R&D Data Gaps Identified for Model Development of Oil
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Oil Shale in Jordan 1 2.1
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES Mineral Status and Future Opportunity OIL SHALE Prepared By Dr Jamal Alali Geo. Abdelfattah Abu Salah Dr. Suha M. Yasin Geo. Wasfi Al Omari Edited By Geo. Julia Sahawneh Geo. Marwan Madanat 2014 Oil Shale Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2014 CONTENTS List of Contents I List of Figures II List of Tables II 1. Introduction 1 2. Geology of Oil Shale in Jordan 1 2.1. Origin and Definition 1 2.2. Mineralogy and Chemistry of Oil Shale 2 2.3. Uses and Industrial Applications of Oil Shale 3 3. Oil Shale Deposits 3 3.1. El-Lajjun Deposit 4 3.2. Sultani Oil Shale Deposit 6 3.3. Attarat Umm Ghudran Oil Shale Deposit 8 3.4. Wadi Maghar Oil Shale Deposit 9 3.5. Khan Az Zabib Deposit 10 3.6. Jurf Ed Darawish Deposit 11 3.7. Siwaqa Deposit 11 3.8. El Hasa Deposit 12 3.9. Eth Thamad/ Madaba Area 4. Summary of Previous Technical Activities 12 5. Mining Aspects 14 5.1. Overburden 14 5.2. Ore Body of the Oil Shale 14 5.3. Reserves 14 5.4. Mining Method 15 6. Oil shale Technologies and Exploitation Worldwide 17 6.1. Crude Oil Production 17 6.2. Power Generation 18 7. Investment Opportunities and Outlook 19 7.1. Crude Oil Production 20 7.2. Direct Combustion 20 8. References 23 I Oil Shale Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2014 List of Figures Figure (1): Location map of the major oil shale deposits. 5 Figure (2): Oil Shale outcrop in El-Lajjun deposit. -
Shale Development
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT • Shale Oil - A Competitive Fuel In the 1960's TElL ERTL' CAMERON & JONES, INC. MEMBER AIME DENVER, COLO. Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/JPT/article-pdf/13/10/983/2213551/spe-69-pa.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 tion yields three products: (1) a high-carbon residue which remains with the rock; (2) a non condensable gas that is chiefly hydrogen and methane; and (3) a condensable gas that is condensed to shale oil. The shale oil recovery may represent up to 70 per cent of the fuel value of the origi nal organic matter (Fig. 3). Oil shales of commercial interest yield 5 to 15 weight per cent shale oil. Shale oil may be considered a protein or carbohydrate, in contrast to petroleum which is a hydrocarbon. The molecules of shale oil are thought to contain not only carbon and hydrogen, but also oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. A high percentage of the molecules are unsaturated. The organic matter in the oil shale or the shale oil, itself, often is referred to as kerogen (which means wax-forming) be cause much wax can be crystallized from shale oils. Oil Shale Resources Some of the oil-shale deposits, such as the Chattanooga black shales of the United States and the Irati oil shale of southern Brazil, underlie more than 100,000 sq miles of area. Others, like the Swedish K varntorp deposit, the Spanish Puertollano deposit and the German Messel deposit, occur in basins only a few square miles in area. The important deposits of the world, in which enough exploration has been done to designate reserves of oil Original manuscript received in Society of Petroleum Engineers office Fi~. -
Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development
5th Edition Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development Prepared by INTEK, Inc. For the U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Petroleum Reserves Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Fifth Edition: September 2011 Note to Readers Regarding the Revised Edition (September 2011) This report was originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy in June 2007. The report and its contents have since been revised and updated to reflect changes and progress that have occurred in the domestic oil shale and tar sands industries since the first release and to include profiles of additional companies engaged in oil shale and tar sands resource and technology development. Each of the companies profiled in the original report has been extended the opportunity to update its profile to reflect progress, current activities and future plans. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (DOE/NPOSR) as a part of the AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC (AOC- PSS) Contract Number DE-FE0000175 (Task 30). Mr. Khosrow Biglarbigi of INTEK, Inc. served as the Project Manager. AOC-PSS and INTEK, Inc. wish to acknowledge the efforts of representatives of the companies that provided information, drafted revised or reviewed company profiles, or addressed technical issues associated with their companies, technologies, and project efforts. Special recognition is also due to those who directly performed the work on this report. Mr. Peter M. Crawford, Director at INTEK, Inc., served as the principal author of the report. -
Extraction of Oil Shale: Surface and in Situ Retorting - Victor Yefimov and Shuyuan Li
COAL, OIL SHALE, NATURAL BITUMEN, HEAVY OIL AND PEAT – Vol. II -Extraction of Oil Shale: Surface and In Situ Retorting - Victor Yefimov and Shuyuan Li EXTRACTION OF OIL SHALE: SURFACE AND IN SITU RETORTING Victor Yefimov Oil Shale Research Institute, Kohtla-Järve, Estonia Shuyuan Li University of Petroleum, Beijing, China Keywords: Extraction, oil shale, surface retorting, in-situ retorting, retorting, pyrolytic technique, directly gas heated retorts, indirectly gas heated retorts, directly solid heated retorts, Pumpherston retort, Salermo retort, Paraho retort, Fushun type retort, Petrosix retort, Superior circular grate retort, Kiviter retort, Tosco retort, Lurgi–Ruhrgas retort, Galoter retort, Taciuk retort, vertical shaft kiln, true in-situ method, modified in-situ method, pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, shale oil, gas, product, residual carbon, spent shale, carbonaceous residue, pyrolysis residue, fixed carbon, solid heat carrier, Fischer assay, mist Contents 1. Introduction 2. Surface Retorting Processes 2.1 Indirectly Gas Heated Retort 2.1.1 Pumpherston Retort 2.1.2 Salermo Retort 2.2. Directly Gas Heated Retort 2.2.1. Paraho Retort 2.2.2. Fushun Type Retort 2.2.3. Superior Circular Grate Retort 2.2.4. Kiviter Retort 2.2.5. Petrosix Retort 2.2.6. Union Retort 2.3. Directly Solid Heated Retort 2.3.1. Galoter Retort 2.3.2. Tosco II Retort 2.3.3. TaciukUNESCO Process – EOLSS 2.3.4. Lurgi–Ruhrgas Retort 3. In Situ Retorting Processes 3.1 Vertical ModifiedSAMPLE In Situ Process CHAPTERS 3.2 Horizontal Modified In Situ Process Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The pyrolytic technique of destructive volatilization is commonly referred to as low temperature oil shale retorting. -
Oil Shale Development in the United States: Prospects and Policy Issues
INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY organization providing objective analysis and POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND Support RAND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Oil Shale Development in the United States Prospects and Policy Issues James T. Bartis, Tom LaTourrette, Lloyd Dixon, D.J. Peterson, Gary Cecchine Prepared for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy The research described in this report was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a division of the RAND Corporation, for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. -
Tomco Energy (TOM LN) Shale Oil's New Dawn
TomCo Energy (TOM LN) Shale Oil's New Dawn Fox-Davies Capital June 13 TomCo Energy – Shale Oil's New Dawn June 2013 Contents Valuation 4 Summary 4 Discount Rate 5 Sensitivity analysis 6 Fox-Davies Company Scorecard 11 Fox-Davies Snapshot Summary 12 Directors & Officers 13 Sir Nicholas Bonsor Director and Non-Executive Chairman 13 Paul Rankine Director and CEO 13 Miikka Haromo Finance Director 13 Oil Shales 14 Classification & Geology 14 Reserves, Resources and Economics 15 Production from Oil Shales 17 The Holliday Block 20 Location & Access 20 Geology 21 EcoShale Capsule Technology 27 Shale Mining, Capsule Construction & Operation 28 Pilot Test and Simplified Process Description 29 Appendix 34 Basis Conditions for valuation 34 General Approach to Valuation 35 Brent/WTI Price Comparison 36 Oil & Gas in the United States 36 Summary of Alternative Oil Shale Technologies 42 Heritage Foundation’s Measurement of Economic Freedom 47 SPE Petroleum Resources Classification Framework 50 Glossary 53 Index of Figures and Tables 58 Research Disclosures 60 Zac Phillips 60 Investment analyst certification 60 Research Recommendations 60 Research Disclaimers 61 Fox-Davies Capital Coverage 62 Oil & Gas 62 Metals & Mining 63 Notes 64 Disclaimer: Important Information 67 Fox-Davies Contact List 68 Fox-Davies Capital 2 TomCo Energy – Shale Oil's New Dawn June 2013 TomCo Energy Shale Oil's New Dawn The Company is awaiting Red Leaf and Total to complete their EPS trial and commercialisation evaluation before proceeding with heavy expenditures. This places the Company in the most advantageous position, one in which it is best able to NAV: maximise returns. -
P Ace P Nt Flet Ic =Lr
p ace p nt flet Ic =lr OIL SHALE 0 COAL 0 OIL SANDS 0 NATURAL GAS VOLUME 30- NUMBER 4- DECEMBER 1993 QUARTERLY Tell Ertl Repository r Lakes Library :::o:'zco School of M.Es ®THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. Reg. U.S. Pot, OFF. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report is published by The Pace Consultants Inc., as a multi-client service and Is intended for the sole use of the clients or organizations affiliated with clients by virtue of a relationship equivalent to 51 percent or gieater ownership. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report Is protected by the copyright laws of the United States; reproduction of any part of the publication requires the express permission of The Pace Con- sultants Inc. The Pace Consultants Inc., has provided energy consulting and engineering services since 1955. The company's experience includes resource evalua- tion, process development and design, systems planning, marketing studies, licensor comparisons, environmental planning, and economic analysis. The Synthetic Fuels Analysis group prepares a variety of periodic and other reports analyzing developments in the energy field. THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. SYNTHETIC FUELS ANALYSIS MANAGING EDITOR Jerry E. Sinor Pt Office Box 649 Niwot, Colorado 80544 (303) 652-2632 BUSINESS MANAGER Ronald I. Gist Post Office Box 53473 Houston, Texas 77052 (713) 669-8800 Telex: 77-4350 CONTENTS HIGHLIGHTS A-i I. GENERAL GOVERNMENT DOE Fossil Energy Budget Realigned for 1994 1-1 U.S. DOE and Russian Federation to Cooperate in Fossil Energy 1-2 ECONOMICS MITRE Estimates Synthetic Transport Fuels to Cost $36 Per Barrel 1-3 TECHNOLOGY Hot Gas Cleanup Studied for Biomass Gasificatiop 1-6 INTERNAI1ONAL Methanol Tested as Turbine Fuel in Japan 1-9 1(3CC Project in the United Kingdom Could Use Both Orimulsion and Coal 1-9 RESOURCE U.S. -
Distinctive Oil Shale Pyrolysis Behavior in Indirectly Heated Fixed Bed With
RSC Advances PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Distinctive oil shale pyrolysis behavior in indirectly heated fixed bed with internals Cite this: RSC Adv.,2017,7, 21467 Lanxin Lin,ab Dengguo Lai,ab Zhen Shi,ab Zhennan Hanab and Guangwen Xu *ac Intrinsic characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor with internals have been investigated in this study. Mounting particularly designed internals in fixed bed reactor improved shale oil production to up to 90% yield by Fischer assay. Comparing particle characteristics at different radial positions of the reactors with and without internals demonstrated that, inside the particle bed with internals, the product flow was regulated to move from the high-temperature zone (outer) to low-temperature zone (center), which reduced the secondary reactions of released volatiles. Terminating oil shale pyrolysis at central particle bed temperatures of 150, 300, 450, and 550 C showed that the contents of vacuum gas oil and heavy oil in the shale oil produced had increased from 9.63 wt% to 53.29 wt%. The volatile contents of particles in the inner layer of the reactor slightly increased in the early stage of pyrolysis and, in turn, decomposed to form pyrolysis products as the temperature was raised. The adsorption or condensation of liquids on Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. the surface of particles gradually increased from the outer region to the central region of the reactor due to the regulated product flow direction and low temperatures in the central zone of the reactor causing heavy components to condense. Increasing the degree of pyrolysis was also found to decrease Received 25th February 2017 the alkene, aromatic, and cycloalkane contents in shale oil, but increased those of alkane and Accepted 3rd April 2017 heteroatomic compounds. -
Oil Shales in the World and Turkey; Reserves, Current Situation and Future Prospects: a Review
Oil Shale, 2006, Vol. 23, No. 3 ISSN 0208-189X pp. 211–227 © 2006 Estonian Academy Publishers OIL SHALES IN THE WORLD AND TURKEY; RESERVES, CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS: A REVIEW N. E. ALTUN*(a), C. HIÇYILMAZ(a), J.-Y. HWANG(b), A. SUAT BAĞCI(c), M. V. KÖK**(c) (a) Department of Mining Eng. Middle East Technical University 06531, Ankara, Turkey (b) Michigan Technological University Institute of Materials Processing 1400 Townsend Dr. 49931 Houghton, MI, USA (c) Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Eng. Middle East Technical University 06531, Ankara, Turkey Oil shales, which are kerogen-rich sediments, are one of the most important energy alternatives. The widely distributed deposits around the world and their vast amounts make them a promising option as a source of oil or as a solid fuel supplement. Nevertheless, the economics of retorting does not allow their utilization for oil production on a large scale with a few excep- tions. Oil shale is an important potential energy resource for Turkey, being the second largest fossil energy source after lignite. This paper aims to emphasize the important aspects about oil shales so as to give ideas about their importance as an alternative source. The definition of oil shale, mode of occurrence and the use of resources in the world and in Turkey are reviewed and the opportunities for prospective utilization in the future are provided. Introduction Energy production is one of the most important concerns of the world. The inevitable dependence of the industrialized world on energy requires the sustainable development of energy. To develop an energy policy that can both ensure current needs and meet future expectations, a number of aspects * Corresponding authors: e-mail [email protected] ** [email protected] 212 N. -
Jordan's Commercial Oil Shale Exploitation Strategy
27th Oil Shale Symposium Colorado School of Mines 15-17 October, 2007 Jordan's Commercial Oil Shale Exploitation Strategy Eng. Munther S. Besieso Senior Technical Advisor, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources P.O. Box 140027, Amman 11814, Jordan [email protected] Abstract This paper explains Jordan's Oil Shale Development Strategy and discuses the mechanisms to put Jordan on the road to greater energy independence and make it a pioneer country in commercial applications. The future beneficial use of the oil shale resources depends on the following facts: 1. Suitable oil shale technologies that have already been developed to use oil shale economically and cleanly can be employed successfully in Jordan. 2. Oil shale is Jordan’s most extensive domestic fossil-fuel source throughout the 21st cen- tury and beyond. 3. Jordan ranks third in the world of oil shale reserves. The identified reserves are more than 70 billion metric tones. Jordan has signed five Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with international companies to undertake viability studies for the use of well-known surface mining and retorting tech- nologies such as: Petrosix, Kiviter, Galoter and ATP, and with Shell to undertake a full comprehensive assessment of employing the deep In Situ Conversion Process. During the coming months, a pilot and a demonstration phase will be established to be followed by commercial production of shale oil and/or electricity substituting for imported crude oil and petroleum products. Oil shale is seen as a viable option at today’s oil prices so that oil shale use will result in significant savings in foreign exchange, improve Jordan’s energy supply and security and create new jobs. -
Assessment of Plans and Progress on US Bureau of Land Management Oil Shale RD&D Leases in the United States Peter M
Assessment of Plans and Progress on US Bureau of Land Management Oil Shale RD&D Leases in the United States Peter M. Crawford, Christopher Dean, and Jeffrey Stone, INTEK, Inc. James C. Killen, US Department of Energy Purpose This paper describes the original plans, progress and accomplishments, and future plans for nine oil shale research, development and demonstration (RD&D) projects on six existing RD&D leases awarded in 2006 and 2007 by the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to Shell, Chevron, EGL (now AMSO), and OSEC (now Enefit American, respectively); as well as three pending leases to Exxon, Natural Soda, and AuraSource, that were offered in 2010. The outcomes associated with these projects are expected to have global applicability. I. Background The United States is endowed with more than 6 trillion barrels of oil shale resources, of which between 800 billion and 1.4 trillion barrels of resources, primarily in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah may be recoverable using known and emerging technologies. (Figure 11) These resources represent the largest and most concentrated oil shale resources in the world. More than 75 percent of these resources are located on Federal lands managed by the Department of the Interior. BLM is responsible for making land use decisions and managing exploration of energy and mineral resource on Federal lands. In 2003, rising oil prices and increasing concerns about the economic costs and security of oil imports gave rise to a BLM oil shale research, development and demonstration (RD&D) program on lands managed by BLM in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. -
Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan
Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan ! "!!# a & H/ N c ^8H_ !"# $% & '()# *!+, -(!. /(! 0(!&1 $(R+ 3#/ &, 4++5 *!&!)67 8 9 :8 ;< =<( 3( 5 9::>??8; =)!<(!51 !"# $% & '()# *!+ -(!. /(! 0(!& & P ?,;AY<CA/C AT6"-AT68 '(CA2*>,E( (C;.A2T012E(3<-;T "#$%&' ())$$$"# * $#,% ())$$"#$ * . / ) 0 1 23 45 6 7))8 9): ) ()) <=$$ * IR.0 > E(W$QA\R=(M Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan “Meanwhile, we are dealing pro-actively to overcome our limited natural resources. By better managing water resources, and increasing supply through desalination, while providing new solar, wind, and nuclear energy sources, Jordan‘s future development will be secured”. * His Majesty King Abdullah II, the Jordan Investment Forum, 2007 “The sun-belt and the technology belt can become very powerful when they begin to understand themselves as a community: a community of energy, water and climate security; a community for their common future.” * H.R.H. Prince El Hassan Bin Talal, World Energy Dialogue, Hannover Messe, April 2006 “The answer for all these crises is the change to renewable energy, a green culture and green economies. And it is about time for the change to take place,” * H.R.H. Prince Asem Bin Nayef, Green Techies Forum and Exhibition, 2010 “Even if we had the best uranium reserves in the world, we would still need to pursue oil shale and other energy sources…”; “However, I think the technology to extract oil from oil shale is still under development, whereas nuclear is a well-proven technology,” * H.E. Dr. Khaled Toukan, the Head of Jordan’s Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) “We believe more than 3,000 jobs in the coming few years will be created from renewable energy, the GDP will increase 2.5 – 4% because of investment in renewable energy.