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Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan

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Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan ! "!!# a & H/ N c ^8H_ !"# $% & '()# *!+, -(!. /(! 0(!&1 $(R+ 3#/ &, 4++5 *!&!)67 8 9 :8 ;< =<( 3( 5 9::>??8; =)!<(!51 !"# $% & '()# *!+ -(!. /(! 0(!& & P ?,;AY<CA/C AT6"-AT68 '(CA2*>,E( (C;.A2T012E(3<-;T "#$%&' ())$$$"# * $#,% ())$$"#$ * . / ) 0 1 23 45 6 7))8 9): ) ()) <=$$ * IR.0 > E(W$QA\R=(M Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan “Meanwhile, we are dealing pro-actively to overcome our limited natural resources. By better managing water resources, and increasing supply through desalination, while providing new solar, wind, and nuclear energy sources, Jordan‘s future development will be secured”. * His Majesty King Abdullah II, the Jordan Investment Forum, 2007 “The sun-belt and the technology belt can become very powerful when they begin to understand themselves as a community: a community of energy, water and climate security; a community for their common future.” * H.R.H. Prince El Hassan Bin Talal, World Energy Dialogue, Hannover Messe, April 2006 “The answer for all these crises is the change to renewable energy, a green culture and green economies. And it is about time for the change to take place,” * H.R.H. Prince Asem Bin Nayef, Green Techies Forum and Exhibition, 2010 “Even if we had the best uranium reserves in the world, we would still need to pursue oil shale and other energy sources…”; “However, I think the technology to extract oil from oil shale is still under development, whereas nuclear is a well-proven technology,” * H.E. Dr. Khaled Toukan, the Head of Jordan’s Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) “We believe more than 3,000 jobs in the coming few years will be created from renewable energy, the GDP will increase 2.5 – 4% because of investment in renewable energy. It will bring foreign direct investments; it will also bring new technologies“. * H.E. Eng. Khaled Al Irani, Former Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, 5th November 2010 “Energy Effi ciency is an essential feature of energy policy for all countries: both energy importing and exporting countries. Any discussion of energy policy deals with three issues: Energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Energy effi ciency as a „triple-win“ solution can help to achieve all of these goals. * H.E. Eng. Khaldoun Qutishat, Former Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, 9th November 2009 “Jordan has spotted the international trend where even oil-rich countries have opted to move towards renewable resources, because it makes sense from an environmental, economic, strategic, and security of supply point of view. Jordan has been among the fi rst signers of Desert-Tech Initiative which was initiated as part of the Rome Club. Jordan has been at the forefront of renewable or alternative energy supplies. We have adopted a National Energy Strategy that is driving Jordan to be a net exporter of energy by 2030”. * Moyad Awad, General Manager, Clean Energy Concepts, 7th November 2010 “I am very proud of Jordan because it is trying to fi nd energy solutions and has a portfolio that combines different options to meet its future demand. They inherently have different possibilities for success but here is no one simple and complete solution – the options it have to be varied. What we’re working on right now is defi ning the options for success of ICP on Jordanian oil shale”. * Intisaar Al Kindy, General Manager of Jordan Oil Shale Company, 8th November 2010 Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........................................................................................................................................XIII FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................................... XVI PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................................. XIX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................5 1.1 GLOBAL ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY ................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND CLIMATE CHANGE ........................................................................................... 6 1.3 THE WORLD AND THE ENERGY DILEMMA ....................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2: JORDAN PROFILE AND CIRCUMSTANCES ..................................................................................... 10 2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2 JORDAN: GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................ 10 2.3 JORDAN: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 JORDAN: GEOPOLITICAL POSITION ................................................................................................................ 13 2.5 JORDAN: GEOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATE PROFILE ............................................................................................. 13 2.6 JORDAN: ECONOMIC PROFILE ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.7 JORDAN: CLIMATE CHANGE AS A BIG THREAT .............................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 3: JORDAN ENERGY ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 17 3.1 JORDAN ENERGY GROWTH ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 17 3.2 JORDAN PATTERNS OF ENERGY SUPPLY & CONSUMPTION ............................................................................ 21 3.2.1 Growing dependence on fossil fuel imports: 1990 – 2002 .................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Jordan energy insecurity: 2003 – 2008 ................................................................................................. 21 3.2.3 Jordan energy move: natural gas & oil shale ........................................................................................ 22 3.2.4 Jordan energy recent status: 2009 – 2010 ............................................................................................ 23 CHAPTER 4: ENERGY POLICY & ANALYSIS IN JORDAN .................................................................................... 25 4.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON ENERGY POLICY ..................................................................................... 25 4.3 JORDAN’S ENERGY POLICY ........................................................................................................................... 27 4.3.1 Energy Policy, Laws, and Strategies ...................................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 Adopted Energy Strategy ..................................................................................................................... 31 4.4 RE & EE REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................... 34 4.4.1 Global Perspective ............................................................................................................................... 34 4.4.1.1 Germany: World Leader in Renewable Energy ........................................................................ 36 4.4.1.2 Japan: World Leader in PV Industry ........................................................................................ 37 4.4.2 Jordan Perspective: RE Initiatives .......................................................................................................... 38 Sustainable Energy Mix and Policy Framework for Jordan 4.5 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN JORDAN .................................................................................................................... 41 4.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 41 4.5.2 Energy Effi ciency Challenges in Jordan ................................................................................................ 42 4.5.3 Energy Effi ciency and Behavioral Change ............................................................................................. 42 4.5.4 Non-Government Role in EE ................................................................................................................ 43 4.5.5 Government Role in EE ........................................................................................................................ 43 4.5.6 Energy
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