GP 2 Manual 1-28 8/5/99 10:55 Page 1 Manual

Licensed by FOCA to Fuji Television. Game Copyright © 1995 Geoff Crammond. Packaging and Manual Copyright © 1995 MicroProse

The Ridge, Chipping Sodbury, Bristol, BS17 6BN

Tel: 01454 893900

Fax: 01454 894296

GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE i

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INTRODUCTION ...... 4 Driving Aids ...... 25 Crashes And Discipline ...... 34 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS . . . .45 SORTING THE MATERIALS ...... 5 Level Of Difficulty/ Driving Aids Spinning Off ...... 34 How To Access WhatÕs New For F1GP Veterans? . . . .6 Available Summary ...... 25 Crashes ...... 34 Performance Analysis ...... 45 Digital Displays ...... 26 Overview ...... 6 Race Circuit Discipline ...... 34 How To Create A Monitor ...... 26 Performance Analysis File ...... 46 QUICKSTART ...... 7 THE MAIN MENU ...... 35 Qualifying/Practice Display ...... 26 Drive Menu ...... 35 How To Use Performance Analysis . . .46 Joystick/Keyboard Control ...... 7 Racing Display ...... 27 Quickrace ...... 35 Performance Display Screen ...... 48 One Lap of For Rookies . . . . .11 Split Times And Gap Measurement . .27 Practise Any Circuit ...... 36 Using The Save And Load Controls . .50 Controlling Your Own Brakes . . . . .11 Contents THE PITS ...... 28 Practise ...... 36 File Suffix Codes ...... 50 Driving Into The Pits ...... 12 Non-Championship Race ...... 36 A Timed Practise/Qualifying Session .14 Summary ...... 28 APPENDIX A: The Circuits . . . . .52 CAR SET-UP OPTIONS Thursday/Friday Free Practise ...... 37 A Non-Championship Race ...... 15 APPENDIX B: (STANDARD) ...... 29 Thursday/Friday Qualifying Session . .37 Quickstart Guide to Winning Data Logging Guide ...... 88 Front/Rear Wing Downforce Adjust .29 Pre-Race Warm Up ...... 37 The World Championship ...... 16 Front/Rear Brake Balance ...... 29 Race ...... 37 APPENDIX C: Car Set-Up CONTROLLING THE CAR ...... 17 Procedure Guide ...... 92 Gear Ratios ...... 29 Championship Season ...... 38 Methods of Control ...... 17 Save The Car Set-Up ...... 30 Thursday/Friday Free Practise ...... 38 APPENDIX D: Car Set-Up Advanced Control ...... 18 Reference Guide ...... 102 Advanced Car Set-Up ...... 30 Thursday/Friday Qualifying Session . .38 Steering ...... 18 Advanced Level 1 ...... 30 Pre-Race Warm Up ...... 39 APPENDIX E: Link, Modem & Accelerate/Brake ...... 19 Advanced Level 2 ...... 30 Race ...... 39 Multi-Player Modes ...... 109 Gear Change ...... 20 Drive Options ...... 39 DRIVING PROBLEMS APPENDIX F: Flags ...... 114 Sound ...... 21 ENCOUNTERED ...... 31 Quickrace Options ...... 39 The Basic Driving Controls ...... 21 APPENDIX G: Driving Race Options ...... 39 ON SCREEN ACTION ...... 32 Techniques ...... 117 COCKPIT CONTROLS ...... 22 Options ...... 40 Camera Views & TV Director ...... 32 APPENDIX H: Technical ...... 126 Summary ...... 22 Car Realism ...... 41 Cockpit View ...... 32 Five levels of difficulty ...... 22 Load Game or Hot Lap Replay ...... 41 APPENDIX I: The 1994 Teams .134 On Car Camera Views ...... 32 Opposition Spread ...... 22 Choose a Driver/Team ...... 42 APPENDIX J: 1994 Constructors’ Trackside Camera Views ...... 32 The Rev Counter ...... 23 Control Method ...... 42 Championship ...... 138 Gear Indicator ...... 23 Chase View ...... 32 Options ...... 42 APPENDIX K: 1994 Suggested Gear Indicator ...... 23 Reverse Chase View ...... 32 Printer Setup ...... 42 Participating Drivers ...... 139 Warning Lights ...... 23 Other Car Views ...... 32 Graphics Detail Level ...... 43 APPENDIX L: 1994 Driver Status Indicator ...... 23 TV Director ...... 33 Sound Setup ...... 43 Season Points Results ...... 149 Detail On/Off Indicator ...... 24 Camera Zoom & Height ...... 33 Track Records ...... 43 Damage Indicator ...... 24 Replay Mode ...... 33 Linkup Menu ...... 43 APPENDIX M: Glossary ...... 150 Pits Indicator ...... 24 Demo Mode ...... 33 Advanced Options ...... 44 CREDITS ...... 154

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Jean Alesi in the takes a tight left bend at , a circuit where steering lock is increased to take the bends faster. Unfortunately, this wears out the tyres much quicker than usual. GP 2 Manual 1-28 8/5/99 10:55 Page 4

Grand Prix 2 is simply the most advanced Of course, realism is not everything and Your Grand Prix 2 package THE TECHNICAL Sorting the Materials racing simulation to date. MicroProse has everything is what we were after. A new should contain this Manual, a Technical long prided itself on the realism of its 3-D engine, VGA graphics, full texture- Supplement with a Circuit/Key Guide, a SUPPLEMENT simulations. New heights of accuracy and mapping and light-sourcing have helped Registration Card and a CD. Gives specific instructions for loading attention to detail have been scaled in the make Grand Prix 2 visually stunning. The and/or installing the simulation on your process of developing Grand Prix 2. final touch was creating a car that handled THIS MANUAL computer. Also includes last minute just like the real thing. Springs, dampers, The original Formula One Grand Prix was Provides a Quickstart driving lesson for software updates. wing downforce, gear ratios, brake balance recognised by the software industry and beginners, including circuit diagrams, and ride height are fully adaptable and CIRCUIT/KEY GUIDE game players alike as the ultimate racing detailed operating instructions, Team, really do affect the way the car performs. simulation. In fact the game was so realistic Driver and Results details of the 1994 Gives at-a-glance information for all the Check out performance data graphs to that real racing drivers have been known to Formula One Grand Prix Season, Car Set- 1994 Circuits and all keys used in the game. compare the effects of different set-ups. familiarise themselves with circuits using up Reference sections and a Data Logging The Circuits have Notes sections for you to Just watch as your car roars around the the game. Guide to help you improve your write details of your best car set-ups, lap Introduction track. Mount a rumble strip and see the performance. times or records. The Circuit guide is Geoff Crammond, the legendary designer of wheels accurately adjust themselves. located in the technical supplement. the original game, has proved himself equal Watch the sun glint off the bodywork. You to the task of, once again, producing a game really will become convinced that you are that sets new standards for the industry and driving a real car. genre. When all is said and done, what you have is The game is modelled on the 1994 the ultimate racing simulation produced by Championship Season and, thanks to a a team dedicated to perfection. We are sure licence from Fuji TV, we are able to include you will not be disappointed. All that all the real teams, all the real drivers, all the remains is for you to take a deep breath, real cars, the real engines, the real tracks, increase the revs, depress the clutch, place the real rules, the real everything. the car into 1st gear, wait for the green lights to appear and then roar away from the grid as you compete against the worldÕs best Grand Prix drivers.

Good Luck!

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● Adjust suspension settings and monitor QUICKSTART DRIVING If you are driving using the keyboard study Quickstart plank wear. diagram 2. INSTRUCTIONS ● Custom control settings. DIAGRAM 2 A/Z = Controller - Accelerate/Brake ● Performance graphs. Joystick/Keyboard Control BRAKE This manual will refer to the Accelerator, = Controller - OVERVIEW Steer Left/Steer the Brake, Changing Gear and Steering. ACCELERATE MicroProse Formula One Grand Prix 2 is a You will be able to control these functions Right complete simulation of the full 1994 by keyboard, joystick and mouse. The Spacebar = Championship Season; the sequel to the simulation is initially in Joystick Mode; the Selector recommended method. world-wide best-selling F1GP, it sets a new TURN LEFTSPACE TURN BAR RIGHT= SELECTOR WHAT’S NEW FOR F1GP benchmark for racing game simulations. A + SPACE = CHANGE GEAR UP If you have a Joystick fitted on your SPACE AND NOT ‘A’ = CHANGE GEAR DOWN VETERANS? Your ultimate aim, at the end of the 16 computer, study diagram 1. ● Teams, drivers and sponsors identical Formula One races, is to win the DriversÕ The keyboard cursor keys can also be used DIAGRAM 1 ACCELERATE to the real sport. Championship and help your team win the to highlight menu options. ConstructorsÕ Championship. We think TURN ● State-of-the-art 3-D Engine. LEFT TURN If you are using a mouse, the controls are as youÕll find it tough to win at the highest RIGHT follows. ● VGA graphics, full texture-mapping level so, for the less experienced drivers, we

and light-sourcing. have included 5 levels of difficulty with 7 DIAGRAM 3 major driving aids that, when fully FIRE ● Superb realism, pitching, rolling, BRAKE implemented, will leave you free to race the BUTTON ACCELERATE BRAKE and spins. SELECTOR RIGHT (LEFT BUTTON) car on the tracksÕ best racing lines. You can BUTTON ) ● Incorporates 1994 FIA rule changes. even choose to re-distribute the driving ● Save hot laps and replay them from any performance of all the other drivers. You of the available camera angles. can win the Championship at the lowest STEER LEFT STEER RIGHT level of difficulty but it will only be at the ● Full race strategy planning. highest level that you will receive the Accelerate = Right Mouse Button ACCELERATE + SELECT = CHANGE GEAR UP ultimate accolade. SELECT WHILE NOT ACCELERATING = CHANGE GEAR DOWN ● New cockpit design. Brake = Left Mouse Button Joystick = Controller ● New improved, realistic sound. You are able to set the Ôtravel distanceÕ of the Fire Button = Selector ● Wide range of possible failures from mouse in the Advanced Control Method or suspension failure to Menu. This setting represents the distance the throttle and electrical problems. mouse needs to move, to generate maximum lock on the steering. You are also able to set the maximum lock from 3¡ to 35¡.

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To change the driver name, place the cursor ¥ Turn to the in the manual Find the Variante Goodyear on your in the driver name box that you wish to or Circuit Guide. You will see a diagram of manual map and also examine the following alter. Delete the existing name and enter a the track at Monza. bend: the Curva Grande. new name. You can also save and load ¥ Find the Start Line then follow the circuit Now press the pause key again to re-start driver names. with your finger to the finish. the game. ¥ Press OK. You are still in the Pits, on the jack. Select You should now see a white sign with a ¥ Select Drive Menu. ÔLeave the PitsÕ from the cockpit LCD. black arrow bending to the left. Then countdown markers signs: 200 and 100. ¥ Choose Practise Any Circuit. ¥ Press the Selector and, when you have been lowered off the jack, accelerate using These signs tell you how many metres to go ¥ Select . You will see a view of the your Controller. You will begin to move before the approaching left-hand bend. ¥ Install and/or load the simulation as circuit. forward. If not, check that you have pressed explained in the Technical Supplement. Steer carefully around the . Try to ¥ Select Info. This gives you the Lap Function Key F2 and that the symbol on the follow the dotted line, even though it ¥ Follow any on-screen prompts until you Records and Distance. Select OK. display is lit. see the Main Menu. sometimes appears to be aiming away from ¥ Select OK. When you leave the pits you will join the the track. ¥ Choose Drive Menu. circuit by driving to one side of a yellow You will now find yourself in the Pits at Continue along the short straight and steer dotted line. Once you are on the circuit the ¥ Choose Drive Options. Monza. around the long sweeping right-hander yellow line will disappear and you will see ¥ Find Race Distance and reduce the figure Curva Grande. You will find that you can ¥ Look at the cockpit controls. a white long dotted line. to 10%. drive through this corner quite fast. ¥ Press the Function Keys F1, F2, F3, F4, ¥ Try to line up the middle of the steering ¥ Find Opposition Standard and select Just after the bridge you will see another F5, F7 and check that each Function key has wheel with the dotted line as you move Rookie. sign warning you of a right turn. Press the turned on 1 of the 7 symbols that appear on around the circuit. This is the Best Driving pause key to pause the game and have ¥ Select OK to return to the Drive Menu. the right of the dashboard panel. Each key Line; the ideal path to take so that you can go another look at the map in the manual. turns on a Driving Aid to help you control into and out of bends at the fastest possible ¥ Return to Main Menu. the car. Do not press Function Key F6. . You should attempt to follow the This is the Curva della Roggia: another ¥ Select Choose a Driver/Team. You wonÕt need to worry about changing dotted line, even though it may sometimes chicane. ¥ Select a driver and team. If you wish, you gear or braking. You may crash if you stray appear to aim away from the track. Look ahead on the map to the next 3 bends. may edit the team and driver names. To from the racing line, but you will not be ¥ If a joystick is being used, press the Try to imagine what they will look like change the team name, select Edit Team damaged by any ÔshuntÕ. If you spin off, the Spacebar to Pause the simulation. from your cockpit view. Name. Place the cursor in the team name car will right itself, once it has come to rest. Otherwise, press Key P. Press the pause key to continue. box. Delete the existing name and enter a It will face the correct direction to continue One Lap of Monza for Rookies One Lap of Monza for The first bend at Monza turns to the left new name. Select OK. the race. Steer through the chicane then carefully then quickly to the right followed by along the two right-hand curves. You will another left and right. This is a double then see a long downhill straight. chicane called the Variante Goodyear. Accelerate on the straight. If a joystick is being used, press ÔSpaceÕ to pause the simulation. Otherwise, press P.

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Accelerate along the straight and see if the CONTROLLING YOUR ¥ Push the Accelerator until the rpm automatic gear change will put you into 6th indicator lights, to the left of the red gear gear before the auto-brakes slow you down OWN BRAKES indicator, illuminate. Then press the Selector for the Curva Parabolica. DonÕt worry if it When you feel confident of racing around to change gear, but keep it pressed in. doesnÕt. Try to accelerate around this bend. the circuit press Function Key F1. Check that You should have changed into 1st gear; the first symbol light has gone out. Now, you As you come out of the corner you will see shown by the 1 on the gear change will have to control your own brakes. two grandstands, the pits and a yellow indicator. If not then the Controller was not pressed forward when you pressed the dotted line that marks the pit lane entrance. Remember how brakes are operated by your Selector, try again. Driving through the Variante Ascari chicane Keep following the white dotted line. Controller. This time you will have to cope with braking and steering around the same bends. You will not be moving forward because Take time to glance at the red gear indicator You are now on the finishing straight. you are holding the car on the clutch (the above the steering wheel as the car changes Try another lap of Monza. It will feel You will then see the Starting Grid, the 26 Selector pressed and held). gear automatically. Listen to the sound of the different this time but try to gauge the right spaces where the cars are placed to start the engine and watch the rpm indicator light up. moment to apply the brakes. ¥ Now, with the Controller pressed forward, race, and a thick solid white line across the let the Selector go! At the end of the straight is an unusual track will mark the end of one lap. CONTROLLING YOUR chicane called the Variante Ascari. You will be moving forward. Listen to the Cross this line (the start/finish line). This is OWN GEARS change of tone in the engine noise. The mph Pause the simulation again and study it on the end of the first lap but you will not be ¥ Stop on a straight part of the circuit. indicator should show the speed you are the map. Try to memorize the shape of all given a lap time until you complete a lap travelling at. the bends, then continue and try to drive started from the Start/Finish line. ¥ Press Function Key F2 once, and then ¥ Accelerate again and watch the rpm through the series of bends. press Function Key F6. Pause the game and have a look at the map, indicator lights illuminate as the revs Gradually, you will find that the more you try to remember the corners and straight This will cancel Auto Gear Change and increase. When the red light appears change know about the approaching corners the sections. Now continue into another lap. switch on the Suggested Gear Indicator. up again in the same way as before. The The ÔgateÕ symbol should go out and, if you easier they will be to drive through at the When you finish this lap you will be given a indicator will now show 2. are near a corner, a blue gear indicator correct speed. lap time. Try another lap. Beat your should appear slightly above it. Try to change up to at least fourth gear. previous time. Soon you will be ready to Then try changing down to take a bend by race in the Grand Prix Championship! Now you will be in control of all gear changes but when you see a blue taking note of the suggested gear indicator. that will be the suggested gear to be in at Note that it is not necessary to brake when the following corner. changing down but it is essential that you do not accelerate. Check the method of gear change for your Controller (refer to the Quickstart diagrams - You have six forward gears, Neutral, Power see page 7). Practise changing gear and watch Turn (you can only change down into this the red gear indicator. Try to get N on the gear) and Reverse. The Power Turn gear is not indicator. When you are in Neutral, available with some steering configurations. accelerate. The engine should rev and make a When you are in Reverse you will see R on the high pitched noise. gear indicator. Accelerate with the Controller, just like in a real car, to move backwards.

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DRIVING INTO THE PITS Refuel ¥ Select Tyres from your cockpit LCD menu. The pit straight at ¥ Along the bottom of the cockpit LCD will the San appear your available sets of tyres. Above Marino each set is a figure in brackets. This figure Grand Prix. represents the number of laps each tyre set The Tyrell has completed. Select the desired tyre set team pit using the steering, brake and throttle board on controls. Press fire or the spacebar when the right of you are happy with your selection. Note the track that the sets marked r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the confirms ¥ Select Fuel from your cockpit LCD menu. tyre sets allocated for the race, with r1 starting the race and r2 being used in the the driver’s ¥ Use the steering controls to alter the first pitstop, etc. You are free to use these in position - amount of fuel held in the car. 10th. practise/qualifying if, for example, you ¥ When you are happy with the amount of have used up the other sets. This would fuel and the number of pit stops to go, press especially be the case if you did not wish to the fire button or the spacebar to quit the make three pitstops. However, you should When you think you are familiar with the Drive a complete circuit. At any time, you fuel menu. bear in mind that you will not wish to race Monza circuit and the basic car controls, may press ÔReturn/EnterÕ to inform your pit on worn tyres. practise driving into the Pits. The Pits are crew of your intention to stop. You will see Tyres where car set-up changes are carried out the pit signal on your instrument panel light Rejoining the circuit and where your car is refuelled and fitted up in green. This enables you to enter the ¥ Press the Selector and you will be jacked with new tyres. pit lane by following the dotted line. down. You can now drive away from the You will have already noticed the Yellow ¥ Drive slowly into the Pit Lane. You may Pits, weave through the Pit lane, then Dotted Line: this is the line leading to the see several pit crews waiting as you aim carefully re-join the circuit. Pit Lane. the car towards the Pit bays. The programme will direct you into the correct bay but you must brake just in front of the crewman directly ahead of you.

You will be jacked up and a sign will be placed in front of the car telling you to keep your brakes on. A pit menu will appear on your cockpit LCD offering you the chance to refuel or change tyres.

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A TIMED PRACTISE/ Race around the circuit for one lap. As you A NON-CHAMPIONSHIP Race around the circuit for the number of cross the line, your lap time will be laps shown on the display but keep an eye QUALIFYING SESSION displayed. You are allowed up to 12 RACE on the Pits Indicator (bottom right in the ¥ Press Esc. You will enter the Practice qualifying laps. When you have completed You will find yourself on the Starting Grid cockpit). If the indicator turns yellow, you Frozen Menu. all available qualifying laps, or when you at Monza with 25 other cars. If you have are being called by radio to go into the Pits are happy with your qualifying time, you achieved a reasonable lap time, you will be to change tyres, refuel or repair damage. ¥ Select Leave Practise. should return to the pits. You should be placed relative to the other driversÕ Drive into the Pits as soon as possible, ¥ Select Non-Championship Race. aware that the lap which started when you performance. If you failed to get a time, got otherwise your cars performance will left the pits (the out lap) and the lap that worsen. The will be timed! ¥ Select a circuit of your choice then select a very bad time, or have just jumped in at ends in the pits (the in lap) both count OK. this stage, then you will begin from the If you do not wish to pit, inform the pit towards the 12 lap limit. back of the grid. crew by pressing Return, which cancels the ¥ Select the first Qualifying Session. Drive to your bay and wait to be jacked up. Wherever you are, you will see the starting pit signal. You will be placed back in the Pits and The monitor should reappear in front of gantry: a bank of 4 red lights and a bank of Complete the required number of laps. jacked up but this time you will have a you, showing various times from the other 4 green lights. None should be illuminated. monitor appear in front of your car. drivers in the qualifying session. The When the race is over, continue around the Wait for the red lights to come on. This is circuit. When all running cars have The Monitor will list drivers in the Qualifying qualifying session lasts up to 60 minutes. the warning that the start will take place completed that lap you will see a Ôrace session including yourself (highlighted). ¥ To speed up the time select >> from the within 4 to 7 seconds. overÕ message after which you will be cockpit LCD menu. You are still in Rookie level. If you want to ¥ Hold the car on the ÔclutchÕ with 1st gear shown the results menu. drive with all Driving Aids on you can. If you want to leave the session, press Esc. engaged (see earlier). If you wish to retire early from the race, ¥ Press the Selector. The monitor will move When the Qualifying session is over, you ¥ When the green lights come on, press ÔESCÕ. This will take you to the Race out of the way and your car will be jacked will be given the option of viewing session accelerate! Frozen screen. From here you can abandon down. times, saving hot laps or continuing the the race, continue, allow the other drivers to Try to keep out of trouble for the first bend game. complete the race in accelerated time or Drive away from the Pits, then complete until the cars sort themselves out. save the game/hot lap. one lap. You will not be timed until you ¥ Select Continue and you will be given the have passed the Start/Finish Line. You will option of a final dayÕs free now see that the car timer has begun. practise/qualifying session or the opportunity to take part in a Pre-Race Warm up Session.

If you feel ready to race immediately, then do not choose either option, but go straight to the race itself by selecting Race.

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QUICKSTART GUIDE TO Probably the most difficult part of the METHODS OF CONTROL If you have a joystick fitted on your Controlling The Car simulation to master is the correct driving computer, study diagram 1. WINNING THE WORLD line; to win the Championship at Ace level, This manual will refer to the Accelerator, the Brake, Changing Gear and Steering. Joystick = Controller CHAMPIONSHIP youÕll have to get used to driving without it. You will be able to control these functions Fire Button = Selector ¥ Press Function Key F5 to turn off the ideal by keyboard, joystick, and mouse. The Other Circuits If you are using the line and try to drive round a circuit without DIAGRAM 2 From the Main Menu select Control keyboard, study If you think you know Monza quite well it. You will find that the most important Method then select your preferred control BRAKE diagram 2. after following the Quickstart Tutorial, you guide will be the coloured rumble strip method from those listed. If you wish to must study all the other 15 tracks with equal kerbs that appear on the approach of each select a previously saved set of custom A/Z = ACCELERATE intensity to win the World Championship. corner. Try to remember the places where controls or you wish to change the control Controller- You can win the World Championship at you begin to brake and turn on the approach settings, select Advanced Control. Accelerate/Brake the lowest level with all Driving Aids (F1 to to each bend and consult the Manual for If this is the first time you have played = Controller- F7) turned on and the opposition at their Driving Hints. Grand Prix 2, and you wish to use a joystick, Steer Left/Right lowest performance level, but you must still TURN LEFTSPACE TURN BAR RIGHT= SELECTOR you must first calibrate your joystick. To do A + SPACE = CHANGE GEAR UP Spacebar = know the courses like the back of your Making use of the Manual this, select joystick in the Control Method SPACE AND NOT ‘A’ = CHANGE GEAR DOWN Selector hand. A computer game manual is sometimes seen and then select OK. You will automatically as unimportant to the winning of the game be guided through joystick calibration. Once If you are using the mouse, study diagram 3. Making use of the Driving your joystick has been calibrated, the setting but it is recommended that you read all of will automatically be saved. You will only Accelerate = Right Mouse Button Aids the manual. It will give you a complete need to calibrate again if you change the Brake = Left Mouse Button understanding of attitude, general approach You may find that you start the season with joystick (in this case select Calibrate Joystick all driving aids turned on but as you to races and other drivers on the circuit, plus in the Advanced Control Menu) or install the DIAGRAM 3 progress you might prefer to control your numerous hints and tips to help you win. game again. Remember that MicroProse Grand Prix 2 is ACCELERATE BRAKE own brakes and gears. If you win a World RIGHT (LEFT BUTTON) BUTTON ) Championship, you will win at only the a simulation not just a racing game. DIAGRAM 1 ACCELERATE lowest level. When competing at the TURN topmost level you can go faster without LEFT TURN RIGHT driving aids. STEER LEFT STEER RIGHT

You are able to set the Ôtravel distanceÕ of

FIRE the mouse in the Advanced Control BRAKE BUTTON Method Menu. This setting represents the SELECTOR distance that the mouse needs to move on the desk to generate maximum lock on the steering. You are also able to set the maximum lock from 3 degrees to 35 degrees.

When using the mouse the spacebar is used ACCELERATE + SELECT = CHANGE GEAR UP as the selector. SELECT WHILE NOT ACCELERATING = CHANGE GEAR DOWN

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ADVANCED CONTROL • Steering Mode • Reduce With Car Speed • Mouse Travel You can choose from 2 steering modes This feature helps to compensate for the Mouse travel sets the distance your mouse using the pull down menu system outlined small travel of a joystick or limited turn of a must move in order to reach full lock on the above. These are Switched and Analog. steering wheel (a real F1 steering wheel can steering. Mouse travel can range between Switched means that an action is either on turn nearly three quarters of a turn each 2Ó and 8Ó. Alter the setting by selecting the or off; whereas, Analog means that the way). The maximum lock sensitivity setting + and - icons. action is performed to a lesser or greater is automatically reduced as the car speed extent. Therefore, if the steering mode were increases. Big steering locks are really only ACCELERATE/BRAKE set to Analog and you moved the joystick needed at low speed corners. At high slightly left then the car would make a speeds, by reducing the overall sensitivity, • Acceleration Device slight alteration to its course. you get more precision in steering the car. Select your acceleration device using the This feature has no effect if the slider is at pull down menu. This menu allows you to change many • Steering Help 0% (max lock unchanged) and maximum aspects of the way in which your car is Steering help estimates the amount of effect at 100%. • Acceleration Mode controlled in Grand Prix 2. From this menu steering your car requires by taking account • Low Sensitivity Zones Select the acceleration mode using the pull you can also create custom control sets, of your control input and the manoeuvre on down menu. Two settings are available: save and load custom control sets and the track you are trying to perform. Steering The low sensitivity zone enables you to Switched and Analog. calibrate joysticks. In addition you can edit help only affects the angle of the front control how sensitive the controls are as the names of the custom control sets and wheels and can be set to either on or off. you move your control from the centre. For • Brake Device select control driven calibration. Select the desired option by highlighting it. example, if you set the low sensitivity zone Select your brake device using the pull to 30% then the first 30% of travel, from down menu. STEERING • Maximum Lock the centre of the control, is progressively • Steering Device Maximum lock can range from 3 degrees to sensitive and the remaining 70% of the • Braking Mode control remains at the sensitivity level 35 degrees. This affects the overall Select the braking mode using the pull Select your steering device using the pull reached at the end of the low sensitivity sensitivity of your steering control if you down menu. Two settings are available: down menu. Click on the steering device zone. This is useful to make steering, are using analogue steering. At a high Switched and Analog. and hold down the left mouse button setting your car will be extremely throttle and brake controls less sensitive to (LMB). Then highlight your preferred responsive to your steering control. At a small control changes. A setting of 0% will • Clutch Device steering device and release the LMB to low setting the car will be less sensitive to give you constant sensitivity. A setting of The clutch control is either automatic or for select. your steering control. Alter the setting by 100% will give you progressive sensitivity across the full range of the control device. use with an analog pedal. The main benefit Note: Joystick Horiz means that the selecting the + and - icons. being help controlling wheelspin at race starts. function is operated by moving the joystick along its horizontal axis. Joystick Vert means that the function is operated by moving the joystick along its vertical axis.

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GEAR CHANGE CONTROL DRIVEN SOUND THE BASIC DRIVING CONTROLS • Change Up CALIBRATION This option is used to calibrate non- Gear Change: Up Select the device used to change gears up standard control sets. For example, you The sequence is Reverse-Neutral-1st-2nd- using the pull down menu. could calibrate a steering wheel and pedal 3rd-4th-5th-6th. set using this option. Calibration Start in Neutral. Accelerate with the Controller • Change Down and press the Selector once, the red gear measurements would be taken for the Select the device used to change gears indicator will show 1 and the car will begin to clutch, brake and accelerator pedals, and for move. Accelerate again until the red rpm light down using the pull down menu. the steering wheel. illuminates. Then while still accelerating, press the Selector. You will have now changed gear. The indicator now shows the number 2 All music and sound in Grand Prix 2 is and the tone of the engine will have changed. fully adjustable. Accelerate again and increase the power, then press the Selector again. You have now ¥ From the Main Menu select Options changed up into third gear! ¥ From the Options Menu select Sound Gear Change: Down Set-Up The sequence is 6th-5th-4th-3rd-2nd-1st- ¥ From Sound Set-Up you can adjust the Power Turn (if using steering help) - following sound options: Music volume, car Neutral-Reverse. engine volume, car skid volume, fx volume, With the Controller not accelerating, press ambient sound volume. Each of these options the Selector. The number on the Gear can be set anywhere in the range 0% to 100% Indicator will change down. using the slide bar or by selecting the +/- buttons. You can also select whether the sound is stereo Power Turn or mono by highlighting the required choice. You can only change down into this gear. If ¥ When you are happy with your Sound you have not implemented Function Key F3 Set-Up select OK or are racing at a Level that does not allow you to use it, you may recover from any In Race Sound (+/-) spin by changing down to this gear. The The sound of the Formula One engine is red indicator will show the power turn icon. very important in the simulation for, as in To straighten out a spin, accelerate from real racing, it is a good indication of when rest, steering momentarily in the opposite to change gear. direction to where you want to turn, before steering in the desired direction, keeping the Cycle through the available sound options, accelerator depressed throughout, but in race, using +/- keys. change up to first gear as soon as you are Default Sound Level: Full Sound (Engine, facing in the right direction. Skids & Other FX) Reverse Sound Level One: Partial Sound You must change down into Reverse. Once the (Engine & Other FX) R appears on the gear indicator accelerate with the Sound Level Two: No Sound Controller, as in a real car, to move backwards.

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SUMMARY Five levels of difficulty The Rev Counter Warning Lights Before you start any race, qualifying lap, or (Accessed from Drive Options In the centre of the screen, just above and to To the right of the gear change display are 4 practice session you must familiarise within the Drive Menu) the left of the top of the steering wheel, you warning lights. They are from left to right: yourself with the cockpit. will see the RPM Indicator, a series of The difficulty level you have chosen is red - reliability problem (a descriptive You must be able to take in all information lights that illuminate as your revs increase. shown by five lights in a row on the left of message will appear on the cockpit presented to you at a glance, because at the If you ÔblipÕ the accelerator to rev the the steering wheel. If the lowest green light LCD). speeds you will be travelling, a lost second engine in Neutral you will notice that the is shining, you are racing at Rookie level; is all it takes to make the difference rev lights come on. This is the most red - less than 2 laps of fuel remaining. if the highest light is on, you are competing between a devastating shunt and a brilliant important indicator of how fast your engine amber - split time (in practise/qualifying) at Ace level. The levels are related to, and overtaking manoeuvre. At 200 mph the car is running when in a particular gear. or car gap (in race) is on the control, the number of Driving Aids you will travel 90 metres in that second! cockpit LCD. can access. You must be aware of being in the right ItÕs very important to know who is behind gear at the right moment. The basic amber - general pit message is on the The levels are: Ace you and who is trying to overtake. Some guideline is to change up a gear as the red cockpit LCD. Pro cars may weave from side to side looking light illuminates and change down when all Semi-Pro for an opening at a crucial corner, be the lights have gone off. This will avoid rev Driver Status Indicator Amateur conscious of their presence. They will try to limiting occuring as soon as you change Rookie On the right of the steering wheel there is

Cockpit Controls Cockpit pass if you show any weakness or leave a down into a new gear. Changing into the another small LED. If it is Green, you are gap where they might dart past. While not wrong gear will lose you power or you may Opposition Spread (Accessed currently in your own car cockpit. If you advocating a breach of Racing Etiquette it is overrev and hit the rev limiter, thus losing choose to see other driversÕ cockpit views not unusual for drivers to Ôshut the doorÕ on from Drive Options with the speed. by pressing the Up/Down Arrows, the light other cars behind them. Drive Menu) Gear Indicator will go off. Unless you are in Replay Mode, Just below the Difficulty Level indicators use this facility at your peril for the car will Above the steering wheel, in the middle of Warning Lights there is a panel that shows your choice for not be controlled by the computer. RPM Gear Suggested the rev counter is the Gear Indicator. This Indicator Indicator Gear Indicator the distribution of performance among the tells you which gear you are in. There are 6 other drivers. These are: forward gears, neutral N, reverse R, and, if All teams and drivers at the same potential using steering help, a Ôspin recoveryÕ gear. performance Suggested Gear Indicator 1994 performance for drivers and teams (Activated by F6) Random distribution of performance throughout the grid If F6 driving aid is on, you will see a blue Detail Level indicator, to the right of the steering wheel, Indicator that tells you the suggested gear to be in at Difficulty Level Indicator the next corner. This is an ÔintelligentÕ aid Opposition Driver Status Driver Aids Damage which will vary depending on the car set-up. Spread Indicator Indicator Indicator Pit Indicator

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Detail On/Off indicator Damage Indicator Driving Aids F6 Suggested Gear

(Alt/D) To the right of the help options indicators is The Driving Aids panel is the bank of 7 Indicates which gear to be in at the the Damage Indicator operated by Radio boxes to the right of the cockpit. Driving following corner. The level of track-side detail will affect the Telemetry from the Pits. The Damage Aids correspond directly to the Difficulty speed at which the game plays. The amount Indicator lights up the faulty or damaged Level you have chosen. of track-side detail can be adjusted prior to section of the vehicle. If any section of the F7 Throttle Help racing or during a race. F1 Auto Brakes Damage Indicator is lit, extreme caution is Reduces the throttle when the rear wheels Adjusting track-side detail prior to racing advised in driving. Returning to the Pits The computer applies braking functions for spin. This is designed not to be performance you to suit the circuit, but will not brake to ¥ From the Main Menu select Options. will repair any damage. enhancing unlike the banned traction avoid other cars. control. ¥ Select Graphics Detail Level. Pits Indicator F2 Auto Gears The Driving Aids F1 to F7 can be turned on ¥ In the track-side objects box select the Below the Damage Indicator is the Pits The computer changes all gears for you at any time from the cockpit if you are in level of detail you require: None, Low, Indicator operated by Radio Telemetry from when it thinks it is the appropriate moment. Rookie Mode. However, if you are racing at Medium or All. the Pits. higher levels you will have less help F3 Self-Correcting Spin Adjusting track-side detail during a race There are 3 modes: available to you. In the event of you spinning off the track, ¥ Alt & D will cycle through the different GREY Pits are empty. when you have come to rest, the computer LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY/ levels of detail. Call in at any time. will point you in the correct direction to DRIVING AIDS The cockpit detail indicator will show YELLOW You have been called in to continue the race, assuming you are in a fit AVAILABLE SUMMARY which level of detail is currently selected. the Pits or have indicated state of repair. an intention to call in. Ace F2, F7 F4 Indestructible RED CROSS Pits are occupied by your Pro F2, F5, F6, F7 ALL LOW No damage will be sustained in this mode, other team car. The pit no matter how serious the shunt. Semi-Pro F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 crew is not available to you, so you may have to F5 Ideal Line Amateur F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 wait longer if you go in. MEDIUM NONE This lays down a white striped line to show Rookie F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 you the best line to drive on the circuit you have chosen. Ideally, you must keep the line on the centre point of the cockpit to get the benefit of the best driving line.

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DIGITAL DISPLAYS QUALIFYING/PRACTICE RACING DISPLAY SPLIT TIMES AND GAP Monitor DISPLAY: MEASUREMENTS On each circuit there are two intermediate During Qualifying you will be placed in the timing points as well as the start/finish line Pits and a Telemetric Monitor is placed in timing point. front of your cockpit. The Monitor lists the other drivers in the race by: In practise as you do a timed lap, a Ôsplit timeÕ will be displayed on your cockpit POS current grid position LCD. This is a time you are trying to beat at N racing number the next intermediate timing point. The split DRIVER driverÕs name times themselves belong to the best laptime you have achieved so far. After the second LAPTIME current best laptime During a race the following information intermediate timing point the next split time TIME the amount of time left for will be displayed on the cockpit LCD: becomes the actual laptime that you are During Qualifying and Practice the practice/qualifying trying to beat. As you cross the intermediate following information will be displayed on KPH/MPH Your speed. timing point you will see a difference time CARS OUT the number of cars the cockpit LCD: FUEL LAPS How many laps worth of displayed in the centre of your cockpit already out on the track. KPH/MPH Your speed. fuel your car currently holds. LCD. If this starts with a minus sign then If you watch the monitor, you will see the you know that you are ahead! FUEL LAPS The number of laps of fuel POS Your position in the race. other driversÕ best lap times for the circuit. the car currently holds. In a race, a timed gap will be displayed on The fastest laptime is placed above all the LAP/OF Your current lap out of the your cockpit LCD as you cross the others. You will be positioned in the middle POS Your current position on the grid. total number of laps. intermediate timing points and the of the monitor display with your nearest LAPTIME Your current lap time. CAR Your car number. start/finish line timing point. This figure rivals on either side of you, unless you are represents the time difference between you the fastest driver! CAR Your team car number. RUNNERS The number of cars left and the car in front of you. running in the race. You may speed up the time it takes for all BEST Your previous best laptime. drivers to finish qualifying by pressing ÔQÕ (if you are on the track) and then selecting Ô>>Õ from the cockpit LCD menu. Or, if you are in the pits, you may quit Timed Practice/Qualifying by pressing ESC.

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SUMMARY Try a few laps with various settings, get an idea of how the car is running through You begin any practice or timed/qualifying corners and along straights. Compare your session in the pit lane. From here you can performance with other cars in practice, go choose to drive straight away with the into the pits and adjust a setting then try current Set-Up, or change any of the car again. settings. You can also drive into the pits at any time during practise to change your car A good pit strategy can make all the Set-Up. difference. You can decide your strategy The Pits just prior to racing or you can make your For the Rookie Driver, the car Set-Up will choice in the Car Set-Up screen. You can seem very complex at first. Do not worry! also change your strategy during the course Accept the current Set-Up, learn to drive of the race by entering the pits and fast around the circuits, then return to this changing the number of pit stops to go and section and adjust the settings. Do not which lap to stop next on. adjust more than one setting at a time before trying it out in a practice session. If you are having problems with your car This is when you will notice the difference Set-Up and are finding it difficult, for in performance. example, to drive into corners please consult the Car Set-Up Procedure Guide Each of the 16 circuits is unique so itÕs and the Car Set-Up Reference Guide. necessary to Set-Up your Formula One car with the correct combination of Wing, Gear Ratios and Brake Balance. You are advised to study the track layouts and take note of all the track notes and summaries; these will give you an indication of the type of car Set-Up required, but there is no substitute for experience.

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FRONT/REAR WING The scale goes from 50% to 75%. The Car Set-Up Options (Standard) lower the figure the more balance is applied DOWNFORCE ADJUST to the rear of the car. Adjust the balance by selecting +/-. GEAR RATIOS You must set the gear ratios of your gearbox to suit each circuit. This is usually done by setting the 6th gear for the fastest possible speed along the longest straight, then setting the lowest gear for the slowest corner. The rest of the gears are ranged evenly between the two. In general terms the wings on a Formula Gear ratio selection is very important. Different One racer push the car down on the track. cogs can be fitted to the gearbox which can This achieves more grip and less roll giving have a major effect on the carÕs acceleration, better control in corners, but less speed on performance in bends and top speed. the straights because of more drag. Twisty circuits with few long straights and You can adjust the amount of front and rear plenty of demand ÔshortÕ gearing wing used by the car. This is on a scale for quick acceleration. from 1 to 20. The higher the number, the more Downforce. Adjust the wing front and Other circuits with long straights require back by selecting +/- . ÔlongÕ gearing to give the car the top speed it will need to keep up with the opposition. FRONT/REAR BRAKE The gearbox has a range from 1 to 64. BALANCE Select +/- to change the gear ratios.

Grand Prix cars have a low centre of gravity, The nearer the cogs are to each other, the centred just behind the driver. If you brake less work the lower gear has to do to get to hard at speed, the weight shifts onto the the higher gear (short gearing). front of the car. Therefore, brakes must be The further away the cogs are from each balanced to cope with the transfer of weight other the more work it has to do to get up to during deceleration (slowing down). the higher gears but the faster the speed at You can change the brake balance of your car the (long gearing). by altering the way in which the front and rear brakes are applied. ItÕs always best to have more brake bias at the front than at the rear.

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SAVE THE CAR SET-UP Advanced Level 1 (STANDARD SET-UP) Problem: Car lacks acceleration Driving Problems Encountered over short distances. ¥ Damper You can save the Set-Up you have chosen Problem: The car does not want Cause: Gear ratios too ÔlongÕ. for your car when you are in the Pits, by ¥ Spring to steer into the corners. selecting Car Setup and then selecting Remedy: Close down gaps between gears. Save Car Setup. From the Save Car Setup ¥ Ride height Cause: Understeer. Menu enter the name by which you wish to Remedy: Increase Front Wing or Problem: Car tends to spin-off ¥ Anti-roll bars when braking into corners. save your car setup in the filename section Decrease Rear Wing Values. Further Options: Bias Brake Balance and press Enter. Advanced Level 2 Cause: Underbraking/ Braking too late. towards rear (-). ADVANCED CAR SETUP ¥ Packers Remedy: Move Brake Balance towards Problem: The car turns too front/ Brake earlier. ¥ Damper fast bump quickly into corners or spins too Further Options: Increase Wing. ¥ Damper fast rebound easily when cornering. Problem: Car is slow in corners ¥ Damper slow bump Cause: Oversteer and straights.

¥ Damper slow rebound Remedy: Decrease Front Wing or Increase Rear Wing. Cause: Gearing. ¥ Spring Further Options: Bias Brake Balance Remedy: Lengthen the gears. to the front (+). Further Options: Reduce Wing. ¥ Ride Height

¥ Anti-roll bars Problem: Rival cars are much Problem: A gradual worsening of faster on long straights. performance. NB: For a full explanation of the above Cause: Too much downforce /Gear Cause: Tyres wearing out. For advanced changes to your car setup please consult Appendix D: Car Set-Up Reference Guide. ratio too ÔshortÕ/ Not enough speed Remedy: Fit a new set of tyres. select Advanced from the Car Setup through previous corner. Menu. The changes to your car setup that Further Options: None. Remedy: Reduce Wings front and you make in Advanced Car Setup will back/ Space out higher gear ratios/Use Problem: Sudden loss of affect your vehicleÕs suspension. For each more throttle. performance. wheel, you will be able to adjust the settings Further Options: Check correct for the following: driving line. Cause: Car damaged in accident. Remedy: Return to pits. Problem: Car does not grip in Further Options: Check outside views corners/ Other cars are faster in for obstructions. corners. Problem: Car stops suddenly. Cause: Too little downforce/ Speed too high. Cause: No fuel. Remedy: Increase Wing front and Remedy: None. back/ Slow down in corner. Further Options: None.

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CAMERA VIEWS & TV Trackside Camera Views TV Director Replay Mode DIRECTOR (Left Cursor Key) (Insert Key) (Pause/Replay (R)) The camera can be moved around at any You can view all the action centred on any The Insert Key turns the TV Director on The Pause key pauses the action and ÔRÕ time by using the camera control keys. car, at any time during a race, by pressing and off. The TV Director automatically key replays the previous 20 seconds of Some camera options are suitable for replay the Left Cursor Key. The Right Arrow Key shifts the track-side view between different action. You can freely move the camera or when you are out of a race and watching will return you to the cockpit view of the cars and different camera angles. When you around during Replay. At the end of Replay other cars. It would be difficult to drive selected car. turn the TV Director on a clapper board will the game is left paused, ready to continue from those viewpoints. appear for five seconds in the top right hand the race. At this point, you can restart the Chase View corner of the screen. When you turn the TV game and the camera will return to its Cockpit View (PgDn Key) Director off the same clapper board will original position, and you will be back in (Right Cursor Key) appear with a cross through it. control of your car. Or, if you wish, press You can view any car from just behind and ÔRÕ for another Replay with the camera You can press the right cursor key to view above the cockpit. Camera Zoom and Height starting from its current position. the race from the cockpit of your car. Reverse Chase View Some camera views allow limited changes There is no limit to the number of times you On Car Cockpit Views to zoom and camera height. You can adjust can Replay an event on the track. (Delete Key) the camera zoom using the Ô6Õ key to zoom (PgUp Key) View any car from the front with all the out and the Ô7Õ key to zoom in. You can Demo Mode

On Screen Action also adjust the height of the camera using You can view all the action from the action behind it. You can watch a race in Demo Mode from the Ô3Õ key to move the camera up and the perspective of a camera attached to your any circuit by de-selecting all drivers then Other Car Views Ô4Õ key to move the camera down. The Ô5Õ car. Subsequent presses of the PgUp key entering any driving or race mode. ItÕs often key returns the camera to the normal zoom give you different camera views. (Up Arrow/Down Arrow/Home) a good way to see the circuit; how fast it is, and height settings. how twisty. It will also help if you have the You can move forward into the cockpit of manual open on the circuit diagram; follow the car ahead by pressing the Up Arrow the car as it races through the straights and Key. Further presses will move you forward corners, watch where most drivers overtake one car per press. and take note of such features as Similarly, you can move back one car by ÔslipstreamingÕ. Press ESC to return to the pressing the Down Arrow Key and further Main Menu. presses will move you further back. ÔHomeÕ will return you to your own car. A small LED on the right of the control panel will light up when you are in your own car but will go out when you are viewing from other cockpits.

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CRASHES AND If you have crashed, you might be lifted off DRIVE MENU The Main Menu the track by crane or pushed out of the way DISCIPLINE by track marshals. Spinning off If you have sustained a crash that has ended your chances in a Championship Race you The most common cause of spinning off is can choose to speed up the events and get taking a bend too quickly. You will find this the race result, or watch the race unfold will happen quite often at first. If the circuit from another driverÕs cockpit. When you is one with wide grassy areas and run-off are Practising Any Circuit you can start strips, you can re-join the race, but you will again with a spare car from the Pits. find it slow going trying to accelerate The Main Menu is the screen you will see smooth Grand Prix tyres on slippy surfaces. Race Circuit Discipline most often in the simulation. It is the start You are advised to drop to the spin Selecting this Menu will give you the and finish point of all races, practices, loads recovery gear (if using steering help), You will be warned of any dangerous following options: and saves. It presents the player with 6 straighten up, then engage 1st gear. Watch incident such as a shunt by a Yellow Flag. Quickrace options: out for faster cars crossing your path, and A will inform you that it is all Practise any Circuit get back to the track. Your tyres might feel clear. Drive Menu Non-Championship Race strange for a while. Championship Season Consult the Flags section in this manual for Load Game or Hot Lap Replay Drive Options a full description of . Crashes Choose a Driver/Team Return to Main Menu Crashing into other cars on the circuit may Control Method Quickrace damage both vehicles and one of you may Options go into an uncontrollable spin. If you can This option can be accessed from either the still race, the damage will not be serious Exit from Game Drive Menu or the initial menu which only enough to stop you competing, but you appears at the very start of the game. should enter the Pits as soon as possible for Once you select the Quickrace option you repairs. Crashing into walls or barriers will will be asked to select your required control have a similar effect. method: keys or joystick. If you select joystick, you will be guided through the calibration process.

After selecting a control method you will see the Track Select screen. Here you can choose any of the 16 Grand Prix circuits to race at. When you are happy with your choice select OK.

You will now be in the cockpit and ready to race.

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PRACTISE ANY CIRCUIT PRACTISE Thursday/Friday Free During Qualifying ÔEscÕ freezes qualifying and takes you to the Qualifying Frozen Practise This option allows you to get to know all Your car will appear in the Pits garage ready screen from where you can return to the the circuits without competing against other for you to make adjustments to your car Set- Your car will appear in the pits garage for cockpit, accelerate time, save the game/hot cars. Selecting Practise any Circuit will Up or for you to practise with the current its first free practise. Before you commence lap, or abandon qualifying. take you into the Track Select screen. Set-Up on the circuit of your choice. In this your practise you can alter your existing session, you will not be in a race and there If you manage to set a lap record in any On the left of the screen is the circuit Set-Up. During practise you always have will be no other drivers practising on the race or qualifying session, the computer window where you can select which track the option to Save or Abandon. same track. Return to the Pits by driving in. will automatically save that information you would like to practise on. You may Thursday/Friday Qualifying under your chosen driving name, if, when practise on all of them in any order. It is NON-CHAMPIONSHIP you exit the game, you use the Save only when you start the World Session Changes option. Championship season that you will have to RACE This is your first qualifying session. Your race each in turn in a pre-determined order. Pre-Race Warm Up Selecting this option will take you into the car will appear in the pits, from where you Highlight your chosen track by selecting the You will also have the option of Pre- Select screen where you can choose can alter your car Set-Up. During box opposite it. Warm Up in full racing trim (fuel, settings). which circuit you wish to race on. When Qualifying you can choose to go into the This session has a time limit of 30 minutes You will see a view of the circuit in the you are happy with your choice select OK, Pits at any point if you feel you have or your preferred practise time limit if window on the right of the screen. To see a which will take you into the Grand Prix achieved a good enough time. A Telemetric shorter. This is your final chance to get to full screen view of the circuit select View. Menu. Monitor will be placed above your cockpit know how well your car will perform in the To return to the Track Select screen, press You are now faced with a number of panel and you can watch the times of other race itself. Beware, there may be a lot of the left mouse button, the spacebar, or your options: drivers. If you notice that other drivers are other cars on the circuit. joystick fire button. improving on your lap times, you can go Thursday/Friday Free Practise out again (as long as there is enough time Selecting the Info box will display Race Thursday/Friday Qualifying Session remaining for qualifying). There is a information relevant to the circuit you have Once you have practised, got to know the maximum qualifying session lap limit of 12 selected. You will see details of the Saturday Free Practise circuit, then qualified for a good grid laps. Exceeding this limit will result in qualifying lap record and the race lap position, you can enter the race itself. If you Saturday Qualifying Session disqualification of your times for that day. record. have not achieved a good time, or any time Pre-Race Warm Up Pressing ÔQÕ during Qualifying will return When you are ready to practise on your at all, you will still be on the starting grid your car to the pits. From the pits you have chosen circuit select OK. You will then be Race but at the back. the option of accelerating time for the other put into the pits in the car of your choice. You will be shown the position of all cars on Save Game drivers. This gives you the option of the starting grid. When you are ready to race, monitoring how the other drivers are Abandon Event select OK and you will be placed on the starting performing. If you wish to rejoin Qualifying Note: You can only access Saturday Free grid among all the other 25 cars waiting for the press ÔESCÕ and select Leave The Pits. Practise/Qualifying Session once you Red and Green lights. After completing the have completed Thursday/Friday Free specified amount of laps, you will be given the Practise/Qualifying Session. Final Race Positions. The Race will not count towards any Championship points.

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CHAMPIONSHIP Thursday/Friday Pre-Race Warm Up DRIVE OPTIONS SEASON Qualifying Session You will also have the option of the Pre- Selecting this screen, from the Drive Menu, Race Warm Up in full racing trim (fuel, allows you to alter a number of options. Selecting this option will take you into the This is your first qualifying session. Your settings). This session has a time limit of 30 Track Select screen. If you are starting a car will appear in the pits, from where you minutes, or your preferred practise time Quickrace Options new Championship Season, you have no can alter your car Set-Up. During limit if shorter. This is your final chance to option but to start from the first Grand Prix Qualifying you can choose to go into the You can change the initial track selection get to know how well your car will perform circuit of the season; Interlagos, . Pits at any period, if you feel you have and you can alter the grid position from in the race itself. Beware, there may be a lot achieved a good enough time. A Telemetric which you start the race. Selecting OK will take you into the Grand of other cars on the circuit. Monitor will be placed above your cockpit Prix Menu. Race Options panel and you can watch the times of other Race You will now be presented with the drivers. If you notice that other drivers are You can change the time of practise Once you have practised, got to know the following options: improving on your lap times, then you can periods, qualifying periods, the race go out again (as long as there is enough circuit, then qualified for a good grid Thursday/Friday Free Practise distance and your pitstop strategy. time remaining for qualifying). position, you will enter the race itself and Thursday/Friday Qualifying Session find yourself on the starting grid among all The Pitstop Strategy can be set to Pressing ÔQÕ during Qualifying will return the other 25 cars waiting for the Red and Automatic, Use car setup or Decide pitstop Saturday Free Practise your car to the pits. From the pits you can Green lights. After completing the race, you strategy at race start. accelerate time for the other drivers. ÔEscÕ Saturday Qualifying Session will be shown the Final Race Positions, freezes qualifying and takes you to the Automatic, means that the computer will then the DriversÕ Championship Positions Pre-Race Practise Qualifying Frozen from where you can select a fairly optimum strategy as it would and ConstructorsÕ Championship Positions. for a computer car. Race return to the cockpit, accelerate time, save the game/hot lap, or abandon qualifying. If you wish to continue the championship at Use Car Set-Up will follow the strategy Save Game a later date you could Save the season. If you manage to set a lap record in any race selected in the Car Set-Up Menu. Abandon Event Otherwise you will be given the option to or qualifying session, the computer will continue to the next Circuit. If you have Decide pitstop strategy at race start will automatically save that information under Thursday/Friday Free completed the last race of the season, you allow you to determine your strategy prior to your chosen driving name, if, when you exit will see the final points table. leaving the pits at the beginning of the race. Practise the game, you use the ÔSaveÕ option. Your car will appear in the pits garage for its first free practise. Before you commence your practise you can alter your existing Set-Up. During practise you always have the option to Save or Abandon.

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OPTIONS Copy Set-Ups will allow you to copy the From Advanced Options you can select LOAD GAME OR HOT car set-up from one circuit to the currently Inspect Vehicle which allows you to Accessible from the Main Menu, this lets selected circuit. inspect the degree of plank and tyre wear. If LAP REPLAY you change the number of turns each player your plank wear falls below the legal From Car Set-Up you can select Advanced This option will take you to the Load Game has in multi-player mode, the opposition minimum of 9mm then you will experience Options which allows you to make more screen. Different windows display drives, standard and the spread. extra drag as the plank rubs on the ground. detailed alterations to your vehicle set-up. In addition, from this screen you can If you notice that your plank is suffering Review Performance Data, from where Advanced Options Level 1 allows you to severe plank wear then it would be a good you can access View Performance data alter the following: idea to alter your car set-up to reduce plank and view graphs, stored from practise Damper wear. E.g. Increasing ride height could help sessions, illustrating relevant performance avoid plank wear. Spring data about your car (e.g. Revs, speed, etc.) Selecting View will allow you to compare your You can also superimpose data from Ride height current set-up with set-ups for other circuits. different laps on top of each other, so that Anti-roll bars you can instantly view a performance Car Realism Menu comparison. This is useful for judging how Advanced Options Level 2 allows you to different car set-ups affect your alter the following: directories, files, filenames, and information performance. In addition, you can access Packers about the files (eg file not found, etc.) Extract and save hot lap replay which You can load a game or a hot lap. A hot lap converts your hot laps to graphs (See Damper Fast Bump is a full lap replay, which can be saved to Performance Analysis Section). Damper Fast Rebound disk. Hot lap replays are loaded from the From the Drive Options screen you can Damper Slow Bump load game menu and lead to a replay of the also access the Car Set-ups Menu and the hot lap. Before the replay, a menu gives you Damper Slow Rebound Car Realism Menu. options to cycle the replay, show the replay Spring or return to the main menu. Car Set-ups Menu Allows you to select which of the following Ride Height Here you can alter the angle of the front and failures may occur during a race: Anti-roll bars rear wings, the brake balance, gear ratios Suspension failure and your pit stop strategy. You can select Note: For a comprehensive guide to the Loose Wheel different set-ups for qualifying and racing. above set-up features refer to Appendix C: Puncture In addition, you are able to create different Car Set-Up Procedure Guide or Engine Failure set-ups for every circuit. There is the Appendix D: Car Set-Up Reference Transmission Failure facility to load a previously stored set-up or Guide. Oil or Water Leaks to save your current set-up. Throttle or Brake Problems Electrical Problems View will allow you to compare set-ups from different tracks. Note: These selections are for the playerÕs car. Computer cars cannot turn them off.

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CHOOSE A DRIVER/ Printer Setup Graphics Detail Level Sound Setup TEAM Select Printer Type, Printer Port, Send at Allows you to amend the following: end of line or Send from feed after print. This option allows you to select a driver Music volume You can also do a test print. and team. You are also able to change team Car Engine volume and driver names. Once you have made any In Printer Options ÔSend at end of LineÕ you changes you can save them and reload them can select CR+LF, which will move the Car Skid volume at a later date. carriage of the printer back to the left and FX volume feed one line of paper through. CONTROL METHOD Alternatively you can select LF which will Ambient sound volume From this menu you can select Keyboard, just feed one line of paper through the Stereo/Mono printer. ÔSend form feed after printÕ, if Mouse, Joystick, or one of three custom sets A range of graphic detail levels are selected, instructs the printer to start a new of controls. To enter a custom set of adjustable from this menu. You should be Track Records page after the print job is completed. controls, you must select the Advanced aware that the level of graphic detail and Allows you to view track records. Selecting Menu which will allow you to select the amount of texture mapping will affect Merge Track Records allows you to load advanced steering, accelerate/brake and the speed of the game. different saved records and merge them gear controls. Once you have entered your ¥ Select which of the following features are together creating a definitive set of track control selections you can save them to texture mapped: kerbs, fences, verges, records. reload at a later date. track, banks, hills, cars, sky and all. For Linkup Menu OPTIONS each of these features you can choose which appear in the mirrors, and whether they are Offers you the opportunity to play against The Options screen allows you to select any untextured or as the forward view. other computer users either by a direct of the following: machine to machine link or via a modem. ¥ The frame rate can be set using the +/- About Formula One Grand Prix 2 buttons. Alternatively, you can choose to select You can select which communication port the frame rate estimated by the computer. Printer Setup you use. Note: whenever you are within the 3-D, you Graphics Detail Level You can select baud rate and link type can press the occupancy key ÔOÕ. If this is (direct/modem). Sound Setup on average less than 100%, you could If direct link is selected then the one increase your frame rate. If it is consistently Track Records computer must be set to ÔleadÕ and the other a lot more than 100% you could try to ÔfollowÕ. Linkup Menu reducing detail level or the frame rate. You can select your modem link to dial or Advanced Options ¥ Select the level of track-side detail you wait for a call. Return to Main Menu require from the following options: None, Low, Medium and All. You can select dial type (Pulse/Tone).

For details of using this option see Appendix E: Link And Modem Play.

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Advanced Options HOW TO ACCESS Performance Analysis Allows you to amend the following: PERFORMANCE Distance displayed in miles/kilometres ANALYSIS Date Format You can access Performance Analysis in two ways. Mouse Speed 1. From the Main Menu. Disable joystick control in menus Yes/No ¥ Select Drive Menu. Use hard disk swap file Yes/No - The full lap replay and performance analysis ¥ Select Drive Options. functions in Grand Prix 2 function best Performance Analysis utilises data ¥ Select Review Performance Data. with a large amount of memory. With this obtained from your carÕs on-board computer option enabled, the program will use your and allows you to create graphs showing ¥ Highlight the circuit from which you hard disk as a temporary buffer for hotlap every vital aspect of your carÕs performance. wish to analyse your performance. For example, using Performance Analysis, and performance data, if your machine does ¥ Select View Performance Data. not have enough memory. If this option is you could compare your braking technique disabled, the program will not use the hard on different laps. This would help you 2. From within any non-race session. realise how you managed to perform better disk and machines with insuffiecient ¥ When you have completed at least one on one lap than another. A range of features memory may be restricted in the number of data logged lap enter the pits. laps that can be stored at any one time, allows you to plot graphs containing many ¥ Select Car Set-Up. when the car is being driven. types of data. Formula One teams depend on performance analysis to maximise the ¥ Select Fetch Logged Data. Use bios for palette Yes/No - Select ÔYesÕ if efficiency of their drivers and cars. If you you have problems with screen fades on are to become a Grand Prix champion then ¥ Select View Logged Data. You will your machine. you cannot under-estimate the importance of now be taken into the Performance Analysis screen. Menu delay time - Controls the speed at this useful tool. which a menu is popped up over a new picture.

Fade Speed - The speed at which menu pictures fade in and out.

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HOW TO CREATE A In the lap window you will notice details of Saving Lap Data Lap Entries ‘Window’ the performance data. You can graph this PERFORMANCE data immediately, but if you wish to view it ¥ Highlight the lap you wish to save in the You can determine the way in which Performance Analysis ANALYSIS FILE at any other time you must create a Lap Entries ÔwindowÕ. lap data is displayed, in the Lap Entries ÔwindowÕ, by Performance Analysis File. Highlight the ¥ Select Save Lap. You need raw data in order to produce lap you wish to store as a Performance highlighting any of the following: performance analysis graphs. This can be ¥ Enter the name by which you wish to Analysis file. Select Save Lap. Enter the Sort by Lap Number - arranges the lap data obtained from a previously stored hot lap or store the lap data in the filename box. filename by which you wish to store the in order of lap number. from logged data (from practise laps you Performance Analysis file. Select OK. ¥ Select OK. have just completed). Sort by Time - arranges the lap data in order of time. 1. Creating A Performance Analysis File HOW TO USE Selecting A Lap To Graph From A Hot Lap. PERFORMANCE ¥ Highlight the lap you wish to graph, in Sort by Lap Time - arranges the lap data in order of the fastest laps. ¥ From the Drive Options Menu select ANALYSIS the Lap Entries ÔwindowÕ. Review Performance Data. ¥ Highlight Copy To Foreground. Note: Once the lap has a filename, then the The Performance Analysis screen allows filename is displayed instead of the time. ¥ Select the circuit from which you wish you to perform a number of functions: load ¥ If you wish to compare the data from This is useful as the filename may suggest to take your hot lap. lap data, save lap data, lap selection, graph two laps, highlight the lap you wish to the significance of the lap in terms of, for selected laps. ¥ Select Extract & Save Hot Lap use for your comparison and select example, a set-up experiment. Replay. This will take you into the load Copy To Background. Loading a Lap screen. Remove Foreground Lap ¥ Select Load or Add a Lap. Graph Selected Laps ¥ Highlight the hot lap file you wish to Selecting Remove Lap will remove the lap ¥ Select the lap/laps you wish to graph. analyse. ¥ Highlight the Performance Analysis from the list. file you wish to load. Performance ¥ Select Graph Selected Laps. You will ¥ Select OK. Analysis files are suffixed with a three be taken into the Performance Display Remove All Laps ¥ Performance Analysis data will be letter code. The first two letters of this screen. Selecting Remove All Laps will remove all saved to your hard drive. You can now suffix are PA (Performance Analysis). laps from the Lap Entries ÔwindowÕ. enter Performance Analysis and graph The third letter represents the circuit the data from that file. from which the data is taken. If you 2. Creating a Performance Analysis file wish to examine the data from a hot lap from logged data. you must first create a Performance Analysis file as detailed above. ¥ From the pits select Car Set-Up. ¥ After you have highlighted the required ¥ Select Fetch Data. Performance Analysis file select OK. ¥ Select View Performance Data. You will now be returned to the Performance Analysis screen, where ¥ You will be taken into the Performance the file will be displayed in the Lap Analysis screen. Entries ÔwindowÕ.

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PERFORMANCE DISPLAY Creating Custom Graphs Zoom In/Out Foreground Lap SCREEN ¥ Select Custom from the Graph pull You are able to zoom in and out of both the Selecting Foreground Lap displays the down menu. horizontal (x) and vertical (y) axes of the plotted line for this lap onto the graph. This This is the screen in which you will produce graph. depends, of course, on your having selected graphs of your selected lap data. Using this a data type, or group of data types, to be information, you can judge how your car ¥ To zoom in and out of the horizontal (x) displayed. set-up affects particular aspects of your axis select +/- on the x axis ÔwindowÕ. performance, and also judge on which areas ¥ When you zoom in on the horizontal (x) Background Lap of the course you could improve your axis, the graph will become larger than the performance. Selecting Background Lap displays the screen size. To view the plotted line, you ¥ Each of the above icons has a pull down plotted line for this lap onto the graph. This will need to scroll along the graph using the For those wishing to improve their carÕs menu from which you can select a data type depends, of course, on your having selected scroll bar at the bottom of the graph. You performance it is a good idea to change a to display on the graph. By selecting a data a data type, or group of data types, to be will see that on the left hand side of the particular aspect of the car set-up, drive a type from each icon you can display up to displayed. practice lap, save the lap data and then four data types at a time on the graph. You scroll bar are two - icons. The far left - icon Note: You can display both background and compare this data against a lap of the same can select any of the following data types scrolls the graph to the left. The other icon foreground laps on the graph at the same circuit driven, prior to making any set-up from each of the icons: None, Speed, is used for fine adjustments, scrolling the time. changes. Steer, RPM, Throttle, Brake, Gear, Lr Ride graph partially to the left. On the right hand side of the scroll bar there are two + icons. The Performance Display Screen allows Ht (Left Rear Ride Height), Rr Ride Height The far right + icon scrolls the graph to the Map you to view your performance data in an (Right Rear Ride Height), Lf Ride Ht (Left right. The other icon is used for fine Selecting Map places a map ÔwindowÕ of extremely wide range of ways which should Front Ride Height), Rf Ride Ht (Right Front adjusments, scrolling the graph partially to the circuit onto the graph ÔwindowÕ. The prove very useful, especially to the more Ride Height) Lr Travel (Left Rear Travel), the right. highlighted section of the circuit indicates advanced driver. Lf Travel (Left Front Travel), Rf Travel the area of the course to which the plotted (Right Front Travel), Rr Travel (Right Rear ¥ To zoom in and out of the vertical (y) line/lines, covered by the map ÔwindowÕ, Travel), Lr Wheelspin (Left Rear axis select +/- on the y axis ÔwindowÕ. Wheelspin), Lf Wheelspin (Left Front relate. Using the map you can examine your ¥ When you zoom in on the vertical (y) Wheelspin), Rf Wheelspin (Right Front performance at any stage of the circuit. For axis the plotted line may disappear from the Graph Wheelspin), Rr Wheelspin (Right Rear example, you could examine the speed at screen. This is simply because the graph is which you took certain bends, or how long Using the pull down menu you can create Wheelspin) now bigger than the screen. In such a case it took you to reach maximum speed on the graphs displaying any of the following: Inverse you will need to scroll the window up or straights (this could lead you to adjust your Speed & RPM, Gear & Throttle & Brake & down using the scroll bar to the right of the gear ratio settings). Try zooming in ÔxÕ and Steer, All Ride Heights, All Suspension Selecting Inverse turns the graph graph window. then dragging the red slider left and right. Travel, All Wheelspin and Custom. background colour from grey to black and Notice how the highlighted portion of the vice-versa. track moves as you scroll the data.

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USING THE SAVE AND FILE SUFFIX CODES LOAD CONTROLS File Type You are able to store a number of different Championship Season files - the first two Grand Prix 2 file types. You can save and letters of the file suffix are CH load Championship Seasons, Individual Races, Hot Laps and Performance Individual Race files - the first two letters Analysis files. of the file suffix are RA

Using the save/load screen you can enter Hot Lap files - the first two letters of the the name by which you wish your stored file suffix are HL Grand Prix 2 files to be known and select Performance Analysis files - the first two Grand Prix 2 files that you wish to load. letters of the file suffix are PA Each different file type has its own file suffix to enable you and the computer to Race Circuit recognise every file type. The first two Brazil - the final digit of the file suffix is A letters of the suffix indentify the file type while the third letter represents a race Pacific - the final digit of the file suffix is B circuit. - the final digit of the file suffix is C Monaco - the final digit of the file suffix is D - the final digit of the file suffix is E Canada - the final digit of the file suffix is F - the final digit of the file suffix is G Great Britain - the final digit of the file suffix is H - the final digit of the file suffix is I - the final digit of the file suffix is J Belguim - the final digit of the file suffix is K Italy - the final digit of the file suffix is L Portugal - the final digit of the file suffix is M Europe - the final digit of the file suffix is N - the final digit of the file suffix is O Australia - the final digit of the file suffix is P

PAGE 50 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL GP 2 Manual 51-75 8/5/99 9:08 Page 51

Mika Hakinnen discussing his grid position with , General Director at McLaren. In the , Hakinnen started in fourth and drove a good race until he was forced to retire with engine trouble on the 17th lap. Car handling information is relayed via headsets to all relevant pit personnel by the driver. GP 2 Manual 51-75 8/5/99 9:08 Page 52

GRANDE PREMIO DO From the pits straight, go flat out in 6th to approach the long left-hander that leads gear at 200 mph. Then, sweep left and right to the pit straight: Arquibancadas. This is BRAZIL. SAO PAULO for Curva 1 and Curva de Sol to wind up a good place to line yourself up for an Autodromo Jose , Interlagos, for the long Curva 2 left-hander to overtaking manoeuvre. Sao Paulo, Brazil accelerate past Reta Oposta in 6th at 190 mph. This is followed by two slight left- Length of Circuit: 2.688 miles / handers after Curva 3 and you can storm 4.325 km through the 4th gear Feradura. From here, you need to get into a good rhythm to take Number of Laps: 71 CURVA 3 CURVA 2 you through a series of slow winding Total Distance: 190.848 miles/ 6TH GEAR 190 MPH RETA OPOSTA bends: Laranji (2nd at 55 mph), 307.075 km Pinheirinho, Bico do Pato (2nd, 55 mph) (Qualifying): 1m.15.962 sec and Merghulo. Curva 4, taken in 2nd or (Senna) The Circuits CURVA 4 3rd, is next, a bumpy, slow left-hander. Fastest Lap (Race): 1m.18.455 sec 2ND-3RD GEAR CURVA DO SOL This bend is important in that, taken (Schumacher) MERGULHO properly, it can put you in a good position 4TH PINHEIRINHO FERADURA GEAR

PIT LANE BICO DO PATO 2ND GEAR LARANJI CURVA 1 55 MPH SUBIDA 2ND GEAR 55 MPH 6TH GEAR 200 MPH

ARQUIBANCADAS START/FINISH ANTI-CLOCKWISE

CIRCUIT DATA

Circuit Length: 2.688 miles/4.325km Race Distance: 71 laps, 190.848 miles/307.075 km Location: Autodromo José Carlos Pace, Interlagos, Brazil

APPENDIX A A circuit that demands a great deal from the However, this makes the inner sections of transmission with numerous gear changes. the track more difficult to drive as the The long left-hander can also make it wheels lose grip and the car feels jumpy exhausting for the drivers who have to fight and erratic. the strain on their neck muscles. ItÕs important to be quick on the two long 200 mph straights, so cars are set up with very little downforce.

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PACIFIC GRAND PRIX. looping right-hander which you could line Corner. Come out of this well and youÕll up for any overtaking action as you race flat have a good chance to overtake flat out in TI AIDA out 6th into the Hair Pin Corner a very 6th across the pits straight. TI Circuit Aida, Okayama, Japan tight right-hander that youÕd be wise to take slowly. Then comes the slowest part of the Length of Circuit: 2.314 miles / track a sequence of tight and frustrating PACIFIC CIRCUIT 3.723 km bends thatÕll keep you in 3rd. 4th and 5th ATTWOOD CURVE (for a very short period) - Revolver Corner Number of Laps: 83 a tight left-hander, then Piper Corner, Total Distance: 192.060 miles/ another left-hander, into a short straight but 309.027 km brake hard for the slow Redman Corner Fastest Lap (Qualifying): 1m.10.218 sec (25 mph in 2nd). Next loop right into (Senna) Hobbs Corner, accelerate out into the HAIR PIN CORNER Fastest Lap (Race): 1m.14.023 sec MOSS S MIKE KNIGHT WILLIAMS CORNER CORNER sweeping right-hander at 80 mph, but slow (Schumacher) REVOLVER CORNER HOBBS CORNER down and get into position for Last

PIPER CORNER

REDMAN CORNER

FIRST CORNER

PIT LANE LAST CORNER START/FINISH COURSE CIRCUIT DATA

Circuit Length: 2.314 miles/3.723 km Race Distance: 83 laps, 192.06 miles/309.027 km Location: TI Circuit, Aida

A clockwise track set deep in JapanÕs but itÕs important you maintain position in mountain region and more familiar to the slowest parts of the course. motorbike racers, 1994 was the first time From the grid accelerate to about 140 mph Aida was used as a Grand Prix Circuit. In in 5th, then brake hard into the First practice many of the drivers complained Corner right hander taken at 40-45 mph in that the circuit was very slow and slippery 3rd gear. You might have time to hit 90 making the car delicate to handle. In mph as you approach Williams Corner, a addition, the track was seen as too narrow 90 degree left-hander which you should with a lack of any straight lines making it take in 3rd at about 40 - 50 mph. Then itÕs almost impossible to overtake. Add up to the Moss S - a left-right ÔSÕ bend that Downforce to cope with the slippery nature can be clipped at 80 mph. Before you have of the track; you will lose straight line time to adjust, youÕll be on Attwood a

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Gerhard Berger accelerates out of Tosa up the hill towards Piratella in the San Marino Grand Prix. GP 2 Manual 51-75 8/5/99 9:09 Page 58

may be presented with a chance of hitting Now, flat-out throught the small chicane at GRAN PREMIO DI SAN Length of Circuit: 3.132 miles / the brakes late and overtaking - but itÕs not Variante Alfa, in and out in 3rd, and down 5.040 km MARINO. easy! Double-back up the hill to a fast left at towards two bumpy left-handers: Rivazza Number of Laps: 61 Autodromo Enzo & Ferrari, Imola, Piratella, flat out in 4th, then change up into (requires hard braking from 6th to 2nd). Italy 5th just as you leave the bend. Next, down Back in 5th gear, you approach Variante Total Distance: 191.075/ the hill into the long left-hander towards the Bassa, a right hand switchback that leaves 307.44 km A bumpy, bruising anti-clockwise circuit Acque Minerale chicane. The approach is you blind to the position of the apex. Fastest Lap (Qualifying): 1m.21.548 sec where cars run little wing and are often off-camber and blind; you have no view of Finally, you can weave through Traguardo (Senna) struggling for grip or clipping the kerb. the ÔSÕ until you are in it - in 2nd at 50 mph. - a left-right chicane that pushes you into Fastest Lap (Race): 1m.24.438 sec From the starting grid, you roar towards Here, there is a tendency to bounce from one the pit straight. (Schumacher) Tamburello, a long fast 6th gear left- side of the track to the other and you can hander, that pushes you into speeds in easily spin-off on this corner. excess of 170 mph. Accelerating into Rettifiolo, the cars may hit 200 mph before they break hard for Tosa, an off-camber tight left-hander (2nd at 60 mph). Here, you

IMOLA CIRCUIT 2ND GEAR 60 MPH PIRATELLA TOSA

RETTIFLIO 6TH GEAR VARIANTE ALFA ACQUE MINERALE 200 MPH 2ND GEAR 50 MPH

TRAGUARDO TAMBURELLO RIVAZZA

VARIANTE BASSA PIT LANE START/FINISH ANTI-CLOCKWISE CIRCUIT DATA

Circuit Length: 3.132 miles/5.040km Race Distance: 61 laps, 191.075 miles/307.440 km Location: Imola, Italy

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Take this fast in 2nd, (left-right zig-zag). MONACO CIRCUIT This narrow section needs to be driven with the utmost precision - one touch of the kerb

STE DEVOTE MIRABEAU and youÕre out of the race. Out of the 2ND GEAR chicane, flat out in 5th, the road widens and CASINO START you head for Tabac and the Swimming FINISH ROSES BAR Pool Complex in 3rd. Accelerate briefly, CLOCKWISE 6TH GEAR 170 MPH LOEWS TABAC 1ST GEAR 40 MPH brake hard and almost touch the barriers PORTIER with the right wheels. La Rascasse next, NOUVELLE PIT LANE CHICANE then in 2nd for Antony Noghes, accelerate

SWIMMING POOL COMPLEX out of the bend (3rd) then roar through the 6TH GEAR 175 MPH TUNNEL gears and flat-out in 6th towards the finishing straight.

ANTONY NOGHES HARBOUR

LA RASCASSE

Length of Circuit: 2.068 miles / 3.328 km

CIRCUIT DATA Number of Laps: 78 Circuit Length: 2.068 miles/3.328km Race Distance: 78 laps, 161.332 miles/259.584 km Total Distance: 161.332 miles/ Location: , Monaco 259.584 km

Fastest Lap (Qualifying):1m.18.560 sec GRAND PRIX DE hard through the left-hander (in 3rd) and (Schumacher) quickly right downhill, off-camber, almost Fastest Lap (Race): 1m.21.078 sec MONACO. MONTE-CARLO brushing the barrier as the road gets (Schumacher) , Monaco narrower, slippery and very bumpy. Mirabeau next, approached downhill in 5th, The qualifying laps for this circuit are very dropping to 2nd to take the simple but tight important because itÕs very difficult to pass bend. Accelerate sharply then brake anybody here unless they make a driving practically to a standstill for Loews. This is error or crash. The cars must be set for a 1st gear, 40 mph, hairpin that needs maximum downforce. maximum lock. Often, there is a procession After the mayhem of the first bend at Sainte of cars here and if youÕre not in the first six, Sparks fly from Oliver Panis’ , in the Devote, where everyone tries to squeeze then you have to wait your turn. Accelerate , as he roars out of the through, you pass RoseÕs Bar flat out in 6th gently through Portier (2nd) then flat out Lowens tunnel in sixth gear at a speed of at 170 mph - a great uphill straight, full of into the Lowens Tunnel (6th). Roar out in 180 mph. The tunnel is now very well lit dips, bumps and manhole covers that make 6th at about 175 mph, stay well out to the and does not affect the driver’s vision as the car judder and thump. Then to Casino, right and line up for the Nouvelle Chicane. they hit daylight.

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BARCELONA CIRCUIT

ELF

START/FINISH CLOCKWISE SEAT

RENAULT

PIT LANE REPSOL

LA CAIXA CAMPSA

BANC SABADELL

CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 2.950 miles/4.747km Race Distance: 65 laps, 191.768 miles/308.555 km Location: , Spain

GRAN PREMIO DE hander. If you are not in the lead, this gives your foot down before you reach the Banc you a good opportunity to overtake under Sabadell, a long constant radius bend. ESPANA. BARCELONA braking. Then, itÕs a slight left before a long Next, comes the approach to the straight. sweeping 4th gear right-hander that you Circuito de Catalunya, Santano, Barcelona, Spain Sweep right, foot down, then right again. leave in 5th and speed up for the short Take in 3rd, change to 4th and A circuit that has a wide range of corners from straight to Repsol; a corner which turns charge out in 5th before hitting 6th, flat out, slow, 2nd gear to fast 4th/5th gear, and which back on itself but whose angle progressively past the finishing line. includes a very long 200 mph overtaking widens. Next, a short burst of speed into straight. In shape it is very similar to Estoril Seat, brake, drop to 2nd at 45mph, Length of Circuit: 2.950miles/ but the surface here is much smoother. Drivers accelerate, then slight left, slight right before 4.747km will have to compromise between the taking Wurth in fourth and roaring off to Number of Laps: 65 downforce needed for the many bends and the Campsa, a fast, 3rd/4th gear right-hander. Total Distance: 191.768miles/ speed required for the pit straight. Most will in the Ferrari negotiates the After that, itÕs right and left through Nissan and 308.555km opt for little downforce and try to nurse their ‘Beirut’ chicane at the . flat out, up to La Caixa. This is another corner Lap Record (Qualifying): 1m.21.908sec cars through the infield section. This temporary tyre chicane was installed, that starts tight and opens out. Steer in, get on (Schumacher) after the disasters of the previous races, to From the start, accelerate through the gears, line early and as the corner widens, move to the Lap Record (Race): 1m.25.155sec slow down the cars as they approached flat out in 6th heading for Elf, a slow left- outside of the track. There is no time to put (Hill) Nissan and La Caixa.

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MONTREAL CIRCUIT Length of Circuit: 2.753miles/ 4.430km PITS HAIRPIN 1ST GEAR 40 MPH Number of Laps: 69 6TH GEAR 180 MPH 6TH GEAR 165 MPH Total Distance: 189.975 miles/ 305.670km

OLD PITS Lap Record (Qualifying): 1m.26.178sec (Schumacher)

Lap Record (Race): 1m.28.927sec (Schumacher) 6TH GEAR 175 MPH

5TH GEAR 160 MPH After made, in his own words, “My 6TH GEAR 195 MPH second best start of the season”, at the French PIT LANE Grand Prix, Michel Schumacher caused a sensation by overtaking him before the first START/FINISH CLOCKWISE corner. Here we see the drivers approaching the ISLAND HAIRPIN 1ST GEAR 45 MPH first bend with the Benneton leading the pack.

CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 2.753 miles/4.430km Race Distance: 69 laps, 189.975 miles/305.670 km Location: Circuit , , Canada

GRAND PRIX DU extended ÔSÕ bend. Then itÕs flat out in 6th - 180 mph along the back straight, slowing CANADA. MONTREAL down to 160 mph before slamming on the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal, brakes for the 1st - 2nd gear Pits Hairpin at Quebec, Canada 40 mph. ItÕs very important to get a good fast exit out of this bend, then right-left, through A fast circuit that needs a succession of what is thought to be the most dangerous hard-braking and accelerating. Drivers tend part of the circuit with high concrete walls to reduce downforce to get straight speed to on either side of the track. Past Old Pits and maximum, but this makes the slower into 6th, then accelerate through the straight sections much more difficult and at 175-195 mph. This is the fastest part of the emphasises the uneven surface of the circuit. circuit and leads to one of the least favourite From the start, proceed into the slow corners - down to 5th, 160 mph, a quick left- left/right Island Hairpin (1st or 2nd gear), right. ItÕs easy to clip the kerb and spin-off taken at 45 mph. Out of this, with a lot of here, either on entry or on the apex. But if wheelspin there is just enough time to get you come out of it well, you are set up for a into 5th at 160 mph before the long, charge down the finishing straight.

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GRAND PRIX DE After the pits straight, you roar into a fast left-hander which changes into a slow left- FRANCE. MAGNY-COURS hander at Big Bend then turns into a long Circuit de Nevers, Magny-Cours, France sweeping right-hander: Estoril Bend. Taken in 4th or 5th, this propels you into the long Smooth and challenging, doubling back on back straight, past the Golf Course Bend, in itself, with fast 4th-5th gear corners and top at 190mph. After the fastest point, brake first gear hairpins as well as a long top- hard for the first gear hairpin at Adelaide speed straight, Magny-Cours has been built Bend and turn into the infield part of the to appeal to Formula One spectators and TV course. Swing into the 2nd or 3rd gear Esse crews alike. The circuit has several constant then a short straight before Nurburgring, a radius corners but the cars are set up to slight right, then a sweeping left which turns carry less downforce. The five fast straights into a double-apex 180 degree bend that mean that acceleration and top-speed are throws you into another short straight almost more important than the fraction of a parallel with the previous one. second to be gained at corners when carrying more downforce. MAGNY-COURS CIRCUIT GOLF COURSE BEND

NURBURGRING ADELAIDE BEND Next, a 5th gear left-hander, Imola, which

180 DEGREES ESSE leads into the fast 4th gear bend at Chateau ESTORIL BEND dÕEau, then another short straight, under IMOLA BEND the bridge and into the Chicane before you BIG BEND take a good line sharp right into the Lycee Bend, then flat out across the finishing line.

CHATEAU D'EAU Length of Circuit: 2.654miles/ 4.271km

CHICANE Number of Laps: 72 START/FINISH Total Distance: 191.120miles/ CLOCKWISE 307.51km

LYCEE BEND PIT LANE Lap Record (Qualifying): 1m.16.282sec (Hill) CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 2.654 miles/4.271km Lap Record (Race): 1m.19.678sec Race Distance: 72 laps, 191.120 miles/307.512 km (Hill) Location: Magny-Cours, France

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BRITISH GRAND PRIX. Then the cars roar away from Chapel along the Hangar Straight, under the bridge, SILVERSTONE towards the double apex right-hander , Silverstone, Towcester, Stowe; taken in 3rd or 4th at 100mph. After , UK the Vale complex you have to take Club, a 3rd gear left-hander that throws you into the The circuit had been altered for the 1994 Abbey straight, a favourite overtaking Championship because it was considered stretch. In 6th, at 185 mph, sweep into the too dangerous. A bend such as Club Farm Straight and a fast right under Corner taken in sixth at 185mph with no Bridge towards Priory and . run off track was particularly hazardous. Two 2nd or 3rd gear left-handers followed Copse is a 4th gear corner that pushes you by two right-handers ending at Luffield, into a fast straight leading to Maggotts, then itÕs flat out along the fast Woodcote where you swing into the S shaped Becketts and through the finishing straight. in 2nd or 3rd. This slows the cars down and provides a better spectacle for the crowd.

SILVERSTONE CIRCUIT

CHAPEL

MAGGOTTS HANGAR STRAIGHT 2ND-3RD GEAR 1994 SAFETY CHANGES STOWE BECKETTS Copse, Priory, Woodcote were made 4TH GEAR DOUBLE APEX COPSE tighter to slow down cars. Stowe became a 3RD-4TH 90 degree turn. A left-right chicane was 100MPH added to Abbey to slow the drivers THE VALE PIT LANE approaching Bridge and the pit entrance

ABBEY was moved away from the track wall.

PRIORY Length of Circuit: 3.202miles/ START/FINISH BRIDGE CLOCKWISE FARM STRAIGHT CLUB 5.153km BROOKLANDS 6TH GEAR 185MPH 3RD GEAR Number of Laps: 60 WOODCOTE LUFFIELD Total Distance: 192miles/ 309.180km Pit crew swarm over Jean Alesi’s Ferrari as they negotiate Lap Record (Qualifying): 1m.24.960sec tyre change and refuelling at the , CIRCUIT DATA (Hill) Silverstone. Alesi finished in third but the day saw Damon Circuit Length: 3.202 miles/5.153km Lap Record (Race): 1m.27.100sec Race Distance: 60 laps, 192.000 miles/309.180km Hill extend William’s sequence of victories at the British Location: Northamptonshire, Great Britain (Hill) Grand Prix to four in a row.

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HOCKENHEIM CIRCUIT

2ND GEAR 50 MPH CHICANE 1 6TH GEAR 200 MPH 6TH GEAR 200 MPH

4TH GEAR 140 MPH 2ND GEAR 50 MPH

PIT LANE

SACHSKURVE The competitors line up on the grid at in the , giving the world’s photographers their last chance to take pre-race pictures. CHICANE 2 TART/FINISH 3RD-4TH GEAR CLOCKWISE OSTKURVE 4th or 3rd, then flat out for the rest of the 6TH GEAR 200 MPH GROSSER PREIS VON AGIPKURVE straight until Agipkurve. This is the most DEUTSCHLAND. difficult part of the circuit and tends to wear OPELKURVE HOCKENHEIM out tyres prematurely. , Hockenheim, Heidelberg, Approaching Sachskurve, slip to 4th, line the Germany car into the right-hander, foot down, sweep CIRCUIT DATA round, then 2nd gear to take the hairpin, speed There are three chicanes on the circuit, one Circuit Length: 4.227 miles/6.802km up, line up the car for the tight right-hander, Race Distance: 45 laps, 190.236 miles/306.090 km fast and two that have to be taken slowly. Location: Heidelberg, Germany brake lightly and roar out of Opelkurve in The rest of the course is a series of third towards the finishing straight. straights. This means that to have good top speed almost all downforce is taken off, and Hockenheimring is a good overtaking the cars are a horror to drive with no grip, circuit but the slow chicanes require brutal and twitchy on any bend. braking, and brakes tend to cool off on the long straights making them less efficient. From the start you take a 4th gear right- Most drivers find it difficult to establish a hander at 140mph, then put your foot down satisfactory rhythm on this course. Ôtill you hit 6th at 200mph for the fastest part of the course. Brake hard for Chicane Length of Circuit: 4.227miles/ 1 which hooks sharp right and can be taken 6.802km in second at 50 mph, but if you drive a bad line you may be forced to drop to bottom Number of Laps: 45 gear. Up through the gears again, flat out, Total Distance: 190.236miles/ 200 mph for the sweeping right-hander then 306.90km brake again for another chicane which you Lap Record (Qualifying): 1m.43.582sec take in 2nd at 50mph. Come out of that and (Berger) roar into Ostkurve, one of the fastest bends Lap Record (Race): 1m.46.211sec of any championship course; take it in 6th, (Coulthard) 200mph. Slow down for Chicane 2, drop to

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corners at 130mph in 4th, a short back CIRCUIT Length of Circuit: 2.466miles/ straight, then a double-apex left-hander 3.968km leading to a long sweeping right. Accelerate 4TH GEAR 130 MPH Number of Laps: 77 6th gear to 165mph in 5th, sweep left then go into 185 mph Total Distance: 189.851miles/ another double-apex bend. Slow down for 5TH GEAR 165 MPH 305.536km the 2nd gear chicane, then drive hard into a Lap Time (Qualifying): 1m.18.258sec whole series of fast corners before the (Schumacher) constant radius Pit Lane bend throws you 2ND GEAR Lap Time (Race): 1m.20.881sec START/FINISH out into the long finishing straight. CLOCKWISE (Schumacher) The twisting up and down nature of the PIT LANE track means that average speeds are quite low, about 105-110mph, and tyres wear out quickly as the drivers lose patience and try to exit corners faster than the tyres will allow. Most teams find that drivers come in for a tyre change much earlier than planned, if only to get away from the queues that develop on this circuit. CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 2.466 miles/3.968km Race Distance: 77 laps, 189.851 miles/305.536 km Location: Hungaroring, , Hungary

MAGYAR NAGYDIJ - you have to be quite patient, waiting for the right moment. Cars are usually set up for HUNGARIAN GRAND more downforce to gain the advantage of PRIX. BUDAPEST good grip on the numerous bends. Hungaroring, Budapest, Hungary Roaring away from the start, downhill, flat out in 6th at 185mph, the pit straight is the A tough but relatively slow circuit with a main overtaking point on the course. Then large number of corners and few straights. through the first of several constant radius ItÕs difficult to overtake on this course and

Katayama, Barrichello and Irvine collide on the second corner of the first lap at the . The accident meant that had not completed the first lap in his last four Grand Prix!

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GRAND PRIX DE from 160mph to 45mph while trying Through Les Fagnes and Stavelot you take desperately to overtake each other. Then, a series of fast corners that lead you to the BELGIQUE. SPA- itÕs a race up through the gears, downhill in long sweeping right and left towards FRANCORCHAMPS 6th at 180mph, you drop into the Eau Blanchimont, then brake hard for the Bus Rouge dip, a slight left, then sweep right Stop Chicane. For most drivers the Bus Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, uphill past Raidillon. This is one driving Stop is the least favourite corner. To be line you cannot afford to get wrong - one quick you have to run over the shallow Fast, challenging and exhilarating, Spa is a error and youÕre off the circuit! kerbs, which is always a risk. favourite circuit among Grand Prix drivers. Speed up through Kemmel and into the Length of Circuit: 4.313miles/ It successfully combines fast 6th and 5th long straight, flat out at 195mph, weave 6.940km gear corners with good 1st gear hairpins and through Les Combes and then take Number of Laps: 44 2nd gear chicanes. Generally cars are set up Malmedy in second. This is a tricky 180 Total Distance: 189.747miles/ with little downforce. degree corner, downhill and off-camber. 305.360km The weather is always a big factor at Spa- Pouhon is next; an extremely difficult left- From the start line, there is a short space of Lap Time (Qualifying): 2m.21.163sec Francorchamps and it is invariably wet hander that starts off in 6th, then drops to time before the cars reach the 1st gear, (Barrichello) which results in small, hazardous streams 5th at 150mph. 45mph La Source hairpin, the scene of Lap Time (Race): 1m.57.117sec crossing the circuit, making drivers adjust many opening-lap shunts, as 26 cars brake (Hill) their driving line. SPA-FRANCORCHAMPS CIRCUIT

STAVELOT

LES FAGNES LA SOURCE

PIT LANE BLANCHIMONT START LINE MALMEDY 2ND GEAR 50 MPH BUS STOP CHICANE POUHON 5TH GEAR 150 MPH FINISH LINE RAIDILLON CLOCKWISE

6TH GEAR 195 MPH EAU ROUGE LES COMBES 6TH GEAR 180 MPH KEMMEL

CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 4.313 miles/6.940km Race Distance: 44 laps, 189.747 miles/305.360 km Location: Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium

Rubens Barrichello, in the Jordan, leads at the start of the . The race was to end in controversy when Schumacher’s winning car was judged illegal. The Benetton’s skidblock, introduced PAGE 74 earlier in the season to reduce downforce, was 1.6mm thinner than the legal after-race thickness GP 2 Manual 76-100 8/5/99 9:17 Page 75

GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE 75 GP 2 Manual 76-100 8/5/99 9:17 Page 76

MONZA CIRCUIT CURVA DI LESMOS 4TH-5TH GEAR

CURVA DEL SERRAGLIO

CURVA DELLA ROGGIA 5TH GEAR CURVA DE VIALONE VARIANTE ASCARI 6TH GEAR 190 MPH

CURVA PARABOLIOCA 140 MPH 200 MPH PLUS VARIANTE GOODYEAR PIT LANE CURVA GRANDE RETTIFILO

START/FINISH CLOCKWISE CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 3.604 miles/5.800km Race Distance: 53 laps, 191.009 miles/307.400 km Location: , Italy

Then itÕs a tricky 3rd gear chicane Variante GRAN PREMIO D’ITALIA. modified to make it safer, including the Length of Circuit: 3.604miles/ introduction of the 2nd gear Variante Ascari. Come out of this in 5th and charge 5.80km MONZA Goodyear, a chicane that leads into the down Rettifilo Centro at 190mph in top and Number of Laps: 53 Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Milan, famous 5th gear Curva Grande. brake hard for the famous Curva Total Distance: 191.009miles/ Italy Parabolica, a fast, 180 degree right-hander Flat out towards Lesmos in fifth there is 307.400km thatÕs taken in 4th at 140mph. Accelerate to another 2nd gear chicane: Curva della Monza is always full of screaming, 160mph out of the bend, then storm through Lap Time (Qualifying): 1m.23.844sec Roggia, before the double right-hander hysterical crowds being marshalled by even the finishing line with your foot down in 6th. (Alesi) more hysterical officials. The drivers absorb Curva di Lesmos corner. You take the first Lap Time (Race): 1m.25.930sec part in 4th gear, then power up to take the the atmosphere and are spurred on to (Hill) perform to their utmost, especially if they second part flat-out. These corners have to are driving an Italian car. be taken just right; any slight error will slow you down considerably and put you in The cars run little wing to take advantage a bad position for the 180mph back straight, of the very fast start/finish straight, Curva del Serraglio. Rettifilo, which is crossed at speeds in excess of 200mph. The track has been

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Competitors jostle for position at the start of the . leads from in his Ferrari. His commanding lead was lost when his gearbox pump broke after 7 laps. GP 2 Manual 76-100 8/5/99 9:18 Page 80

Through Turn 6, a corner that begins tight long sweeping bends often mean that many ESTORIL CIRCUIT then opens out, foot down for a short drivers return to the pits earlier than planned 6TH GEAR 190 MPH straight and into the long series of fast as the heat and rough surface take their toll. TURN 1 START/FINISH bends, Turns 7-8-9-10. CLOCKWISE Length of Circuit: 2.703miles/ TURN 4 ItÕs important to maintain a good rhythm 4.350km 2ND GEAR through these bends. Keep concentrating - 45 MPH Number of Laps: 71 change up, change down, brake hard. PIT LANE Total Distance: 191.951miles/ TURN 5 TURN 2 The final corner before the pit straight, 308.850km 5TH GEAR Turn 11, is a real challenge for any 6TH GEAR 180 MPH Lap Time (Qualifying): 1m.20.608sec TURN 3 TURN 6 Formula One driver. ItÕs a long, constant (Berger) 5TH GEAR radius sweeping bend that you enter in 4th TURN 11 Lap Time (Race): 1m.22.446sec and leave in 5th, accelerating all the way, TURN 10 TURN 7 (Coulthard) ready to get in position to overtake. 4TH GEAR TURN 9 Estoril is a circuit thatÕs not only hard on TURN 8 gears and brakes but also tough on tyres; the

CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 2.703 miles/4.350km Race Distance: 71 laps, 191.951 miles/308.850 km Location: Autodromo do Estoril, Portugal

GRANDE PREMIO DE 190mph in 6th before Turn 1, trying to overtake each other, before braking into the PORTUGAL. ESTORIL 4th gear corner. Turn 2 is another sweeping Autodromo do Estoril, Estoril, Portugal right-hander, then itÕs up to 5th for the short straight. Brake hard for Turn 3, the Estoril is a tough, tiring circuit with several Martini Bridge Bend, a tight double-apex long, constant radius corners and some very right-hander. ItÕs important to drive a good bumpy straights. If the car is starting from line through the infield at Estoril, avoiding near the front of the grid then itÕs wise to the kerbs and the sandy, greasy edges. run a lot of downforce to cope with the long bends, but if you are starting low down Turn 4 is almost a mirror image of the in the order then you must use less previous corner. Take the left-hander in 2nd at downforce, otherwise youÕll find it very 45mph, then race up through the gears, swing difficult to overtake. through the slight right-hander, Turn 5, then flat out in 6th at 180mph. This is probably the The start/finish line is in the middle of the best place to overtake on the whole circuit. circuitÕs longest straight. Cars accelerate to

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Sweep out of , changing up to 5th perhaps the slowest part of the circuit. JEREZ CIRCUIT to take Turn Three - a left-hand 150 mph Then race through the gears to 6th at 180 curve that will exert strong G force. Now, mph, before slowing down for Ducados in CURVA EXPO 92 CURVA PELUQUI down to Sito Pons a fast right hander that 2nd - a tight left-hander that leads back to allows you to accelerate from 130 to 150 the start line straight. CURVA mph to hit the long, overtaking straight and go flat out. The speed of the straight means Length of Circuit: 2.751miles/ 4.428km CURVA ANGEL NIETO CURVA MICHELIN that you will approach Dry Sack, a tight Number of Laps: 69 PIT LANE right hander, at 185 mph braking down to 60 mph (2nd or 3rd). Speeding up, youÕll Total Distance: 189.75miles/ next head for Turn Six a 120 mph left 305.532km

hander tackled in 4th. Turn Seven is a Lap Time (Qualifying): 1m.22.762sec START/FINISH continuation of the loop, another left (Schumacher) CURVA DRY SACK CLOCKWISE hander that you should hit at 130 mph and Lap Time (Race): 1m.25.040sec CURVA DUCADOS leave at about 85 mph, changing down (Schumacher) from 5th to 3rd. Now get ready for two tight right hand bends Angel Nieto and Peluqui approached at about 85 mph. CIRCUIT DATA Grand Prix wouldn’t be complete without a Accelerate through a short straight to the touch of glamour. Grid Girls parade national Circuit Length: 2,750 miles/4.428 km Race Distance: 69 laps, 189.75 miles/305.532 km CURVA SITO PONS Ayrton Senna Chicane - a right-left flags along the pit straight at the pre-race build Location: Jerez, Spain combination taken only in 2nd gear - up of the in Jerez, Spain.

GRAND PRIX OF A good grid position is very important on this tight, narrow circuit that encompasses EUROPE - JEREZ lots of twists and turns. Beware, you will find it extremely difficult to overtake, , particularly if the driver in front decides to , Spain shut the door on you. If youÕre at the front of the grid run more downforce - youÕll need it to keep up with the twists and turns. If youÕve got a bad grid position youÕve got no option but to take off downforce - or youÕll never keep up or overtake.

From the pits straight, go flat out in 6th at 180 mph then brake hard into the Expo 92 bend: a 3rd gear right-hander. Change up briefly before negotiating Michelin - a tight right-hander taken at 60 mph in 2nd.

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FUJI TV . SUZUKA Suzuka Circuit, Mie-ken, Japan SUZUKA CIRCUIT

START/FINISH CLOCKWISE

FIRST CURVE CASIO CHICANE PIT LANE

HAIRPIN CURVE DUNLOP CURVE S CURVE 4TH GEAR 1ST GEAR 40-45MPH 5TH GEAR

6TH GEAR 200 MPH

4TH GEAR 6TH GEAR CROSSOVER DEGNER CURVE

SPOON CURVE over the bumpy crest and come down hard Length of Circuit: 3.641miles/ CIRCUIT DATA for the two right handers Degner Curve 5.859km Circuit Length: 3.641 miles/5.859km and Crossover. You now pass under the Race Distance: 53 laps, 192.952 miles/310.527km Number of Laps: 53 Location: Shiroko, Japan circuit and approach at a slow 40mph for the first gear Hairpin Curve. This corner Total Distance: 192.952miles/ An interesting, undulating course and the The pits straight is a 6th gear, 190 mph charge can play havoc with your rear tyres if you 310.527km only figure of eight in the Grand Prix. where it is perfectly possible to overtake, then try to exit too quickly and overspin the back Lap Time (Qualifying): 1m.37.209sec Tough, 6th gear corners combine with first itÕs down to 5th for the First Curve. You drift wheels. Now line up the car for the long (Schumacher) gear hairpins to make tyre stops essential. the car to the left side of the track, down to double apex left hander. Enter in 4th but Lap Time (Race): 1m.56.597sec Little downforce is set because of the three fourth and race out of the corner. slow down for the second part of Spoon (Hill) long straights, and the cars generally feel Curve for itÕs quite easy to spin off here. Next, you come to a series of 4th gear sluggish in the corners. bends (The S Curve). Driving as tight a Next, you get to one of the fastest straights, line as possible through these, you leave 6th gear, 180mph, sweeping left with both Dunlop Curve with your foot down in 5th, hands on the wheel. Ease your car carefully going uphill and blind for the oncoming through the slow Casio Chicane then storm left-hander. The car feels light as you roar through, flat out past the finishing straight.

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degree bends but you will also need the Next, you step hard on the brakes to take a AUSTRALIAN GRAND Length of Circuit: 2.349miles/ speed for the Jones and straights. tricky, 1st gear, 40mph hairpin and speed 3.780km PRIX. ADELAIDE up, into 3rd for a deceptive tightening After the start, you come to a fast, 4th gear Number of Laps: 81 corner. Stay wide as long as possible, hit Adelaide Grand Prix Circuit, Norwood, chicane at Wakefield Road, take this at the apex late, brake, change down, take a Total Distance: 190.292miles/ South Australia about 140mph then flat out towards the line on the outside and follow the curve of 306.180km A hard, unforgiving that Flinders Street Complex. The road is very the bend to give you the smoothest possible Lap Time (Qualifying): 1m.16.179sec requires numerous gear changes and is very bumpy here and the occasional manhole exit angle. Past Pits and right through (Mansell) tough on brakes and tyres. The last Grand cover will knock the breath out of you. Racecourse. Brake hard, change down into Best Lap Time (Race): 1m.17.140sec Prix venue of the Championship season and Brake hard for a difficult 2nd gear, 90 2nd for a good fast exit into the finishing (Schumacher) always very exciting as teams try to finish degree right-hander, then left 90 degrees, straight. the year off with a win. Adelaide has been and right 90 degrees. Through East Terrace responsible for deciding the outcome of and a fast off-camber left hander, drop down several championships, the most famous to 2nd and steer a good line to hit Jones being Nigel MansellÕs blowout in 1986. Straight in 5th. Foot down, then a slight Again, there is a need to compromise with right and into Brabham Straight, under the downforce; youÕll need a lot for the 90 two bridges flat out, 200mph in sixth. ADELAIDE CIRCUIT

2ND GEAR EAST TERRACE

FLINDERS STREET 2ND GEAR

WAKEFIELD ROAD 5TH GEAR

START/FINISH JONES STRAIGHT CLOCKWISE 4TH GEAR 140 MPH

PIT LANE WAKEFIELD ROAD BRABHAM STRAIGHT

1ST GEAR 40-45 MPH 6TH GEAR 200 MPH

CIRCUIT DATA Circuit Length: 2.349 miles/3.780km Race Distance: 81 laps, 190.292 miles/306.180 km Location: Adelaide, Australia

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The data logger records car performance The data logger records the following Steering demand Wheelspin can occur when the car is information which can be graphed and information: travelling at low speeds, or is in a low gear The steering demand indicates the point at analysed, in the Performance Analysis Speed and there is a large throttle demand. If the which you turned into a corner. Menu. This information can be useful when Steering demand inside rear wheel goes ÒlightÓ, when adjusting car set-ups. The information can RPM Upwards deviations indicate turns to the left travelling around a corner, then traction may also be used to compare performance over Throttle while downward deviations indicate turns to be lost and you may wonder whether too different laps. This can help you improve Brake the right. much throttle was applied as opposed to there your driving technique. You can also Gear being a need to soften the rear suspension. compare your performance with the Ride height (for each wheel) RPM One sign that a set-up change has been performance of a friend. Suspension travel (for each wheel) The RPM shows how you made use of the successful is if the throttle traces, of a Wheelspin (for each wheel) engine in relation to the gears.. ÒbeforeÓ and ÒafterÓ lap, demonstrate that Speed You can also see when rev limiting occurs, you were able to get on the throttle earlier, or i.e. when the revs are at their highest and had a higher level of throttle through a bend. the speed curve becomes flat instead of Brake climbing. The brake can be of interest when Throttle comparing laps to see which braking points produce the best result.

One sign that a set-up change has been Data Logging Guide successful is if the brake traces, of a Data recordings start when the car exits the ÒbeforeÓ and ÒafterÓ lap, demonstrate that pit-lane. A lap of logged data is registered you were able to brake later for a bend. when the car either crosses the start/finish The speed trace enables you to analyse your Gear line or re-enters the pit-lane. All registered speed at any point in the lap. laps are available after they have been The gear display shows when gear changes fetched from the data logger. You are also It can be particularly useful when occur. These can sometimes explain spikes able to convert saved hot laps into data comparing laps, especially where one has a in other traces as the forces on the car logged data (i.e. performance analysis files). split time better than the other. Used in temporarily change. combination with steer, brake, throttle, The throttle can be of interest when RPM and gear, you can discover which comparing laps to see which level of throttle driving techniques produce the best results. through a corner produces the best result.

If you are adjusting the car set-up, the speed The throttle value can be useful particularly trace can show on which section of the when assessing the wheelspin. circuit, the car is fastest. It can also show where the fastest corners are. All of this APPENDIX B - information should assist you in improving the car set-up and performance.

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Ride heights (for each wheel) For example, if the ride height is 25 mm Suspension travel Once those packers have been inserted if above the ground at its lowest point you reduce the ride height by, for example, (for each wheel) (probably a fast straight) then, considering 3 mm, then an additional 3mm of packing is there is a 10mm plank under the floor, this required to keep the plank off the ground at means you could lower the ride height by the worst part of the lap (i.e. where the ride 15 mm before the plank would start to rub height is lowest). Inspection of the plank on the ground. This is a slight indicates the actual wear but the traces simplification, but the principle is allow you to make sensible judgements. If important. The plank is located in the the wheel is gripping without slipping, then middle of the car and not at the front. This this velocity is the road speed of the wheel. means that the plank may be off the ground if the front is less than 10 mm off the Wheelspin (for each wheel) ground. This is due to the pitch angle of the The ride height measures the distance car (i.e. the pitch angle may be higher at the between the car floor and the ground. back of the car than at the front). The same Suspension travel is useful for set-up level 2 When the car is travelling on a straight the is true for roll angle. One side of the car can in that it helps to identify how many two rear wheel traces should be virtually dip lower than 10 mm. Ultimately packers you need to keep the plank off the identical to each other. The two front wheel inspection of the plank will produce the ground. The trace actually represents traces should also be virtually identical to final verdict. However you can make suspension movement relative to any each other. Then, for example, if the car sensible judgements using the trace. packers you have fitted. This means that the goes around a right hand corner the left trace relative to the bottom of the chart Note: When the car is moving, the optimum hand side of the car floor drops and the actually shows the available remaining undercar downforce results from setting the right hand side of the car floor rises. This travel of the suspension. Therefore, if you ride height as low as possible. It is important results in the two rear traces moving apart find the point on the circuit with the lowest however, that the rear ride height is set a The wheel circumference velocity is shown from each other, and similarly with the ride height (using the ride height trace) and certain height above the front ride height. in the trace. If the wheel is gripping, without front traces. then check the available suspension travel slipping, then this velocity is the road speed at the same part of the lap, then this will It is possible to examine how low the car of the wheel. You can see how, when the car indicate the depth of additional packers gets as it travels around the circuit. It is goes around a bend, the outside wheels have required to remove the remaining normally good practice to ensure that the further to go and so have a higher speed than suspension travel. So, in effect, at that part car is as low as possible without the plank the inside wheels. Wheelspin is shown on of the lap the car is on the bump rubbers. rubbing on the ground. By examining the the trace by sharp upward spikes. Wheels ride height of the car you can judge what locking due to braking or scrub, are shown adjustments, if any, you could make. by a sharp downward spike. This trace can be useful when assessing traction on a bumpy circuit, or in corners generally. It may indicate a need to soften the suspension at the rear of the car.

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REAR WING If you decide on high downforce then... 2. b) Increase the rear wing setting to reach Question: Does the circuit high speeds in corners.

have high, low or medium Use the Speed trace, on the Performance downforce priority ? Analysis Graph, to compare your speeds through the corners with different wing E.g. Monaco needs high downforce because settings. Also use the speedometer to of the many corners and few straights. determine the fastest speeds through the Hockenheim needs low downforce because corners. If you have no acceleration in 6th of the long straights and few corners, and gear, go to step 4b and shorten the gear Suzuka needs medium downforce because ratio. If the car understeers in fast bends of the mix of long corners and fast straights. then go to step 3 and increase the front wing Examine track layout diagrams and try out a setting. Eventually a lack of straight line few laps to get a feel for each circuit. performance will outweigh any cornering

APPENDIX C speed advantage. This will become apparent If you decide on low downforce then... by trial and error and when your lap times The Sauber team at the Pacific Grand Prix in Japan. The experience and ingenuity of 2.a) Reduce the rear wing setting to reach slow down. mechanics, designers, research and development personnel, and the skill of drivers are all high speeds on straights. needed to create a successful Grand Prix team. If you decide on medium downforce then... If you reduce the rear wing setting by a large 2. c) Adjust the rear wing setting to find the You can improve your chances of amount, reduce the front wing setting by an CAR SETUP STANDARD best overall compromise between 2a and 2b. qualifying on pole position and winning equal amount to avoid large balance races by optimising the set up of your car. MENU changes. Use the Speed trace on the Do this along with steps 3 and 4. Use the Performance Analysis Graph to determine Speed trace, on the Performance Analysis In general you will always be looking for NB: Setting up the car is an exercise in the fastest straight on the circuit. Use the Graph, to study the circuit. Use the split best laptimes as an indicator of the best compromise - everything affects everything speedometer to determine the fastest speed times, to compare laps with differing car set- settings. else! Remember, if you try something and it doesnÕt work, you still have a positive result on the straight. If the rev limit is reached in ups. The best adjustment is found by trial The following step by step guide to setting because trying the opposite will very often 6th gear then go to step 4a and lengthen the and error and by comparing your lap times. up the car should help you achieve these cause the desired effect. gear ratio. If the car oversteers in fast bends best laptimes. then go to step 3 and lower the front wing. Car Set-up Procedure Guide You may need to consult the Glossary (see Eventually, lack of cornering performance Appendix M) to gain a clearer under- outweighs any straight line speed advantage. standing of some of the technical terms This will become apparent by trial and error used in this section. and when your lap times slow down. The 1. Select an initial set-up with slight top speed of the car will have increased so understeer. you will need to brake earlier for corners. Grand Prix 2 provides you with this for each track.

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Heinz-Harald Fritzen’s Sauber in the team CAR SETUP ADVANCED Dampers are necessary to dissipate any FRONT WING paddock at the . energy that is stored in the springs as they 3. Adjust the front wing setting for desired Close attention is paid by mechanics and LEVEL 1 MENU compress and expand (e.g. when going over balance in high speed corners. designers to every aspect of a car’s Advanced Level 1 introduces the setup bumps). Generally stiffer springs require performance. Cars must be set-up with the This adjustment should be made in tandem options of springs, dampers, ride height and more damping. It is usual for the left and driver in position. A slight alteration in with step 2a, 2b or 2c. anti-roll bars. In general, the stiffer a right hand values of these setup devices to weight can make all the difference. wheelÕs suspension is, compared to the other be equal (giving a condition of lateral NB: The body, wheels and rear wing are wheels, the more load it will attract during symmetry). However on certain tracks responsible for aerodynamic drag. manoeuvres. The more heavily loaded a tyre which have a bias in the number of left or The front wing does not additionally is, the less efficient its grip becomes. Thus a right hand corners, you could try different contribute to drag because of the nature of stiff front leads to understeer, and a stiff rear setup values on the left and right side of the the airflow over an F1 car. Thus the front leads to oversteer. car (lateral asymmetry). wing is only used to control the When the car is travelling in a straight line, In an attempt to slow cars down, a 1994 aerodynamic balance of the car. However, only the springs support the weight of the Formula 1 rule change requires the teams to more front wing can interfere with airflow car. In the middle of a long corner when fit a 10mm thick wooden plank to the over the rear wing resulting in reduced rear there is a non-zero angle of car body roll, underside of the car. No more than 1mm downforce. Remember that compensating the anti-roll bars also help to support the car plank wear (due to rubbing on the ground) is for this with more rear wing will increase (the larger the angle of roll, or the stiffer the allowed during the race and this ensures that drag, or that compensating with more anti-roll bar, the greater the support the ride height is not so low, thus reducing steering demand will increase tyre wear. provided). The dampers can also help to the values of under car downforce. The GEAR RATIOS support the car, but this aspect of their use Advanced Level 1 menu allows you to is only described in Advanced level 2. inspect the plank, but in Grand Prix 2, rather 4. Adjust the gear ratios in the following than being disqualified for excessive plank circumstances; BRAKE BALANCE wear you will find that there is an extra drag a) if reaching the rev limit in 6th gear, penalty (once the legal limit has been lengthen the 6th gear ratio. Adjust the brake balance to avoid understeer exceeded) as the plank runs along the ground. /oversteer when braking at turn-in. b) if there is a lack of acceleration in 6th gear, shorten the 6th gear ratio. If the car understeers when braking, adjust brake balance towards the rear of the car. If Use the Speed trace, on the Performance the car oversteers when braking, adjust Analysis Graph, to determine the fastest brake balance towards the front of the car. straight on the circuit. Use the speedometer Both of the above conditions can result in to determine the fastest speed on the braking distances on the straights being too straight. It may be necessary to adjust 3rd, long. Continue to make adjustments until 4th and 5th gears to prevent a large gap in the preferred balance is achieved. the gear ratios. This adjustment should be made in tandem with step 2a, 2b or 2c.

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Springs 6. b) On a relatively smooth circuit you Note: Downforce gained from lower ride Anti-roll bars should stiffen the springs to facilitate a height has no drag penalty. Therefore, 6. a) Fit softer springs to improve your 9. Adjust anti-roll bars for balance in slow reduction in ride height because: reducing ride height all round is more performance over bumps. and medium corners. Ride height needs to be relatively large with desirable than increasing wing settings. NB: Spring adjustments are made to smooth Reducing ride height will increase plank Anti-roll bars are only effective when the soft springs. out the ride over bumps. wear rate if the car gets too low. Use the car has roll angle. Pick a long corner to Stiffer springs give rise to smaller Ride Height trace, on the Performance ensure damper effects have finished. If the Each circuit has a unique surface suspension travels. Analysis Graph, to determine what ride car understeers in corners, soften the front ÔbumpinessÕ profile. The ÔbumpinessÕ can height you are achieving around the circuit. anti-roll bars, or stiffen the rear anti-roll only be discovered by driving around the Smaller suspension travels allow reduction in ride height. bars. If the car oversteers in corners, stiffen circuit. Make small adjustments in tandem Dampers the front anti-roll bars, or soften the rear with steps 8 and 11. If the car understeers Reducing the ride height will increase 8. Adjust dampers to improve performance anti-roll bars. Continue to make on bumps then soften the front springs. If undercar downforce. over bumps. adjustments until the preferred balance has the car oversteers on bumps then soften the Be careful not to lose traction by stiffening the been achieved. You may have to go back to rear springs. If the car loses traction on NB: Damper adjustments are made to help rear too much. Compare the Speed trace on step 3 since the anti-roll bars also work in bumps, then soften the rear springs. Use the keep the tyres on the track. the Performance Analysis Graph to determine fast corners. Wheel Spin trace, on the Performance in which area loss of acceleration occurs. Make small adjustments in tandem with 6 Analysis Graph, to determine any loss of a). If the car understeers on bumps, soften Note: Softer settings all round will improve Ride height traction. If softening the springs makes the the front dampers. If the car oversteers on cornering grip/traction and reduce tyre wear. plank rub along the ground, you may need 7. Adjustment of ride height. bumps, soften the rear dampers. Continue to Stiffer settings all round will improve sloppy to increase the ride height (see step 7). Use make adjustments until the car ceases to handling and allow lower ride heights Note: The ride height values relate to the the Ride Height trace on the performance skate/step out. If you are losing traction on without the plank rubbing on one side. analysis graph, to determine any ride height car when stationary. When the car is in motion, downforce and bumps will vary the bumps, soften the rear dampers. variations. Continue making adjustments Tyre wear ride height. NB: Making the dampers too soft will cause until ride height variations become 10. Soften the suspension all round, if sloppy handling. smoother. Maximum suspension travel will Ride height must be high enough to keep necessary, to prevent excessive tyre wear. now have been finalised. Softer springs will the plank off the ground as the springs lead to more weight being shifted to the compress. Ride height settings need to be Use the tyre wear display to assess the front wheels during braking. This leads to a higher if the springs are softer. Reducing amount of tyre wear. loss of braking power due to the front tyres ride height will increase undercar locking. Therefore, you will need to shift downforce. However, when the car is in the brake balance, by a small amount, motion, there is an optimum, relative ride towards the rear of the car. height between the front ride height and the rear ride height. At this optimum ride height the rear ride height will be higher than the front ride height.

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CAR SETUP ADVANCED A further disadvantage is that the car rolls 11. a) Soften bump dampers to improve the slow rebound first and then the fast and pitches more as a result of the higher performance over bumps. rebound. Terminate the adjustment when LEVEL 2 MENU centre of gravity and is therefore less the preferred balance has been achieved. Note: Bump damper adjustments are made responsive to sudden changes in direction or The setup features provided by the Car Setup to help keep the tyres on the track. Advanced Level 2 Menu are an extension of sudden braking. The balance of the car is Packers Make small adjustments in tandem with 6 those used in Advanced Level 1. The also affected due to an exaggeration of any Advanced level 2 makes it possible to run a). If the car understeers on bumps, soften additional setup devices being introduced are front / rear bias in the setup. Setting the car the car on a set of bump stops (or bump the front bump dampers. If the car 4 way adjustable dampers and packers. In up to Advanced level 2 will allow you to rubbers) to limit the downward movement oversteers on bumps then soften the rear Advanced Level 1 we saw that springs overcome these disadvantages. of the body. Consequently, for a given bump dampers. Set the slow bump first and support the car on straights and that they are spring stiffness, the ride height can be 4 Way adjustable dampers then the fast bump. Continue to make helped by anti-roll bars in corners (at non- substantially reduced to gain downforce, adjustments until the car ceases to zero roll angles). Besides absorbing energy The dampers on an F1 car are designed to without the plank rubbing on the ground. skate/step out. If losing traction on bumps, from the springs, dampers also help to have different stiffnesses when the wheel is The method adopted for controlling at what soften rear dampers support the car but only when the car is moving up and towards the body (bump) ride height the bump stops come into play is actually rolling i.e. it has roll velocity. and when it is moving down and away from Note: Making the dampers too soft will to fit packers (spacers) into the Consequently, the support contribution from the body (rebound). The bump direction, as cause sloppy handling. spring/damper unit so that the bump rubbers the dampers is only noticeable at entry to and its name suggests is meant principally to are reached prematurely, thus limiting 11. b) Adjust the rebound dampers to exit from corners. This is useful if the driver cope with bumpy road surfaces. The suspension travel. obtain desired balance during steering wishes to have a different balance at the rebound direction is used to control car transients. This section forms an extension of the Ride turn-in to, or exit from, a corner than at the balance at entry to and exit from corners. Height section in the Advanced Level 1 apex (determined by the front/rear spring and Rebound damper forces are typically 2/3 Note: Rebound damper settings affect car menu. Lowering the car will result in less anti-roll bar stiffness balance). The transient times the strength of bump damper forces of balance during steering transients, i.e. at roll and pitch as the centre of gravity is effect of the dampers will last longer if their the same setting. Therefore, although as a entry to and exit from a corner (when car lowered. That will affect cornering and settings are stiffer. car rolls into a corner the outside wheels go has roll velocity). brake balance, which must be optimised into bump and the inside wheels go into As you may have found in Advanced Level If car understeers during transients, soften afterwards. rebound, the rebound tends to provide the 1 setup, the only way to keep the plank off the front rebound damper (or stiffen the dominant damping. Both the bump and the ground when the springs are compressed rear). If the car oversteers during transients, rebound directions have high and low speed under downforce is to raise the ride height of soften the rear rebound damper (or stiffen adjustments. The low speed adjustment sets the car. The disadvantage of this is that there the front). Steering transients last longer if the car handling characteristic of the may be a loss of under car downforce. the rebound dampers are relatively stiff. Be damper and the high speed adjustment careful not to lose traction by stiffening the allows further adjustment of the damperÕs rear too much. Compare the Speed trace, on effect over surface bumps. the Performance Analysis Graph, to determine area with loss of acceleration. Use the wheelspin trace, on the Performance Analysis Graph, to determine the area in which loss of traction occurs. Set

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Question: Do you wish to ground. You can use the Suspension Travel trace, on the Performance Analysis Graph, run for periods on the to determine when the bump rubbers are in bump rubbers? play and how many packers to use (see Appendix B: Data Logging Guide). Carry NB: Running on bump rubbers allows on until the suspension travel is too reduction in ride height. Running on bump restricted (in corners or over bumps). rubbers allows softer springs to be used for bumpy tracks. Bump rubbers are used to NB: If the track is bumpy, the ride height limit allowable suspension travel. Packers may end up relatively high. are used to vary the position of the bump Answer: Yes - to intentionally use the bump rubbers. Bump rubber suspensions only rubbers as suspension but not in high speed become usable at high speeds. When in use, corners. the bump rubbers are the only active part of the suspension. Bump rubbers are very 12. b) Adjust the ride height to prevent much stiffer than springs, bars and dampers. running on bump rubbers in high speed However, the additional stiffness does not corners. When the car slows down to enter a generally affect handling because the tyres corner the ride height increases. This ride are so heavily loaded by the time the bump height increase will ideally bring the car off rubbers come into play. the bump rubbers. If not, then increase the ride height and remove the redundant Answer: Yes - to intentionally use the bump packers. Use the Suspension Travel trace, rubbers as suspension. on the Performance Analysis Graph, to 12. a) Fit packers to facilitate a reduction in determine how many packers to fit (see ride height. An overall reduction in ride Appendix B: Data Logging Guide). height will increase the under car Terminate the adjustment when you are no downforce. The optimum ride height occurs longer running on bump rubbers. when the rear ride height is a certain Answer: No - to intentionally avoid running amount higher than the front ride height. A on bump rubbers. reduction in ride height does not affect suspension travel. Consequently, for the 12. c) Increase the ride height to prevent same spring rate the car may ground at high excessive use of bump rubbers. As above, speeds. Use Speed trace, on the but increase ride height further and remove Performance Analysis Graph, to determine redundant packers. Use the Suspension the fastest straight on the circuit. Start by Travel trace, on the Performance Analysis lowering the ride height until the car Graph, to determine the frequency of bump grounds at high speed (use the plank wear stop contact. Terminate adjustment when display to verify that grounding has you are no longer running on bump rubbers. occurred). Then, fit packers to restrict the NB: If new ride height is excessive, you suspension travel and keep the car off the should consider fitting stiffer springs.

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Mechanics set up Barrichello’s Jordan on the grid at Monaco. During set-up the driver must remain, fully kitted up, seated in the cockpit and the fuel tanks must be half full.

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Action Effect on Car Balance Other effects Ride height (Static): Set to maximize downforce and minimize plank wear Springs: Set to maximize traction, cornering grip and vertical car movement Reduce at front More oversteer in fast More front biased undercar downforce. Stiffen the front More understeer in corners Additional traction, especially when corners because of more More chance of plank wear at front. exiting corners. front under-car downforce May restrict use of soft front springs on Less cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. bumpy surfaces (Level 1). May force the use of additional front Additional front tyre wear. packers (level 2). Handling more responsive. Less dive under braking. Reduce at rear More understeer in fast More rear biased undercar downforce. corners because of more Increase or decrease in total undercar downforce. Stiffen the rear More oversteer in corners Traction loss, especially when exiting corners. rear under-car downforce More chance of plank wear at rear. Less cornering and traction grip on bumpy May restrict use of soft rear springs on bumpy surfaces surfaces or for extra traction (Level 1. Additional rear tyre wear. May force the use of additional rear packers Handling more responsive. (level 2). Stiffen all round Can achieve lower ride heights and so more Reduce all round More chance of plank wear all round. downforce. May restrict use of soft springs all round APPENDIX D Less cornering and traction grip on bumpy (Level 1). surfaces. May force the use additional packers all Additional tyre wear all round. round (level 2). Handling more responsive. More undercar downforce all round. NB: downforce gained from lower ride Soften the front More oversteer in corners Traction loss, especially when exiting corners. height has no drag penalty therefore.. Additional cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. reducing ride height all round is more Less front tyre wear. desirable than increasing wing settings. Handling less responsive. Increase at front More understeer in fast Less front biased undercar downforce. May be forced to increase front ride height. corners because of less Less chance of plank wear at front. More dive under braking. front under-car downforce May allow use of softer springs to improve Soften the rear More understeer in corner Additional traction, especially when exiting performance over bumps. corners. May allow removal of front packers to increase suspension travel over bumps (Level 2). Additional cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. Less rear tyre wear. Increase at rear More oversteer in fast Less rear biased undercar downforce. Handling less responsive. corners because of less Increase or decrease in total undercar Car Set-up Reference Guide Car Set-up Reference May be forced to increase rear ride height . rear under-car downforce downforce. Less chance of plank wear at rear. Soften all round Improved traction and cornering grip on May allow use of softer springs to improve bumpy surfaces. performance over bumps and traction out of Additional cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. corners. Reduced tyre wear all round. May allow removal of rear packers to increase Handling less responsive. suspension travel over bumps (Level 2). May be forced to increase ride height. Increase all round Less chance of plank wear all round. May allow use of softer springs to improve performance over bumps. May allow removal of packers all round to increase suspension travel over bumps (Level 2). Less undercar downforce all round. PAGE 102 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE 103 GP 2 Manual 101-115 8/5/99 9:26 Page 104

Anti-roll bars: Only effective when car has non-zero roll angle rear packers to avoid plank wear (Level 2). May need to stiffen rear springs to avoid Stiffen at front More understeer in corners Less cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. plank wear. Additional front tyre wear. Handling more responsive. Increase, front and rear Increase aerodynamic downforce on wheels all round. Stiffen at rear More oversteer in corners Traction loss, especially when exiting corners. Increase aerodynamic drag. Less cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. Reduced top speed on straights. Additional rear tyre wear. May need to shorten 6th gear ratio. Handling more responsive. Increase cornering speed in fast corners. Stiffen, front and rear Less cornering and traction grip on bumpy May need increased ride height or extra surfaces. packers to avoid plank wear (Level 2). Additional tyre wear all round. May need to stiffen springs to avoid plank wear. Handling more responsive. Decrease at front More understeer in fast corners. Soften at front More oversteer in corners Gain cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. Decrease aerodynamic downforce on front wheels. Reduced front tyre wear. No reduction in aerodynamic drag, but may Handling less responsive. increase effectiveness of rear wing. Decrease cornering speed in fast corners. Soften at rear More understeer in corners Gain cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. May allow decreased front ride height or Traction gain, especially when exiting corners. removal of packers for extra front undercar Reduced rear tyre wear. downforce (Level 2). Handling less responsive. May allow softer front springs for more Soften, front and rear May need increased ride height or extra. cornering grip on bumpy surfaces. packers to avoid plank wear at the sides. Decrease at rear More oversteer in fast corners Decrease aerodynamic downforce on rear wheels. Gain cornering and traction grip on bumpy Decrease aerodynamic drag. surfaces. Increase top speed on straights. Reduced tyre wear. May need to lengthen 6th gear ratio. Handling less responsive. Decrease cornering speed in fast corners. Wings: Only effective when car has forward velocity May allow decreased rear ride height or removal of packers for extra rear undercar Increase at front More oversteer in fast corners Increase aerodynamic downforce on front wheels. downforce (Level 2). No additional aerodynamic drag, but may May allow softer rear springs for more reduce effectiveness of rear wing. cornering and traction grip on bumpy surfaces. Increase cornering speed in fast corners. May need increased front ride height or extra Decrease front and rear Decrease aerodynamic downforce on front packers to avoid plank wear (Level 2). wheels all round. May need to stiffen front springs to avoid Decrease aerodynamic drag. plank wear. Increase top speed on straights. May need to lengthen 6th gear ratio. Increase at rear More understeer in fast corners Increase aerodynamic downforce on rear wheels. Decrease cornering speed in fast corners. Increase aerodynamic drag. May allow decreased ride height or removal Reduced top speed on straights. of packers for extra undercar downforce (Level 2). May need to shorten 6th gear ratio. May allow softer springs all round for more Increase cornering speed in fast corners. cornering and traction grip on bumpy surfaces. May need increased rear ride height or extra.

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Gear Ratios Allows extra benefit of soft front springs over bumpy surfaces. Lengthen 6th gear Decrease acceleration in 6th gear. May need to change other gears to prevent Reduce number More understeer Reduce rear ride height. large gaps in ratios. at rear More rear biased under car downforce. Increase or decrease in total undercar downforce. Shorten 6th gear May find rev. limiting in 6th gear. May need to stiffen rear springs to avoid May need to change other gears to prevent plank wear. too much overlap in ratios. May need increased rear ride height to Packers: Used to vary the limit downward suspension travel (Level 2) avoid plank wear. Increase number More understeer Increase front ride height. Allows extra benefit of soft rear springs at front Less front biased under car downforce. over bumpy surfaces. Run on front bump rubbers more often Reduce number Reduce ride height all round. May restrict benefit of soft front springs on front and rear More under car downforce. bumpy surfaces. May need to stiffen springs to avoid Allows front ride height to be reduced with plank wear. no extra plank wear. May need increased ride height to avoid Increase number More oversteer Increase rear ride height. plank wear. at rear Less rear biased under car downforce. Allows extra benefit of soft springs over Increase or decrease in total undercar downforce. bumpy surfaces. Run on rear bump rubbers more often. Bump Dampers: Dissipates spring energy and is mostly effective when car is May restrict benefit of soft rear springs over on bumpy surfaces bumpy surfaces. Stiffen at front More understeer in bumpy corners Additional front tyre wear Allows rear ride height to be reduced with no extra plank wear. Stiffen at rear More oversteer in bumpy corners Less traction grip on bumpy surfaces Additional rear tyre wear Increase number Increase ride height all round Less under car downforce. front and rear Run on bump rubbers more often. Stiffen, front and rear Less traction grip on bumpy surfaces May restrict benefit of soft springs on Additional tyre wear all round bumpy surfaces. Twitchy handling over bumps Allows ride height to be reduced with no Soften at front More oversteer in bumpy corners Reduced front tyre wear extra plank wear. Soften at rear More understeer in bumpy corners More traction grip on bumpy surfaces Reduce number More oversteer Reduce front ride height. Reduced rear tyre wear at front More front biased under car downforce. May need to stiffen front springs to avoid Soften, front and rear More traction grip on bumpy surfaces plank wear. Reduced tyre wear all round May need increased front ride height to avoid plank wear.

PAGE 106 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE 107 GP 2 Manual 101-115 8/5/99 9:26 Page 108 Link, Modem and Multi-Player Modes APPENDIX E Rebound Dampers: Dissipates spring energy and dominates over bump WHAT IS LINKED PLAY? THE LINK MENU dampers when car has roll or pitch velocity Stiffen at front More understeer during Additional front tyre wear. The Comm Ports turn entry and exit At the top of the link menu are 4 buttons for Stiffen at rear More oversteer during Less traction grip during turn exit. the communication, or comm ports. Unless turn entry and exit Additional rear tyre wear. your machine has been expanded, only Stiffen, front and rear Tendency towards more responsive handling. ports 1 and 2 will be available and ports 3 Body motions slowed down; pitch and roll. and 4 will be greyed out. Select the com Body roll takes longer; full anti-roll bar port you wish to use by selecting the forces delayed . relevant button at the top of the link menu. Quicker load transfer - corner balance . determined more by damper stiffnesses. Becomes difficult to differentiate from Linking allows you to play on two machines The Baud Rate springs that are too stiff. simultaneously. The two machines are At the top of the link menu are 6 buttons Soften at front More oversteer during Reduced front tyre wear. connected either via standard Hayes labelled 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 turn entry and exit compatible modems using a phone link and 57600. These control the baud rate, Soften at rear More understeer during More traction grip during turn exit. (called a modem link) or directly via a which is a measure of how fast data is sent turn entry and exit Reduced rear tyre wear. special cable called a null-modem cable (a down the serial cable. A fixed amount of direct link). data is sent down the cable for each frame Soften, front and rear Tendency towards unresponsive handling. of the simulation, so if you wish to play Body motions speeded up; pitch and roll. HOW TO LINK UP THE with faster frame rates (for smoother Body roll completed sooner; full anti-roll MACHINES animation and control) you will need a bar forces sooner. higher baud rate. The downside is that First connect up the necessary cables. In Slower load transfer - corner balance . higher baud rates are more error prone, order to use the link you will need to determined more by springs and bars. especially with longer or unshielded cables, connect the modem or the null modem Brake Balance: Only effective when braking and that while most modems will cable to one of the serial ports on the back communicate with the computer at higher Move towards Understeer under braking Fronts can lock-up giving lower overall of the machine. Most PCs have 2 serial rates, the modem-to-modem connection the front at turn-in brake force. ports, labelled COM1 and COM2. Either down the phone lines may not be fast Braking distance lengthened. port will do, but if you are using a serial enough (in this case you will see higher mouse, you should leave that port alone and Move towards Oversteer under braking Rears can lock-up giving lower . than usual occupancy rates in the game). select the other com port. the rear at turn in overall brake force. Braking distance lengthened. Having connected the cable, load up the Link Type game on both machines. Now from the Below the baud rate buttons are two buttons Main Menu, go to the Options Menu and to select the link type. Choose Direct for a select the Linkup Menu. You should see null-modem cable between two machines, the full screen Link Menu which controls or Modem if you are playing across the how the link operates. phone lines.

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Direct Link Lead/Follow Modem number to dial reset the modem. This ensures that itÕs in a What to do if things go standard state at the beginning and will While the link is active, one machine takes You should type in the phone number to wrong make linking more reliable. If you need to control of the menus on both computers and dial on the machine that will initiate the insert control characters in the modem a. For a direct link. is said to ÔLeadÕ. The other machine is said call. The string will be passed direct to the initialisation string, then the sequence ^ + to ÔFollowÕ. For a direct link the machine modem so, if your modem supports it, you If the machines are showing ÔStarting LinkÕ letter will do it. For example, ^M will send that does the dialling (and pays the phone can use Ò,Ó to add delays to the dial etc. All and ÔWaiting for linkÕ but nothing else is a carriage return. There is no need to insert bill) is automatically the leader. the linkup selections are included in your happening, you should check: a ^M at the end of the string as an ASCII 13 Options file so itÕs useful to save options That you have selected the correct com port Modem Link Dial/ is automatically appended. before linking. on each machine. Wait for Call For example: Modem initialisation string That they are both operating at the same Modem type If you are linked by modem over the phone baud rate. In order for the game to work smoothly via Sample initialisation string line then one machine must dial up the a modem connection, the modem must be If this appears okay and still nothing is other, and the other machine must be ready Courier HST set-up in a particular way. In order to keep happening, you may have an incorrectly and waiting for a call. You should pre- ATZ&M0&K0 the simulation running in real time, it wired cable. If you are not sure about the arrange this (perhaps with a voice call) requires the modem to pass the data through Twincom 144/DF cable, you should check it out with a before trying to start up the link. These immediately and not buffer or compress it ATZ&Q6 comms package. buttons control how the machine will as it would be needed for a file transfer. behave for a modem link. b. For a Modem Link. Also the game performs its own error Connect/Hangup/OK/Exit If the modem is not responding, check the Dial Using checking based on a packet system, so itÕs Once both machines are set up, you should connections and check that the modem recommended that you turn the modem click on Connect on both computers. If you This tells the modem to use one of the two initialisation string is correct. Any error in error checking off, as this can also delay are connecting via a modem, then you dialling methods employed by phone the string will not get an OK reply from the data passage. Unfortunately, there is no should see the computer initialise the companies. Pulse dialling is much slower modem. As a check, try a simple ATZ for standard set of commands to do this across modem and show either ÔDiallingÕ or ÔWait than tone dialling. Therefore, tone dialling the string and see if the modem goes on to all Hayes compatible machines. We have for callÕ. Once a connection is established, is recommended if your phone exchange dial or wait for a call. included sample initialisation strings for the machines should show ÔStarting LinkÕ supports it. some makes below, but if your modem is to the dialler and ÔWaiting for linkÕ at the If the modems dial but do not connect. not included, you may need to look up other end. After about a second these This is the trickiest problem. Many modems codes in your modem manual. messages should clear and the button ÔLink have subtle differences, and modems from is activeÕ appear. In summary, we recommend that you differing manufacturers can have problems 1. Turn the compressor off. For a direct link, one machine should show with varying protocols. If possible, check ÔStarting LinkÕ immediately and the other that you can connect with a similar modem. 2. Turn error checking/control off. ÔWaiting for LinkÕ. Again, after about a After that itÕs down to checking through the On a more technical note, itÕs recommended second these messages should clear and the modemÕs manuals. (though not essential) that you start the ÔLink is activeÕ button appear. initialisation with the ATZ command to

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After the link is connected Ctrl+H (Hold the control key and press h) option available in the Quick Race menu Driver/Team Menu. The computer then when two machines are linked - a two chooses one player to drive first and drives After a connection is established, you should This hotkey is active on both machines and player Quick Race. This allows a normal the other car as well as all the remaining see the message, ÔLink ActiveÕ, with either, brings up a menu box allowing you to hang Quick Race, but with only the two players cars on the grid. ÔThis machine has controlÕ, or, ÔThe other up the link. You should always end the link and no computer controlled cars. A Ôprogramme managerÕ will allocate equal machine has controlÕ. While in the menus either here, or by clicking on Hangup in the time for each driver and give a warning of the system is controlled from one machine, linkup menu and not by simply switching LOADING AND SAVING the changeover. The single LED on the right with the other echoing its movements. The one machine off (the other machine would While in linked mode, any game saves must of the steering wheel will flash amber for 10 machine with control has the normal red then be left trying to regain contact). be made on BOTH machines. Screen seconds to warn the current player of the highlight on the menus and is said to ÔLeadÕ, Ctrl+I (Hold the control key and press I) prompts will guide you through the impending change over. The light will flash whereas the other will show a beige procedure and the filename chosen by the red for a further 5 seconds to warn the highlight and is said to ÔFollowÕ. This functions as normal, bringing up an information box on both machines. This is ÔLeaderÕ is automatically passed through to current player that the change over is The machine designated to ÔFollowÕ is also available when not linked. the other machine. ItÕs recommended that imminent. After this period control of the car excluded from certain actions e.g. Control you use the same filename on each machine will return to computer before the change Ctrl+J (Hold the control key and press j) over is implemented. The camera view then Method set-up, Printer Setup and general to save confusion, but this is not essential. loading and saving (but not game saves) and This will toggle joystick control in the changes to the next playerÕs car, which is being controlled by the computer. Another 5 will display a ÔPlease WaitÕ message if the menus if the joystick has been calibrated. OTHER MENUS Leader moves into these areas on the menus. second passes before control passes to the This is available when not linked. Some menus, notably the control method Also certain menus will behave slightly next player. The LED will turn green to These hotkeys are available on almost every menus and the use of the printer menu can indicate that the player is now in control of differently; Driver Select, for example, now menu, but note that they are disabled in the be accessed only by the machine in control. the car. The option to pause and replay could shows both machinesÕ drivers and allows File Selector. To reach the menu on the other machine the be used during this period if the new player either to change their selections. ÔLeaderÕ should release control ((press wishes to see more of his carÕs recent action. While in Linked menus there are 3 special EXTRA OPTIONS WHILE Ctrl+r) from the Main or Options Menu). The players can control the number of hotkeys: After the second machine has finished, it LINKED changeovers which occur during the race by can release control again, back to the Ctrl+M (Hold the control key and press m) specifying the number of turns per player in After linking you may find that some of original ÔLeaderÕ. Also some options are not the Drive Options Menu. On either machine will pop up a message your option strings have changed, allowed while linked; load names, load track box over the current menu and allow you to especially if the other machine has control. records and save options are disallowed. Remember to set-up enough laps for each send up to forty characters of text to the Many of the option settings are copied person to get a good drive. across from the ÔLoadÕ machine. If you other machine. Type your message of text MULTI-PLAYER MODE In qualifying mode changeovers occur close the link, you will be given the option and press Return, the link will then wait for To implement Multi-Player Mode you must when a players return to the pits. The of re-loading your game state file. the other machine to clear the message select more than one driver from the session ends automatically once the session before moving back to the original menu. Also, after linking, some menus change. Choose Driver/Team Menu. period is complete and all players have used Driver Select now has selection options for the same number of tyre sets. ESC can be Ctrl+R (Hold the control key and press r) The programme will allocate equal time used to force an exit. Remember, only the either machine and the Drive Options menu slots to each driver. For example, if two This hotkey is only active on the machine that fastest 26 will qualify - but players will shows both playersÕ chosen car and grid players wish to compete in a ten lap race, has control of the menus. When the hot key is always qualify in preference to computer position for quickraces. There is an extra they each select a driver from the Choose present, control passes to the other machine. controlled cars.

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OBSERVATION POST OBSERVATION POST FLAGS FLAGS Black Flag Red Flag

Shown motionless, together Stopping of the race (see with a white number on a above). black signalling board. Informs the driver of the car that he must Green Flag stop at his pits on the next lap. All clear. This is used at the end of a danger area Black Flag with controlled by the yellow flags. 40cm diameter White Flag Orange Disc Slow-moving vehicle on the Shown with a white number on a black track. This tells the drivers that signalling board. Informs the driver that his they are about to overtake a car has mechanical problems, likely to vehicle which is travelling on the track at a The clerk of the course waves the chequered flag, symbolising the end of the race, as endanger himself or others. Driver must much slower speed than the competing cars. Schumacher’s Benneton storms to victory in the . stop at his pit on the next lap. Light Blue Flag RACE MARSHAL’S Red Flag Yellow Flag The overtaking signal. Waved, APPENDIX F: Flags FLAGS Indicates that the race has The signal of danger or a it informs the driver that he is been stopped by the Clerk of situation of danger. Slow going to be overtaken by one Starting Flag the Course. It is displayed down, prepare to stop. Keep or more faster cars. Shown motionless means motionless. All drivers must stop racing your position and do not overtake until you This is usually the national that the faster car is still some distance away. flag of the country hosting the immediately and proceed to the pits. see the Green Flag. Grand Prix but it must not be Black and White Yellow Flag with similar to any other flag used by the The leads the racers around the track at the re- start of the San Marino Grand Prix. The marshal’s yellow flag marshals. The starting signal must be given Flag (divided Red Stripes signals danger. Until the green flag appears drivers must by lowering the flag. proceed at a slow pace, holding their current positions. diagonally into Deterioration of adhesion. Finishing Flag black and white halves) Tells the drivers that the grip on the track surface has suddenly deteriorated in the A black and white chequered Shown motionless with a white number on area after the flag. This is usually the flag flag waved at the cars on the a blackboard. This is a warning to the driver used when oil has been dropped on the finishing line. of unsportsmanlike behaviour. track, a pool of water is causing aquaplaning or when there is a sudden change from a dry to a slippery surface.

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not needed

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THE RACING LINE TYPICAL CORNERS

Andrea De Cesaris in AND BENDS the Sauber Mercedes A driver must try to use all the available exits a bend at the space on the track, even the Ôrumble stripÕ- French Grand Prix. the run off area on the edge of the tarmac. His racing line is In a typical corner, for example a right- close to perfect as he hander, the driver arrives on the left side of ‘straightens out’ the the track, brakes, changes down, checks for bend. At this point his turning-in reference point then steers the he will be car towards the clipping point on the inside accelerating into the of the bend. Once past, he eases back to the approaching other side smoothly and exits the corner. straight. Driver priority must be to get power back on as soon as possible to achieve maximum Andrea De Cesaris slows for a tight right speed into the straight. hand turn, in his Sauber Mercedes, at the . Drivers must utilise A racing car must take a bend or a series of A) the turn-in point, usually at the end of every spare inch of the track and often bends at the maximum possible speed and the braking area and the position when the mount the rumble strip. reduce the shape of the corner to its car actually enters the corner. minimum possible angle. Driving Techniques B) the apex or the clipping point. This is the The best racing line can be seen as being slowest part of the bend and the point where made up of three distinct points on the the car is nearest to the inside of the corner. bend. C) the exit point when the car is back on a straight line. This is usually the fastest part of the bend.

Obviously, the best racing line also depends on the driver and the car. Is he trying to overtake another car into the corner? Is the corner before or after a fast straight? Is the track surface wet or oily? All these considerations come into play and the driver must adjust his line accordingly. APPENDIX G

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Fast Corner The Constant-Radius Corner Hairpin The Opening Corner

C C

A

B B B B

B

A

C C

A There is a very long apex on this type of A Most of the racing circuits have a corner of corner so there is no gain in taking the entry The aim here is to turn in late to create the this sort that can be taken at speeds in excess point late. The driver turns in early at A widest possible angle so that after point A the The driver turns in early at A, covers the of 140mph. The driver turns in at A, passes then stays close to the contact points B and bend can be treated like a fast corner. The short distance to the apex B then smoothly the apex at point B then keeps his line all the B as long as possible. As he leaves the sharp initial turn is vital to make the car as moves to the outside. This allows the last way through to exit point C. The driver apex, he crosses the track and touches his fast as possible out of the hairpin. When point phase of the bend to be driven like a straight makes no sudden turns on the wheel and the exit point at C. B has been touched the driver can safely put and the driver can accelerate quickly long whole process should be very smooth. his foot down before reaching point C. before passing point C. Double-Apex Corner 90 Degree Turn The Tightening Corner The ‘S’ Bend or Chicane

C A Ideally, a good C racing line can straighten out B B B some bends B without the

A need for sudden B B turns. The driver turns in slightly at A B The key to negotiating this type of bend is approaching the C There are many different ways to turn into to make one corner out of two. The driver first right- A this type of corner depending on whether the aims for the ideal line and stays inside the hander, then driver is about to overtake, but the classic trackÕs width, effectively making the exit The car stays wide so that the driver can clips points approach is to turn in late at A, pass the apex line of the first bend the entry line of the touch the apex extremely late at B, then B,B,B with hardly any modification before again late at B, and accelerate fast from that second. If the line is perfect then the driver brake, select a lower gear, cross the track exiting at C.4 point to get a good clean exit at C. does not have to correct his steering. following the curve of the bend and get a good clean exit at C.

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Tight Corner After a Fast Cornering in Wet Weather REACTION OF CAR To counter oversteer a driver can do one of two things: opposite lock on the steering Bend THROUGH A CORNER wheel might just establish the carÕs balance; C Understeer otherwise easing up on the accelerator will slow down the car and give the rear wheels An understeering car a chance to grip. There are also certain means that the rear times when drivers might accelerate, but wheels have better B knowing when to do this comes with grip than the front experience. wheels and so the car

B will not react fully to NEUTRAL HANDLING the driver turning the DRY LINE The ideal situation, as WET LINE wheel. Since F1 cars are rear-wheel driven, the sideways drift of A the vehicle will begin to move towards the the rear wheels is Taking the classic right-angle corner as an outside of the track. The driver in such a matched by those of example, itÕs easy to compare the dry line Take a tight line into the fast right-hander situation can do one of two things: ease up the front. All four with the wet line. The driver takes up but brake as the second point B approaches. on the accelerator, making the driving wheels slide in the position in the middle of the track, keeping The car must slow down to take the left- wheels push less, giving the front wheels a same way. The driver off the outside line which is likely to be hander but this is not a problem, for the better chance to grip; if the car still does not sets up the car on entry to the corner, so the very slippery. The line he drives will be driver has gained speed in the first two- respond, brake lightly without locking the front wheels are straight and the driver cleaner and give far better grip in the rain. thirds of the series of bends. wheels. The car will slow down enough to doesnÕt have to steer. The car is kept in the middle of the track as give good grip to the front. it passes the apex then steers for the outside The Monaco line. The main aim of drivers in wet Oversteer Grand Prix, weather is to look for maximum grip. Monte Carlo, An oversteering car built into the means that the front hills of the Mediterranean wheels have better A Long Straight After Two coast provides grip than the rear the most C Identical Corners wheels. This can famous street circuit in the possibly be because of The important point about this series of racing season. bends is the approaching straight. The too much power or Gerhard driver turns in late to the right-hander and because the car balance is poor. This tends to Berger lines B up his Ferrari hits the clipping point well into the bend. make the back end of the car slip out towards prior to He then takes the fast left-hander as though the outside of the corner. The consequence reaching the B the previous bend had not existed. Thus the might be the car spinning off altogether! bend. Note first corner is taken slowly to give the car as the favoured racing line A much benefit as possible from the the car’s tyres oncoming straight. have made on the track.

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MARKER POINTS BRAKING CHANGING DOWN make his worst manoeuvre your best, wait for the right moment then make your To set up the ideal racing line on a Formula Ideal Braking Changing down into a lower gear must challenge. One circuit you must find as many markers always accompany the act of braking. One as possible to use as reference points. The In Formula One the driver aims to keep his without the other is not good Formula One All the above assumes that the driver ahead individual tracks provide 300, 200, 100 foot down on the accelerator as long as driving. The aim is to brake to the ideal will not make a mistake; but all drivers metre boards before a bend but these are too possible. When he gets to a corner, he will speed for the approaching corner then make mistakes during a two hour race, so general for most drivers; many rely on wait until the last moment before braking change down in order to be in the right gear take every opportunity offered to you and advertising boards, bumps in the track, and then brake as hard as possible over the for the moment you need to accelerate wait for that error! shortest possible distance. The only reason certain trees or bushes for turn-in points, again. Changing down is done as you brake. Driving faster through a braking zones or accelerating areas. to brake should be to achieve the best speed Any earlier and the car will still be at full for entering a bend and the only reason for speed; any later and the driver has too much corner than a rival In fact, the driver must know every square removing your foot from the accelerator to do in mid-corner. metre of the circuit and the markers, once must be to ÔjumpÕ to the brake pedal. memorised, allow the driver to think ahead, Ideally, there should be no compromises OVERTAKING to anticipate the next corner. with braking. If youÕre not at the front of the grid in every Imagine you are accelerating through a fast race then chances are that you will need to straight. When you see the marker for the Wheel Lock overtake other cars at some point. braking zone into a bend, your mind will be Braking hard can present the F1 driver with Overtaking is not just a matter of more already thinking about the next marker for the another problem; that of locking wheels. power in your engine. It usually boils down turn-in point. As this is passed, you are ItÕs possible to lock up one, two, or even all to three factors. thinking about the apex marker and finally the four wheels if you brake too hard in a given Can you take a corner better than a rival? exit point. Think ahead. Look out for the next situation. A locked wheel is no good to marker. DonÕt wait until you see it to react. anybody. The tyre wears out excessively on Can you exit a corner faster and enter a the locked patch and this creates a Ôflat straight at a greater speed? in the Tyrell holds the best spotÕ which will feel like violent bumps Or, can you brake later than a rival at the line around a tight left-hander in the when the wheel is turning again. The tyre end of a straight? Portuguese Grand Prix. Oliver Panis in the will be out of balance and the car almost Ligier is forced to drive wide. impossible to control. To avoid wheel lock, To overtake successfully, especially against the driver must be sensitive enough to brake a determined rival, you must be aware of The driver ahead is not confident through a hard and to detect the first signs of lock-up. the driver ahead. certain corner. Choose your moment. Leave a space between the two cars so that he Where is he slowest? canÕt force you to slow down. Just enough Where does he brake earlier? room to let you attack the corner at the speed of your choosing. When you leave On what part of the circuit is he the least Parc Ferme officials carefully inspect every aspect of the corner you will have more speed than Schumacher’s vehicle after the 1995 Spanish Grand Prix. Only confident? the other car. The faster exit speed gives they can touch the vehicle in the hours following a race. Engines may sometimes be sealed for inspection at a later date. Eventually, you will have a good picture of you the advantage to overtake in the his strengths and weaknesses. You must following straight.

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Slipstreaming Outbraking a rival car DRIVING ERRORS In all cases, as soon as the driver feels the loss of control, he must brake hard while Overrevving keeping his revs up to prevent stalling. If possible, he must keep the car on the This is possibly the most common way a circuit, for once it touches the grass the spin driver can ruin his engine and put himself will speed up tremendously. out of the race. Changing down too early before braking sufficiently is quite common Spinning off before reaching the apex of a among inexperienced drivers. A driver must corner will result in the car moving across be a third of the way into the braking zone the track to the outside of the bend. before changing down. It is quite tricky to Generally, the inertia that it retains will

PATH OF OUTBRAKING CAR get this right in short braking bends but in send it off in an arc similar to the early longer braking areas you can use markers shape of the corner. Slipstreaming is a phenomenon that occurs If a driver has managed to get a lead on a for gear change points. Spinning off after the car has passed the apex at speeds above 70mph. Catch a rival car on rival in the previous straight and is now on A second common way to overrev is by of the corner will often give the driver a better the beginning of a long straight and get very the inside line for the next corner, he must exiting a corner and not changing up at the chance of staying on the track, for although close behind him (within a few inches). try to brake a little later into the bend, right time; quite easy to do if youÕre busy the car will be moving faster it is more likely Both of you are travelling at the same speed giving himself right of way. If the rival controlling the car through a difficult bend. to follow the exit profile of the curve. but you are in a small area, a few metres driver stays in contention, around the Fortunately modern Formula 1 cars are long, which is free of air turbulence. The outside of the track, he is in danger of If all else fails, and the driver knows that he fitted with computer controlled rev limiters car ahead is doing all the work while you spinning off. ItÕs important to Ôclose the is going to hit something, itÕs wise to that prevent engine damage and bad gear gain mph. You can tell that you are doorÕ after you exit the corner, especially if protect himself as much as possible from changes. successfully slipstreaming by the loss of the rival car is trying to get level again. the impact. He must lift his feet from the turbulence and the gain in acceleration. Take a strong position off the ideal line, in LOSS OF CONTROL pedals, try and curl up as much as the the centre of the track and make his cramped monocoque will allow, then at the By now youÕre probably travelling at The most common ways of losing control of overtaking attempt as difficult as possible. last moment let go of the steering wheel to 140mph just inches behind the rival car. your car in a race are: prevent his wrists from being broken.

You wait until the last possible moment ¥ going into a corner too fast, giving then slip out to the side of the other car. strong oversteer. Although you will now be subject to the ¥ accelerating out of a corner too fast. same forces of turbulence, your speed gain during the sheltered period will give you the ¥ under braking when there is too much edge to move slightly ahead. bias on the rear wheels.

¥ mechanical failure.

¥ oil, sand, dirt or grease on the track. De Cesaris exits the Nouvelle chicane at Monaco. The cars behind him are in perfect position to take advantage of his slipstream in the approaching straight.

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Rubens Barrichello applies his brakes FUEL AND NEW RULES late and hard as he Upto the Canadian Grand Prix 1994 F1 cars drives into a sharp corner in the Pacific used special 102 octane fuel that gave the Grand Prix at TI engine far more power than normal petrol. Aida. In this case the The teams used more powerful fuel for the wheel locks briefly qualifying laps than in the actual race when and the tyre rapidly wears out on the economy is more important and they want locked area to the lowest consumption possible to reduce create a ‘flat spot. the weight of the car. The average car Technical BRAKES The high temperatures achieved during fast consumes 1 litre for every 1,600 metres. deceleration means that cooling the brake New rules introduced for the season meant Brake performance in F1 cars is system is crucial. This is achieved by that teams would have to use standard pump phenomenal; cars can decelerate from carbon fibre cooling ducts which channel fuel - the thinking behind this was to reduce 200mph to full stop in under four seconds. air on the brakes to prevent overheating. engine power and make the less wealthy They must be incredibly powerful, very low The size and number of ducts is variable teams (who were using standard fuel weight and have exceptionally high thermal and depends on the circuit conditions. anyway) more competitive. resistance at temperatures in excess of Fuel consumption figures are very 2000¡C. Disc and brake pads are made ENGINES important to the racing teams and these are from carbon fibre and their peak All engines for F1 cars are 3.5 litre (up to the monitored carefully during practice. performance level is at about 350¡C, so 1994 season), normally aspirated, developing Information is gathered by the telemetry when they are first used they are slow to 600-700 b.h.p. There is no rev limit to the system and passed to the pits. Ideally, the react and itÕs not until they have warmed up engines but generally, the more cylinders, the car should finish the race with two or three that they are totally efficient. more power it will develop but with less litres left in the tank. If the rate of The brake system on F1 cars is split torque. V12Õs (e.g. Ferrari) are more powerful consumption is high then drivers can set the between the front and rear sets of wheels. but they are longer, heavier engines that use up mixture control to a leaner setting. ItÕs vital APPENDIX H This is partly done for safety reasons, in more fuel. Engine performance in a modern F1 that they know how much fuel is left in the case of brake failure, and partly to balance car is phenomenal: first gear will take the car tank, down to the last drop. the braking forces that come about during to 80mph, the car will go from 0 to 150mph in Marshals quickly extinguish a fire after changes in weight distribution. The driver just under 7 seconds, generating 1.3 g. ’s McLaren blows up at the can adjust the brake balance from the Unfortunately, there is a downside to this start of the British Grand Prix. Race cockpit to take into account such things as fantastic performance; engines do not last and officials are always aware of the risk of the change in weight as the fuel is used up. most are completely rebuilt after 300 miles. fire and the dangers to the drivers.

The RS6 Renault engine used by the Williams team. This 790hp engine helped the team to 7 Grand Prix victories and 6 pole positions in 1994.

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REFUELLING GEARS PIT BOARDS maximum lap speeds and speeds over certain specified sections of the circuit, as Rules changed at the end of the 1993 season Semi-automatic systems are now standard: These are used by the pit crew to tell the requested by individual teams. A print-out to allow cars to be refuelled during a race; a using short levers just behind the steering driver his position in the race, the number of is produced for each car and is studied very feature previously banned because of the wheel (the right side for up, the left side for laps left, how many seconds he is from the carefully by the engineers, mechanics and danger of fire but re-introduced to add to down). This means that the driverÕs hands leader, how many seconds he is from the car drivers. Other data that can be collected the excitement of pitstops and race strategy. stay on the wheel at all times, changes are behind and any other information they think includes: throttle position, exhaust gas The FIA-supplied equipment is exactly the much quicker. The ratios in the box are set helpful. Although F1 cars carry radios, teams analysis, the temperature of air pouring same for all teams, made by Intertechnique, up for each individual circuit depending on prefer to have a surefire visual sign for the through the engine, pressure in clutch and the aircraft refuelling specialists. Charged information received during practice. A cog driver. For example if a pit board read: brake lines, stress in suspension with nitrogen, the system can pump 12 is fitted based on the top speed needed in components, steering angle and g forces. litres per second with pressure controlled the fastest straight and the remainder P4 L23 -3.5 +7.0 by a valve. The rig itself is six feet high adjusted downwards. the driver would know that he was in fourth PIT STOPS weighing 700 kg with thick steel walls. The position, with 23 laps to go, 3.5 seconds A good tyre change pit stop can take six hose has an inner and outer sleeve allowing behind the third place car and 7 seconds in seconds but a bad one can take double that the fuel along the inside and venting back front of the fifth place car. time and mean the loss of a good position in up the outer. The tank vent is critical; A new spectacle was introduced the previous the race. Usually, the big teams have three otherwise the would split under the season for the TV audience - refuelling. Each SUSPENSION. men to a wheel, two men to handle the jack incoming pressure. team’s refuelling equipment is supplied through F1 suspension has to be strong and rigid and one man to hold the board to tell the motor racing’s governing body, the FIA. The enough to stand up to the huge forces driver to keep his brakes on. In 1994 refuelling system is cooled using nitrogen and can deliver 12 litres of fuel per second. exerted by downforce. At 180 mph the car refuelling was re-introduced to Formula effectively quadruples in weight and, the One racing for the sole purpose of making faster a car goes the lower it drops, so itÕs the races more attractive to TV audiences - vital that the car should have extremely stiff especially when one driver dominated in a springs. At slower speeds however, before season. The refuelling process upped the aerodynamics begin to play a major role, number of pit crew to 20. the cars need a softer spring in order to achieve mechanical grip. To overcome this problem, teams have developed variable rate springs, so that the faster a car goes the stiffer the suspension becomes. TIMING AND OTHER DATA In Formula One races a small radio transmitter is fixed onto each car which emits a unique signal back to an antenna buried in the track asphalt on the finish line. Data collected includes lap times,

The Williams pit crew changing Damon Hill’s tyres at the Hungarian Grand Prix. The race ended in

GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL victory for Schumacher who saw his lead, over second place Hill, increase to 31 points. GP 2 Manual 116-133 8/5/99 9:30 Page 130

A pit stop for anything else but tyres or fuel SAFETY REGULATIONS CAR RULES CHANGES might only be worthwhile if a team is likely to gain points or, in the case of smaller FOR THE PROTECTION 1994 teams, the possibility of finishing which OF THE DRIVER. may affect pre-qualification. Some drivers These are stringent rules specified by FIA. may be asked to come into the pits earlier than expected for tactical reasons if they are The nose cone and the survival cell chassis stuck in traffic and will benefit from must have undergone impact tests. returning to a clear track with new tyres. The fuel tank must be within the chassis The driver must not drive excessively fast width and behind the driver. in the pit lane, otherwise he will be fined The driverÕs feet must rest behind the front heavily. He must position the car carefully axle line. to the exact point indicated by the pit crew, The tragedy of Imola changed the face of Grand The driverÕs head must be below a line not an easy task when the pit lane is dirty, Prix. A host of new regulations were initiated to greasy and full of people. When the car is drawn from the main roll over bar to the improve safety. Here Barrichello leaves the track jacked up the driver keeps his foot on the dash hoop. as his car hits the kerb at Variante Bassa chicane. brake, stays in neutral and keeps the engine The driver must be strapped to a six point Luckily, he escaped serious injury. revs up above 4000rpm to prevent stalling. harness. As soon as the pit crew are ready, the car is The rules governing car specifications and The driver must wear fireproof underwear, jacked down, the ÔBrakes OnÕ board is the rules were changed balaclava, gloves, three layer overall, boots taken away, the driver has already revved several times throughout the 1994 season. and a helmet. These must have the capacity up to about 8000rpm, he slips into first and As always, if any team, car or driver does to give him 30 seconds protection in a drives away carefully trying to avoid the not adhere to these rules they are penalised blazing car. other people in the pit lane. At the end of heavily. The new rules affect car design, the pit lane stands a marshal with a light F1 cars must have a fire extinguisher and with the emphasis on aerodynamics, blue overtaking flag who will signal if a power cut-off points accessible from inside driving aids (such as traction control) and faster car is approaching on the track. and outside the car. structural safety.

Gerhard Berger in the pits during the qualifying stages of the Hungarian Grand Prix. Electric tyre blankets cover the tyres to bring them up to racing temperature.

Mika Hakinnen walks safely away from his McLaren after he and Damon Hill collided at Virage St Devote, Monaco. Race marshals prepare to winch the car off the tight street track.

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REDUCING FUEL TANK MINIMUM COCKPIT SPECIFICATION EFFECTS ON DOWNFORCE SIZE RESTRICTION CHANGES PERFORMANCE The FIA introduced the ÔPlankÕ as an LIFTED The most noticeable structural change made All of these changes to the car structure aerodynamic restriction on all Formula One to the cars in 1994 was the increase in size have an effect on its performance, reducing 1994 saw the Ôminimum fuel tank sizeÕ cars. The 10mm Plank is fixed along the of the cockpit opening by 150 mm to 650 its power, its traction and ultimately the lifted, allowing designers to produce a car base length of the car giving a one-third mm, with a minimum distance of 50mm speed the car can go. However, so long as with much better weight distribution. reduction in downforce. This forced all the between the steering wheel and the front of all the teams adhere to the new Although with smaller tanks, cars have to teams to raise their cars to accommodate the the cockpit. The height of the cockpit has specifications, the races should be closer, make at least one fuel stop per race, plank, allowing more air to sweep under the also been raised by 150 mm. These two whilst being a lot safer for the drivers. possibly three depending on the course and cars, reducing grip and slowing them down. changes reduce the risk of drivers team strategy. sustaining head and neck injuries in crashes. More restrictions were made on the cars by TRANSMISSION AND limiting the size of the front and rear wings CHASSIS CHANGES and the introduction of a 50mm stepped ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS Other changes to car specifications include chassis, a safety measure that has been used RESTRICTIONS in Indycar for some time. a 750mm minimum distance from the front Two other parts of the cars that were of the cockpit to the front wheel axle line. ENGINE POWER closely monitored by the FIA during 1994 This means that the drivers pedals are behind the axle line. Also the length of the In 1994, engines were still rated at 3.5 litres were the transmission and the electronics deformable structure in front of the driverÕs (reduced from 3.5 litres to 3.0 litres in systems. The cars now having reduced legs has doubled to 300mm, and the 1995). Mixed fuel became illegal in 1994 downforce meant that traction control was protective cone must be filled with an FIA and the standard pump product has to be of utmost importance. In 1994 electronic approved impact absorbent material. These used by all teams. Fuel is one of the many traction control systems were outlawed, but changes obviously make the cars much things closely monitored by the FIA at all Ôfly-by-wireÕ methods of throttle control safer for the driver. stages of racing. were still permissible.

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not needed

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WILLIAMS-RENAULT TYRRELL-YAMAHA MCLAREN- JORDAN-HART Address: Williams Grand Prix Address: Address: McLaren Address: , Engineering Organisation Ltd. International Ltd, Silverstone, Basil Hill Road, Long-Reach, Woking Business Park, Northants, Didcot, Ockham, Woking, Albert Drive, NN12 8TJ Oxfordshire Woking, Great Britain. OX11 7HW. GU23 6PE. Surrey, GU21 5JY. Established: Great Britain. Great Britain. Great Britain. 1981 Established: 1969 Established: 1960 Established: 1963 First Grand Prix: USA 1991 First Grand Prix: Argentina First Grand Prix: Canada 1970 First Grand Prix: Monaco 1966 General Director:

General Director: Frank Williams General Director: General Director: Ron Dennis Technical Director: Gary Anderson Technical Director: Technical Director: Technical Director: Team Manager: John Walton Team Manager: David Williams Team Manager: Rupert Manwearing Team Manager: Dave Ryan Employees: 50 Employees: 200 Employees: 70 Employees: 180 Engine: Renault RS6 : Yamaha OX10 AV10 Engine: Peugeot A4 or A6 Chassis: The 1994 Teams Chassis: Williams FW16B Chassis: Chassis: McLaren MP 4/9 Engine: Hart 1035 V10 BENETTON-FORD ARROWS-FORD Address: Ltd. Address: Arrows Grand Prix Unit 9, Int. Ltd, Witney Trading Estate, 39, Barton Road, Station Lane, Water Eaten Industrial Estate, Witney, Bletchley, Oxon OX8 6X2. Milton Keynes, Great Britain. Bucks. MK2 3HW. Established: 1970 Great Britain. First Grand Prix: Italy 1981 Established: 1977 General Director: First Grand Prix: Brazil 1978 Technical Director: General Director: APPENDIX I Team Manager: Technical Director: Employees: 170 Team Manager: John Wickham Employees: 148 Engine: Ford Zetec R V8 Rubens Barrichello in the Jordan Hart passes La Rascasse Chassis: Arrows FA 15 Chassis: Katayama in the Tyrell racing uphill towards at the Monaco Grand Prix. Rubens was to retire on lap Roses Bar at Monaco. Unfortunately he later Engine: Ford HB V8 27 with electrical problems. spun off the track on the 38th lap.

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LOTUS-MUGEN -FORD FERRARI -FORD Address: , Address: Minardi Team SpA, Address: Ferrari SpR, Address: Simtek Grand Prix Ltd, Ketteringham Hall, Via Spallanzani Via Ascari 55, 8, Wates Way, Whymondham, 21 (Z.I), 41053 Maraello (MO), Acre Estate, , 48018 Farenza, Italy Wildmere Road, NR18 9RS Italy Established: 1929 , Great Britain. Oxon. OX16 7TS. Established: 1974 First Grand Prix: Monaco 1950 Established: 1954 Great Britain. First Grand Prix: Brazil 1985 General Director: Luca Di Montezemolo First Grand Prix: Monaco 1958 Established: 1994 Technical Directors: General Director: Gian Carlo Minardi , First Grand Prix: Brazil 1994 General Director: Peter Collins , Technical Director: Technical Director: Peter Wright Valerio Bianchi General Director: Team Manager: Team Manager: Trevor Foster Gian Carlo Minardi Team Manager: Technical Director: Nick Wirth Employees: 40 Employees: 75 Employees: 330 Team Manager: Charlie Moody Chassis: Lotus 107C Chassis: Minardi M194 Chassis: Ferrari 412 TI Employees: 35 Engine: Mugen Engine: Ford HB : Ferrari E4A 94 Chassis: Simtek S941 ZA 5C V10 Engine: Ford HB V8 -FORD LIGIER-RENAULT SAUBER-MERCEDES PACIFIC- Address: Larrousse F1, Address: Ligier Sport SA, BENZ Address: Urses Pacific Grand Prix, Z.E. de Signes, Brunel Business Centre, Technopole, Address: PP Sauber AG, 83870 Signes, Brunel Way, 58470 Magny-Cours, Wildbachstrasse 9, Woking, Thetford, France. 8340 Hinwil, France. Norfolk, IP24 1HP. Established: 1969 Switzerland. Established: 1987 Great Britain. First Grand Prix: Brazil 1976 Established: 1972 First Grand Prix: San Marino 1987 Established: 1992 First Grand Prix: South Africa 1993 General Director: Flavio Briatore General Director: Gerard Larrousse First Grand Prix: Brazil 1994 General Director: Technical Director: Frank Dernie Technical Director: , General Director: Technical Director: Andre de Cortanze Michel Tetu Team Manager: Technical Director: - Team Manager: Carmen Ziegler Team Manager: Gerard Larrousse Employees: 150 Team Manager: Ian Dawson Employees: 75 Employees: 45 Chassis: Ligier JS41 Employees: 35 Chassis: Sauber C13 Chassis: Larousse LH94 Engine: Renault RS 6 V10 Chassis: Ursus Pacific PRO1 Engine: Mercedes-Benz V10 Engine: Ford HB VII V8 Engine: Ilmor V10 F1

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Position Make Points Poles Victories Best Best Laps KM’s in Williams-Renault Tyrrell-Yamaha 1994 Participating Drivers APPENDIX K Laps Lead Lead RACE NUMBER 0 RACE NUMBER 3

1 Williams Ford 118 6 7 7 294 1336 ¥ Name: HILL ¥ Name: KATAYAMA ¥ First Names: Damon Mark ¥ First Name: Ukyo 2 Benetton Ford 103 6 8 9 626 2727 ¥ Nationality British ¥ Nationality: Japanese

¥ Date of Birth: September 17, 1960 ¥ Date of Birth: May 29, 1963 3 Ferrari 71 3 1 0 102 592 ¥ Place of Birth: GB ¥ Place of Birth: Tokyo, Japan

4 McLaren Peugeot 42 0 0 0 13 64 Over the last two seasons Damon Hill has The Japanese driver had some promising proved that he is one of the most talented races with the -Larrousse team in drivers in Formula One, only losing the 5 Jordan Hart 28 1 0 0 3 13 1992 but was out of the competition in DriversÕ World Championship by one point. 1993. In Ô94 he had a great season Damon was thrust into the Williams team

APPENDIX J qualifying fifth at both Germany and 6 Tyrell Yamaha 13 0 0 0 0 0 leader position following Ayrton SennaÕs Hungary but unfortunately suffered frequent death at Imola, and he proved beyond a engine failures, which prevented him shadow of a doubt that he is capable of an 7 Ligier Renault 13 0 0 0 0 0 scoring more than 5 points in the season. exceptional performance. RACE NUMBER 4 8 Sauber Mercedes 12 0 0 0 0 0 RACE NUMBER 2 ¥ Name: BLUNDELL ¥ Name: COULTHARD

9 Arrows Ford 9 0 0 0 0 0 ¥ First Names: David ¥ First Name: Mark

¥ Nationality: British ¥ Nationality: British 10 Minardi Ford 5 0 0 0 0 0 ¥ Date of Birth: March 27, 1971 ¥ Date of Birth: April 8, 1966 ¥ Place of Birth: Barnet, GB 11 Larrouse Ford 2 0 0 0 0 0 ¥ Place of Birth: Twynholm GB Ôcame from nowhereÕ at the In 1994 Mark Blundell has revealed his beginning of the season, appointed to the driving talents. His steady driving technique team following Ayrton SennaÕs accident. has allowed him to collect a total of 8 The teamÕs ex-test driver proved, after a Championship points with three visits to the single Grand Prix, that he was more than podium. capable of handling the Williams-Renault FW16, and it was only bad luck that limited him to a seasonÕs total of 14 points. 1994 Constructors’ Championship

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Benetton-Ford McLaren-Peugeot Arrows-Ford Lotus-Mugen RACE NUMBER 5 RACE NUMBER 7 RACE NUMBER 9 RACE NUMBER 11

¥ Name: SCHUMACHER ¥ Name: HAKKINEN ¥ Name: FITTIPALDI ¥ Name: ZANARDI

¥ First Name: Michael ¥ First Name: Mika, Pauli ¥ First Name: Christian ¥ First Name: Alessandro Leone

¥ Nationality: German ¥ Nationality: Finnish ¥ Nationality: Brazilian ¥ Nationality: Italian

¥ Date of Birth: January 3, 1969 ¥ Date of Birth: September 28, 1968 ¥ Date of Birth: January 18, 1971 ¥ Date of Birth: October 26, 1966

¥ Place of Birth: Hurth-Hermuhlheim , ¥ Place of Birth: Heksinki, Finland ¥ Place of Birth: Sao Paulo, Brazi ¥ Place of Birth: Bologna, Italy Germany McLaren hired Hakkinen to replace the 1994 was the third racing season for the Returning to Formula One for the Spanish The 1994 World Champion, Michael dismissed Andretti. Throughout the season young Brazilian. Having left Minardi after Grand Prix to take Pedro LamyÕs place, Schumacher, surpassed all his teamÕs the Fin proved to be a strong competitor; two full seasons. Driving for the Footwork following a serious accident. Zanardi drove expectations, taking the new Benetton-Ford occasionally too strong, as he was team based in Milton Keynes, he for the rest of the season but was unable to to seven wins in eight races. Although a suspended from a Grand Prix following picked up a total of 6 points and finished 14th. score any points. very close season, nothing can be taken two accidents. Even so, he still managed RACE NUMBER 10 RACE NUMBER 12 away from the German; his ability for seven podium visits, six of which were for setting up his car and his race performances top three placings. ¥ Name: ¥ Name: HERBERT have shown he is one of the most capable RACE NUMBER 8 ¥ First Name: Gianni ¥ First Name: Johnny drivers in Formula One. ¥ Name: BRUNDLE ¥ Nationality: Italian ¥ Nationality: British RACE NUMBER 6 ¥ First Name: Martin John ¥ Date of Birth: January 13, 1968 ¥ Date of Birth: June 27, 1964 ¥ Name: VERSTAPPEN ¥ Nationality: British ¥ Place of Birth: Pesaro, Italy ¥ Place of Birth: Romford, GB ¥ First Name: Jos ¥ Date of Birth: June 1, 1959 Returning to Formula 1 for the 1994 season had a disrupted season in ¥ Nationality: Dutch following a short period of absence racing Ô94. Beginning the season with Lotus for ¥ Place of Birth: KingÕs Lynn, GB ¥ Date of Birth: March 4, 1972 in Italy, Morbidelli was in excellent shape the first thirteen races, the team he has been Martin BrundleÕs style and skill are at the beginning of the season. Performing with since 1990. Then moving to Ligier- ¥ Place of Birth: Montfort, undeniable, although having been racing in brilliantly in qualifying, including sixth Renault for one race and then to their sister Hired as a test driver, Verstappen was Formula One for ten seasons (131 Grand place on the grid at Brazil, he promised company Benetton-Ford to aid their bid for called in to replace JJ Lehto close to the Prix) he has never consistantly succeeded. great things. Unfortunately due to the Constructors Championship. beginning of the season. For his first season His best results of the year were coming mechanical problems and the infamous spin Unfortunately, Herbert was unable to finish he performed admirably, especially in the second to Schumacher at Monaco and third he finished in 22nd place with 3 points in at either Japan or Adelaide. wake of Schumacher and there are high at Australia and he totalled 16 points for the the Championship. hopes for the young driver next season. season.

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Jordan-Hart RACE NUMBER15 Larrousse-Ford Minardi-Ford RACE NUMBER 14 ¥ Name: IRVINE RACE NUMBER 19 RACE NUMBER 23

¥ Name: BARRICHELLO ¥ First Name: Eddie ¥ Name: BERETTA ¥ Name: MARTINI

¥ First Name: Rubens Goncalves ¥ Nationality: British ¥ First Name: Olivier ¥ First Name: Pierluigi

¥ Nationality: Brazilian ¥ Date of Birth: November 10, 1965 ¥ Nationality: Italian ¥ Nationality: Italian

¥ Date of Birth: May 23, 1972 ¥ Place of Birth: Newtownards, ¥ Date of Birth: November 23, 1969 ¥ Date of Birth: April 23, 1961 N. Ireland ¥ Place of Birth: Sao Paulo (Brazil) ¥ Place of Birth: Monte-Carlo ¥ Place of Birth: Lugo di Romagna, Italy Having only driven for Jordan in the last Barrichello had an exceptional season in BerettaÕs first season in Formula One lasted Performing well during the Ô94 season, two races of the 1993 season, 1994 was the Ô94; only his second in Formula One. just ten months. Only able to complete four Martini drove well despite the resrictions of beginning of his first full season. Finishing the season with a total of 19 points of his ten races, (his best finish, a seventh his car. In the latter stages of the season Unfortunately it didnÕt start too well, Irvine and in sixth place overall. Six finishes in the place at Hockenheim, Germany) the young MinardiÕs engineers spent more time fixing was blamed for the horrific crash at the top six including a third place at the Pacific Italian left the Larrousse team voluntarily at the car than developing it; possibly Brazilian Grand Prix, and was ultimately Grand Prix at Aida and fourth at Brazil, the Belgian Grand Prix. restricting their progress next season. banned for three races. However, following Britain, Italy, Portugal and Australia. He the ban he finished three times in the top six, RACE NUMBER 20 RACE NUMBER 24 remains with Jordan for next season; who showing that he has the capability to have high hopes for the young Brazilian. ¥ Name: COMAS ¥ Name: ALBORETO compete against the well-established drivers. ¥ First Name: Erik Gilbert ¥ First Name: Michele

¥ Nationality: French ¥ Nationality: Italian

¥ Date of Birth: September 28, 1963 ¥ Date of Birth: December 23, 1956

¥ Place of Birth: Romans, France ¥ Place of Birth: Milan, Italy

Comas like his team mate Beretta didnÕt completed the Ô94 season complete the 1994 season. Unhappy with with one point for a sixth place at Monaco. the performance of the Larrousse Ford and Having only scored a total of seven points suffering several retirements throughout the over the last four years, at the end of the season, he finished with a total of two sixth season Alboreto was thinking of retiring places and 2 points. from Formula One.

Eddie Irvine races through the pit straight in the French Grand Prix. The Jordan Hart engine performed excellently throughout the season, earning the team 5th place in the Constructors’ Championship.

PAGE 142 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE 143 GP 2 Manual 134-154 8/5/99 10:14 Page 144

Ligier-Renault Ferrari Sauber-Mercedes Benz Simtek-Ford RACE NUMBER 25 RACE NUMBER 27 RACE NUMBER 29 RACE NUMBER 31

¥ Name: BERNARD ¥ Name: ALESI ¥ Name: de CESARIS ¥ Name: BRABHAM

¥ First Name: Eric ¥ First Name: Jean ¥ First Name: Andrea ¥ First Name: David

¥ Nationality: French ¥ Nationality: French ¥ Nationality: Italian ¥ Nationality: Australian

¥ Date of Birth: August 24, 1964 ¥ Date of Birth: June 11, 1964 ¥ Date of Birth: May 31, 1959 ¥ Date of Birth: September 5, 1964

¥ Place of Birth: Istres, France ¥ Place of Birth: , Franc ¥ Place of Birth: Rome, Italy ¥ Place of Birth: Wimbledon, GB

Returning to Formula One following a two- 1994 was AlesiÕs best season so far. The fifteen year F1 veteran returned once This season was returning year absence because of a horrific accident Collecting pole position at Monza with again to replace Eddie Irvine at Jordan to Formula One for the first time since at Suzuka in 1991, Bernard made his some controlled, hair-raising driving, he following the Imola and Monaco crashes. 1990. Previously, he drove for the Brabham highest ever finish at Hockenheim with a finished with a total of four podium visits. De Cesaris then replaced team, but now has returned to join the visit to the winnerÕs podium. Unfortunately, He is still waiting for his first Grand Prix after his accident but unfortunately was Simtek-Ford team. Brabham proved to be a Bernard will be racing for another team in win, but Ferrari will need something very only able to score one point, at the French fast, safe driver, however unfortunately, Ô95, following Flavio BriatoreÕs decision to special for this to happen next season. Grand Prix. Simtek as with all new teams have teething bring Johnny Herbert to the Ligier team problems and Brabham had several RACE NUMBER 28 RACE NUMBER 30 retirements. RACE NUMBER 26 ¥ Name: BERGER ¥ Name: FRENTZEN RACE NUMBER 32 ¥ Name: PANIS ¥ First Name: Gerhard ¥ First Name: Heinz-Harald ¥ Name: GOUNON ¥ First Name: Olivier Denis ¥ Nationality: Austrian ¥ Nationality: German ¥ First Name: Jean-Marc ¥ Nationality: French ¥ Date of Birth: August 27, 1959 ¥ Date of Birth: May 18, 1967 ¥ Nationality: French ¥ Date of Birth: September 2, 1966 ¥ Place of Birth: Worgi, ¥ Place of Birth: Monchengladbach, ¥ Date of Birth: January 1, 1963 ¥ Place of Birth: Lyon, France Germany Winning the teamÕs first victory in four ¥ Place of Birth: Aubenas competed brilliantly in his years at Hockenheim in Ô94, Berger showed Scoring two points in only his second first Formula One season, managing to that he was in good shape this season. He Grand Prix and qualifying third at Japan, Gounon didnÕt begin to race for Simtek complete 15 out of the 16 Grand Prixs. maintains a strong commitment to his FrentzenÕs skills havenÕt gone unnoticed. until the mid-part of the season due to car Panis proved that he had the skills of a career and Ferrari . He had been approached by several other testing and modifications. Simtek wanted world champion in the making; calm, teams but decided to remain with the new the Frenchman to race from the beginning consistantly quick and never making a Sauber-Ford team. Great results are of the season, but Gounon wanted to wait mistake. There are high hopes for his expected from this driver next season. for a more competitive car. performance next season.

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Pacific-Ilmor RACE NUMBER 34 [ ] - did not start season as original driver Name Team Number Races RACE NUMBER 33 ¥ Name: GACHOT Benetton 5 1-11, 13-16 ¥ Name: BELMONDO ¥ First Name: Bertrand Damon Hill Williams 0 All ¥ First Name: Paul Alexandre ¥ Nationality: Belgian Gerhard Berger Ferrari 28 All ¥ Nationality: French ¥ Date of Birth: December 22, 1962 Mika Hakkinen McLaren 7 1-9, 11-16 ¥ Date of Birth: April 23, 1963 ¥ Place of Birth: Luxembourg Jean Alesi Ferrari 27 1, 4-16 ¥ Place of Birth: Paris, France Returning from a one year absence, Betrand Gachot has joined the Pacific team. Even Rubens Barrichello Jordan 14 All Belmondo has only been able to qualify for though non-qualifications were abundant, Martin Brundle McLaren 8 All two Grand Prix in 1992: Monaco and Spain, Gachot has found a team that has potential and in the three seasons that he has been in [David Coulthard] [Williams] [2] 5-6, 8-13 and that he is happy with. Next year should Formula One he hasnÕt amassed any points. be a lot better for the Pacific team and its Ayrton Senna Williams 2 1-3 However Belmondo remains undetered and drivers. [] [Williams] [2] 7, 14-16 confident, content to keep competing in Formula One. Benetton 6 1-2, 7-14 Olivier Panis Ligier 26 All Martin Blundell Tyrrell 4 All Heinz-Harald Frentzen Sauber 30 All [N. Larini] [Ferrari] [27] 2-3 C Fittipaldi Arrows 9 All Eddie Irvine Jordan 15 1, 5-16 Ukyo Katayama Tyrrell 3 All Eric Bernard Ligier 25 1-13 [Eric Bernard] [Lotus] [12] 13 Karl Wendlinger Sauber 29 1-4 [Andrea de Cesaris] [Jordan] [15] 3-4 [Andrea de Cesaris] [Sauber] [29] 6 -14 Pier-Luigi Martini Minardi 23 All Arrows 10 All Eric Comas Larousse 20 1-15 Michael Alboreto Minardi 24 All

PAGE 146 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE 147 GP 2 Manual 134-154 8/5/99 10:14 Page 148 APPENDIX L [JJ Lehto] [Benetton] [6] 3-6, 12-13

[JJ Lehto] [Sauber] [29] 15-16

[P Adams] [Lotus] [11] 11, 13

[P Aliot] [McLaren] [7] 10

[P Aliot] [Larousse] [19] 11

P Belmondo Pacific 33 All

O Beretta Larousse 19 1-10

D Brabham Simtek 31 All

[Y Dalmas] [Larousse] [19] 12-13

[J-D Delatraz] [Larousse] [20] 16 1994 Season Point Results

Bertrand Gachot Pacific 34 All

[J-M Gounon] [Simtek] [32] 7-13

Johnny Herbert 1-13

[Johnny Herbert] [Ligier] [25] 14

[Johnny Herbert] [Benetton] [6] 15-16

[T. Inoue] [Simtek] [32] 15

[F. Lagorce] [Ligier] [25] 15-16

P. Lamy Lotus 11 1-4

[A. Montermini] [Simtek] [32] 5

[] [Larousse] [19] 14-16 Sauber Mercedes A 5 7 - A A 4 7 A A A A A 6 6 7 7 Simtek 32 1-3

[M Salo] [Lotus] [12] 15-16

[D. Schiattarella] [Simtek] [32] 14,16

[A Suzuki] [Jordan] [15] 2

[A. Zanardi] [Lotus] [11] 5-9, 12, 14-16 14 Nicola Larini15 Christian Fittipaldi16 Eddie Irvine Arrows Ford17 Ukyo Katayama Ferrari18 Eric Bernard A- Tyrell Yamaha Jordan Hart- 4 Ò - 5 13 Karl Wendlinger A - Ligier Renault- Andrea DeCesaris A A A- Sauber Mercedes A 5 A 6 Ò - Jordan Hart 6 222 A 10 8 Gianni Morbidelli - Lotus Mugen -23 A A 12 Eric Comas A 9 - 4 A24 - Minardi Ford - Arrows Ford - 8 Michele Alboreto 4 - A 6- - - 14 14 Sauber Mercedes 6 -- 8 - A JJ Lehto A Minardi Ford A A - - A A A - A Larrousse Ford - 13 A A 4 Ò A - - A 3 8 A - A A 17 - 9 - A A 8 A 10 A - - A - A 10 A - - 6 5 8 A - A 7 - A 13 - 6 A Benetton Ford A 7 6 10 - - A 11 - - 10 - 5 A Sauber Mercedes - A A 7 - - A - - - A A A 10 4 - 12 - - A A 5 - 6 5 A - 5 - - - 11 A - - A A - - A A A 4 A - 8 6 - A 6 A - - - 6 7 A - 7 A A - - 8 - A - 13 A 9 10 - 15 11 - - A 7 6 A A - A A 8 - - 9 - A - - A 14 A 14 A 4 3 4 - 18 - - A A - - A - 9 - - - - 1 - - 4 - - - 2 - - - 9 - A - - - - - A 1 10 - Pos Driver1 Michael Schumacher2 Benetton Ford Damon Hill3 Gerhard Berger4 1 Mika Hakkinen5 1 Jean Alesi6 Ferrari 1 Williams Renault Make Rubena Barrichello7 2 McLaren Peugeot 1 A Martin Brundle8 Jordan Hart A 2 A David Coultard9 6 1 3 Nigel Mansell10 Ferrari A A McLaren Peugeot 4 Jos Verstappen 1 A A11 1 Williams Renault Bra 2 Olivier Panis A D 3 - A12 2 Pac A A Mark Blundell A Williams Renault 8 -13 San Benetton Ford 3 2 - - A 1 Mon Heinz-Harald Frentzen 2 SpaAus A 3Jap Total AEur 3 1 Can D - A Ligier Renault -Ita A 11Por Bel Fre Tyrrell Yamaha 4 - -Hun A 8 A - 8 A Bri Ger - 11 - A 3 2 A - - - A A - 9 2 A 1 1 A A 5 - 5 4 11 - A 9 1 3 1 2 4 9 - A - 4 A 12 - A 3 1 A 3 7 A A 5 3 - 92 3 2 A A 2 A 5 13 A 11 4 7 1 A A - 2 A 10 A 6 12 8 A 4 5 12 A 4 26 A - A 91 12 2 A A A A A 6 A - 3 6 2 5 3 A 4 2 - 3 7 41 A 16 5 19 - A 10 - A A - 10 9 5 A 3 - 9 13 A - A 6 A 11 - 14 4 5 A 24 - 8 9 1 10 13

Abbreviations: (-) - Did not race. (D) - Disqualified. (A) - Abandoned, did not finish race. Summary of Points: 1st: 10 Points. 2nd: 6 Points. 3rd: 4 Points. 4th: 3 Points. 5th: 2 Points. 6th: 1 Point

PAGE 148 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL PAGE 149 GP 2 Manual 134-154 8/5/99 10:14 Page 148 APPENDIX L [JJ Lehto] [Benetton] [6] 3-6, 12-13

[JJ Lehto] [Sauber] [29] 15-16

[P Adams] [Lotus] [11] 11, 13

[P Aliot] [McLaren] [7] 10

[P Aliot] [Larousse] [19] 11

P Belmondo Pacific 33 All

O Beretta Larousse 19 1-10

D Brabham Simtek 31 All

[Y Dalmas] [Larousse] [19] 12-13

[J-D Delatraz] [Larousse] [20] 16 1994 Season Point Results

Bertrand Gachot Pacific 34 All

[J-M Gounon] [Simtek] [32] 7-13

Johnny Herbert Lotus 12 1-13

[Johnny Herbert] [Ligier] [25] 14

[Johnny Herbert] [Benetton] [6] 15-16

[T. Inoue] [Simtek] [32] 15

[F. Lagorce] [Ligier] [25] 15-16

P. Lamy Lotus 11 1-4

[A. Montermini] [Simtek] [32] 5

[Hideki Noda] [Larousse] [19] 14-16 Sauber Mercedes A 5 7 - A A 4 7 A A A A A 6 6 7 7 Roland Ratzenberger Simtek 32 1-3

[M Salo] [Lotus] [12] 15-16

[D. Schiattarella] [Simtek] [32] 14,16

[A Suzuki] [Jordan] [15] 2

[A. Zanardi] [Lotus] [11] 5-9, 12, 14-16 14 Nicola Larini15 Christian Fittipaldi16 Eddie Irvine Arrows Ford17 Ukyo Katayama Ferrari18 Eric Bernard A- Tyrell Yamaha Jordan Hart- 4 Ò - 5 13 Karl Wendlinger A - Ligier Renault- Andrea DeCesaris A A A- Sauber Mercedes A 5 A 6 Ò - Jordan Hart 6 222 Pierluigi Martini A 10 8 Gianni Morbidelli - Lotus Mugen -23 A A 12 Eric Comas A 9 - 4 A24 - Minardi Ford - Arrows Ford - 8 Michele Alboreto 4 - A 6- - - 14 14 Sauber Mercedes 6 -- 8 - A JJ Lehto A Minardi Ford A A - - A A A - A Larrousse Ford - 13 A A 4 Ò A - - A 3 8 A - A A 17 - 9 - A A 8 A 10 A - - A - A 10 A - - 6 5 8 A - A 7 - A 13 - 6 A Benetton Ford A 7 6 10 - - A 11 - - 10 - 5 A Sauber Mercedes - A A 7 - - A - - - A A A 10 4 - 12 - - A A 5 - 6 5 A - 5 - - - 11 A - - A A - - A A A 4 A - 8 6 - A 6 A - - - 6 7 A - 7 A A - - 8 - A - 13 A 9 10 - 15 11 - - A 7 6 A A - A A 8 - - 9 - A - - A 14 A 14 A 4 3 4 - 18 - - A A - - A - 9 - - - - 1 - - 4 - - - 2 - - - 9 - A - - - - - A 1 10 - Pos Driver1 Michael Schumacher2 Benetton Ford Damon Hill3 Gerhard Berger4 1 Mika Hakkinen5 1 Jean Alesi6 Ferrari 1 Williams Renault Make Rubena Barrichello7 2 McLaren Peugeot 1 A Martin Brundle8 Jordan Hart A 2 A David Coultard9 6 1 3 Nigel Mansell10 Ferrari A A McLaren Peugeot 4 Jos Verstappen 1 A A11 1 Williams Renault Bra 2 Olivier Panis A D 3 - A12 2 Pac A A Mark Blundell A Williams Renault 8 -13 San Benetton Ford 3 2 - - A 1 Mon Heinz-Harald Frentzen 2 SpaAus A 3Jap Total AEur 3 1 Can D - A Ligier Renault -Ita A 11Por Bel Fre Tyrrell Yamaha 4 - -Hun A 8 A - 8 A Bri Ger - 11 - A 3 2 A - - - A A - 9 2 A 1 1 A A 5 - 5 4 11 - A 9 1 3 1 2 4 9 - A - 4 A 12 - A 3 1 A 3 7 A A 5 3 - 92 3 2 A A 2 A 5 13 A 11 4 7 1 A A - 2 A 10 A 6 12 8 A 4 5 12 A 4 26 A - A 91 12 2 A A A A A 6 A - 3 6 2 5 3 A 4 2 - 3 7 41 A 16 5 19 - A 10 - A A - 10 9 5 A 3 - 9 13 A - A 6 A 11 - 14 4 5 A 24 - 8 9 1 10 13

Abbreviations: (-) - Did not race. (D) - Disqualified. (A) - Abandoned, did not finish race. Summary of Points: 1st: 10 Points. 2nd: 6 Points. 3rd: 4 Points. 4th: 3 Points. 5th: 2 Points. 6th: 1 Point

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Active Suspension Software controlled method of automatically pitching the Downforce The force which pushes the car downward allowing the vehicle suspension for specific bends. to ÔgripÕ the road surface.

Aerodynamics The force that comes into play when the car has picked up Drag Resistance to forward motion of the car. Can be caused by speed. Wings mounted upside down give negative lift and hold aerodynamic resistance or mechanical resistance. the car down. Electronic Control Box Contains, among other information, the Driver aids software Angle of Slip The angle between the direction of the wheels (front and rear) and settings, (traction control, etc.) The and the direction of travel. Electronic Control Boxes are frequently inspected by the FIA following a race to test for illegal driving aids being used by Anti-Roll Bar Forms part of the suspension assembly and helps to support the Glossary constructors. car when cornering, by resisting the tendency for the body to roll. FIA Federation Internationale de lÕAutomobile. The motor racing Apex or Clipping Point The nearest point a car gets to the inside of a curve in an ideal sportÕs governing body. racing line. Getting a Tow Another term for ÔslipstreamingÕ, gaining speed by sitting Balance The degree to which a car has understeer or oversteer in a corner. behind a rival car prior to overtaking. Brake Balance The bias of braking power between the front and rear tyres. Now outlawed by FIA but in the period 1980 to 1982 virtually Braking Distance The distance between the point where braking starts and ends. all cars were built in this way. The car had an underbody shaped Bump Damper An energy absorbing device, fitted between the wheel and car like an inverted wing which almost sucked the car on to the body, which resists upward movement by the wheel. track and gave tremendous grip.

Camber Slight upward curve to the centre of race track. Increase the Lock For some tight hairpins, such as Loews in Monaco, the car steering lock is increased to take the bends faster albeit to the Camber Angle Camber angle is designed to make a tyre work as effectively as detriment of the tyres. possible when a car is going through a corner. Negative camber is applied so that when fully stressed a tyre will be as close to Logged data chart Graphical method of displaying information which has been perpendicular as possible. recorded during a lap. Also known as Performance Analysis. APPENDIX M Castor Angle Castor gives greater responsiveness and stability to the front Outbrake To brake very late into a corner when dicing with a rival car. wheels. The larger the castor angle, the heavier the steering and Oversteer Oversteer is characterised by the rear end of the car losing grip, more stable the front end. giving the car a tendency to spin.

Centre of Gravity The position within the car around which all the mass is Packers Packers form part of the suspension assembly and adjust the gathered. The lower the centre of gravity, the greater the downforce. position at which the bump rubbers become loaded.

Chicane A sharp ÔSÕ bend that reduces speeds by forcing drivers to drive Paddock The parking area behind the pits where all the equipment, through in single file. trucks and spare cars are kept by the teams.

Damper Forms part of the suspension system and absorbs the energy Parc FermŽ The area where cars are isolated after a race finishes. Only that is produced when the spring is compressing or extending. officials may touch the vehicles for an hour after the finish. Damper force increases with speed (heave, roll and pitch velocity). Some engines may be ÔsealedÕ for later inspection.

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Plank, The A 10mm plank running down the length of the underside of all Super Licence A licence required by all drivers, competitors and officials F1 cars. This addition following the Ô94 Imola Grand Prix, participating in a Formula One Championship. means that the ride height of the car must be sufficient to avoid Suspension travel The distance through which the moving parts of the suspension the plank ÔgroundingÕ. This results in less downforce and travel in relation to the fixed parts. therefore lower speeds, particularly round dangerous corners. Telemetry System Multi-function system that measures all aspects of car and Points System The points awarded for finishing a Grand Prix are as follows: driver performance. 1st = 10 points, 2nd = 6 points, 3rd = 4 points, 4th = 3 points, 5th = 2 points and 6th = 1 point. Italian Fans.

Rebound damper An energy absorbing device fitted between wheel and car body Time Penalties Should the stewards choose to impose a time penalty the which resists downward movement by the wheel. offending driver must, in normal circumstances, proceed to the designated area and remain there until a specified time period Refuelling Refuelling is an essential part of race strategy. The less fuel a has passed, after which the driver may rejoin the race. car holds, the faster it can travel, but this will result in the need for more time-consuming pit stops to refuel. Torque The amount of thrust driving through from the engine to the wheels. Responsive handling The car responds quickly to steering, acceleration and braking inputs from the driver, allowing very accurate manoeuvres. Traction The ability of the rear tyres to grip the track surface and cause the car to accelerate. Rev limiter A device which limits the RPM of the engine to a preset value. This is used in the pit lane to keep the car speed within the pit Traction Control An electronically-controlled clutch allowing the car to lane speed limit. accelerate as fast as possible without losing traction and the wheels spinning. This system was outlawed in the Ô94 season. Ride height The height of the car floor, above the ground, measured from the wheels. Turn-in The point on the track where the driver starts to steer the car into a corner. Rumble Strip The bobbly, coloured strip on the edge of the track which serves as a warning to the driver to transgress no further. Tyre Blankets Special electric blankets placed over tyres just before a start to keep them up to racing temperature. Run Off Track A stretch of track close to a dangerous section of the circuit, that gives the driver an escape route if things go wrong, e.g. the Understeer Understeer is characterised by the front end of the car losing driver loses control of the car. grip. This gives the rear of the car a tendency to carry straight on, through a corner. Shunt A knock from the car behind you. Wings Devices fitted to the front and rear of the car which produce Skidblock See Plank, The. aerodynamic downforce. This allows faster cornering speeds. Springs The springs form part of the suspension assembly and are the The rear wing also produces significant aerodynamic drag. main means of supporting the car.

Stewards Decision In the event of a breach of FIA rules, a stewards enquiry is normally called. The party in question is called before the ÔSteward of the MeetingÕ who issues a ÔStewards DecisionÕ with accompanying fine/disciplinary action, if relevant.

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Game Design & Programming Geoff Crammond

Menu Design & Additional Programming Pete Cooke

Circuit Topography Norman Surplus

Additional Circuit Research Celia Holmes

Performance Analysis & Test Driving David Surplus FOR MICROPROSE Producer Stephen Hand Graphic Artists Andy Cook Drew Northcott Pete Austin Martin Severn Greg Shill

Sound & Music John Broomhall Andy Parton

Guitars Keith Thompson Laurie Sinnett

QA Manager Andrew Luckett

Testing Phil McDonnell Jason Sampson Don Witcombe Darren Kirby Craig Lear Justin Manning Daniel Luton Patrice Stauder Zoe Steadman

Manual Text Rick Haslam Nick Stokes

Manual Design Sarah Warburton

Managing Editor Alkis Alkiviades Grand Prix 2 Credits Product Marketing Manager John Davis

Publisher Rob Davies

Manual Photographs John Townsend Formula One Pictures In-Game Formula One photographs supplied by Autosport magazine

Speech samples by Sound Developments Studios

The MicroProse audio system incorporates HMI’s Sound Operating System and RAD Software’s Smacker Video Technology

With very special thanks to Max Nightingale - Formula One Engineer, and David Owen of Williams Grand Prix Engineering, Dave Amey - Formula One Consultant Engineer, Jed Leicester of Autosport magazine, Scott Tsumura, Sheila Boughten, Nick Cook, Martin Moth, Steve Perry and the many people involved in the design of the packaging.

Licensed by FOCA to Fuji Television. Game © 1995 Geoff Crammond. Packaging and Manual © 1995 MicroProse

PAGE 154 GRAND PRIX 2 MANUAL