DOCSLIB.ORG

Overviews on Diversity of Fish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overviews on Diversity of Fish Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences ___________________________ ISSN 2320 – 6535 Vol. 1(8), 12-18, September (2013) Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci. Review Paper Overviews on Diversity of Fish Pandey Govind Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa (Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur), MP, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 2nd May 2013, revised 1st August 2013, accepted 11 th September 2013 Abstract Fish have great diversity and hence they can be classified in different categories. “Fish” generally refer to several aquatic animals but actually all of them are not fish, such as starfish, shellfish, cuttlefish, jellyfish and crayfish. Jawlesh fish are the most primitive fish. In deed, the ancestors of cartilaginous fish (having a cartilaginous skeleton) were the bony animals and they developed paired fins firstly. Bony fish are categorized into the lobe finned and ray finned fish. Teleost fish are the most ‘modern’ (advance). As regard to size, Paedocypris progenetica is the smallest fish. Gobies have the shortest life span and they are small coral reef-dwelling fish. Only 58% of extant fish are salt water, while a disproportionate 41% are fresh water fish and remaining 1% is anadromous fish. Groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites, who school in harems of 3 to 15 females. Fish adopt a variety of strategy for nurturing their brood, e.g., shark differently adopts three protocols with brood. Many fishes are food opportunists or generalists as they eat whatever they get easily. Fishes with four eyes have eyes above the top of head which are divided in two different parts, so that the fish can see below and above the water surface simultaneously. Seahorses are the slowest-moving fishes. So called the ‘toxic fishes’ are able to produce strong toxins in their bodies. Moreover, there are commercial food fish, recreational sport fish, decorative aquarium fish and tourism fish. As the most vertebrate species have brain-to-body weight ratios, fish also have the relative brain weights of vertebrates. Keywords: Fish, fish diversities/categories, fish species. Introduction (rarely three) dorsal fins, an anal fin and a tail fin. This also bears jaws and skin (that is usually covered with scales), and “Fish” denotes any non-tetrapod craniate (an animal with a skull lays eggs. There is exception in each of these criteria. For and mostly with a backbone) that has gills, and whose limbs (if example, tuna, swordfish and some species of shark show some 1 any) are fin-shaped . Unlike mammals or birds, fish are not a warm-blooded adaptations. They can heat their bodies clade but they are a paraphylectic collection of taxa, including significantly, and their streamlining and swimming performance jawless, skeletal and cartilaginous types (e.g., hagfish, lampreys, varies from fish (e.g., tuna, salmon and jacks that can cover 10- 2-3 sharks and rays, ray-finned fish, coelacanths and lungfish) . 20 body-lengths/second) to species (e.g., eels and rays that swim The lungfish and coelacanths are closer relatives of tetrapods not more than 0.5 body-lengths/second) 1. Several groups of (e.g., mammals, birds, amphibians) than the other fish (e.g., ray- freshwater fish take oxygen from air and water with the help of finned fish or sharks). So, the last common ancestor of all fish is different structures in them. The lungfish have paired lungs like also an ancestor to tetrapods. However, the paraphyletic groups those of tetrapods, and gouramis have ‘labyrinth organ’ that do are no more in modern systematic biology, so the term “fish” as similar functions; however, many catfish (e.g., Corydoras ) take a biological group must not be used. oxygen through the stomach or intestine 4. “Fish” generally refer to several aquatic animals but actually all The fins have very variable body shape and arrangement, of them are not fish, such as starfish, shellfish, cuttlefish, showing un-fishlike forms of anglerfish, gulpers, pufferfish and jellyfish and crayfish. During 16 th century, though the biologists seahorses. Similarly, the fish skin surface can be naked (as seen did not make a distinction, the natural historians classified also in moray eel) or it may be covered with scales known as placoid seals, whales, amphibians, crocodiles, even hippopotamuses and (typical of shark and ray), ganoid (different fossil fish but also a host of aquatic invertebrates, as the ‘fish’. But as per the living gars and bichirs), cosmoid (fossil lungfish and definition of “fish”, all the mammals, including Cetaceans (e.g., coelacanths), cycloid and ctenoid (last two are found on most whales and dolphins) are not fish. Particularly in aquaculture, bony fish). Many fish still live on land. The mudskippers feed the true fish are called “finfish” (or fin fish) to differentiate and interact with one another on mudflats, and go underwater to them from other animals. An ecothermic fish has a streamlined hide in their burrows 1. Phreatobius cisternarum (catfish) lives body for rapid swimming that extracts oxygen from water by underground, and in phreatic habitats, and its relative lives in using gills or that uses an accessory breathing organ to breathe waterlogged leaf litter 5-6. Furthermore, there are many different oxygen. This fish has two sets of paired fins, usually one or two shapes and sizes of fish. The whale shark may have the large International Science Congress Association 12 Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences ________________________________________ ISSN 2320 – 6535 Vol. 1(8), 12-18, September (2013) Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci. size of about 17 m (52 ft), while the stout infant fish may have Cartilaginous fish: They have a cartilaginous skeleton; the tiny size of about 8 mm (0.3 inch) 1. however, their ancestors were bony animals and were the first fish to develop paired fins. The cartilaginous fish do not have Fish have great diversity and hence they can be classified in swim bladders. Their skin is covered in placoid scales (dermal different categories. Though fish species have been discovered, denticles) which are as rough sandpaper. Because cartilaginous about 250 new ones are still discovered every year. As per the fish do not have bone marrow, the spleen and special tissues data of FishBase, 32,100 fish species had been described by around the gonads produces red blood cells (RBCs). Their tails September, 2011. This is more than the combined total of all can be asymmetric, with the upper lobe longer than the lower other vertebrates, i.e., mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles 1. lobe. Some cartilaginous fishes possess an organ called Now a days, the documentation of biodiversity has become very “Leydig’s organ”, which also produces RBCs. There are over important aspect of science due to various environmental 980 species of cartilaginous fishes. They are sharks, rays and influences. Fish diversity of any regime has great significance in chimaera 1. assessment of that zone reference to environment and pollution, as well as it contributes to the necessary information for Bony fish: They include the lobe finned and ray finned fishes. fisheries. Many fish species may be the bio-indicators as well 7. The lobe finned fish is the class of fleshy finned fish, consisting The fish diversity of Mahanadi river suggests that this river is of lungfish and coelacanths. They are bony fish with fleshy, endowed with a variety of endemic fish species. Number of lobed paired fins, which are joined to the body by a single bone. these fish species are significantly considered ornamental These fins evolved into the legs of the first tetrapod land species. The economic potential of these ornamental fishes may vertebrates, amphibians. Ray finned fish is so-called because it be used for the domestic market in the first place for aquarium possesses lepidotrichia or ‘fin rays’; its fins being webs of the purpose 8. Now, there is a great need to adopt rational methods skin supported by bony or horny spines (‘rays’). There are three and new technology in the fishing towards the conservation of types of ray finned fish: chondrosteans, holosteans and teleosts. fish diversity of several rivers like Mahanadi. A few effective The chondrosteans and holosteans are primitive fishes sharing a measures have been suggested for this purpose. The mixture of characteristics of teleosts and sharks. The holosteans management measures aimed at conserving freshwater fishes are closer to teleosts and further from sharks in comparison with should be part of fishery policies of Governments. The the other chondrosteans 1. broodstock maintenance centres and hatcheries should be established exclusively for endangered and critically endangered Teleosts: They are the most advanced or ‘modern’ fishes. They indigenous fishes for their in situ conservation. Investigation of are overwhelmingly the dominant class of fishes with nearly invasive nature of exotic fish species in the natural habitats 30,000 species, covering about 96% of all extant fish species. should be done to establish the nature of their natural breeding They are ubiquitous throughout the freshwater and marine populations and the extent to which their feed habits overlap environments from deep sea to the highest mountain streams. with endemic population of fish 8-11 . They include nearly all the important commercial and recreational fishes. Teleosts have a movable maxilla and Diversity of Fish premaxilla, and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature. These modifications make it possible for teleosts According to Species: to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. The caudal fin Jawless fish: They are the most primitive fish. There is debate is homocercal, meaning the upper and lower lobes are about whether they are really fish or not. The jawless fish have no jaw, equal in size.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hunting in Archerfish – an Ecological Perspective on a Remarkable Combination of Skills Stefan Schuster*
    © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb159723. doi:10.1242/jeb.159723 REVIEW Hunting in archerfish – an ecological perspective on a remarkable combination of skills Stefan Schuster* ABSTRACT and van Leeuwen, 2004) or mantids (Rossel, 1983)] at prey. Thus, Archerfish are well known for using jets of water to dislodge distant this Review may be of interest also to those studying non-spitting aerial prey from twigs or leaves. This Review gives a brief overview of a creatures. It should also be useful for researchers investigating number of skills that the fish need to secure prey with their shooting which properties of brains might be crucial for allowing some technique. Archerfish are opportunistic hunters and, even in the wild, species to use tools, imitate others or show insight into the tasks shoot at artificial objects to determine whether these are rewarding. demanded of them (e.g. Sol et al., 2005; Emery, 2006; Huber et al., They can detect non-moving targets and use efficient search strategies 2009; Morand-Ferron et al., 2016; Cauchoix et al., 2017; Powell with characteristics of human visual search. Their learning of how to et al., 2017; Street et al., 2017). Here, archerfish illustrate how engage targets can be remarkably efficient and can show impressive difficult it is to devise standardized tests that could compare learning ‘ ’ degrees of generalization, including learning from observation. In other and cognition across species. Such tests would require a detailed cases, however, the fish seem unable to learn and it requires some understanding of basic environmental constraints that can understanding of the ecological and biophysical constraints to sometimes be far from obvious.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Diversity of Fish (Pisces) in Freshwater
    Hydrobiologia (2008) 595:545–567 DOI 10.1007/s10750-007-9034-0 FRESHWATER ANIMAL DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Global diversity of fish (Pisces) in freshwater C. Le´veˆque Æ T. Oberdorff Æ D. Paugy Æ M. L. J. Stiassny Æ P. A. Tedesco Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract The precise number of extant fish spe- species live in lakes and rivers that cover only 1% cies remains to be determined. About 28,900 species of the earth’s surface, while the remaining 16,000 were listed in FishBase in 2005, but some experts species live in salt water covering a full 70%. While feel that the final total may be considerably higher. freshwater species belong to some 170 families (or Freshwater fishes comprise until now almost 13,000 207 if peripheral species are also considered), the species (and 2,513 genera) (including only fresh- bulk of species occur in a relatively few groups: water and strictly peripheral species), or about the Characiformes, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, 15,000 if all species occurring from fresh to and Gymnotiformes, the Perciformes (noteably the brackishwaters are included. Noteworthy is the fact family Cichlidae), and the Cyprinodontiformes. that the estimated 13,000 strictly freshwater fish Biogeographically the distribution of strictly fresh- water species and genera are, respectively 4,035 species (705 genera) in the Neotropical region, 2,938 (390 genera) in the Afrotropical, 2,345 (440 Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Le´veˆque, H. Segers & K. Martens genera) in the Oriental, 1,844 (380 genera) in the Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment Palaearctic, 1,411 (298 genera) in the Nearctic, and 261 (94 genera) in the Australian.
    [Show full text]
  • Present Status of Fish Biodiversity and Abundance in Shiba River, Bangladesh
    Univ. J. zool. Rajshahi. Univ. Vol. 35, 2016, pp. 7-15 ISSN 1023-6104 http://journals.sfu.ca/bd/index.php/UJZRU © Rajshahi University Zoological Society Present status of fish biodiversity and abundance in Shiba river, Bangladesh D.A. Khanom, T Khatun, M.A.S. Jewel*, M.D. Hossain and M.M. Rahman Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the abundance and present status of fish biodiversity in the Shiba river at Tanore Upazila of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. The study was conducted from November, 2016 to February, 2017. A total of 30 species of fishes were recorded belonging to nine orders, 15 families and 26 genera. Cypriniformes and Siluriformes were the most diversified groups in terms of species. Among 30 species, nine species under the order Cypriniformes, nine species of Siluriformes, five species of Perciformes, two species of Channiformes, two species of Mastacembeliformes, one species of Beloniformes, one species of Clupeiformes, one species of Osteoglossiformes and one species of Decapoda, Crustacea were found. Machrobrachium lamarrei of the family Palaemonidae under Decapoda order was the most dominant species contributing 26.29% of the total catch. In the Shiba river only 6.65% threatened fish species were found, and among them 1.57% were endangered and 4.96% were vulnerable. The mean values of Shannon-Weaver diversity (H), Margalef’s richness (D) and Pielou’s (e) evenness were found as 1.86, 2.22 and 0.74, respectively. Relationship between Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H) and pollution indicates the river as light to moderate polluted.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity
    Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Author(s): Nathaniel P. Hitt, Lisa K. Bonneau, Kunjuraman V. Jayachandran, and Michael P. Marchetti Source: Lessons in Conservation, Vol. 5, pp. 5-16 Published by: Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Stable URL: ncep.amnh.org/linc/ This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. To learn more about NCEP, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org. All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2015, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ SYNTHESIS 5 Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Nathaniel P. Hitt1, Lisa K. Bonneau2, Kunjuraman V. Jayachandran3, and Michael P. Marchetti4 1U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, USA, 2Metropolitan Community College-Blue River, USA, 3Kerala Agricultural University, India, 4School of Science, St.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Fisheries
    module 5 PACIFIC FISHERIES 80 MODULE 5 PACIFIC FISHERIES 5.0 FISHERIES IN THE PACIFIC Fish and fishing are culturally and economically critical for most PICTs and are a mainstay of food security in the region. The importance of the fisheries sector to the region’s economy and food security is reflected by its reference in key regional strategies including The Pacific Plan and the Vava’u Declaration on Pacific Fisheries Resources. (See TOOLS 51 & 52.) In the Pacific, a great variety of marine organisms are consumed. In Fiji, for example, over 100 species of finfish and 50 species of invertebrates are officially included in the fish market statistics, and many more species are believed to contribute to the diets of people in rural and urban areas of the Pacific. Fish5 contributes substantially to subsistence and market-based economies and, for some of the smaller PICTs, fishing is their most important renewable resource. Despite growing reliance on imported food products, subsistence fishing still provides the majority of dietary animal protein in the region, and annual per capita consumption of fish ranges from an estimated 13 kg in Papua New Guinea to more than 110 kg in Tuvalu (Table 5.1). According to forecasts of the fish that will be required in 2030 to meet recommended per capita fish consumption in PICTs (34-37 kg/year), or to maintain current consumption levels, coastal fisheries will be able to meet 2030 demand in only 6 of 22 PICTs. Supply is likely to be either marginal or insufficient in the remaining 16 countries, which include the region’s most populous nations of Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu, as shown in Table 5.1.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1958) 37, 7°5-752
    J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (1958) 37, 7°5-752 Printed in Great Britain OBSERVATIONS ON LUMINESCENCE IN PELAGIC ANIMALS By J. A. C. NICOL The Plymouth Laboratory (Plate I and Text-figs. 1-19) Luminescence is very common among marine animals, and many species possess highly developed photophores or light-emitting organs. It is probable, therefore, that luminescence plays an important part in the economy of their lives. A few determinations of the spectral composition and intensity of light emitted by marine animals are available (Coblentz & Hughes, 1926; Eymers & van Schouwenburg, 1937; Clarke & Backus, 1956; Kampa & Boden, 1957; Nicol, 1957b, c, 1958a, b). More data of this kind are desirable in order to estimate the visual efficiency of luminescence, distances at which luminescence can be perceived, the contribution it makes to general back• ground illumination, etc. With such information it should be possible to discuss. more profitably such biological problems as the role of luminescence in intraspecific signalling, sex recognition, swarming, and attraction or re• pulsion between species. As a contribution to this field I have measured the intensities of light emitted by some pelagic species of animals. Most of the work to be described in this paper was carried out during cruises of R. V. 'Sarsia' and RRS. 'Discovery II' (Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom and National Institute of Oceanography, respectively). Collections were made at various stations in the East Atlantic between 30° N. and 48° N. The apparatus for measuring light intensities was calibrated ashore at the Plymouth Laboratory; measurements of animal light were made at sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean Volume
    ISBN 0-9689167-4-x Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras) Volume One Acipenseriformes through Syngnathiformes Michael P. Fahay ii Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean iii Dedication This monograph is dedicated to those highly skilled larval fish illustrators whose talents and efforts have greatly facilitated the study of fish ontogeny. The works of many of those fine illustrators grace these pages. iv Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean v Preface The contents of this monograph are a revision and update of an earlier atlas describing the eggs and larvae of western Atlantic marine fishes occurring between the Scotian Shelf and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fahay, 1983). The three-fold increase in the total num- ber of species covered in the current compilation is the result of both a larger study area and a recent increase in published ontogenetic studies of fishes by many authors and students of the morphology of early stages of marine fishes. It is a tribute to the efforts of those authors that the ontogeny of greater than 70% of species known from the western North Atlantic Ocean is now well described. Michael Fahay 241 Sabino Road West Bath, Maine 04530 U.S.A. vi Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the help provided by a number of very knowledgeable friends and colleagues dur- ing the preparation of this monograph. Jon Hare undertook a painstakingly critical review of the entire monograph, corrected omissions, inconsistencies, and errors of fact, and made suggestions which markedly improved its organization and presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bony Fish Guide
    This guide will help you to complete the Bony Fish Observation Worksheet. Bony Fish Guide Fish (n.) An ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrate (with a backbone) aquatic (lives in water) animal that moves with the help of fins (limbs with no fingers or toes) and breathes with gills. This definition might seem very broad, and that is because fish are one of the most diverse groups of animals on the planet—there are a lot of fish in the sea (not to mention rivers, lakes and ponds). In fact, scientists count at least 32,000 species of fish—more than any other type of vertebrate. Fish are split into three broad classes: Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish Bony Fish (hagfish, lampreys, etc.) (sharks, rays, skates, etc.) (all other fish) This guide will focus on the Bony Fish. There are at least 28,000 species of bony fish, and they are found in almost every naturally occurring body of water on the planet. Bony fish range in size: • Largest: ocean sunfish (Mola mola), 11 feet, over 5,000 pounds • Smallest: dwarf pygmy goby (Pandaka pygmaea), ½ inch, a fraction of an ounce (This image is life size.) The following guide will help you learn more about the bony fish you can find throughout the New England Aquarium. Much of the guide is keyed to the Giant Ocean Tank, but can be applied to many kinds of fish. Even if you know nothing about fish, you can quickly learn a few things: The shape of a fish’s body, the position of its mouth and the shape of its tail can give you many clues as to its behavior and adaptations.
    [Show full text]
  • Cusk Eels, Brotulas [=Cherublemma Trotter [E
    FAMILY Ophidiidae Rafinesque, 1810 - cusk eels SUBFAMILY Ophidiinae Rafinesque, 1810 - cusk eels [=Ofidini, Otophidioidei, Lepophidiinae, Genypterinae] Notes: Ofidini Rafinesque, 1810b:38 [ref. 3595] (ordine) Ophidion [as Ophidium; latinized to Ophididae by Bonaparte 1831:162, 184 [ref. 4978] (family); stem corrected to Ophidi- by Lowe 1843:92 [ref. 2832], confirmed by Günther 1862a:317, 370 [ref. 1969], by Gill 1872:3 [ref. 26254] and by Carus 1893:578 [ref. 17975]; considered valid with this authorship by Gill 1893b:136 [ref. 26255], by Goode & Bean 1896:345 [ref. 1848], by Nolf 1985:64 [ref. 32698], by Patterson 1993:636 [ref. 32940] and by Sheiko 2013:63 [ref. 32944] Article 11.7.2; family name sometimes seen as Ophidionidae] Otophidioidei Garman, 1899:390 [ref. 1540] (no family-group name) Lepophidiinae Robins, 1961:218 [ref. 3785] (subfamily) Lepophidium Genypterinae Lea, 1980 (subfamily) Genypterus [in unpublished dissertation: Systematics and zoogeography of cusk-eels of the family Ophidiidae, subfamily Ophidiinae, from the eastern Pacific Ocean, University of Miami, not available] GENUS Cherublemma Trotter, 1926 - cusk eels, brotulas [=Cherublemma Trotter [E. S.], 1926:119, Brotuloides Robins [C. R.], 1961:214] Notes: [ref. 4466]. Neut. Cherublemma lelepris Trotter, 1926. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Cherublemma Trotter, 1926 -- (Pequeño 1989:48 [ref. 14125], Robins in Nielsen et al. 1999:27, 28 [ref. 24448], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:205 [ref. 28944]). Current status: Valid as Cherublemma Trotter, 1926. Ophidiidae: Ophidiinae. (Brotuloides) [ref. 3785]. Masc. Leptophidium emmelas Gilbert, 1890. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cherublemma Trotter, 1926 -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1993:80 [ref. 21807] based on placement of type species, Robins in Nielsen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • Barnacle Feeding Frenzy
    Science Unit: Marine Biodiversity: Global Ocean to the Salish Sea Lesson 4: Barnacle Feeding Frenzy Summary: Students observe live barnacles feeding (it’s often a wonderful surprise for students to discover that barnacles are living things!) They then conduct an inquiry and collect data to determine if barnacle feeding speed changes in two water temperatures. Lesson type: Live animal observations Grade level: Presented to grade 3; appropriate for grades K – 12 with age appropriate modifications Duration of lesson: 75 min Developed by: Jonathan Kellogg (Scientist); Andrea Teschner and Gillian Wilson-Haffenden (Teachers) Developed for: Lord Kitchener Elementary School Year: 2016-2017 Notes: Requires live barnacles from a local beach and sea water at two temperatures Connections to BC Curriculum Biodiversity in the local environment, Making observations about living things in the local environment, Collect simple data, Identify questions about familiar objects that can be investigated scientifically, Make predictions based on prior knowledge, Knowledge of local First Peoples, Use tables, simple bar graphs, or other formats to represent data and show simple patterns and trends, Compare results with predictions, suggesting possible reasons for findings. Objectives a) Observe live barnacles feeding in a cup of seawater and document these observations b) Predict and determine how barnacle behaviour changes with different seawater temperatures c) Learn how barnacles use their cirri (feet) to move water over their body when feeding Materials • Clear plastic cocktail • Small barnacle covered rocks • Drawing or Graphing paper cups (1 rock per student pair) • Small cooler to hold • Food colouring • Seawater to fill milk jugs. Allow one barnacles to warm to room temperature, but • Two 4L milk jugs keep the other in the refrigerator.
    [Show full text]