DOCSLIB.ORG

Boss Energy Limited Report for Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Boss Energy Limited Report for Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study Boss Energy Limited Report for Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study August 2009 Contents Executive Summary iv 1. Introduction 1 2. Comparison of Shales 4 2.1 Shales from around the world 4 2.2 Tasmanite of the Latrobe Resource 9 3. Shale Technologies 14 3.1 Retorting Processes 15 3.2 Solids based heating 18 3.3 Heat transfer by other means 20 3.4 Alternative Processes 21 4. Technology Comparison 23 4.1 General 23 5. Other Factors 28 5.1 Water Considerations 28 5.2 Energy Considerations 28 5.3 Cost Considerations 28 5.4 Initial Screening 30 5.5 Technology Status and Scheduled Operation 32 5.6 Environmental Effects 33 5.7 Engineering Risks (high level) 37 5.8 Technology Development Plans 38 5.9 Barriers to Oil Shale 38 5.10 Shortlisted Shale to Oil Processes 39 6. Development Alternatives 40 6.1 Tasmanian Shale to liquid facility 40 6.2 Offsite/Toll Processing 40 6.3 Synergistic Applications 41 6.4 Alternative Solutions 41 7. Summary of Findings 43 61/24140/89495 Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study 8. Stage 2 Project Definition 44 8.1 Options 44 8.2 Project Definition 44 9. Bibliography 46 Table Index Table 1.1 History of US Shale Development [18] 1 Table 2.1 Oil Shale Compositions [2] 6 Table 4.1 Summary of major processes (internal GHD report) 25 Table 5.1 CAPEX of plants (source: internal GHD report) 29 Table 5.2 OPEX of plants 29 Table 5.3 OPEX cost split 29 Table 5.4 Surface retorting costs 30 Table 5.5 Status and Evaluation 32 Table 5.6 Environmental Evaluation 34 Table 6.1 Cost component per tonne of Coal 41 Figure Index Figure 2.1 Kukersite (left) and Tasmanite (right) (source: http://www.envir.ee and www.bossenergy.com) 10 Figure 2.2 Boss Energy's Latrobe Resource 11 Figure 2.3 Prepared Mine (ready for extraction) 12 Figure 2.4 Shale Stockpile 12 Figure 2.5 Backfilled pit with topsoil added 12 Figure 3.1 Snapshot of shale to liquid [8] 14 Figure 3.2 A typical gas retort with oil recovery [31] 15 Figure 3.3 The ATP Processor [31] 19 Figure 3.4 The TSK process (source: http://www.shaleoil.ee/index.php?id=132) 19 Figure 3.5 The Tosco process [31] 20 Figure 3.6 The Chattanooga Process (source: http://www.chattanoogaprocess.com) 22 Figure 5.1 Ash heap and revegetated ash heap (http://www.bspinfo.lt/bspnews/992/992_33.htm) 34 61/24140/89495 Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study Appendices A Boss Energy Report on Bulk Sample China Flats 61/24140/89495 Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study Executive Summary Oil Shale is a potential fuel source of the future. It is often a misnomer as the mineral is neither oil nor shale. The carbon rich component known as kerogen is embedded within the mineral matrix. Shale was discovered in the 1600s and used as fuel similar to coal. It is only with the advent of today’s petroleum based economy that oil from shale was considered. The two major uses for shale are generation of power and extraction of oil. Other uses include utilising the spent shale synergistically with other industry, asphalting roads and to make paint. Boss Energy holds rights to an oil shale resource in Tasmania. This resource contains 42 million tonnes of shale at a shallow depth with another 30 million tonnes at deeper. The median grade of the oil shale is 130 litres of raw shale oil per tonne of dry shale with a high of 300 litres per dry tonne. Conservatively, this equates to a possible 50 million barrels of raw shale oil. Boss Energy has engaged GHD to conduct a Technology Screening Study to determine suitable technologies for developing the resource. The study included researching and evaluating available shale to liquid technologies to identify those that were suitable for the resource and generally commercially proven. Other opportunities for Boss Energy to monetise the resource were also identified. Over 100 technologies were considered in the technology review. From the shale to oil perspective, the Estonian TSK and Petrosix processes are considered the frontrunners. Further investigation of these technologies, which would involve a more in-depth technical and economic evaluation of various options, would be carried out in the next phase. Consultations with stakeholders to understand synergies, influences, commercial return and benefits of other options would assist in proving direction to the next phase. Developing a resource to commercial status could reflect a timeline of 5-10 years, even if the development is based on an established process. Other technologies are under development. The opportunity to leverage newer and more appropriate technologies should they arise is not precluded. Toll treating as a commercial model can not be discounted. Detailed investigation into toll treating was beyond the scope of this study. Mining and exporting the shale to another location, for whatever use, should not be ruled out. A synergistic relationship between the shale processor and another industry is another option. The shale could be combusted completely to provide power at competitive rates to local industry, and the ash utilised elsewhere. Others have studied utilising the ash in the cement industry or to make bricks. The research carried out for this study reaffirms that Oil Shale is an important mineral resource that is increasingly being recognised as a source of energy. Billions of dollars have been invested worldwide in Research and Development and billions are still being spent. 61/24140/89495 Latrobe Oil Shale Resource Technology Screening Study 1. Introduction Boss Energy’s Latrobe oil shale project is based on a resource of Tasmanian oil shale located between Latrobe and Railton, 10 kilometres south-west of the port of Devonport. The Latrobe oil project has a JORC indicated resource of 42 million tonnes of Tasmanite oil shale of which approximately 6 million tonnes is at less than 20 metres depth and amenable to open cut mining methods. An additional JORC compliant inferred resource of 30 million tonnes of Tasmanite oil shale is estimated [4]. Boss Energy (BE) has indicated a desire to monetise the resource as early as possible. To this end BE engaged GHD to undertake a review of available technologies that could be suitable for Tasmanite (Tasmanian Oil Shale), the shale present in the Latrobe resource. A secondary objective is to consider other opportunities for monetising the resource. The history of extraction of oil from shale goes back more than 100 years [1]. Over the past hundred years, in the U.S., the development of shale has been intermittent. Although considerable investment has been made oil from shale has not reached sustained commercial quantities owing to availability and price of crude oil. The number of processes has been limited by a constraining the study to processes that are suitable to similar shales and mining techniques. The table below represents the history of oil shale development in the US. Similar developments have occurred worldwide leading to a plethora of processes. The research carried out for this study has indicated close to 100 processes that claim to be able to extract oil from shale. This study was a measured approach and focuses on those processes that have a history and for which verifiable information is available in the public domain. This evidence should necessarily be of the form of Government reports/publications and peer reviewed journal articles. We have also drawn upon internal GHD reports to support this study. The study highlights those processes that are relevant to Tasmanite and then evaluate them against a set of parameters that best reflect the way forward for BE Table 1.1 below is a brief history. Table 1.1 History of US Shale Development [18] Year Milestone 1909 U.S. Government creates U.S. Naval Oil Shale Reserve 1910 Oil shale lands “claim-staked” 1916 USGS estimates 40 B Bbls of shale oil in Green River formation in CO, WY, and UT 1917 First oil shale retort kiln in DeBeque, Co. 1918 First oil shale boom begins with over 30 0 mining clams; lasts until 1925 1920 Mineral Leasing Act requires shale lands be leased through the Secretary of Interior 1929 Test retort at Rulison stops at 3 600 bbls after oil discoveries in CA, TX, and OK 1944 U.S. Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act provides 18 million for experiments at Anvil Points 61/24140/89495 Latrobe Oil Shale Resource 1 Technology Screening Study Year Milestone 1950s Gulf Oil and Shell Oil both purchase oil shale lands in Green River formation 1956 Anvil Points operations cease after testing three experimental retort processes 1961 Unocal shuts down Parachute Creek “Union A” retort after 18 months and 800b/d due to cost 1964 Colorado School of Mines leases Anvil Points facility to conduct research on US Bureau of Mines Gas Combustion Retorts 1967 CER and U.S. AEC abandon plans for “Project Bronco” atomic subsurface retort 3 1972 Tosco, Sohio and Cleveland Cliffs halt Colony oil shale project begun in 1964 after 270000 bblof production 1972 Occidental Petroleum conducts first of six in-situ oil shale experiments at Logan Wash 1972 Paraho is formed as a consortium of 17 companies, obtains a lease of Anvil Points facility and builds and operates 24 ton/day pilot plant and 240 ton/day semi-works plant. 1970s Shell researches Piceance Creek in-situ steam injection process for oil shale and nahcolite 1974 Four oil shale leases issued by BLM under Interior’s Prototype Leasing Program.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development
    5th Edition Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development Prepared by INTEK, Inc. For the U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Petroleum Reserves Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Fifth Edition: September 2011 Note to Readers Regarding the Revised Edition (September 2011) This report was originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy in June 2007. The report and its contents have since been revised and updated to reflect changes and progress that have occurred in the domestic oil shale and tar sands industries since the first release and to include profiles of additional companies engaged in oil shale and tar sands resource and technology development. Each of the companies profiled in the original report has been extended the opportunity to update its profile to reflect progress, current activities and future plans. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (DOE/NPOSR) as a part of the AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC (AOC- PSS) Contract Number DE-FE0000175 (Task 30). Mr. Khosrow Biglarbigi of INTEK, Inc. served as the Project Manager. AOC-PSS and INTEK, Inc. wish to acknowledge the efforts of representatives of the companies that provided information, drafted revised or reviewed company profiles, or addressed technical issues associated with their companies, technologies, and project efforts. Special recognition is also due to those who directly performed the work on this report. Mr. Peter M. Crawford, Director at INTEK, Inc., served as the principal author of the report.
    [Show full text]
  • R&D Data Gaps Identified for Model Development of Oil
    OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NETL’S UNCONVENTIONAL OIL RESOURCE REPOSITORY Mark W. Smith+, Lawrence J. Shadle∗, and Daniel L. Hill+ National Energy Technology Laboratory U. S. Department of Energy 3610 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown, West Virginia 26507-0880 +REM Engineering Services, PLLC 3537 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 ABSTRACT- The history of oil shale development was examined by gathering relevant research literature for an Unconventional Oil Resource Repository. This repository contains over 17,000 entries from over 1,000 different sources. The development of oil shale has been hindered by a number of factors. These technical, political, and economic factors have brought about R&D boom-bust cycles. It is not surprising that these cycles are strongly correlated to market crude oil prices. However, it may be possible to influence some of the other factors through a sustained, yet measured, approach to R&D in both the public and private sectors. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Shale development in the United States began in the late 1800’s. The technology commonly applied was called retorting and the application was generally for domestic uses. However, as industrialization proceeded there have been economic cycles in which the required liquid fuels have been in short supply and entrepreneurs have turned to the vast proven oil shale reserves of the Green River Formation. The USGS estimates greater than 2 Trillion barrels of oil are available in the US in the form of oil shale with nearly 1.4 Trillion barrels being concentrated in the rich deposits of the Green River Basin (Dyni, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Generally View
    ISSN 2070-5379 Neftegasovaâ geologiâ. Teoriâ i practika (RUS) URL: http://www.ngtp.ru 1 Morariu D. Petroleum Geologist, Geneva, Switzerland, [email protected] Averyanova O.Yu. All-Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI), Saint Petersburg, Russia, [email protected] SOME ASPECTS OF OIL SHALE - FINDING KEROGEN TO GENERATE OIL Oil demand is predicted to continue to increase despite the high price of oil. The lagging supply increased the prices for oil and gas and a definitive oil replacement has still not been found. Huge oil shale resources discovered in the world, if developed, may increase petroleum supplies. Developing of oil shale needs the availability of low cost production; the greatest risks facing oil shale developing are higher production expenses and lower oil prices. There are several technologies for producing oil from kerogen bearing oil shale, by pyrolysis (heating, retorting). Oil shale is still technologically difficult and expensive to produce and the major impediment is cost. Developing oil shale accumulations means to face huge challenges, but an efficient oil shale development can be accomplished and an acceptable oil shale industry based on new technologies can be built nowadays. Key words: shale, continuous accumulation, oil shale, shale oil, total organic carbon, Rock- Eval, reserves estimation, Fischer assay, mining and retorting, in situ retorting and extraction, in capsule extraction. Introduction Continuous accumulations are extensive petroleum reservoirs not necessarily related to conventional structural or stratigraphic traps [Klett and Charpentier, 2006]. These accumulations lack well defined down-dip petroleum water contacts and these are not localised by the buoyancy of oil or natural gas in water [Schmoker, 1996].
    [Show full text]
  • Technology Base
    I onl,l unlaoa I t' I ' f xtracting oil from shale has always E b""n-"t best-an expensive, risky proposition. Even now, as oil shale gradu- ally lumbers toward commercial produc- tion, some doubs linger about whether or not producing oil from shale will prove profitable, particularly in light of today's economics. But at Paraho Development CorP. in Technology Base Crand Junction, CO, no such unce(ainties seem to exist, and managers of the small company (approximately 100 employees), bustle with enthusiasm for the oil shale industry in general and Paraho in particu- lar. Paraho has doubled the number of employees in the past year, and if all goes as planned, could have 1,500-2,000 employ- ees by 1986. Those plans include a pro- posed commercial oil shale faciliry the Paraho-Ute project, 50 miles southeast of Vernal, UT, as well as continued expansion of the company's research and technology, including maintaining the facility at Anvil Points, near Rifle, CO. Back to the Poinb In fact, Paraho's history is firmly an- chored to Anvil Points, where the U.S. Navy holds shale lands known as Naval Re- serves One and Three. During the 1940s and 1950s, the federal government, primar- ily through the U.S. Bureau of Mines, con- ducted research on oil shale mining and processing at the site, and the knowledge gained in those years has served as a basis for much of the shale technology used today. John B. Jones, Jr., a chemical en- gineer, was one of the researchers who worked on the project and helped develop the Bureau of Mines retort, a vessel in which crushed shale is heated to remove the oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Pace Syntfletic Fne Its Report
    pace syntfletic fne its report OIL SHALE 0 COAL 0 OIL SANDS VOLUME 25 - NUMBER 4 - DECEMBER 1988 QUARTERLY Tsll Ertl Repository s Library ; Jhoi of M:cs ®THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. Reg. U.S. P.I. OFF. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report Is published by The Pace Consultants Inc., as a multi-client service and Is intended for the sole use of the clients or organizations affiliated with clients by virtue of a relationship equivalent to 51 percent or greater ownership. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report is protected by the copyright laws of the United States; reproduction of any part of the publication requires the express permission of The Pace Con- sultants Inc. The Pace Consultants Inc., has provided energy consulting and engineering services since 1955. The company's experience includes resource evalua- tion, process development and design, systems planning, marketing studies, licensor comparisons, environmental planning, and economic analysis. The Synthetic Fuels Analysis group prepares a variety of periodic and other reports analyzing developments in the energy field. THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. SYNTHETIC FUELS ANALYSIS F V.1 I V1t'J 1 1 [tU :4i] j Jerry E. Sinor Pt Office Box 649 Niwot, Colorado 80544 (303) 652-2632 BUSINESS MANAGER Horace 0. Hobbs Jr. Post Office Box 53473 Houston, Texas 77052 (713) 669-7816 Telex: 77-4350 CONTENTS HIGHLIGIrFS A-i I. GENERAL CORPORATIONS Davy Buys Dravo Engineering 1-1 New Zealand Synfuels Plant May Sell Methanol i_I Tenneco Dismembers Its Oil and Gas Operations 1-1 GOVERNMENT Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 Becomes Law 1-2 DOT Develops Alternative Fuels Initiative 1-2 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • DOE/ER/30013 Prepared for Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy Agreement No
    DOE/ER/30013 prepared for Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy Agreement No. DE-AC02-81ER30013 SHALE OIL RECOVERY SYSTEMS INCORPORATING ORE BENEFICIATION Final Report, October 1982 by M.A. Weiss, I.V. Klumpar, C.R. Peterson & T.A. Ring Report No. MIT-EL 82-041 Synthetic Fuels Center, Energy Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights. Abstract This study analyzed the recovery of oil from oil shale by use of proposed systems which incorporate beneficiation of the shale ore (that is, concentration of the kerogen) before the oil-recovery step. The objective was to identify systems which could be more attractive than conventional surface retorting of ore. No experimental work was carried out. The systems analyzed consisted of beneficiation methods which could increase kerogen concentrations by at least four-fold. Potentially attractive low-enrichment methods such as density separation were not examined. The technical alternatives considered were bounded by the secondary crusher as input and raw shale oil as output. A sequence of ball milling, froth flotation, and retorting concentrate is not attractive for Western shales compared to conventional ore retorting; transporting the concentrate to another location for retorting reduces air emissions in the ore region but cost reduction is questionable.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Hearing Committee on Natural Resources U.S
    H.R.l: ‘‘AMERICAN-MADE ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE JOBS ACT’’; H.R.l: ‘‘ALASKAN ENERGY FOR AMERICAN JOBS ACT’’; H.R.l: ‘‘PROTECTING INVESTMENT IN OIL SHALE: THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, ENERGY, AND RE- SOURCE SECURITY ACT’’ (PIONEERS ACT); AND H.R. l: COAL MINER EMPLOY- MENT AND DOMESTIC ENERGY INFRA- STRUCTURE PROTECTION ACT.’’ LEGISLATIVE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION Friday, November 18, 2011 Serial No. 112-85 Printed for the use of the Committee on Natural Resources ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov or Committee address: http://naturalresources.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 71-539 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:06 Mar 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 L:\DOCS\71539.TXT Hresour1 PsN: KATHY COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES DOC HASTINGS, WA, Chairman EDWARD J. MARKEY, MA, Ranking Democratic Member Don Young, AK Dale E. Kildee, MI John J. Duncan, Jr., TN Peter A. DeFazio, OR Louie Gohmert, TX Eni F.H. Faleomavaega, AS Rob Bishop, UT Frank Pallone, Jr., NJ Doug Lamborn, CO Grace F. Napolitano, CA Robert J. Wittman, VA Rush D. Holt, NJ Paul C. Broun, GA Rau´ l M. Grijalva, AZ John Fleming, LA Madeleine Z.
    [Show full text]
  • The Alberta Taciuk Process
    UMATAC Industrial Processes A company of Polysius THE ALBERTA TACIUK PROCESS For the Treatment and Recovery of Oil from: x OIL SANDS DEPOSITS x OIL SHALE DEPOSITS x HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED MATERIALS x SPECIALTY THERMAL RECOVERY PROJECTS ATP Systems Developed and Distributed by: UMATAC Industrial Processes A company of Polysius Calgary, Alberta, Canada UMATAC Industrial Processes A company of Polysius AN INTRODUCTION TO UMATAC INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND THE ALBERTA TACIUK PROCESS (ATP) The Alberta Taciuk Process (ATP) is a unique, thermal processing technology applicable to numerous industrial uses for vaporizing and recovering organic constituents that exist in a large range of feed materials. This process was originally developed and exhaustively tested for applicability to treating Alberta oil sands, commencing in 1976. It was later refined for use in oil shales and contaminated wastes treatment options. The uses which have been proven to date include: Extraction and production of oil from oil sands. Extraction and production of oil from oil shales. Remediation of organic, hydrocarbon-bearing wastes or contaminated materials that may be present in soils, sludges and solid wastes. Remediation and recovery of used lubricating oils; and Partial upgrading of heavy oil to produce a pumpable distillate. Other applications that have been tested at small scale include separation of volatile metals, reduction of used rubber products and other solid wastes and reprocessing of off-specification or waste petrochemical products. The flexibility of the ATP for treating these various materials coupled with the ability to meet processing requirements within acceptable product and environmental standards offers potential users an economic and efficient process and equipment package to be considered for industrial uses in the fields of resource development and environmental remediation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomco Energy (TOM LN) Shale Oil's New Dawn
    TomCo Energy (TOM LN) Shale Oil's New Dawn Fox-Davies Capital June 13 TomCo Energy – Shale Oil's New Dawn June 2013 Contents Valuation 4 Summary 4 Discount Rate 5 Sensitivity analysis 6 Fox-Davies Company Scorecard 11 Fox-Davies Snapshot Summary 12 Directors & Officers 13 Sir Nicholas Bonsor Director and Non-Executive Chairman 13 Paul Rankine Director and CEO 13 Miikka Haromo Finance Director 13 Oil Shales 14 Classification & Geology 14 Reserves, Resources and Economics 15 Production from Oil Shales 17 The Holliday Block 20 Location & Access 20 Geology 21 EcoShale Capsule Technology 27 Shale Mining, Capsule Construction & Operation 28 Pilot Test and Simplified Process Description 29 Appendix 34 Basis Conditions for valuation 34 General Approach to Valuation 35 Brent/WTI Price Comparison 36 Oil & Gas in the United States 36 Summary of Alternative Oil Shale Technologies 42 Heritage Foundation’s Measurement of Economic Freedom 47 SPE Petroleum Resources Classification Framework 50 Glossary 53 Index of Figures and Tables 58 Research Disclosures 60 Zac Phillips 60 Investment analyst certification 60 Research Recommendations 60 Research Disclaimers 61 Fox-Davies Capital Coverage 62 Oil & Gas 62 Metals & Mining 63 Notes 64 Disclaimer: Important Information 67 Fox-Davies Contact List 68 Fox-Davies Capital 2 TomCo Energy – Shale Oil's New Dawn June 2013 TomCo Energy Shale Oil's New Dawn The Company is awaiting Red Leaf and Total to complete their EPS trial and commercialisation evaluation before proceeding with heavy expenditures. This places the Company in the most advantageous position, one in which it is best able to NAV: maximise returns.
    [Show full text]
  • P Ace P Nt Flet Ic =Lr
    p ace p nt flet Ic =lr OIL SHALE 0 COAL 0 OIL SANDS 0 NATURAL GAS VOLUME 30- NUMBER 4- DECEMBER 1993 QUARTERLY Tell Ertl Repository r Lakes Library :::o:'zco School of M.Es ®THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. Reg. U.S. Pot, OFF. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report is published by The Pace Consultants Inc., as a multi-client service and Is intended for the sole use of the clients or organizations affiliated with clients by virtue of a relationship equivalent to 51 percent or gieater ownership. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report Is protected by the copyright laws of the United States; reproduction of any part of the publication requires the express permission of The Pace Con- sultants Inc. The Pace Consultants Inc., has provided energy consulting and engineering services since 1955. The company's experience includes resource evalua- tion, process development and design, systems planning, marketing studies, licensor comparisons, environmental planning, and economic analysis. The Synthetic Fuels Analysis group prepares a variety of periodic and other reports analyzing developments in the energy field. THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. SYNTHETIC FUELS ANALYSIS MANAGING EDITOR Jerry E. Sinor Pt Office Box 649 Niwot, Colorado 80544 (303) 652-2632 BUSINESS MANAGER Ronald I. Gist Post Office Box 53473 Houston, Texas 77052 (713) 669-8800 Telex: 77-4350 CONTENTS HIGHLIGHTS A-i I. GENERAL GOVERNMENT DOE Fossil Energy Budget Realigned for 1994 1-1 U.S. DOE and Russian Federation to Cooperate in Fossil Energy 1-2 ECONOMICS MITRE Estimates Synthetic Transport Fuels to Cost $36 Per Barrel 1-3 TECHNOLOGY Hot Gas Cleanup Studied for Biomass Gasificatiop 1-6 INTERNAI1ONAL Methanol Tested as Turbine Fuel in Japan 1-9 1(3CC Project in the United Kingdom Could Use Both Orimulsion and Coal 1-9 RESOURCE U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009
    Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 Promoting the sustainable supply and use of energy for the greatest benefit of all Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 Officers of the World Energy Council SER Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 20099 Pierre Gadonneix Chair Copyright © 2009 World Energy Council Francisco Barnés de Castro Vice Chair, North America All rights reserved. All or part of this publication may be used or Norberto Franco de Medeiros reproduced as long as the following citation is included on each Vice Chair, Latin America/Caribbean copy or transmission: ‘Used by permission of the World Energy Council, London, www.worldenergy.org’ Richard Drouin Vice Chair, Montréal Congress 2010 Published 2009 by: C.P. Jain World Energy Council Chair, Studies Committee Regency House 1-4 Warwick Street London W1B 5LT United Kingdom Younghoon David Kim Vice Chair, Asia Pacific & South Asia ISBN: 0 946121 34 6 Mary M’Mukindia Chair, Programme Committee Marie-José Nadeau Vice Chair, Communications & Outreach Committee Abubakar Sambo Vice Chair, Africa Johannes Teyssen Vice Chair, Europe Elias Velasco Garcia Vice Chair, Special Responsibility for Investment in Infrastructure Graham Ward, CBE Vice Chair, Finance Zhang Guobao Vice Chair, Asia Christoph Frei Secretary General Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 i Contents Contents i 3. Oil Shale 17 Foreword v Australia 17 Introduction vi Brazil 17 China 18 1. Coal 1 Estonia 18 Israel 18 Australia 1 Jordan 18 Chile 1 Morocco 18 Colombia 1 Thailand 19 India 2 United States of America 19 South Africa 2 United States of America 3 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Distinctive Oil Shale Pyrolysis Behavior in Indirectly Heated Fixed Bed With
    RSC Advances PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Distinctive oil shale pyrolysis behavior in indirectly heated fixed bed with internals Cite this: RSC Adv.,2017,7, 21467 Lanxin Lin,ab Dengguo Lai,ab Zhen Shi,ab Zhennan Hanab and Guangwen Xu *ac Intrinsic characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor with internals have been investigated in this study. Mounting particularly designed internals in fixed bed reactor improved shale oil production to up to 90% yield by Fischer assay. Comparing particle characteristics at different radial positions of the reactors with and without internals demonstrated that, inside the particle bed with internals, the product flow was regulated to move from the high-temperature zone (outer) to low-temperature zone (center), which reduced the secondary reactions of released volatiles. Terminating oil shale pyrolysis at central particle bed temperatures of 150, 300, 450, and 550 C showed that the contents of vacuum gas oil and heavy oil in the shale oil produced had increased from 9.63 wt% to 53.29 wt%. The volatile contents of particles in the inner layer of the reactor slightly increased in the early stage of pyrolysis and, in turn, decomposed to form pyrolysis products as the temperature was raised. The adsorption or condensation of liquids on Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. the surface of particles gradually increased from the outer region to the central region of the reactor due to the regulated product flow direction and low temperatures in the central zone of the reactor causing heavy components to condense. Increasing the degree of pyrolysis was also found to decrease Received 25th February 2017 the alkene, aromatic, and cycloalkane contents in shale oil, but increased those of alkane and Accepted 3rd April 2017 heteroatomic compounds.
    [Show full text]