Federal Communications Commission § 87.131
which it serves, or any additional iden- § 87.109 Station logs. tification required. An aeronautical A station at a fixed location in the enroute station which is part of a international aeronautical mobile serv- multistation network may also be ice must maintain a written or auto- identified by the location of its control matic log in accordance with Para- point. graph 3.5, Volume II, Annex 10 of the (c) Survival craft station. Identify by ICAO Convention. transmitting a reference to its parent aircraft. No identification is required § 87.111 Suspension or discontinuance when distress signals are transmitted of operation. automatically. Transmissions other The licensee of any airport control than distress or emergency signals, tower station or radionavigation land such as equipment testing or adjust- station must notify the nearest FAA ment, must be identified by the call regional office upon the temporary sus- sign or by the registration marking of pension or permanent discontinuance the parent aircraft followed by a single of the station. The FAA center must be digit other than 0 or 1. notified again when service resumes. (d) Exempted station. The following [54 FR 11720, Mar. 22, 1989] types of stations are exempted from the use of a call sign: Airborne weather Subpart D—Technical radar, radio altimeter, air traffic con- Requirements trol transponder, distance measuring equipment, collision avoidance equip- § 87.131 Power and emissions. ment, racon, radio relay, radio- The following table lists authorized navigation land test station (MTF), emissions and maximum power. Power and automatically controlled aero- must be determined by direct measure- nautical enroute stations. ment.
Frequency band/ 9 1 Class of station frequency Authorized emission(s) Maximum power
Aeronautical advisory ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 10 watts.10 Aeronautical multicom ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 10 watts. Aeronautical enroute and aeronautical HF ...... R3E, H3E, J3E, J7B, H2B ...... 6 kw. fixed. HF ...... A1A, F1B, J2A, J2B ...... 1.5 kw. VHF ...... A3E, A9W ...... 200 watts.2 Aeronautical search and rescue ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 10 watts. HF ...... R3E, H3E, J3E ...... 100 watts. Operational fixed ...... VHF ...... G3E, F2D ...... 30 watts. Flight test land ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 200 watts. UHF ...... F2D, F9D, F7D ...... 25 watts.3 HF ...... H2B, J3E, J7D, J9W ...... 6.0 kw. Aviation support ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 50 watts. Airport control tower ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 50 watts. Below 400 kHz .... A3E ...... 15 watts. Aeronautical utility mobile ...... VHF ...... A3E ...... 10 watts. Radionavigation land test ...... 108.150 MHz ...... A9W ...... 1 milliwatt. 334.550 MHz ...... A1N ...... 1 milliwatt. Other VHF ...... M1A, XXA, A1A, A1N, A2A, A2D, A9W ... 1 watt. Other UHF ...... M1A, XXA, A1A, A1N, A2A, A2D, A9W ... 1 watt. 5031.0 MHz ...... F7D ...... 1 watt. Radionavigation land ...... Various 4 ...... Various 4 ...... Various.4
Aeronautical Frequencies
Aircraft (Communication) ...... UHF ...... F2D, F9D, F7D ...... 25 watts. VHF ...... A3E, A9W ...... 55 watts. HF ...... R3E, H3E, J3E, J7B, H2B, J7D, J9W ...... 400 watts. HF ...... A1A, F1B, J2A, J2B ...... 100 watts.
Marine Frequencies 5
156.300 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 156.375 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts.
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Frequency band/ 9 1 Class of station frequency Authorized emission(s) Maximum power
156.400 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 156.425 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 156.450 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 156.625 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 156.800 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 156.900 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. 157.425 MHz ...... G3E ...... 5 watts. HF 6 ...... R3E, H3E, J3E, J2B, F1B, A3E ...... 1000 watts. 250 watts. MF 6 ...... R3E, H3E, J3E, J2B, F1B ...... 1000 watts. HF 6 ...... A3E ...... 250 watts. (Radionavigation) ...... Various 7 ...... Various 7 ...... Various.7 Aircraft earth ...... UHF ...... G1D, G1E, G1W ...... 60 watts.8 Differential GPS ...... VHF ...... G7D ...... Various.2 1 The power is measured at the transmitter output terminals and the type of power is determined according to the emission designator as follows: (i) Mean power (pY) for amplitude modulated emissions and transmitting both sidebands using unmodulated full carrier. (ii) Peak envelope power (pX) for all emission designators other than those referred to in paragraph (i) of this note. 2 Power and antenna height are restricted to the minimum necessary to achieve the required service. 3 Transmitter power may be increased to overcome line and duplexer losses but must not exceed 25 watts delivered to the an- tenna. 4 Frequency, emission, and maximum power will be determined after coordination with appropriate Government agencies. 5 To be used with airborne marine equipment certificated for part 80 (ship) and used in accordance with part 87. 6 Applicable onIy to marine frequencies used for public correspondence. 7 Frequency, emission, and maximum power will be determined by appropriate standards during the certification process. 8 Power may not exceed 60 watts per carrier. The maximum EIRP may not exceed 2000 watts per carrier. 9 Excludes automatic link establishment. 10 Power is limited to 0.5 watt, but may not exceed 2 watts when station is used in an automatic unattended mode. [54 FR 11720, Mar. 22, 1989, as amended at 57 FR 45749, Oct. 5, 1992; 62 FR 40308, July 28, 1997; 63 FR 36607, July 7, 1998; 64 FR 27474, May 20, 1999]
§ 87.133 Frequency stability. Frequency band (lower limit exclu- Toler- 2 sive, upper limit inclusive), and cat- 1 Tolerance (a) Except as provided in paragraphs egories of stations ance (c), (d), and (f) of this section, the car- Survival craft stations on 8364 kHz 200 50 Hz 3 rier frequency of each station must be (4) Band-29.7 to 100 MHz: maintained within these tolerances: Aeronautical fixed stations: Power 200 W or less ...... 50 Power above 200 W ...... 30 Frequency band (lower limit exclu- Toler- sive, upper limit inclusive), and cat- Tolerance 2 ance 1 Power 50 W or less ...... 30 egories of stations Power above 50 W ...... 20 Operational fixed stations: (1) Band-9 to 535 kHz: 73±74.6 MHz (Power 50 W or 50 30 Aeronautical stations ...... 100 100 less). Aircraft stations ...... 200 100 73±74.6 MHz (Power above 50 20 20 3 Survival craft stations on 500 kHz 5,000 20 Hz W). Radionavigation stations ...... 100 100 72±73.0 MHz and 75.4±76.0 55 (2) Band-1605 to 4000 kHz: MHz. Aeronautical fixed stations: Radionavigation stations ...... 100 50 Power 200 W or less ...... 100 100 8 (5) Band-100 to 137 MHz: Power above 200 W ...... 50 50 8 Aeronautical stations ...... 4 50 20 Aeronautical stations: Emergency locator transmitter test 50 50 Power 200 W or less ...... 100 7 100 7, 8 stations. Power above 200 W ...... 50 7 50 7, 8 Survival craft stations on 121.5 50 50 Aircraft stations ...... 100 7 100 7 MHz. Survival craft stations on 2182 kHz 200 20 Hz 3 (3) Band-4 to 29.7 MHz: Emergency locator stations ...... 50 50 5 10 Aeronautical fixed stations: Aircraft and other mobile stations 50 30 Power 500 W or less ...... 50 in the Aviation Services. Power above 500 W ...... 15 Radionavigation stations ...... 20 20 Single-sideband and Independent- Differential GPS ...... 2 sideband emission: (6) Band-137 to 470MHz: Power 500 W or less ...... 50 Hz Aeronautical stations ...... 50 20 Power above 500 W ...... 20 Hz Survival craft stations on 243 MHz 50 50 Class F1B emissions ...... 10 Hz Aircraft stations ...... 50 5 30 10 Other classes of emission: Radionavigation stations ...... 50 50 Power 500 W or less ...... 20 Emergency locator transmitters on N/A 5 Power above 500 W ...... 10 406 MHz. Aeronautical stations: (7) Band-470 to 2450 MHz: Power 500 W or less ...... 7 100 100 7 Aeronautical stations ...... 100 20 Power above 500 W ...... 7 50 50 7 Aircraft stations ...... 100 20 Aircraft stations ...... 7 100 100 7 Aircraft earth station ...... 320 Hz 11
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Frequency band (lower limit exclu- frequency at which maximum emission Toler- 2 sive, upper limit inclusive), and cat- 1 Tolerance occurs must be within the authorized egories of stations ance frequency band and must not be closer Radionavigation stations: than 1.5/T MHz to the upper and lower 470±960 MHz ...... 500 500 limits of the authorized bandwidth, 960±1215 MHz ...... 20 20 1215±2450 MHz ...... 500 500 where T is the pulse duration in micro- (8) Band-2450 to 10500 MHz: seconds. Radionavigation stations ...... 6, 9 1250 1250 6, 9 (e) The Commission may authorize (9) Band-10.5 GHz to 40 GHz: Radionavigation stations ...... 5000 5000 tolerances other than those specified in this section upon a satisfactory show- 1 This tolerance is the maximum permitted until January 1, 1990, for transmitters installed before January 2, 1985, and ing of need. used at the same installation. Tolerance is indicated in parts (f) The carrier frequency tolerance of in 10 6 unless shown as Hertz (Hz). 2 This tolerance is the maximum permitted after January 1, transmitters operating in the 1435–1535 1985 for new and replacement transmitters and to all transmit- MHz and 2310–2390 MHz bands manufac- ters after January 1, 1990. Tolerance is indicated in parts in 10 6 unless shown as Hertz (Hz). tured before January 2, 1985, is 0.003 3 For transmitters first approved after November 30, 1977. percent. The carrier frequency toler- 4 The tolerance for transmitters approved between January 1, 1966, and January 1, 1974, is 30 parts in 10 6. The toler- ance of transmitters operating in the ance for transmitters approved after January 1, 1974, and sta- 1435–1535 MHz and 2310–2390 MHz bands tions using offset carrier techniques is 20 parts in 10 6. 5 The tolerance for transmitters approved after January 1, manufactured after January 1, 1985, is 1974, is 30 parts in 10 6. 0.002 percent. After January 1, 1990, the 6 In the 5000 to 5250 MHz band, the FAA requires a toler- ance of ±10 kHz for Microwave Landing System stations carrier frequency tolerance of all which are to be a part of the National Airspace System (FAR transmitters operating in the 1435–1535 171). 7 For single-sideband transmitters operating in the fre- MHz and 2310–2390 MHz bands is 0.002 quency bands 1605±4000 kHz and 4±29.7 MHz which are al- percent. located exclusively to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service, the tolerance is: Aeronautical stations, 10 Hz; aircraft stations, 20 [53 FR 28940, Aug. 1, 1988, as amended at 56 Hz. 8 For single-sideband radiotelephone transmitters the toler- FR 38084, Aug. 12, 1991; 57 FR 45749, Oct. 5, ance is: In the bands 1605±4000 kHz and 4±29.7 MHz for 1992; 58 FR 31027, May 26, 1993; 63 FR 36607, peak envelope powers of 200 W or less and 500 W or less, July 7, 1998; 64 FR 27474, May 20, 1999] respectively, 50 Hz; in the bands 1605±4000 kHz and 4±29.7 MHz for peak envelope powers above 200 W and 500 W, re- spectively, 20 Hz. § 87.135 Bandwidth of emission. 9 Where specific frequencies are not assigned to radar sta- tions, the bandwidth occupied by the emissions of such sta- (a) Occupied bandwidth is the width tions must be maintained within the band allocated to the service and the indicated tolerance does not apply. of a frequency band such that, below 10 Until January 1, 1997, the maximum frequency tolerance the lower and above the upper fre- for transmitters with 50 kHz channel spacing installed before January 2, 1985, is 50 parts in 10 6. quency limits, the mean powers emit- 11 For purposes of certification, a tolerance of 160 Hz ap- ted are each equal to 0.5 percent of the plies to the reference oscillator of the AES transmitter. This is a bench test. total mean power of a given emission. (b) The authorized bandwidth is the (b) The power shown in paragraph (a) maximum occupied bandwidth author- of this section is the peak envelope ized to be used by a station. power for single-sideband transmitters (c) The necessary bandwidth for a and the mean power for all other trans- given class of emission is the width of mitters. the frequency band which is just suffi- (c) For single-sideband transmitters, cient to ensure the transmission of in- the tolerance is: formation at the rate and with the (1) All aeronautical stations on land quality required under specified condi- other than Civil Air Patrol...... 10 Hz tions. (2) All aircraft stations other than Civil Air Patrol...... 20 Hz § 87.137 Types of emission. (3) Civil Air Patrol Stations ...... 50 Hz (a) The assignable emissions, cor- (d) For radar transmitters, except responding emission designators and non-pulse signal radio altimeters, the authorized bandwidths are as follows:
Authorized bandwidth (kilohertz)
Emission desig- Fre- Class of emission nator quen- Below 50 Above 50 cy de- MHz MHz vi- ation
A1A 1 ...... 100HA1A 0.25
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Authorized bandwidth (kilohertz) Fre- Class of emission Emission desig- quen- nator Below 50 Above 50 cy de- MHz MHz vi- ation
A1N ...... 300HA1N 0.75 A2A ...... 2K04A2A 2.74 50 A2D ...... 6K0A2D 50 A2D 5 ...... 13K0A2D 50 A3E 2 ...... 6K00A3E 3 50 A3E ...... 3K20A3E 15 15 25 A3X 4 ...... 3K20A3X 25 A9W 5 ...... 13K0A9W 25 F1B 1 ...... 1K70F1B 1.7 F1B 1 ...... 2K40F1B 2.5 F2D ...... 5M0F2D (9) F3E 6 ...... 16K0F3E 20 5 F3E 7 ...... 36K0F3E 40 15 F7D 8 ...... 5M0F7D (9) F9D ...... 5M0F9D (9) G1D ...... 16K0G1D 20kHz G1D 16 ...... 21K0G1D 25 G1E 16 ...... 21K0G1E 25 G1W 16 ...... 21K0G1W 25 G3E 6 ...... 16K0G3E 20 5 G7D ...... 14K0G7D 25 H2B 10 11 ...... 2K80H2B 3.0 H3E 11 12 ...... 2K80H3E 3.0 J2A 1 ...... 100HJ2A 0.25 J2B 1 ...... 1K70J2B 1.7 2K40J2B 2.5 J3E 11 12 ...... 2K80J3E 3.0 J7B 11 ...... 2K80J7B 3.0 J7D ...... 5M0J7D (9) J9W 11 ...... 2K80J9W 3.0 M1A ...... 620HM1A NON ...... NON None 15 PON 13 ...... (9)(9) R3E 11 12 ...... 2K80R3E 3.0 XXA 14 ...... 1K12XXA 2.74
NOTES: 1 A1A, F1B, J2A and J2B are permitted provided they do not cause harmful interference to H2B, J3E, J7B and J9W. 2 For use with an authorized bandwidth of 8.0 kilohertz at radiobeacon stations. A3E will not be authorized: (i) At existing radiobeacon stations that are not authorized to use A3 and at new radiobeacon stations unless specifically rec- ommended by the FAA for safety purposes. (ii) At existing radiobeacon stations currently authorized to use A3, subsequent to January 1, 1990, unless specifically rec- ommended by the FAA for safety purposes. 3 In the band 117.975±136 MHz, the authorized bandwidth is 25 kHz for transmitters approved after January 1, 1974. 4 Applicable only to Survival Craft Stations and to the emergency locator transmitters and emergency locator transmitter test stations employing modulation in accordance with that specified in § 87.141 of the Rules. The specified bandwidth and modula- tion requirements shall apply to emergency locator transmitters for which approval is granted after October 21, 1973. 5 This emission may be authorized for audio frequency shift keying and phase shift keying for digital data links on any fre- quency listed in § 87.263(a)(1), § 87.263(a)(3) or § 87.263(a)(5). 13K0A2D emission may be authorized on frequencies not used for voice communications. If the channel is used for voice communications, 13K0A9W emission may be authorized, provided the data is multiplexed on the voice carrier without derogating voice communications. 6 Applicable to operational fixed stations in the bands 72.0±73.0 MHz and 75.4±76.0 MHz and to CAP stations using F3 on 143.900 MHz and 148.150 MHz. 7 Applicable to operational fixed stations presently authorized in the band 73.0±74.6 MHz. 8 The authorized bandwidth is equal to the necessary bandwidth for frequency or digitally modulated transmitters used in aero- nautical telemetering and associated aeronautical telemetry or telecommand stations operating in the 1435±1535 MHz and 2310±2390 MHz bands. The necessary bandwidth must be computed in accordance with part 2 of this chapter. 9 To be specified on license. 10 H2B must be used by stations employing digital selective calling. 11 For A1A, F1B and single sideband emissions, except H2B, the assigned frequency must be 1400 Hz above the carrier fre- quency. 12 R3E, H3E, and J3E will be authorized only below 25000 kHz. Only H2B, J3E, J7B, and J9W are authorized, except that A3E and H3E may be used only on 3023 kHz and 5680 kHz for search and rescue operations. 13 The letters ``K, L, M, Q, V, W, and X'' may also be used in place of the letter ``P'' for pulsed radars. 14 Authorized for use at radiobeacon stations. 15 Applicable only to transmitters of survival craft stations, emergency locator transmitter stations and emergency locator trans- mitter test stations approved after October 21, 1973. 16 Authorized for use by aircraft earth stations. Lower values of necessary and authorized bandwidth are permitted.
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(b) For other emissions, an applicant (2) When the frequency is removed must determine the emission desig- from the assigned frequency by more nator by using part 2 of this chapter. than 150 percent up to and including 250 (c) A license to use radiotelephony percent of the authorized bandwidth of includes the use of tone signals or sig- 4.0 kHz, the attenuation must be at naling devices whose sole function is to least 35 dB. establish or maintain voice commu- (3) When the frequency is removed nications. from the assigned frequency by more than 250 percent of the authorized [53 FR 28940, Aug. 1, 1988, as amended at 55 FR 7333, Mar. 1, 1990; 55 FR 13535, Apr. 11, bandwidth of 4.0 kHz for aircraft sta- 1990; 55 FR 28627, July 12, 1990; 56 FR 11518, tion transmitters the attenuation must Mar. 19, 1991; 57 FR 45749, Oct. 5, 1992; 58 FR be at least 40 dB; and for aeronautical 30127, May 26, 1993; 63 FR 36607, July 7, 1998; station transmitters the attenuation 63 FR 68957, Dec. 14, 1998; 64 FR 27475, May 20, must be at least 43 + 10 log10 pY dB. 1999] (c) For aircraft station transmitters first installed after February 1, 1983, § 87.139 Emission limitations. and for aeronautical station transmit- (a) Except for ELTs and when using ters in use after February 1, 1983, and single sideband (R3E, H3E, J3E), or fre- using H2B, H3E, J3E, J7B or J9W, the quency modulation (F9) or digital mod- peak envelope power of any emissions ulation (F9Y) for telemetry or tele- must be attenuated below the peak en- command in the frequency bands 1435– velope power of the transmitter (pX) as 1535 MHz and 2310–2390 MHz or digital follows: modulation (G7D) for differential GPS, (1) When the frequency is removed the mean power of any emission must from the assigned frequency by more be attenuated below the mean power of than 50 percent up to and including 150 the transmitter (pY) as follows: percent of the authorized bandwidth of (1) When the frequency is removed 3.0 kHz, the attenuation must be at from the assigned frequency by more least 30 dB. than 50 percent up to and including 100 (2) When the frequency is removed percent of the authorized bandwidth from the assigned frequency by more the attenuation must be at least 25 dB; than 150 percent up to and including 250 (2) When the frequency is removed percent of the authorized bandwidth of from the assigned frequency by more 3.0 kHz, the attenuation must be at than 100 percent up to and including 250 least 38 dB. percent of the authorized bandwidth (3) When the frequency is removed the attenuation must be at least 35 dB. from the assigned frequency by more (3) When the frequency is removed than 250 percent of the authorized from the assigned frequency by more bandwidth of 3.0 kHz for aircraft trans- than 250 percent of the authorized mitters the attenuation must be at bandwidth the attenuation for aircraft least 43 dB. For aeronautical station station transmitters must be at least transmitters with transmitter power 40 dB; and the attenuation for aero- up to and including 50 watts the at- nautical station transmitters must be tenuation must be at least 43 + 10 log10 at least 43 + 10 log10 pY dB. pX dB and with transmitter power (b) For aircraft station transmitters more than 50 watts the attenuation and for aeronautical station transmit- must be at least 60 dB. ters first installed before February 1, (d) Except for telemetry in the 1435– 1983, and using H2B, H3E, J3E, J7B or 1535 MHz band, when the frequency is J9W, the mean power of any emissions removed from the assigned frequency must be attenuated below the mean by more than 250 percent of the author- power of the transmitter (pY) as fol- ized bandwidth for aircraft stations lows: above 30 MHz and all ground stations (1) When the frequency is removed the attenuation must be at least 43+10 from the assigned frequency by more log10 pY dB. than 50 percent up to and including 150 (e) When using frequency modulation percent of the authorized bandwidth of or digital modulation for telemetry or 4.0 kHz, the attenuation must be at telecommand in the 1435–1535 MHz and least 25 dB. 2310–2390 MHz frequency bands with an
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authorized bandwidth equal to or less bandwidth the attenuation must be at than 1 MHz the emissions must be at- least 30 dB. tenuated as follows: (i) In case of conflict with other pro- (1) On any frequency removed from visions of § 87.139, the provisions of this the assigned frequency by more than paragraph shall govern for aircraft 100 percent of the authorized band- earth stations. When using G1D, G1E, width up to and including 100 percent or G1W emissions in the 1646.5–1660.5 plus 0.5 MHz, the attenuation must be MHz frequency band, the emissions at least 60 dB, when measured in a 3.0 must be attenuated as shown below. kHz bandwidth. This signal need not be (1) At rated output power, while attenuated more than 25 dB below 1 transmitting a modulated single car- milliwatt. rier, the composite spurious and noise output shall be attenuated below the (2) On any frequency removed from mean power of the transmitter, pY, by the assigned frequency by more than at least: 100 percent of the authorized band-
width plus 0.5 MHz, the attenuation Frequency 1 (MHz) Attenuation (dB) must be at least 55 + 10 log10 pY dB
when measured in a 3.0 kHz bandwidth. .005±1559 83 or (65+10 log10 pY), whichever is greater. 2 (f) When using frequency modulation 1559±18000 55 or (37+10 log10 pY) , whichever is great- or digital modulation for telemetry or er. telecommand in the 1435–1535 MHz or 1 These values are expressed in dB below the carrier ref- erenced to a 4 kHz bandwidth and relative to the maximum 2310–2390 MHz frequency bands with an emission envelope level. authorized bandwidth greater than 1 2 Excluding the frequency band of +/¥35 kHz or +/¥4.00 x the symbol rate (SR), about the carrier frequency, whichever MHz, the emissions must be attenuated is the greater exclusion. as follows: (2) For transmitters rated at 60 watts (1) On any frequency removed from or less: the assigned frequency by more than 50 When transmitting two unmodulated percent of the authorized bandwidth carriers, each 3 dB below the rated plus 0.5 MHz up to and including 50 per- power, the mean power of any inter- cent of the authorized bandwidth plus modulation products must be at least 1.0 MHz, the attenuation must be 60 dB, 24 dB below the mean power of either when measured in a 3.0 kHz bandwidth. carrier. The signal need not be attenuated (3) The transmitter emission limit is more than 25 dB below 1 milliwatt. a function of the modulation type and (2) On any frequency removed from symbol rate (SR). Symbol Rate is ex- the assigned frequency by more than 50 pressed in symbols per second. percent of the authorized bandwidth (4) While transmitting a single modu- plus 1.0 MHz, the attenuation must be lated signal at the rated output power at least 55 + 10 log10 pY dB, when meas- of the transmitter, the emissions must ured in a 3.0 kHz bandwidth. be attenuated below the maximum (g) The requirements of paragraphs emission level by at least: (e) and (f) of this section apply to Attenu- transmitters approved after January 1, Frequency Offset (normalized to SR) ation 1977, and to all transmitters first in- (dB) stalled after January 1, 1983. +/¥0.75 x SR ...... 0 (h) For ELTs operating on 121.500 +/¥1.40 x SR ...... 20 MHz, 243.000 MHz and 406.025 MHz the +/¥2.80 x SR ...... 40 +/¥4.00 x SR or +/¥35 kHz ...... Fm mean power of any emission must be Whichever is greater. attenuated below the mean power of the transmitter (pY) as follows: Where:
(1) When the frequency is moved from Fm = 55 or (37+10log10 pY), whichever is great- the assigned frequency by more than 50 er percent up to and including 100 percent SR = Symbol Rate of the authorized bandwidth the at- SR = 1 x channel rate for BPSK tenuation must be at least 25 dB; SR = 0.5 x channel rate for QPSK (2) When the frequency is removed The mask shall be defined by drawing from the assigned frequency my more straight lines through the above than 100 percent of the authorized points.
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(j) When using G7D for differential in kilohertz. Above 15 kHz, the attenu- GPS in the 112–118 MHz band, the ation must be at least 28 db greater amount of power during transmission than the attenuation at 1 kHz. under all operating conditions when (g) Except that symmetric side bands measured over a 25 kHz bandwidth cen- are not required, the modulation char- tered on either of the second adjacent acteristics for ELTs must be in accord- channels shall not exceed ¥25 dBm and ance with specifications contained in shall decrease 5 dB per octave until the Federal Aviation Administration ¥ 52 dBm. (FAA) Technical Standard Order (TSO) [53 FR 28940, Aug. 1, 1988, as amended at 56 Document TSO–C91a titled ‘‘Emer- FR 11518, Mar. 19, 1991; 57 FR 45749, Oct. 5, gency Locator Transmitter (ELT) 1992; 58 FR 30127, May 26, 1993; 58 FR 67695, Equipment’’ dated April 29, 1985. TSO– Dec. 22, 1993; 59 FR 35269, July 11, 1994; 63 FR C91a is incorporated by reference in ac- 36607, July 7, 1998; 64 FR 27475, May 20, 1999] cordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a). TSO–C91a § 87.141 Modulation requirements. may be obtained from the Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation (a) When A3E emission is used, the Administration, Office of Airworthi- modulation percentage must not ex- ness, 800 Independence Avenue SW., ceed 100 percent. This requirement does Washington DC 20591. not apply to emergency locator trans- mitters or survival craft transmitters. (h) ELTs must use A3X emission and (b) A double sideband full carrier am- may use A3E or NON emissions on an plitude modulated radiotelephone optional basis while transmitting. transmitter with rated carrier power Each transmission of a synthesized or output exceeding 10 watts must be ca- recorded voice message from an ELT pable of automatically preventing must be preceded by the words ‘‘this is modulation in excess of 100 percent. a recording’’; transmission of A3E or (c) If any licensed radiotelephone NON emission must not exceed 90 sec- transmitter causes harmful inter- onds; and any transmission of A3E or ference to any authorized radio service NON emissions must be followed by at because of excessive modulation, the least three minutes of A3X emission. Commission will require the use of the (i) ELTs manufactured on or after transmitter to be discontinued until it October 1, 1988, must have a clearly de- is rendered capable of automatically fined carrier frequency distinct from preventing modulation in excess of 100 the modulation sidebands for the man- percent. datory emission, A3X, and, if used, the (d) Single sideband transmitters A3E or NON emissions. On 121.500 MHz must be able to operate in the fol- at least thirty per cent of the total lowing modes: power emitted during any transmission cycle with or without modulation must Level N(dB) of the carrier Carrier mode with respect to peak enve- be contained within plus or minus 30 lope power Hz of the carrier frequency. On 243.000 Full carrier (H3E) ...... O>N>±6. MHz at least thirty percent of the total Suppressed carrier (J3E) ...... Aircraft stations N<±26´ power emitted during any transmission Aeronautical stations cycle with or without modulation must N<±40. be contained within plus or minus 60 (e) Each frequency modulated trans- Hz of the carrier frequency. Addition- mitter operating in the band 72.0–76.0 ally, if the type of emission is changed MHz must have a modulation limiter. during transmission, the carrier fre- (f) Each frequency modulated trans- quency must not shift more than plus mitter equipped with a modulation or minus 30 Hz on 121.500 MHz and not limiter must have a low pass filter be- more than plus or minus 60Hz on 243.000 tween the modulation limiter and the MHz. The long term stability of the modulated stage. At audio frequencies carrier frequency must comply with between 3 kHz and 15 kHz, the filter the requirements in § 87.133 of this part. must have an attenuation greater than (j) Transmitters used at Aircraft the attenuation at 1 kHz by at least 40 earth stations must employ BPSK for log10 (f/3) db where ‘‘f’’ is the frequency transmission rates up to and including 209
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2400 bits per second, and QPSK for § 87.145 Acceptability of transmitters higher rates. for licensing. [53 FR 28940, Aug. 1, 1988, as amended at 54 (a) Each transmitter must be certifi- FR 11721, Mar. 22, 1989; 56 FR 11518, Mar. 19, cated for use in these services, except 1991; 57 FR 45749, Oct. 5, 1992] as listed in paragraph (c) of this sec- tion. However, aircraft stations which § 87.143 Transmitter control require- transmit on maritime mobile fre- ments. quencies must use transmitters certifi- (a) Each transmitter must be in- cated for use in ship stations in accord- stalled so that it is not accessible to, ance with part 80 of this chapter. Cer- or capable of being operated by persons tification under part 80 is not required other than those authorized by the li- for aircraft earth stations transmitting censee. on maritime mobile-satellite fre- (b) Each station must be provided quencies. Such stations must be certifi- with a control point at the location of cated under part 87. the transmitting equipment, unless (b) Some radio equipment installed otherwise specifically authorized. Ex- on air carrier aircraft must meet the cept for aeronautical enroute stations requirements of the Commission and governed by paragraph (e) of this sec- the requirements of the FAA. The FAA tion, a control point is the location at requirements may be obtained from the which the radio operator is stationed. FAA, Aircraft Maintenance Division, It is the position at which the trans- 800 Independence Ave., SW., Wash- mitter(s) can immediately be turned ington, DC 20591. off. (c) The equipment listed below is ex- (c) Applicants for additional control empted from certification. The oper- points at aeronautical advisory ation of transmitters which have not (unicom) stations must specify the lo- been certificated must not result in cation of each proposed control point. harmful interference due to the failure of those transmitters to comply with (d) Except for aeronautical enroute technical standards of this subpart. stations governed by paragraph (f) of (1) Development or Civil Air Patrol this section, the control point must transmitters. have the following facilities installed: (2) Flight test station transmitters (1) A device that indicates when the for limited periods where justified. transmitter is radiating or when the (3) U.S. Government transmitters transmitter control circuits have been furnished in the performance of a U.S. switched on. This requirement does not Government contract if the use of cer- apply to aircraft stations; tificated equipment would increase the (2) Aurally monitoring of all trans- cost of the contract or if the trans- missions originating at dispatch mitter will be incorporated in the fin- points; ished product. However, such equip- (3) A way to disconnect dispatch ment must meet the technical stand- points from the transmitter; and ards contained in this subpart. (4) A way to turn off the transmitter. (4) ELTs verified in accordance with (e) A dispatch point is an operating § 87.147(e). position subordinate to the control (5) Signal generators when used as point. Dispatch points may be installed radionavigation land test stations without authorization from the Com- (MTF). mission, and dispatch point operators (d) Aircraft earth stations must cor- are not required to be licensed. rect their transmit frequencies for (f) In the aeronautical enroute serv- Doppler effect relative to the satellite. ice, the control point for an automati- The transmitted signal may not devi- cally controlled enroute station is the ate more than 335 Hz from the desired computer facility which controls the transmit frequency. (This is a root sum transmitter. Any computer controlled square error which assumes zero error transmitter must be equipped to auto- for the received ground earth station matically shut down after 3 minutes of signal and includes the AES transmit/ continuous transmission of an receive frequency reference error and unmodulated carrier. the AES automatic frequency control
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residual errors.) The applicant must at- cation application. The letter of notifi- test that the equipment provides ade- cation must be mailed to: FAA, Spec- quate Doppler effect compensation and trum Engineering Division, 800 Inde- where applicable, that measurements pendence Ave. SW., Washington, DC have been made that demonstrate com- 20591 no later than the date of filing of pliance. Submission of data dem- the application with the Commission. onstrating compliance is not required (1) The notification must describe the unless requested by the Commission. equipment, give the manufacturer’s [63 FR 36607, July 7, 1998] identification, antenna characteristics, rated output power, emission type and § 87.147 Authorization of equipment. characteristics, the frequency or fre- (a) Certification may be requested by quencies of operation, and essential re- following the procedures in part 2 of ceiver characteristics if protection is this chapter. Aircraft transmitters required. must meet the requirements over an (2) The certification application must ambient temperature range of ¥20 de- include a copy of the notification let- grees to +50 degrees Celsius. ter to the FAA. The Commission will (b) ELTs manufactured after October not act for 21 days after receipt of the 1, 1988, must meet the output power application to afford the FAA an op- characteristics contained in § 87.141(i) portunity to comment. If the FAA ob- when tested in accordance with the jects to the application for equipment Signal Enhancement Test contained in authorization, it should mail its objec- subpart N, part 2 of this chapter. A re- tion with a showing that the equip- port of the measurements must be sub- ment is incompatible with the National mitted with each application for cer- Airspace System to: Office of Engineer- tification. ELTs that meet the output ing and Technology Laboratory, Au- power characteristics of the section thorization and Evaluation Division, must have a permanent label promi- 7435 Oakland Mills Rd., Columbia, MD nently displayed on the outer casing 21046. If the Commission receives such state, ‘‘Meets FCC Rule for improved an objection, the Commission will con- satellite detection.’’ This label, how- sider the FAA showing before taking ever, must not be placed on the equip- final action on the application. ment without authorization to do so by (3) The frequency bands are as fol- the Commission. Application for such lows: authorization may be made either by 74.800 MHz to 75.200 MHz submission of a new application for 108.000 MHz to 137.000 MHz certification accompanied by the re- 328.600 MHz to 335.400 MHz quired fee and all information and test 960.000 MHz to 1215.000 MHz 1559.000 to 1626.500 MHz data required by parts 2 and 87 of this 1646.500 MHz to 1660.500 MHz chapter or, for ELTs approved prior to 5000.000 MHz to 5250.000 MHz October 1, 1988, a letter requesting such 14.000 GHz to 14.400 GHz authorization, including appropriate 15.400 GHz to 15.700 GHz test data and a showing that all units 24.250 GHz to 25.250 GHz produced under the original equipment 31.800 GHz to 33.400 GHz authorization comply with the require- (e) Verification reports for ELTs ca- ments of this paragraph without pable of operating on the frequency change to the original circuitry. 406.025 MHz must include sufficient (c) An applicant for a station license documentation to show that the ELT may request certification for an indi- meets the requirements of § 87.199(a). A vidual transmitter by following the letter notifying the FAA of the ELT procedure in part 2 of this chapter. verification must be mailed to: FAA, Such a transmitter will be individually Spectrum Engineering Division, 800 certified and so noted on the station li- Independence Avenue SW., Washington, cense. DC 20591. (d) An applicant for certification of [53 FR 28940, Aug. 1, 1988, as amended at 54 equipment intended for transmission in FR 11721, Mar. 22, 1989; 56 FR 11518, Mar. 19, any of the frequency bands listed in 1991; 57 FR 45750, Oct. 5, 1992; 58 FR 30127, paragraph (d)(3) of this section must May 26, 1993; 58 FR 67696, Dec. 22, 1993; 63 FR notify the FAA of the filing of a certifi- 36608, July 7, 1998]
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§ 87.149 Special requirements for auto- Subpart E—Frequencies matic link establishment (ALE). Brief signalling for the purposes of § 87.169 Scope. measuring the quality of a radio chan- This subpart contains class of station nel and thereafter establishing commu- symbols and a frequency table which nication shall be permitted within the lists assignable frequencies. Fre- 2 MHz–30 MHz band. Public coast sta- quencies in the Aviation Services will tions licensed under part 80 of this transmit communications for the safe, chapter providing high seas service are expeditious, and economic operation of authorized by rule to use such signal- aircraft and the protection of life and ling under the following conditions: property in the air. Each class of land (a) The transmitter power shall not station and Civil Air Patrol station exceed 100 W ERP; may communicate in accordance with (b) Transmissions must sweep lin- the particular sections of this part early in frequency at a rate of at least which govern these classes. Land sta- 60 kHz per second, occupying any 3 kHz tions in the Aviation Services in Alas- bandwidth for less than 50 milli- ka may transmit messages concerning seconds; sickness, death, weather, ice conditions (c) The transmitter shall scan the or other matters relating to safety of band no more than four times per hour; life and property if there is no other es- (d) Transmissions within 6 kHz of the tablished means of communications be- following protected frequencies and tween the points in question and no frequency bands must not exceed 10 µW charge is made for the communications peak ERP: service. (1) Protected frequencies (kHz) 2091.0 4188.0 6312.0 12290.0 16420.0 § 87.171 Class of station symbols. 2174.5 4207.5 8257.0 12392.0 16522.0 The two or three letter symbols for 2182.0 5000.0 8291.0 12520.0 16695.0 the classes of station in the aviation 2187.5 5167.5 8357.5 12563.0 16750.0 services are: 2500.0 5680.0 8364.0 12577.0 16804.5 3023.0 6215.0 8375.0 15000.0 20000.0 Symbol and class of station 4000.0 6268.0 8414.5 16000.0 25000.0 4177.5 6282.0 10000.0 AX—Aeronautical fixed AXO—Aeronautical operational fixed (2) Protected bands (kHz) DGP—Differential GPS 4125.0–4128.0 FA—Aeronautical land (unspecified) 8376.25–8386.75 FAU—Aeronautical advisory (unicom) 13360.0–13410.0 FAC—Airport control tower 25500.0–25670.0 FAE—Aeronautical enroute FAM—Aeronautical multicom (e) The instantaneous signal, which FAP—Civil Air Patrol refers to the peak power that would be FAR—Aeronautical search and rescue measured with the frequency sweep FAS—Aviation support stopped, along with spurious emissions FAT—Flight test generated from the sweeping signal, FAW—Automatic weather observation must be attenuated below the peak car- MA—Aircraft (Air carrier and Private) rier power (in watts) as follows: MA1—Air carrier aircraft only (1) On any frequency more than 5 Hz MA2—Private aircraft only from the instantaneous carrier fre- MOU—Aeronautical utility mobile quency, at least 3 dB; MRT—ELT test (2) On any frequency more than 250 RL—Radionavigation land (unspecified) Hz from the instantaneous carrier fre- RLA—Marker beacon quency, at least 40 dB; and RLB—Radiobeacon (3) On any frequency more than 7.5 RLG—Glide path kHz from the instantaneous carrier fre- RLL—Localizer RLO—VHF omni-range quency, at least 43 + 10log10 (peak power in watts) db. RLS—Surveillance radar RLT—Radionavigation land test [62 FR 40308, July 28, 1997] RLW—Microwave landing system
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