external carriers wear the darker uni- vests. Just as the public expects us to be armed, wear the external carriers... that’s what we had form colour thus making no contrast between they expect us to have some means of protect- to do. shirt and uniform? ing ourselves. (Alias) scharfmr Pierre-Marc Larocque (alias) batman I don’t know the stats, but it is evident that

April 2001 44 Blue Line Magazine more people are wearing their armour with ex- Well, that was the last day he wore his ex- pendant upon interior vs exterior, then I say ternal carriers than were wearing them without. ternal carrier. He now wears his vest (on those wear the exterior rather than nothing. Soft body armour a bad guy can see is better shirt sleeve days) under his shirt like the rest of As an RCMP member, we are issued with than one he can’t because it is in the trunk of us. both types and I think that out of the 65 mem- the police car (or in your locker). There are pros and cons to external carriers, bers in our district, only two wear the internal We police not only as first responders but but that one comment from that teenager made carriers (and I’m one of them.) Three days ago investigators as well, can go from a domestic to up my mind. I watched a junior member leave the office on a an alarm to a three-hour suspect interview. To (Alias) BigBlue domestic dispute call without his vest because do a good interview, you should be comfort- in the rush to get out the door, his armour was able, and throwing off the vest helps. Don’t you think that the bad guys know left on the back of a chair. I have worn vests everyday for over 10 police agencies issue officer’s vests whether they The business of offering colour matching years. External for the last five, so I am aware be external or internal? Knowing this, if they carriers will not solve anything. Undoubtedly members wear the carrier and what it looks like. are so inclined, they will go for a head shot there will be new arguments and complaints As an officer safety instructor, I have played regardless. There are a lot of pro’s and con’s for about them. the “bad guy’ in paint ball scenarios numerous and against both. There is only one common Bottom line, there will never be a right or times and when the cops come around the cor- answer. Just wear what you have. wrong answer to armour carriers. I believe that ner and I raise my weapon and the good guys One point that everyone seems to be miss- more police officers are wearing their armour react.., I have never once seen the vest and ing here are to watch for the suspect cue’s. If now than ever, which is good. thought “aim higher”. Even after doing the same you are paying attention to what is going on (Alias) Dean_in_NB scenario several times. I just didn’t see the vest around you, they won’t have the chance to draw as a vest. down on you, or you will be able to anticipate If it is left up to individual officers to make Bottom line in my mind.., if you can wear it it and react accordingly to increase your a personal choice I do not think there will ever inside and be reasonably comfortable, wear it survivability. be a consensus on this issue. It is time for all inside, but if it is a matter of wearing it outside We all know fine motor skills are affected police leaders to do what only some have the or not at all.., please.., wear it outside. in high stress situations, centre of mass will courage to do. Ban exterior carriers outright. I (Alias) Badger always be the most likely point of impact. I agree with Morley. They are dangerous, sloppy have worn a vest, both internal and external, and unnecessary. During an indoor tactical pistol competi- on and off, for the past 25 years and have (Alias) Dark Horse tion a few years ago, I used a bunch of 3-D found that my preference was dictated more reactive targets dressed in old T-shirts and by my activity than concerns of being shot in Got an opinion? Have your say on... balaclavas. They are designed to drop to the the head. ground if a shot is fired into a vital area. On one Steve_Bede target, I dressed it with an old external body armour carrier and placed it two meters in front As always body armour carriers is a touchy of the firing line. It needed a head shot for the subject. If the decision to wear armour is de- target to fall. Just to be extra clear, I lettered “Body Armour” in 3-inch letters across the front. During the competition, only four out of the 48 competitors were able to drop the target. The T-shirt under the body armour carrier had over 200 bullet holes through it. Dave Brown

The thing that set my mind completely against wearing the external carrier, was when one of our new guys was out on a call. The call included dealing with a group of teens. Out of nowhere one of the teens tells his friends... something to the effect of... “Look he (new guy) is wearing a bullet proof vest. You know if I were a bad guy, I’d know to shoot him in the head.” Pride in Service

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April 2001 45 Blue Line Magazine Aging ballistic armour integrity Are we ready to address this penetrating issue? are collecting dust because no by Tricia Rudy one seems to know what to do with them. Departments are As the officer lies bleeding reluctant to re-issue them and from a chest wound, an image of put them back into service. his firearms instructor from the Many vests are returned to academy flashes through his stores before the five-year pe- mind. riod due to changes in body “No vest has ever failed to shape. defeat a threat that it was de- None of the stock-piled ar- signed to defeat in the history of mour is being tested or in- body armour. Wear your vest. It spected even though there is a works.” facility located just west of To- He had happened across a ronto which is more than capa- robbery in progress at the local ble of doing any ballistic test convenience store, startling the required. Bodycote Ortech in robber with his presence. The Mississauga, is an independent handgun went off almost imme- test facility, recognized by the diately. It was in the hands of a Standards Council of Canada, known local gang member. with a competent ballistics lab. The officer had been work- They have conducted many Na- ing this area for over five years, tional Institute of Justice veri- it was his first posting out of the fication tests on both old and academy. He was wearing the new armour for Canadian manu- same vest first issued to him back facturers and police agencies at the academy. Something had alike for over 20 years. just gone terribly wrong. The im- What exactly is the liabil- ages of his wife and children pass ity? In the story outlined ear- by in his mind. He wondered if lier, the officer was wearing his they knew how much he loved SHELF LIFE: How long does body armour last and what should be vest and believed that it would them. The images fade. Three done with armour that is more than five-years-old? Action is needed. perform in the manner for which months later his police depart- it was designed. His depart- ment is facing a $10 million lawsuit from his • What had caused the vest to fail? Was this a ment had knowingly allowed him to continue widow. preventable death? to wear the vest he was issued, after the manu- Across town, an armoured car is making its • Had the security guard’s vest failed, would facturer had relinquished all responsibility for daily pick-ups. The team of armed guards is the department be held responsible, as it was its performance. It is clear that once the five working the same route that they have been still technically their property? years are over and the manufacturer is “off the working all week. • Why had the department that issued the sec- liability hook” that the department will by de- This time, as one delivers the bags of cash ond vest replaced a perfectly good vest? Had fault be fully responsible. to the back of the truck, an assailant jumps him. they done any testing to see how long after Does testing done five years ago on 10 to12- A sharp blow to the head stuns the guard and he the manufacture’s warranty a vest was still year-old armour still hold significance? The vests is swiftly disarmed. He hears two shots, the effective? that are worn today are vastly different than bag is ripped from his hand, then nothing. • How was it that a police officer could just the vests of the early 1980’s. They are made of When his vision clears and he gains his bal- “give away” department property? the latest generation of ballistic materials and ance, he glances down at his chest. He sees two There are discussions being held behind incorporate new designs and construction tech- dark holes in his uniform shirt. He opens his closed doors that are asking these kinds of ques- niques. shirt and two mushroom shaped bullets fall out tions. Wear usage has increased dramatically be- onto the pavement. His chest hurts. The vest The five-year warranty period for most of cause vests are more comfortable, due to the never did fit right and had sure been hot under the vests being worn by our police officers to- use of external carriers, better designs and be- his shirt on those August day shifts, but all that day will be, or has already, passed. For those cause of mandatory-wear policies in many ju- discomfort became a distant memory as he stood vests still being worn that are more than five risdictions. This could lead one to question the up to secure the back of the truck and check on years old, the liability now rests with the de- validity that the data collected on those old vests his partner. partment that issued it, especially where there applies to the five-year-old vests of today. Who His older brother, a police officer, had given is a mandatory wear policy in place. is monitoring the ballistic integrity of the vests him the old vest because his department had Is the cost involved in setting up an effec- currently issued? issued him a new one. That was two years ago. tive testing and tracking protocol less than the How can all this old armour that is piling Both of these scenes are fiction. Both are cost of arbitrarily replacing all vests after five up in quartermaster stores across the country possible, however, and that fact raises a number years? To arbitrarily replace a vest after five be effectively disposed of? It can’t be burnt, it of questions: years requires a significant financial commit- can’t be sent to the dump and it can’t be resold. • Could a vest that had just come out of war- ment. Body armour is the single most expen- One thing is sure there is an opportunity to ranty fail to defeat what it had been designed sive piece of equipment that is issued to an collect valuable data from these vests if some- to defeat? officer, with the exception of a firearm. It be- one knowledgeable was allowed to examine them • Since the police department was in fact liable comes the most expensive because unlike a fire- and organize a program of ballistic tests. It for it’s performance, what documented meas- arm, an officer will be issued more than one would be a shame to loose the potential to col- ures had been taken by the department to vest over the course of a career. lect irreplaceable ballistic data due to a lack of ensure that the vest was still effective? There is a growing stockpile of vests that organization, funding, or by the decision to ar-

April 2001 46 Blue Line Magazine bitrarily dispose of all vests over five years old. mine the extent of the ballistic degradation. These questions are not going to go away. It is important to note that at some age Association wants In order to begin to collect statistical and em- there is no longer value in testing old armour as pirical data with which today’s police depart- it does eventually wear out. Unless depart- health information ments can start to make informed choices, they ments are just going to automatically replace legislation must take responsibility for finding the answers armour every five years they should define an to these questions themselves. age at which armour should, without review, be New legislation being debated in On- The fibre producers are the ones who have disposed. tario could provide police officers with recommended replacing vests after five years. After following the history of body armour more access to the personal health records This leaves weavers and armour manufactures in Canada for more than 10 years now, it is of individuals. alike little opportunity to recommend other- baffling how casually most agencies deal with The Ontario Police Association ex- wise. Therefore departments should not look these issues. pressed concern that officers could be to the armour industry to solve what is now More time, attention and research has been killed or contract a disease from a needle their problem. paid to the use of external body armour carriers prick when handling or arresting suspects. There needs to be some testing of the “worst than on gathering statistical data on the ballistic Better access to health information case” vests in order to evaluate the degradation integrity of aging armour and the proper dis- would protect officers who come in contact of body armour over time, under current wear posal of used armour. More time, attention and with blood or other bodily fluids, said Bruce conditions. An accurate history of the use of research has been paid on what colour a uni- Miller, a spokesman for the association. the vest needs to be available and reviewed so form should be and whether one should wear “We know there’s going to be privacy that any “red flag” conditions can be dealt with Stetsons or baseball caps than has been paid to concerns, but our people put their per- in a timely fashion. how body armour is holding up. sonal safety on the line every day,” Miller It is the opinion of the writer that fit and If departments can work together to share was quoted as saying. wear inspections should be conducted annually, costs and information, there is a way to begin He added that the bill would remove with ballistic testing starting after three years of to take control of this situation. All we have to uncertainty in certain situations and en- use. There is no other way to find out how these do is see the elephant in the living room. sure that officers know when they need vests wear over time. At the five-year bench- medical aid. mark, if good information were available, it would Tricia Rudy, of Tricia Rudy Enterprises Inc. Others, including the president of the be more obvious which way to go. has 10 years experience in the manufactur- Ontario Medical Association, spoke out Police agencies would be wise to require bal- ing and marketing of soft body armour in against the bill. They argue that patients listic limit test results, in the form of V50’s, for Canada. She is now an independent consult- may not give their doctors full informa- each lot of material used each time armour is ant and subject matter expert on soft body tion about their health problems out of purchased. It would also be prudent to require a armour. She can be reached at 1-888-676- fear it would end up in the hands of police, number of reference “shoot packs” that are stored 1566 or (905) 726-4404. employers, or insurance companies. for future tests to provide a base line to deter-

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Police officers are seekers This book covers the first William McCormack, a From the author of the The sequel to A Double This book, reviewed in the This book is a comprehen- of truth and facts. This book decade in the history of the former Toronto police Court Jesters series Duty, this book covers the Jan. 2000 issue, responds to sive text that covers the will help officers to inter- North West Mounted Po- chief, relates some of the comes a hilarious collec- 1885 North-West Rebel- the need for a comprehen- most elementary knowl- view people with the ulti- lice, 1873-1883, a decisive city’s most famous mur- tion of real-life tales from lion. The role of the Moun- sive leadership develop- edge that a police officer mate goal being to identify period in the history of der cases. The reader is those who battle crime. ties has been down-played ment model for the educa- must process in order to the guilty party in an ef- Western Canada. The book taken directly into the in- Stupid crooks, cops with a by historians, but this tion and training of police, apprehend, charge and fective manner, consistent examines the beginning of ner circle of each investi- sense of humour, incidents doesn’t do justice to the of- justice and public safety su- gather evidence against the with the requirements of the force and the difficul- gation, where the murder- gone wrong - this book has ficers who battled at Duke pervisors, managers and criminal element in our any tribunal or court. ties it faced. er’s steps are traced. it all. Lake, Loon Lake and more. front line officers. society.

l From legendary Sam Steele l Filled with up-to-date, de- to Nelson Eddy in Rose Marie. tailed news from coast-to-coast, From the Great March West to Blue Line News Week is a must the Musical Ride, the Mountie for all law enforcement agen- shines as an image of strength, cies who want to stay informed. courage and the Canadian way. All 52 weekly issues can be de- A must read for RCMP mem- livered to you by fax or mail. bers of those interested in the force. k Blue Line Magazine has been k This book effectively bridges the officer’s choice for law en- both the theoretical and practi- forcement news, features and cal aspects of police work. It information for more than 10 surveys current research and years. The magazine’s 10 an- policy to examine the structure, $200 Faxed nual issues cover topics includ- 00 operation and issues facing po- OR T ing firearms, private policing, $ 25. B 28 95 licing in the 1990s and the ap- 29 00 $100 Mailed communications, training, com- Tax Included $24. proaching millennium. $45. puter technology, and forensics.

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CARDHOLDER WILL PAY TO THE ISSUER OF THE CHARGE CARD PRESENTED Total HEREWITH THE AMOUNT STATED HEREON IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ISSUER’S AGREEMENT WITH THE CARDHOLDER q q q Cheque Make cheques payable to Fill out and Fax to 1-800-563-1792. Enclosed Blue Line Magazine You can also order by phone at (905) 640-3048, on the Internet at www.Blueline.ca, or mail your order to: 12A-4981 Hwy. 7 East, Suite 254, Markham ON L3R 1N1 Credit Card Number Expiry Date April 2001 48 Blue Line Magazine Deane faces charges Charges under the Police Services Act await the police officer convicted in the shooting death of Dudley George. Supt. Rick Kotwa of the Ontario Provin- cial Police said the force will proceed with dis- ciplinary procedures following the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision to uphold Kenneth Deane’s conviction. An external adjudicator will be brought in to conduct Deane’s hearing. Deane was sentenced to two years to be served in the community for his conviction of criminal negligence causing death. He will re- main in an administrative role, pending the re- sults of the hearing. Previously, police officials had said Dean’s conduct would not be scrutinized until after he exhausted his appeals. George was shot three times in 1995 at the Ipperwash Provincial Park. He and 29 other aboriginal protestors wanted to claim the park as a sacred burial ground. Kotwa said Deane could face dismissal from the force following the results of the hearing. Canada to get tough on drugs, minister says Ottawa will be putting more money into the war on drugs, Justice Minister Anne McLellan says. After the United Nations released a report in February criticizing Canada for being soft on drug crimes, McLellan said the country must do more to fight the problem. “That’s why we talked in Red Book III and the speech from the throne about the impor- tance of an enhanced drug strategy that deals both with supply and demand,” McLellan was quoted as saying. The Liberal election platform promised the government would bring in a National Drug Strat- egy to reduce supply and demand for drugs. The International Narcotics Control Board released a report in February that said Cana- dian courts give people convicted of narcotics charges a slap on the wrist. The agency said the growing of marijuana is becoming widespread, especially in British Columbia. They added that attitudes toward the drug are also much more liberal. Vancouver’s drug trade will be the main tar- get for McLellan’s improved enforcement plan. Province puts money into policing The Alberta government has chipped in some funding for the RCMP to help cover the costs of policing in rural communities. More than $16 million has been granted to the RCMP, which is expected to help recruit 75 police officers for rural communities. The Alberta Justice Department said the money will be used to help pay higher operat- ing costs and pay for other policing initiatives. The Justice Department also said the money will help the force achieve its target of more than 1,000 positions in the province.

April 2001 49 Blue Line Magazine

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Steve Henkel at (416) 808-5800. May 19, 2001 May 30 - June 1, 2001 Up-Coming Events Patch Collectors Show Reid Interview & Interrogation Milton - Ontario Techniques May 1 - 3, 2001 April 24 - 25, 2001 Hosted by the Canadian Police In- Oakville - Ontario Tourism Safety & Crime Preven- Response 2001 signia Collectors Association. For For more information on this three- tion Conference Markham - Ontario more information contact John day course contact Cst. Kate Pulford Niagara Falls - Ontario Blue Line Magazine’s fifth annual Tatham at (905) 877-9249. at (905) 878-5511, ext. 5113. The pro-active crime prevention trade show is the perfect venue to conference will address the topics June 2, 2001 test, review and purchase products May 26 - June 5, 2001 including physical security, shoplift- Patch Collectors Show and services. This show is open to IPA Canada 40th Anniversary Woodstock - Ontario ing, pick pocketing, fraud, counter- all law enforcement personnel. To Celebration Hosted by the Canadian Police In- feiting and community based polic- register for Response 2001 call This tour, which celebrates the anni- signia Collectors Association. For ing. Contact Carolynn Ioannoni at (905) 640-3048 or register at versary of the IPA, will make stops information contact Bob Pyefinch (905) 356-7521, ext. 500. www.blueline.ca in Hamilton, Niagara, Brantford, at (519) 539-8629. Orillia, Ottawa, Kingston and To- June 16, 2001 April 24 - 25, 2001 May 3, 2001 ronto. For more information and to Patch Collectors Show Blue Line Symposium Third Annual Ontario Women In register fax (416) 221-5825. Kirkland - Quebec Markham - Ontario Law Enforcement Awards Banquet Hosted by the Canadian Police In- Have your personnel take advan- Mississauga - Ontario May 28 - June 1, 2001 signia Collectors Association. For tage of two specialized courses. The banquet is a celebration of suc- Tactical Rope Access and Rescue information contact John Carroll The first course will cover critical cess honouring award recipients in Workshop at (514) 630-0343. incident stress management, basic a number of categories. For infor- Ottawa - Ontario June 25 - 29, 2001 group crisis intervention, CISD and mation contact Det. Pauline Gray MultiTrek Ltd and the Ottawa po- 19th Annual Advanced Homicide defusing and demobilization. The at (416) 246-8590. lice tactical unit will be hosting this Investigators Seminar second course will cover investiga- five-day instructor level training pro- Toronto - Ontario tive interviewing techniques. Con- gram in rope use for special interven- May 5, 2001 This seminar is hosted by the To- tact (905) 640-3048. tion units. For further details contact Patch Collectors Trade Show ronto Police Service’s homicide squad. Michel Goulet at (800) 263-5232. For information call (416) 808-7400. Lancaster - USA April 28, 2001 Hosted by the Canadian Police In- Patch Collectors Trade Show signia Collectors Association. For Alliston - Ontario more information contact Steve Hosted by the Canadian Police In- White at (717) 299-6774. signia Collectors Association. For April, 2001 - more information contact Bill Couldridge at (705) 733-1460. May 7, 2001 Informant Development April 30 - May 11, 2001 Cambridge - Ontario May 28 - June 8, 2001 Every vehicle stop and issuance of a Level One Coxswain Course ticket is a chance to cultivate an in- Toronto - Ontario formant. Just by simply asking key Back by popular demand, this 10- questions you may learn material on day program boating course is for a criminal investigation. Contact all levels of law enforcement per- Chris Collins of the Southern On- sonnel and support staff working tario Law Enforcement Training As- with law enforcement. Contact Sgt. sociation at (905) 335-9056.

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 52 Blue Line Magazine Youth justice act returns The Youth Criminal Jus- tice Act was reintroduced in the House of Commons in early February by the minis- ter of justice. The new act, which will replace the Young Offenders McLellan Act, includes more effective, targeted measures to deal with both serious, violent offences and the vast majority of youth offences which are less serious. “The govern- ment of Canada believes strongly in the guiding principles of the Youth Criminal Justice Act and is committed to passing it into law,” said Justice Minister Anne McLellan. The Youth Criminal Justice Act gives prov- inces and territories flexibility in choosing op- tions in some areas. This allows them to ad- dress the unique needs, problems and differ- ences of their systems, while maintaining the guiding principles. Provisions in the act also formally recognize and support the important role of victims, families and communities in dealing with youth crime. The proposed Youth Criminal Justice Act was previously introduced in 1999, but died on the Order Paper. The government is also work- ing with the provinces and territories, child welfare, mental health, law enforcement and other professionals to develop a new approach to dealing with children under 12, the age of criminal responsibility, who commit crimes.

Police officer sentenced A Toronto police officer has been sen- tenced to nine years in prison after being convicted of robbing drug dealers and going on a violent crime spree. Darin Cooper, who served with the To- ronto Police Service for 10 years, pleaded guilty to three counts of robbery and breach of trust in February. With accomplices, Cooper conducted a three-month crime spree. Pretending to be armed police officers on a drug raid, Cooper and five co-accused robbed and threatened drug dealers to raise enough money to import ecstasy to Toronto. Cooper is likely to serve most of his sen- tence in segregation since he is a likely target of inmates and because his robberies involved high-level drug dealers and biker gangs. During sentencing, Ontario Court Jus- tice William Gorewich said Cooper’s crime had shaken the community and their confi- dence in the police. Police Chief Julian Fantino quickly re- sponded and said the fact that police moved so quickly to arrest one of their own should bolster the public’s confidence. The five co-accused pleaded guilty and received from one to six years in jail. All five were granted time served of two years each for pre-trial custody.

For further details go to BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca April 2001 53 Blue Line Magazine The Youth Criminal Justice Act A new start or the same old bumph? by Robert Stevens definition of Young Offender in respect of age. A No group understands better the utter tooth- juvenile offender could be age 7 to 15. And while lessness of the YOA in dealing with teens than A forum sponsored by the Department of the then new YOA was more specific as to the their most frequent victims; other victimized Justice was held in Ottawa on March 16 and 17 charge and followed a procedure not unlike the teens. Teen victims of crime will tell you that of this year. With a focus on youth justice is- adult criminal system, the definition of young the YOA has been a joke and it is seen to have sues as they relate to the police, it unintention- offender was adjusted to mean an offender be- been a joke. Is the YCJA likely to be taken more ally zeroed in on precisely what is wrong with tween 12 and 17 inclusive. seriously? We can hope. the old Young Offenders’ Act, (YOA), the new By the age of 16, any young person under- A magazine poll of teenagers found that 79 Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) and likely stands the difference between criminal acts and per cent believed reducing the juvenile crime any subsequent rewrites down the road; the non-criminal acts. In today’s rate was more important than definition of what a young offender is. society in particular, teens at preserving young people’s The preamble of the proposed Youth Crimi- 16 and 17 are far more mature, rights. It’s very strong medicine, nal Justice Act speaks of societal rights, values worldly and street wise than to declare that anyone’s rights and responsibilities in respect to youth crime. in previous generations. It was should be sacrificed and that is Objectives stress: preventing crime, rehabilita- a foolish miscalculation to pull not what is proposed here at all. tion, reintegration into society, meaningful con- 16 and 17 year olds out of the But it does indicate the safety sequences. It goes on... adult system. concerns of these respondents. “The principles recognize that these ele- There is nothing to pre- Nowhere is the YOA/YCJA ments, pursued together, are the best way to clude 16 and 17 year olds from viewed with more contempt protect the public and promote safer communi- being restored to the adult than among 16 to 17 year old ties over the long term.” criminal system. They would criminal offenders themselves. Which is fine, I suppose except that the be handled with as much leni- They know, or soon learn, that protection of the public and the promotion of ency and compassion, as all the YOA/YCJA is an invaluable safer communities seems to have slipped to the adult first-time offenders are now. Diversion primer on how to deal with the more inconven- bottom of the list once again. A few short years programs for first offenders where the Crown, ient and bothersome aspects of the criminal jus- ago, these objectives appeared at the top of the in return for a sometimes purely perfunctory tice system before they turn 18. They know list of priorities. Now, they may be reached show of penance, such as an apology or a small their names cannot be published, except in most “over the long term” after all the prevention, charitable donation, will withdraw all but a ma- unusual circumstances. rehabilitation, reintegration, consequences and jor criminal charge, are going full tilt in Cana- And, since the slate is wiped clean on their so on have been perfected. dian courts for adult offenders. The same ap- 18th birthday, the lessons are free. There is But, don’t count on it. plies to teens. nothing wrong with wiping the slate clean. It’s There is a certain irony in the youth justice The one segment of society which has paid just that, at 18, it is happening two years too forum being held on the 16th and 17th of March. most dearly and has been most viciously vic- late. To be lasting and meaningful, accountabil- The single major change that could occur to timized by the 16 to 17 year old criminal ele- ity must be learned and, if necessary, enforced improve the youth justice crime picture at this ment has not been pensioners, or the handi- at as early an age as possible. The YCJA is not time would be to immediately and henceforth capped, homeowners, shopkeepers, or victims equipped to do that. So in a very real sense, remove 16 year olds and 17 year olds from the of car theft. It is the very same age group which nothing much has changed. It’s business as usual young offender rolls and return them to being the offenders are drawn from - other teens. in Ottawa. tried as the adults they surely are. Is the YCJA an improvement on the YOA, List of Advertisers or merely a more awkward acronym? Reading the Department of Justice press release, it is Accident Support Services 15 Litton PRC 21 hard to denote much that is very different. The Advantage Internet Software 24 Maritime Services Police & Security 43 Matte Industries 12 release is long on self-congratulatory bumph. Blue Line Reading Library 48 Blue Line Response 2001 56 MD Charlton 23 There appears to be a slight nod in the direction BMW Motorcycles 36 MegaTech 7 of the provinces and territories in “choosing Canadian Body Armour 35 Men’s Divorce Centre 52 options in some areas”. How these options Cesaroni Technology 38 Micro Video 38 would play out is anybody’s guess. “Commu- Cogent Systems 51 Motorola 55 nity-based sentences” may not be the best news Corporate Security Services 19 MultiTrek 41 Dalhousie University 39 Nine-One-One Outerwear 19 for the communities affected. DavTech Analytical Services 9 Pads Fitness & Supply 52 A number of the alleged “new” principles Denton Technologies 21 Panasonic Canada 4 seem to be a repeat or rehash of the old princi- Emergency Vehicle Restorations 14 Pelican Products 2 ples, for example, that youth offenders be held Federal Auction 17 Police Ordnance 37 separately from adult criminals. This has al- Federal Signal 6, 11 Pride In Service 20, 45 ways been in effect, there is nothing new here. Ford Canada 13 Robinson Helicopter Co. 5 Globe Risk Holdings 47 Second Chance Body Armor 49 Similarly, the publication of names was previ- Guelph Police Service 41 Southwest University 38 ously permitted in only rare circumstances. Hi-Tec Intervention 21 Sturm Ruger & Co 2 5 What’s changed? Courts were, in some excep- Hi-Tec Sports 50 Tetragon Tasse 16 tional circumstances, permitted to move a case Henry’s 52 Triform Business Systems Ltd 45 to adult court, What’s new about that? Identicator 10 Teijin Twaron 8 ITI Instrument Technology 15 Westervelt College 37 The YOA was certainly an improvement on Ken Weinberg, D Ch 53 Wolverine Supplies 43 the old, imprecise, catch-all Juvenile Delinquent Laser Labs 13 Visit the advertisers’ web sites through Act with the one exception that it changed the Law Enforcement Training & Supplies 26 BlueLinks at www.blueline.ca

April 2001 54 Blue Line Magazine