DOCSLIB.ORG

Sample Assessment Tasks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sample Assessment Tasks SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASKS MARINE AND MARITIME STUDIES GENERAL YEAR 11 Copyright © School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2014 This document – apart from any third party copyright material contained in it – may be freely copied, or communicated on an intranet, for non-commercial purposes in educational institutions, provided that the School Curriculum and Standards Authority is acknowledged as the copyright owner, and that the Authority’s moral rights are not infringed. Copying or communication for any other purpose can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act 1968 or with prior written permission of the School Curriculum and Standards Authority. Copying or communication of any third party copyright material can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act 1968 or with permission of the copyright owners. Any content in this document that has been derived from the Australian Curriculum may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Disclaimer Any resources such as texts, websites and so on that may be referred to in this document are provided as examples of resources that teachers can use to support their learning programs. Their inclusion does not imply that they are mandatory or that they are the only resources relevant to the course. 2014/18740v5 1 Sample assessment task Marine and Maritime Studies – General Year 11 Task 3 — Unit 1 Assessment type: Extended response Conditions Period allowed for completion of the task – three weeks; a combination of in-class and out-of-class time Task weighting: 2.5% of the school mark for this pair of units __________________________________________________________________________________ Marine resource management research (25 marks) Background Commercial fishing is an important contributor to the Western Australian economy. It provides direct employment for about 5 000 people, plus many more in associated industries. As well, an estimated one-third of the WA population fish recreationally. For continued commercial and recreational fishing, stocks need to be harvested sustainably. To maintain fish stocks and ensure the health of their ecosystems, management is required. What you need to do Select one of the major Western Australian fisheries (see below) to research the following questions around its management. If there is another fishery not listed that you would like to research, you may discuss this with your teacher. Focus questions Introduction (3 marks) 1. What are the common and scientific names of the marine organism/fish you have chosen? 2. Give the bioregion where the fishery is located and, on a map of Western Australia, show the area/s where the fishery is located? Strategies, recommendations and actions (15 marks) 3. What are the strategies, recommendations and suggested actions aimed at managing the fishery? Use the following to guide your discussion of the fishery’s management: • habitat conservation and rehabilitation priorities • long-term sustainability of the fishery – identify any natural, human and introduced threats to its long-term survival and actions taken to minimise these effects • selected dates or regional closure times, and identify the purpose for these times • recreational and commercial- catch quotas and specifications including minimum and maximum sizes and the return of breeding stock • any other issues associated with sustainability of the fishery. Conclusion (5 marks) 4. Provide a concluding statement, with at least three (3) points, that summarises the current sustainability of the fishery. The statement needs to provide evidence to support your conclusion as to whether the fishery is sustainable or not. Sample assessment tasks | Marine and Maritime Studies | General Year 11 2 Present your information logically using appropriate scientific language. (2 marks) The major Western Australian commercial fisheries include: • the West Coast Rock lobster • Abalone • the Exmouth Gulf Prawn • the Shark Bay Prawn, and • the Shark Bay Scallop. Other fisheries can be found on the Western Australian Department of Fisheries website (http://www.fisheries.wa.gov.au/Pages/Home.aspx). The annual The State of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Report available through the Western Australian Department of Fisheries website can be a useful resource. Sample assessment tasks | Marine and Maritime Studies| General Year 11 3 Marking key for sample assessment task 3 — Unit 1 Marks Description available Introduction /3 • common and scientific names of the chosen species identified 1 • bioregion and area/s identified on a map of WA 2 Strategies, recommendations and actions /15 • habitat conservation and rehabilitation priorities discussed 1–3 • natural, human and introduced threats to the long-term sustainability of the fishery 1–5 discussed • dates or regional closure times identified 1 • purpose for above times described 1–2 • recreational and commercial catch quotas and specifications and/or breeding-stock 1–2 returns outlined • issues about sustainability of the marine resource discussed 1–2 Conclusion /5 • concluding paragraph/s clearly indicate at least three points, with supporting evidence, 1–5 which justify the statement Layout and structure /2 • logically organised with appropriate headings and sub-headings 1 • ideas clearly expressed with appropriate use of scientific language 1 Total /25 Sample assessment tasks | Marine and Maritime Studies | General Year 11 4 Sample assessment task Marine and Maritime Studies – General Year 11 Task 4 — Unit 1 Assessment type: Science inquiry/Investigation Conditions Period allowed for completion of the task: one week for planning and setting up of experiment followed by up to two weeks to monitor progress of reaction One class lesson to finalise report Task weighting: 7% of the school mark for this pair of units __________________________________________________________________________________ Investigating the corrosion of steel (39 marks) In this task, you will research, prepare and conduct an investigation to assess the effect of salt on the corrosion of steel. Tests should be carried out to determine whether a relationship exists between the concentration of salt in water and the rate of corrosion of steel. You will be required to prepare a scientific report to summarise and explain your findings. The steps involved Phase 1 – Research and planning (individual, followed by group refinement) Phase 2 – Carrying out of experiment (group work) Phase 3 – Data processing and analysis (individual, followed by group refinement) Phase 4 – Evaluation (individual, followed by group refinement) What you need to do Research and planning (a) Initially working on your own, research background information about corrosion. Use the research questions on the Investigating the corrosion of steel worksheet to assist with your research. You need to show this to your teacher before the next step. (b) Working in your group, discuss your individual research and refine your ideas through group discussion. Each member of the group will need to submit the revised answers to the research questions. (c) Initially working on your own, complete the planning questions on the Investigating the corrosion of steel worksheet. You will be given 20 minutes of class time to do this. You need to show this to your teacher before the next step. (d) Working in your group, discuss your individual planning and refine your ideas through group discussion. Each member of the group will need to submit the revised answers to the planning questions. Sample assessment tasks | Marine and Maritime Studies| General Year 11 5 Carrying out of experiment Once your plan has been checked by the teacher, collect the equipment you need and carry out the experimental work. Processing the data and Evaluation (a) Initially working on your own, complete the data processing and analysis and evaluation questions on the Investigating the corrosion of steel worksheet. You will be given class time to do this. You need to show this to your teacher before the next step. (b) Working in your group, discuss your individual data processing and analysis and evaluation and refine your ideas through group discussion. Each member of the group will need to submit the revised answers to the data processing and analysis and evaluation questions. What you need to submit At the end of the investigation you need to submit your Investigating the corrosion of steel worksheet. Sample assessment tasks | Marine and Maritime Studies | General Year 11 6 Investigating the corrosion of steel Research sheet Student’s name: _______________________________ 1. What is steel? (1 mark) Individual ideas _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Any refinements after group discussion _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2. What is corrosion? (1 mark) Individual ideas _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Any refinements after group discussion _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hunting in Archerfish – an Ecological Perspective on a Remarkable Combination of Skills Stefan Schuster*
    © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb159723. doi:10.1242/jeb.159723 REVIEW Hunting in archerfish – an ecological perspective on a remarkable combination of skills Stefan Schuster* ABSTRACT and van Leeuwen, 2004) or mantids (Rossel, 1983)] at prey. Thus, Archerfish are well known for using jets of water to dislodge distant this Review may be of interest also to those studying non-spitting aerial prey from twigs or leaves. This Review gives a brief overview of a creatures. It should also be useful for researchers investigating number of skills that the fish need to secure prey with their shooting which properties of brains might be crucial for allowing some technique. Archerfish are opportunistic hunters and, even in the wild, species to use tools, imitate others or show insight into the tasks shoot at artificial objects to determine whether these are rewarding. demanded of them (e.g. Sol et al., 2005; Emery, 2006; Huber et al., They can detect non-moving targets and use efficient search strategies 2009; Morand-Ferron et al., 2016; Cauchoix et al., 2017; Powell with characteristics of human visual search. Their learning of how to et al., 2017; Street et al., 2017). Here, archerfish illustrate how engage targets can be remarkably efficient and can show impressive difficult it is to devise standardized tests that could compare learning ‘ ’ degrees of generalization, including learning from observation. In other and cognition across species. Such tests would require a detailed cases, however, the fish seem unable to learn and it requires some understanding of basic environmental constraints that can understanding of the ecological and biophysical constraints to sometimes be far from obvious.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of Terengganu East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia Ii Iii
    i Fishes of Terengganu East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia ii iii Edited by Mizuki Matsunuma, Hiroyuki Motomura, Keiichi Matsuura, Noor Azhar M. Shazili and Mohd Azmi Ambak Photographed by Masatoshi Meguro and Mizuki Matsunuma iv Copy Right © 2011 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima Uni- versity Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows: Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak (eds.). 2011 (Nov.). Fishes of Terengganu – east coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum, ix + 251 pages. ISBN 978-4-87803-036-9 Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface Tropical seas in Southeast Asian countries are well known for their rich fish diversity found in various environments such as beautiful coral reefs, mud flats, sandy beaches, mangroves, and estuaries around river mouths. The South China Sea is a major water body containing a large and diverse fish fauna. However, many areas of the South China Sea, particularly in Malaysia and Vietnam, have been poorly studied in terms of fish taxonomy and diversity. Local fish scientists and students have frequently faced difficulty when try- ing to identify fishes in their home countries. During the International Training Program of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (ITP of JSPS), two graduate students of Kagoshima University, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology and Ecology of Samson Fish Seriola Hippos
    The biology of Samson Fish Seriola hippos with emphasis on the sportfishery in Western Australia. By Andrew Jay Rowland This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Murdoch University 2009 DECLARATION I declare that the information contained in this thesis is the result of my own research unless otherwise cited. ……………………………………………………. Andrew Jay Rowland 2 Abstract This thesis had two overriding aims. The first was to describe the biology of Samson Fish Seriola hippos and therefore extend the knowledge and understanding of the genus Seriola. The second was to uses these data to develop strategies to better manage the fishery and, if appropriate, develop catch-and-release protocols for the S. hippos sportfishery. Trends exhibited by marginal increment analysis in the opaque zones of sectioned S. hippos otoliths, together with an otolith of a recaptured calcein injected fish, demonstrated that these opaque zones represent annual features. Thus, as with some other members of the genus, the number of opaque zones in sectioned otoliths of S. hippos are appropriate for determining age and growth parameters of this species. Seriola hippos displayed similar growth trajectories to other members of the genus. Early growth in S. hippos is rapid with this species reaching minimum legal length for retention (MML) of 600mm TL within the second year of life. After the first 5 years of life growth rates of each sex differ, with females growing faster and reaching a larger size at age than males. Thus, by 10, 15 and 20 years of age, the predicted fork lengths (and weights) for females were 1088 (17 kg), 1221 (24 kg) and 1311 mm (30 kg), respectively, compared with 1035 (15 kg), 1124 (19 kg) and 1167 mm (21 kg), respectively for males.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Signals of Prey Variability Present in the Demographic Characteristics of Crested Tern (Sterna Bergii) Populations in South Australia?
    Are signals of prey variability present in the demographic characteristics of crested tern (Sterna bergii) populations in South Australia? Final Report to the South Australian Wildlife Conservation Fund Project No 0256 Authors: L.J. McLeay1,2, *, B. Page1, S.D. Goldsworthy1 and T.M. Ward1 1 South Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences, 2 Hamra avenue West Beach. PO Box 120, Henley Beach, South Australia 5022, Australia. 2 The University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Correspondence to L.J. McLeay: tel: +61 08 8207 5439; fax: +61 08 8207 5406; Email: [email protected] SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. F2008/000964 SARDI Research Report Series No. 312 Disclaimer The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI Aquatic Sciences internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief Scientist. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. © 2008 SARDI AQUATIC SCIENCES This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the author. Authors: L.J. McLeay, B. Page, S.D. Goldsworthy and T.M. Ward Reviewers: Mr P.
    [Show full text]
  • In South Australia – Stock Structure and Adult Movement
    SPATIAL MANAGEMENT OF SOUTHERN GARFISH (HYPORHAMPHUS MELANOCHIR) IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA – STOCK STRUCTURE AND ADULT MOVEMENT MA Steer, AJ Fowler, and BM Gillanders (Editors). Final Report for the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation FRDC Project No. 2007/029 SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. F2009/000018-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 333 ISBN 9781921563089 October 2009 i Title: Spatial management of southern garfish (Hyporhamphus melanochir) in South Australia – stock structure and adult movement Editors: MA Steer, AJ Fowler, and BM Gillanders. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au DISCLAIMER The authors do not warrant that the information in this document is free from errors or omissions. The authors do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortious, or otherwise, for the contents of this document or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a readers particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the authors are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or the FRDC. © 2009 Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and SARDI Aquatic Sciences. This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices Appendices
    APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 – PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIC PAPERS Aidoo EN, Ute Mueller U, Hyndes GA, and Ryan Braccini M. 2015. Is a global quantitative KL. 2016. The effects of measurement uncertainty assessment of shark populations warranted? on spatial characterisation of recreational fishing Fisheries, 40: 492–501. catch rates. Fisheries Research 181: 1–13. Braccini M. 2016. Experts have different Andrews KR, Williams AJ, Fernandez-Silva I, perceptions of the management and conservation Newman SJ, Copus JM, Wakefield CB, Randall JE, status of sharks. Annals of Marine Biology and and Bowen BW. 2016. Phylogeny of deepwater Research 3: 1012. snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of Braccini M, Aires-da-Silva A, and Taylor I. 2016. the Atlantic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Incorporating movement in the modelling of shark Evolution 100: 361-371. and ray population dynamics: approaches and management implications. Reviews in Fish Biology Bellchambers LM, Gaughan D, Wise B, Jackson G, and Fisheries 26: 13–24. and Fletcher WJ. 2016. Adopting Marine Stewardship Council certification of Western Caputi N, de Lestang S, Reid C, Hesp A, and How J. Australian fisheries at a jurisdictional level: the 2015. Maximum economic yield of the western benefits and challenges. Fisheries Research 183: rock lobster fishery of Western Australia after 609-616. moving from effort to quota control. Marine Policy, 51: 452-464. Bellchambers LM, Fisher EA, Harry AV, and Travaille KL. 2016. Identifying potential risks for Charles A, Westlund L, Bartley DM, Fletcher WJ, Marine Stewardship Council assessment and Garcia S, Govan H, and Sanders J.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Toxotidae)
    Rec. West. Aust. Mus., 1978,6 (4) A REVIEW OF THE ARCHERFISHES (FAMILY TOXOTIDAE) GERALD R. ALLEN* [Received 16 July 1977. Aceepted 27 September 1977. Published 31 December 1978.J ABSTRACT The six species of Toxotes which constitute the fish family Toxotidae are reviewed. This group, commonly known as archerfishes, is renowned for its ability to knock down insects from overhanging vegetation with squirts of water ejected from the mouth. The habitat consists of mangrove-lined estuaries and freshwater streams of southeast Asia, northern Australia and the islands of the western Pacific in the Indonesia-New Guinea-Philippines region. A brief diagnosis, illustrations, and tables of counts are presented for each of the following species (approximate distributions indicated in parentheses): blythi (Burma), chatareus (widespread from India eastward to northern Australia and New Guinea), jaculator (widespread from India to the New Hebrides), lorentzi (northern Australia and New Guinea), microlepis (Thailand, Sumatra, and Borneo), oligolepis (eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, and northern Australia). A generic diagnosis and key to the species are also provided. INTRODUCfION The perciform family Toxotidae is comprised of a single genus, Toxotes, which contains six species: T. blythi Boulenger, T. chatareus (Hamilton), T. jaculator (Pallas), T. lorentzi Weber, T. microlepis Gunther, and T. oligolepis Bleeker. These fishes exhibit one of nature's most remarkable feeding adaptations which has been the subject of papers by Zolotnisky (1902), Gill (1909), Smith (1936 and 1945), and AlIen (1973). When suitable prey, usually a small insect, is sighted the fish rises to the surface and ejects an aqueous 'bullet' by forcefully compressing the gill covers, thus propelling a jet of water from the mouth.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Fishes of Sydney Harbour 2019
    Table of Fishes of Sydney Harbour 2019 Family Family/Com Species Species Common Notes mon Name Name Acanthuridae Surgeonfishe Acanthurus Eyestripe close s dussumieri Surgeonfish to southern li mit Acanthuridae Acanthurus Orangebloch close to olivaceus Surgeonfish southern limit Acanthuridae Acanthurus Convict close to triostegus Surgeonfish southern limit Acanthuridae Acanthurus Yellowmask xanthopterus Surgeonfish Acanthuridae Paracanthurus Blue Tang not included hepatus in species count Acanthuridae Prionurus Spotted Sawtail maculatus Acanthuridae Prionurus Australian Sawtail microlepidotus Ambassidae Glassfishes Ambassis Port Jackson jacksoniensis glassfish Ambassidae Ambassis marianus Estuary Glassfish Anguillidae Freshwater Anguilla australis Shortfin Eel Eels Anguillidae Anguilla reinhardtii Longfinned Eel Antennariidae Anglerfishes Antennarius Freckled Anglerfish southern limit coccineus Antennariidae Antennarius Giant Anglerfish close to commerson southen limit Antennariidae Antennarius Shaggy Anglerfish southern limit hispidus Antennariidae Antennarius pictus Painted Anglerfish Antennariidae Antennarius striatus Striate Anglerfish Table of Fishes of Sydney Harbour 2019 Antennariidae Histrio histrio Sargassum close to Anglerfish southen limit Antennariidae Porophryne Red-fingered erythrodactylus Anglerfish Aploactinidae Velvetfishes Aploactisoma Southern Velvetfish milesii Aploactinidae Cocotropus Patchwork microps Velvetfish Aploactinidae Paraploactis Bearded Velvetfish trachyderma Aplodactylidae Seacarps Aplodactylus Rock Cale
    [Show full text]
  • Archerfish Use Their Shooting Technique to Produce Adaptive Underwater Jets Jana Dewenter*, Peggy Gerullis*, Alexander Hecker and Stefan Schuster‡
    © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 1019-1025 doi:10.1242/jeb.146936 RESEARCH ARTICLE Archerfish use their shooting technique to produce adaptive underwater jets Jana Dewenter*, Peggy Gerullis*, Alexander Hecker and Stefan Schuster‡ ABSTRACT related to the fish using their mouth as an ‘active muzzle’, i.e. a Archerfish are renowned for dislodging aerial prey using well-aimed muzzle of continuously changing cross-section that opens slowly shots of water. Recently it has been shown that these fish can shape (compared with the duration of the shot) and starts closing as the their aerial jets by adjusting the dynamics of their mouth opening and jet is just being formed. By adjusting the dynamics of the opening closing. This allows the fish to adjust their jet to target distance so that and closing phases, the fish modify lifetime and time of focus of they can forcefully hit prey over considerable distances. Here, we their water jets to adjust them to the target distance. The suggest that archerfish use the same technique to also actively relationship between the effective target range and the timing control jets under water. Fired from close range, the underwater jets precision required to adjust the opening and closing maneuvers are are powerful enough to lift up buried food particles, which the fish then remarkably similar to that in human throwing. In this celebrated ‘ ’ can pick up. We trained fish so that we could monitor their mouth uniquely human maneuver, precise temporal control of the opening and closing maneuvers during underwater shooting and release of the projectile is the key to the ability to forcefully hit compare them with those employed in aerial shooting.
    [Show full text]
  • Spitting Success and Accuracy in Archer Fishes Toxotes Chatareus (Hamilton, 1822) and Toxotes Jaculatrix (Pallas, 1767)
    Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(7), pp. 1627-1633, 4 April, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE ISSN 1992-2248 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Spitting success and accuracy in archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton, 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas, 1767) K. D. Simon1, Y. Bakar2, S. E. Temple3 and A. G. Mazlan4* 1Marine Science Programme, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D. E., Malaysia. 2Biology Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D. E., Malaysia. 3School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia. 4Marine Ecosystem Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia. Accepted 16 February, 2011 Spitting success and accuracy of two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix were studied to determine whether spitting success and accuracy rate varied with height and/ or group size. Overall, individuals of both species exhibited greater spitting success rate when alone than in a group. Greatest spitting success was observed in T. jaculatrix (29.87%) when alone followed by T. chatareus (27.55%), while lowest spitting success (14.88%) was observed for the average of all individuals in a group of two T. chatareus and two T. jaculatrix. Based on spitting accuracy categories right side high (RH), right side low (RL) and left side high (LH) showed no significant differences among the test groups. Key words: Archer fish, Toxotidae, prey catching, mangrove vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxotes Kimberleyensis, a New Species of Archerfish (Pisces: Toxotidae) from Fresh Waters of Western Australia
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2004 Records of the Australian Museum (2004) Vol. 56: 225–230. ISSN 0067-1975 Toxotes kimberleyensis, a New Species of Archerfish (Pisces: Toxotidae) from Fresh Waters of Western Australia GERALD R. ALLEN Department of Aquatic Vertebrates, Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth WA 6000, Australia Conservation International, 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America [email protected] ABSTRACT. Toxotes kimberleyensis n.sp. is described from 22 specimens, 52.5–126.3 mm SL, collected from freshwater streams in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. It was previously identified as Toxotes oligolepis Bleeker, a poorly known species from Indonesia. However, re-examination of Bleeker’s type specimen indicates significant differences between the two species relating to the length of the dorsal spines, and lateral-line scale count. A key to the seven species of Toxotes is provided. ALLEN, GERALD R., 2004. Toxotes kimberleyensis, a new species of archerfish (Pisces: Toxotidae) from fresh waters of Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56(2): 225–230. The perciform family Toxotidae is well known for its ability the Western Australia in 2001 revealed additional significant to shoot down insects from overhanging vegetation with a differences. Therefore, it is concluded that the population jet of water squirted from the mouth. The family contains a from Western Australia is a distinct new species, which is single genus, Toxotes, which ranges from India to Vanuatu, described herein. and northern Australia to the Philippines. These fishes are common inhabitants of mangrove-lined estuaries and Materials and methods freshwater streams.
    [Show full text]