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This English Version Is an Unauthorized Automated NOTE THIS ENGLISH SOVA INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL CENTER VERSION IS AN UNAUTHORIZED Alexander Verkhovsky AUTOMATED Political Orthodoxy Russian Orthodox TRANSLATION. Nationalists and Fundamentalists 1995-2001 rr. ORIGINAL RUSSIAN APPENDED ON Moscow P. 160 OF PDF. October 2003 UDC 323.13 (= 161.1) +329.3: 271.2 ((470) BBK 66.1 (2Ros) 6 + 66.69 (2Ros) 6 Contents B36 Introduction ................................................. ................................five Verkhovsky, Alexander Markovich B36 Political Orthodoxy: Russian Orthodox Nationalists I. The main associations and their brief history ....... fifteen Fundamentalists, 1995-2001 / Alexander Verkhovsky. - Moscow: SOVA Center, 2003. - 316 p. (Scientific publication) 1. Organizations and publications ............................................. ..... sixteen 2. Political history .............................................. ..... 24 The monograph is devoted to the analysis of the worldview of Russian Orthodox nationalists, that is, the circle of organizations and publications that base their nationalist ideology on Orthodoxy. Their views are compared across II. Comparative analysis of ideology ..........................32 a range of key positions. The relationship between these views and the position of the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church is discussed in detail. A 1. Russia's place in the world ............................................ .......... 34 general ideological characteristic of the movement of Orthodox nationalists is given. The question is also discussed to what extent it should be called 2. Anti-Westernism ............................................... .......... 38 fundamentalist. 3. Attitude towards Islam ............................................. .......... 40 4. Anti-Semitism and the worldwide conspiracy ............................. 51 ISBN 5 98418 001 4. 5. Apocalyptic expectations ......................................... 65 6. Radical Orthodox anti-globalism Research and publication carried out thanks to financial support (barcodes, TIN, etc.) ....................................... ....... 73 MacArthur Foundation 7. The place of the Church in society ............................................ ... 95 8. Monarchism and Democracy ............................................. 103 Editing - Svetlana Kovaleva 9. Economic views ........................................... 110 proofreading and indexing - Valeria Akhmetyeva 10. Borders of Russia .............................................. .............. 113 Cover photo taken from the website of the Union of Orthodox Banner Bearers 11. The relationship of ethnic and religious identity ................................................. ............... 118 12. Freedom of conscience and attitude towards "sects" .................... 132 Signed for printing on 15.10.2003. Format 60x84one/ . Times headset. Offset sixteen 13. The concept of human rights ............................................. .... 139 printing. Offset paper. Pecs l. 19.75. Uch. ed. l. 15.2. Circulation 500. Order ROOCenter ... "SOVA". Address for letters: 107045, Moscow, B. Golovin per. 22, building 1. Phone / fax: 14. Attitude towards violence ............................................. ..... 149 (095) 208 15 72. E mail: averh @ sova center.ru. Internet: http: // sova center.ru The printing house of the Russian Agricultural Academy. 115598 Moscow, st. Berry, 12. 15. Attitude towards Yeltsin and Putin .................................. 153 16. Attitude towards the Communist Party ............................................. ........ 159 17. Recipes for Regional Wars: Chechnya, Balkans, Israel ............................................. 173 18. The most discussed denominations - ISBN 5 98418 001 4. © Verkhovsky A.M., 2003 © Vinnik N.V., 2003 - design, layout Catholicism and neo-paganism ......................................... 182 five 19. Perceptions of ecumenism and "church liberals" .... 188 20. Attitude towards the church leadership of the ROC Introduction and to the ROCOR ............................................... ........................ 196 21. Problems of the calendar and language of worship ............... 206 The subject of this book is the ideology of those groups that can 22. Canonization Initiatives ................................... 211 can be united by the definition "Orthodox nationalists", as well as the place of Orthodox nationalist ideology in the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and in the general ideological spectrum of modern Russia. It is III. General characteristics...........................................218 necessary to immediately make a reservation that the term "Orthodox 1. Summary of Comparative Analysis .................................. 218 nationalists" should be understood for the time being as a conventional 2. Attempts to determine .............................................. .... 235 designation of a certain circle of groups and publications, characterized not only by a combination of Orthodoxy and nationalism, but also by a 3. Russian Orthodox fundamentalism ..................... 251 more or less obvious priority of the former over the latter. More precisely, the circle in question will be outlined below. This term should Conclusion. Perspectives of the Orthodox be viewed as a purely political one, as an attempt to define a certain nationalism and fundamentalism .............................. 277 subset of the Russian nationalist movement. The content of the ideology of Orthodox nationalists will gradually be revealed in the course of the presentation. So, probably, only by the end of the book it will become Selected literature ................................................ .... 292 fully clearone. Index of organizations ................................................ ... 296 It should not come as a surprise that Russian nationalists, be they extremely radical (up to biological racism), be they very moderate (up to Index of editions ................................................ ........... 300 the so-called centrism), now for the most part gravitate towards Orthodoxy in their religious plan. Only relatively few groups explicitly proclaim themselves (neo) pagan2. Index of names ................................................ ................. 304 "Perestroika" nationalism was very dynamic: people then quickly changed political views, ideologies, and sometimes religion. During the first half of the 1990s, the ideological spectrum of Russian nationalism stabilized. The middle of a decade for Orthodox nationalists should be considered the death of Metropolitan Ioann (Snychev) one Such a structure of the presentation is not an author's whim, but a natural course of research, which began with a purely factual study of a certain subset of nationalist groups and gradually developed in the direction of the analysis of ideas. 2 Much has already been written about Russian neo-pagans, especially about the most politicized. See, for example, a large historical review and bibliography in: Vladimir Pribylovsky. The neo-pagan wing in Russian nationalism // Religion iSMI. 2002.31 October (http://www.religare.ru/article.php?num=490). 6 Introduction Introduction 7 , the spiritual father of the whole direction3. Of course, changes have taken place of course, new and interesting discussions began. Quotes from 2002 and are still taking place, but they are far from being so violent. That is why we were included only where they did not clearly reflect changes in the decided to limit ourselves to the second half of the 90s in this book, besides, the author's views. first half is described better so far.four. In setting specific time limits, we felt that we could start with the Orthodoxy for many Russian political and social groups, including 1995 parliamentary campaign and end with the end of 2001, where the nationalist ones, does not play a significant role, remaining nothing obvious ideological milestone is September 11th. In the course of work more than an attribute of ethnicity and statehood, cultural or on the book, the material was selected within this time frame, but civilizational identity. Such groups (large and small) show respect for partial processing of the subsequent material showed that at least in Orthodoxy, but do not really rely on it in their ideological self- the first year after September 11, special changes occurred.five , although, determination. First of all, this applies to such large political forces as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) and the Liberal 3 Met. Ioann died on November 2, 1995. For the most unbiased description of his Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR). The "Derzhava" movement, headed ideological positions, see: Konstantin Kostyuk. Three portraits // Continent. first by Alexander Rutskoy and then (after Rutskoy was elected governor 2002. No. 113. of the Kursk region) by Konstantin Zatulin, has always held similar four Orthodox nationalists were given great attention in the books of the Panorama Center dedicated to the national-patriotic movement: Vladimir Pribylovsky. "Memory". positions. Finally, the same can be said about the former ideologist of Documents and texts. M., 1991; He's the same. Russian national-patriotic (ethnocratic) and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Alexei Podberezkin. At right-wing radical organizations. A short dictionary. M., 1994; Verkhovsky Alexander, Papp the same time, the LDPR and Derzhava are undoubtedly imperial- Anatoly, Pribylovsky Vladimir. Political extremism in Russia. M., 1996;
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