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Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 Promoting the sustainable supply and use of energy for the greatest benefit of all Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 Officers of the World Energy Council SER Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 20099 Pierre Gadonneix Chair Copyright © 2009 World Energy Council Francisco Barnés de Castro Vice Chair, North America All rights reserved. All or part of this publication may be used or Norberto Franco de Medeiros reproduced as long as the following citation is included on each Vice Chair, Latin America/Caribbean copy or transmission: ‘Used by permission of the World Energy Council, London, www.worldenergy.org’ Richard Drouin Vice Chair, Montréal Congress 2010 Published 2009 by: C.P. Jain World Energy Council Chair, Studies Committee Regency House 1-4 Warwick Street London W1B 5LT United Kingdom Younghoon David Kim Vice Chair, Asia Pacific & South Asia ISBN: 0 946121 34 6 Mary M’Mukindia Chair, Programme Committee Marie-José Nadeau Vice Chair, Communications & Outreach Committee Abubakar Sambo Vice Chair, Africa Johannes Teyssen Vice Chair, Europe Elias Velasco Garcia Vice Chair, Special Responsibility for Investment in Infrastructure Graham Ward, CBE Vice Chair, Finance Zhang Guobao Vice Chair, Asia Christoph Frei Secretary General Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 i Contents Contents i 3. Oil Shale 17 Foreword v Australia 17 Introduction vi Brazil 17 China 18 1. Coal 1 Estonia 18 Israel 18 Australia 1 Jordan 18 Chile 1 Morocco 18 Colombia 1 Thailand 19 India 2 United States of America 19 South Africa 2 United States of America 3 4. Natural Bitumen and Extra-Heavy Oil 20 2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids 8 Canada 20 Venezuela 20 Brazil 8 Canada 8 5. Natural Gas 21 China 9 Ecuador 9 Australia 21 Gabon 9 China 21 Ghana 9 Egypt (Arab Republic) 21 India 10 Iran (Islamic Republic) 22 Indonesia 10 Kazakhstan 22 Iran (Islamic Republic) 10 Kuwait 22 Libya/GSPLAJ 10 Saudi Arabia 22 Malaysia 10 United Kingdom 23 Mexico 10 United States of America 23 Neutral Zone 11 Venezuela 23 Norway 11 Vietnam 23 Russian Federation 11 Uganda 11 6. Part I: Uranium 28 United Kingdom 11 United States of America 12 Australia 28 Venezuela 12 Bulgaria 29 Canada 29 China 29 India 29 Jordan 30 Kazakhstan 30 Namibia 30 Niger 31 Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 ii Russian Federation 31 United Arab Emirates 39 South Africa 31 United Kingdom 39 Ukraine 32 United States of America 39 6. Part II: Nuclear 35 7. Hydropower 41 Argentina 35 Argentina 41 Armenia 35 Australia 41 Belarus 35 Bhutan 41 Brazil 35 Bolivia 41 Bulgaria 35 Brazil 41 Canada 35 Cambodia 42 China 36 Cameroon 42 Czech Republic 36 Canada 42 Estonia 36 Chile 42 Finland 36 China 42 France 36 Colombia 42 Hungary 36 Congo (Democratic Republic) 42 India 36 Costa Rica 43 Indonesia 37 Ecuador 43 Iran (Islamic Republic) 37 Ghana 43 Italy 37 Guyana 43 Japan 37 Iceland 43 Jordan 37 India 43 Kazakhstan 37 Indonesia 43 Korea (Republic) 37 Iran (Islamic Republic) 43 Libya/GSPLAJ 37 Japan 43 Lithuania 37 Laos 44 Malaysia 38 Macedonia (Republic) 44 Nigeria 38 Malaysia 44 Pakistan 38 Mexico 44 Philippines 38 Mozambique 44 Poland 38 Nepal 44 Romania 38 Norway 44 Russian Federation 38 Pakistan 44 Slovakia 38 Panama 44 South Africa 39 Paraguay 44 Sweden 39 Peru 45 Switzerland 39 Philippines 45 Thailand 39 Portugal 45 Turkey 39 Russian Federation 45 Ukraine 39 Sudan 45 Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 iii Tajikistan 45 11. Wind Energy 67 Tanzania 45 Turkey 45 China 67 Uganda 45 France 67 United Kingdom 46 Germany 68 Venezuela 46 India 69 Vietnam 46 Italy 70 Zambia 46 Spain 70 United Kingdom 71 8. Peat 50 United States of America 71 Finland 50 12. Tidal Energy 75 Ireland 50 Sweden 50 Canada 75 France 75 9. Solar Energy 52 United Kingdom 76 United States of America 77 Australia 52 France 53 13. Wave Energy 78 Germany 53 India 54 Australia 78 Italy 55 Denmark 79 Japan 55 Ireland 79 Korea (Republic) 56 Portugal 80 Spain 56 United States of America 57 United Kingdom 81 10. Geothermal Energy 59 14. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 83 El Salvador 59 Cuba 83 France 59 French Polynesia 83 Guatemala 59 India 83 Iceland 60 Indonesia 83 Indonesia 61 New Caledonia 83 Kenya 61 Palau 83 New Zealand 62 Puerto Rico 84 Nicaragua 63 United States of America 84 Papua New Guinea 63 Vanuatu 84 Turkey 63 United States of America 64 Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 iv Abbreviations and Acronyms 85 Conversion Factors and Energy Equivalents 88 Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 v Foreword The 21st edition of the World Energy Council’s Survey of Energy Resources was published in 2007 and the 22nd edition is scheduled for publication in 2010. With rapid changes taking place in the energy markets and the role of energy rising equally rapidly in public affairs, the WEC Studies Committee decided in 2008 to provide an interim update of the status of the most important energy resources. The Studies Committee is most grateful to the Joint SER Editors Judy Trinnaman and Alan Clarke for making the time available to provide this update, which should serve interested parties as a useful document pending the next edition of the full report. C. P. Jain Chair WEC Studies Committee Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 vi Introduction This review provides a concise update of the 2007 Bioenergy is possibly the hardest energy resource Survey of Energy Resources (SER), based upon to quantify and furthermore is infrequently and information available up to March 2009. It thus inconsistently reported on a global basis. As the provides a snapshot of the world’s energy data and supporting commentary in the Country resources at a point approximately mid-way Notes on bioenergy in the full Survey of Energy through the triennial SER cycle. Resources are almost entirely based upon information contributed by WEC Member Emphasis is placed upon changes in assessments Committees, the present update does not include a of fossil-fuel reserves and in the capacity to chapter on bioenergy. generate electricity from renewable energy resources. The principal changes in reserves are Judy Trinnaman and Alan Clarke summarised in tabular form and commented on in Editors brief Country Notes. The Country Notes relating to renewable energy sources endeavour to cover recent developments in actual and planned capacity and utilisation, together with new or revised measures relating to the supply and use of renewable energy. As renewable energy systems and applications develop and proliferate, it is becoming increasingly difficult to devise accurate quantifications of, for example, generating capacity and electrical output. Photovoltaic devices, especially when used off- grid, constitute a difficult area, as they are employed in a large number of applications, ranging in scale from miniscule amounts to a hundred or more megawatts. The present review differs from the full Survey of Energy Resources in being entirely compiled by the Joint Editors from published material, rather than in part reflecting data and commentary provided by Member Committees of the World Energy Council. No questionnaires have been issued in this connection. Survey of Energy Resources Interim Update 2009 World Energy Council 2009 1 1. Coal Worldwide coal resources are well-established, and Australia the revisions and amendments that are made from time to time are generally more in the nature of fine The 2008 edition of Australia’s Identified Mineral tuning than fundamental adjustments. Moreover, in Resources, published by Geoscience Australia, most countries re-assessments of coal resources specifies only moderately changed coal resources and reserves on a national basis are carried out and reserves from the levels given in the 2006 only infrequently. edition. Although in-situ ‘Economic Demonstrated Resources’ of black coal are marginally higher at For the purposes of the present interim update of 56.4 billion tonnes as at end-2007, the recoverable the Survey of Energy Resources (SER), the latest portion is 0.3 lower, at 38.9 billion tonnes. In-situ available estimates of proved recoverable reserves and recoverable brown coal tonnages both show have been assembled, as far as possible on the marginal reductions. same basis as the levels quoted in the 2007 SER. No questionnaires were sent to WEC Member In the case of black coal, the latest assessments of Committees in this connection. recoverable tonnages in the lower-probability categories ‘subeconomic’ and ‘inferred’ resources Comparing the end-2007 coal reserves compiled show rather larger differentials, with the first for this review with the end-2005 figures presented category a net 2 billion tonnes lower and the in the 2007 SER, the global total has declined by second some 4.6 billion tonnes (or 8%) higher than some 21 billion tonnes, or 2.5%. (see Fig. 1). Major at end-2005. ‘Subeconomic’ and ‘inferred’ changes have occurred in six countries, the largest resources of brown coal are unchanged. of which are a reduction of 17.6 billion tonnes in South Africa, a decline of 4.4 billion in the USA and Chile a 2.1 billion increase in India. The Country Notes below provide brief details of the background to the The Comisión Nacional de Energía states that reserve situation in each of the countries Chile’s coal reserves are 155 million tonnes. concerned. Although there is no indication of the date of this assessment, it has been adopted for the purpose of Table 1.1 provides a country-by-country listing of the present interim update in preference to the the world’s coal proved reserves, as far as possible figure of 1 181 million quoted in previous Surveys, on a ‘recoverable’ basis, whilst Table 1.2 shows the which dates back to 1978.
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