Global Rust Fight Sweet Potatoes Prosper Seeds of Life—Living the Dream
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JULY – OCTOBER 2008 www.aciar.gov.au GLOBAL RUST FIGHT SWEET POTATOES PROSPER SEEDS OF LIFE—LIVING THE DREAM GENE REVOLUTION 2 editorial JULY–OCTOBER2008PARTNERS HERALDING THE GENE REVOLUTION Partners in Research for Development is the Widespreaddroughtinrecentyearsinboth theInternationalAgricultural Research Centres flagship publication of the Australian Centre for thenorthernandsouthernhemispheres, (IARCs)thatformthe ConsultativeGroupof International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). Partners combinedwithincreasingawarenessthat InternationalAgricultural Research(CGIAR). presents articles that summarise results from climatechangeislikelytomakesuchextreme Thesecentresareacriticalsourceofgenetic ACIAR-sponsored research projects, and puts ACIAR conditionsmorefrequent,isstartingtodraw resourcesandassociatedexpertise. research initiatives into perspective. thewidercommunity’sattentiontofarming ACIAR allocatesabout20%ofitstotal Technical enquiries will be passed on to the andfoodsecurity. appropriationtotheIARCs,andabouthalfofthis appropriate researchers for reply. Reprinting Thereisanawakeningtothefactthatthe investmentisallocatedtocore,orunrestricted, of articles, either whole or in part, is welcomed world’sfoodcropsarevulnerabletorapid funding. ThisgivesIARCstheflexibilitytoopen provided that the source is acknowledged. changesinenvironmentalparameters,andthis newresearchdirections,andmaintainlong-term combinedwithdiminishinganddegrading programssuchasgenebanks. This publication is freely available from ACIAR’S landandwaterresourceshasalreadyplaced InthisissueofPartnerswelookatACIAR- website at www.aciar.gov.au. It is also freely globalfoodsuppliesinaprecariousposition. supportedprojectsthathighlightthe available on request from ACIAR. Theneedtorapidlyadaptcrops—including importanceofpreservinggeneticdiversityand The use of a trade name does not constitute any cropsthatsupportlivestockproduction—to howthisisfundamentaltofoodsecurity. endorsement of, or discrimination against, any copewithenvironmentalandother Importantly,thereisalsorecognitionof product by ACIAR. productionconstraints,plusliftyields,isplacing thetwo-waybenefitflowingfromACIAR’s ISSN 1031-1009 unprecedentedpressureonagriculturalscience. provisionofAustralianexpertiseininternational NotsincetheGreen Revolutionhasthere agriculturaldevelopment. © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 beenthislevelofurgencyon AnexampleisACIAR’s This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted theworkofplantbreeders supportofresearch under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced tolifttheproductivityand intothethreatening by any process without prior written permission from environmentalresilience rustpathogen Ug99. the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the offoodcrops,particularly Successfullybreeding Commonwealth Copyright Administration, thosethatsustainthebulk cerealsthatcanresist Attorney-General’s Department, oftheworld’spopulationsin thislatestrustbiotype Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca developingcountries. isascriticaltothe Published by the Australian Centre for International TheGreen Revolutionstaved Australiangrainsindustryasitistofarming Agricultural Research (ACIAR) offfamineinAsiainthe1960s,withnewhigh- communitiesinACIAR’spartnercountries. GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia yieldingricevarietiesliftingAsiaontoapathway AlsobyworkingwiththeIARCs,Australia For further information contact: ofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Nowa isabletodrawonexpertiseorresourcesnot ACIAR Communications and Secretariat Unit newrevolutionisemerging;cropresilienceand otherwiseavailableinAustralia,forexampleon + 61 2 6217 0500 adaptability—agenerevolution. treecropslikecoffee.ItcanalsoallowAustralian Letters from readers are welcome, Thisnewchallengeishighlightingthe researcherstocollaborateoffshoretodevelop and should be addressed to: criticalimportanceofgeneticdiversity,which biologicaldefencestopestsanddiseasesbefore The Editor Partners in Research for Development inherentlyrequiresaglobalperspective.Itneeds theyreachAustralia. ACIAR geneticresourcestobepooledintoaglobal ACIAR’sglobalpresenceishighlightedinan GPO Box 1571 researchnetworkthatbringscapacityand upcomingtelevisiondocumentary,Seed Hunter, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia scientificresourcestothedevelopmentofanew tobescreenedinAustraliaand Europelater Email: [email protected] generationofhigh-yielding,highlyadaptiveand thisyear. Thedocumentarybyaward-winning Photos: All photos ACIAR unless credited highlyrobustfoodcrops. producerSallyIngletoncoversaseed-collection FacilitatingthisisaroleinwhichACIAr missionbyICARDA-basedDrKenStreet,whose haslongexperience,creatingresearchand workhasbeenstronglysupportedbyACIAR. Managing Editor: Brad Collis, Coretext Pty Ltd extensionpartnershipsthathavebeen Thedocumentaryshowsthatfoodsecurity Associate Editor: Dr Gio Braidotti, Coretext Pty Ltd successfullyimprovingandsecuringfood anditsunderlyinggeneticresourceisstirring Design and Production: productionindevelopingcountriesaroundthe publicinterest.Hopefullyitwillraisecommunity Coretext Pty Ltd, +61 3 9670 1168, www.coretext.com.au world;particularlyinourownAsia–Pacificregion. understandingoftheseissuesandthevitalrole Printing: TohelpdrivethisnextresearchpriorityACIAr beingplayedbyAustraliathroughtheactivities candrawonitslong-standingpartnershipswith ofACIAR.n PARTNERSJULY–OCTOBER2008 contents 3 Genetic identity a key to securing fish populations 12 Research to understand the genetic diversity of distinct fish populations is playing an important role in rebuilding depleted populations and helping to manage stocks for the future Features Profile Arctic vault holds the food Putting food hope of future generations 4 Researchers join forces to in bowls 24 Construction of a massive seed storage vault in fight global threat to crops 15 Australian scientists participating in ACIAR’s Seeds of the Arctic could be a sign of growing political and Scientists around the world are working against the Life project discuss their experience in East Timor community awareness of the fragility of agriculture’s clock to build a genetic defence against a wheat biological base and the fundamental need to preserve disease that some fear could seriously destabilise crop biodiversity global food security ACIAR roundup Prime Minister opens new The gift of aquaculture facility in Aceh 26 food security 7 By drawing on genetic diversity to improve crop Annual Operational Plan released 26 varieties in developing nations that have experienced Philippines projects add value 26 civil unrest or war, Australians and Australian aid, and ACIAR in particular, help communities along the road Parliamentary Secretary to social and economic recovery visits East Timor 27 Setting priorities in Papua New Guinea 27 Twin genes to help India South central coast focus for lift meat production 18 Vietnam–Australia consultations 28 The same gene that lifted fecundity in Australian Merinos more than 60 years ago has been traced to Understanding the world an Indian breed and is now helping Indian shepherds food crisis 28 improve sheep production Choice is the sweet taste of ACIAR What’s new success for sweet potatoes 20 New appointments 28 Farmer involvement in sweet potato variety trials in New publications 29 Papua New Guinea is giving people a wider choice that, in turn, broadens people’s income prospects New projects 31 Rare genetic find delivers high-quality sandalwood oil 22 Sandalwood plantations that exploit genetically superior stocks could help to meet the growing global demand for the precious commodity, while generating a much-needed cash income for local communities in Vanuatu and Cape York Peninsula 4 JULY–OCTOBER2008PARTNERS ARCTIC VAULT HOLDS THE FOOD HOPE OF FUTURE GENERATIONS PARTNERSJULY–OCTOBER2008 5 Construction of a massive seed storage vault in the Arctic could be a sign of growing political and community awareness of the fragility of agriculture’s biological base and the fundamental need to preserve crop biodiversity The entrance to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the remote Norwegian island, Spitsbergen, inside the Arctic Circle. PHOTO: 360 DEGREE FILMS 6 JULY–OCTOBER2008PARTNERS PHOTOS: BRA D COLLIS During a seed-collecting expedition in Armenia in 2005, soldiers explained to Dr Street’s team that the area had not Thisisbecominganurgentraceagainst yet been cleared for mines. time.ItisthereasonDrStreet’ssmall, multi-nationalteamhasbeenturningup BY BRAD COLLIS unannouncedatremotehamletsincountries yria-basedgeneticresourcescientist year. Thedocumentaryreflectsthemounting suchasArmeniaand Tajikistan,andwhyitslittle DrKenStreetmakesanincongruous publicawarenessandinterestinenvironmental convoyofmechanicallychallengedrussian sighthunchedagainstthecold, impactsonfoodproductionandoverarching vanskeepsstoppingforpeopletojumpout murky,arcticair,peeringfrom issuessuchascropbiodiversityandclimate tocollectseedfromscraggygrasseswithlong beneathfrostedeyebrowsatthe change. Thedocumentarywasmadewith Latinnames. Smonolithicconcretestructurethatnowhouses considerableAustraliansupportthroughACIAR, “Torebuildthebiodiversityofourfoodcrops hiswork—cropseedscollectedhalfaworld theATSE CrawfordFund,theGrains Researchand wearegoingbackthroughtime,backwards awayincentralAsiaandthecaucasus(CAC). Development Corporation(GRDC)andthe Centre throughman-madeevolution,”DrStreetsays. Thestructure,juttingfromafrozenmountain, for LegumesinMediterraneanAgricultureinPerth.