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A Note on Host Diversity of Criconemaspp
280 Pantnagar Journal of Research [Vol. 17(3), September-December, 2019] Short Communication A note on host diversity of Criconema spp. Y.S. RATHORE ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur- 208 024 (U.P.) Key words: Criconema, host diversity, host range, Nematode Nematode species of the genus Criconema (Tylenchida: showed preference over monocots. Superrosids and Criconemitidae) are widely distributed and parasitize Superasterids were represented by a few host plants only. many plant species from very primitive orders to However, Magnoliids and Gymnosperms substantially advanced ones. They are migratory ectoparasites and feed contributed in the host range of this nematode species. on root tips or along more mature roots. Reports like Though Rosids revealed greater preference over Asterids, Rathore and Ali (2014) and Rathore (2017) reveal that the percent host families and orders were similar in number most nematode species prefer feeding on plants of certain as reflected by similar SAI values. The SAI value was taxonomic group (s). In the present study an attempt has slightly higher for monocots that indicate stronger affinity. been made to precisely trace the host plant affinity of The same was higher for gymnosperms (0.467) in twenty-five Criconema species feeding on diverse plant comparison to Magnolids (0.413) (Table 1). species. Host species of various Criconema species Perusal of taxonomic position of host species in Table 2 reported by Nemaplex (2018) and others in literature were revealed that 68 % of Criconema spp. were monophagous aligned with families and orders following the modern and strictly fed on one host species. Of these, 20 % from system of classification, i.e., APG IV system (2016). -
Diversity in Host Preference of Rotylenchus Spp. Y.S
International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 7, No 5, 2018, 1786 – 1793 2277-663X (P) DIVERSITY IN HOST PREFERENCE OF ROTYLENCHUS SPP. Y.S. Rathore Principal Scientist (Retd.), Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur -208024 (U.P.) E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Species of the genus Rotylenchus are ecto- or semi-endo parasites and feed on roots of their host plants. In the study it was found that 50% species of Rotylenchus were monophagous and mostly on plants in the clade Rosids followed by monocots, Asterids and gymnosperms. In general, Rosids and Asterids combined parasitized more than 50% host species followed by monocots. Though food preference was species specific but by and large woody plants were preferred from very primitive families like Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae to representatives of advanced families. Woody plants like pines and others made a substantial contribution in the host range of Rotylenchus. Maximum number of Rotylenchus species harboured plants in families Poaceae (monocots), Rosaceae (Rosids) and Oleaceae (Asterids) followed by Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Asteraceae and Pinaceae. It is, therefore, suggested that agricultural crops should be grown far away from wild vegetation and forest plantations. Keywords: Rotylenchus, Magnoliids, Rosids, Asterids, Gymnosperms, Host preference. INTRODUCTION Species of the genus Rotylenchus (Nematoda: Haplolaimidae) are migratory ectoparasites and browse on the surface of roots. The damage caused by them is usually limited to necrosis of penetrated cells (1). However, species with longer stylet penetrate to tissues more deeply and killing more cells and called as semi-endoparasites (2,3). The genus contains 97 nominal species which parasitize on a wide range of wild and cultivated plants worldwide (3). -
Phylogeny of Rosids! ! Rosids! !
Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Alnus - alders A. rubra A. rhombifolia A. incana ssp. tenuifolia Alnus - alders Nitrogen fixation - symbiotic with the nitrogen fixing bacteria Frankia Alnus rubra - red alder Alnus rhombifolia - white alder Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia - thinleaf alder Corylus cornuta - beaked hazel Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Ostrya virginiana - eastern hophornbeam Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family) ! Fagaceae - 9 genera/900 species.! Trees or shrubs, mostly northern hemisphere, temperate region ! Leaves simple, alternate; often lobed, entire or serrate, deciduous -
ABSTRACTS 117 Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB
Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB 466 HARDY, CHRISTOPHER R.1,2*, JERROLD I DAVIS1, breeding system. This effectively reproductively isolates the species. ROBERT B. FADEN3, AND DENNIS W. STEVENSON1,2 Previous studies have provided extensive genetic, phylogenetic and 1Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2New York natural selection data which allow for a rare opportunity to now Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458; 3Dept. of Botany, National study and interpret ontogenetic changes as sources of evolutionary Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, novelties in floral form. Three populations of M. cardinalis and four DC 20560 populations of M. lewisii (representing both described races) were studied from initiation of floral apex to anthesis using SEM and light Phylogenetics of Cochliostema, Geogenanthus, and microscopy. Allometric analyses were conducted on data derived an undescribed genus (Commelinaceae) using from floral organs. Sympatric populations of the species from morphology and DNA sequence data from 26S, 5S- Yosemite National Park were compared. Calyces of M. lewisii initi- NTS, rbcL, and trnL-F loci ate later than those of M. cardinalis relative to the inner whorls, and sepals are taller and more acute. Relative times of initiation of phylogenetic study was conducted on a group of three small petals, sepals and pistil are similar in both species. Petal shapes dif- genera of neotropical Commelinaceae that exhibit a variety fer between species throughout development. Corolla aperture of unusual floral morphologies and habits. Morphological A shape becomes dorso-ventrally narrow during development of M. characters and DNA sequence data from plastid (rbcL, trnL-F) and lewisii, and laterally narrow in M. -
Updated Angiosperm Family Tree for Analyzing Phylogenetic Diversity and Community Structure
Acta Botanica Brasilica - 31(2): 191-198. April-June 2017. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062016abb0306 Updated angiosperm family tree for analyzing phylogenetic diversity and community structure Markus Gastauer1,2* and João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto2 Received: August 19, 2016 Accepted: March 3, 2017 . ABSTRACT Th e computation of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic community structure demands an accurately calibrated, high-resolution phylogeny, which refl ects current knowledge regarding diversifi cation within the group of interest. Herein we present the angiosperm phylogeny R20160415.new, which is based on the topology proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV, a recently released compilation of angiosperm diversifi cation. R20160415.new is calibratable by diff erent sets of recently published estimates of mean node ages. Its application for the computation of phylogenetic diversity and/or phylogenetic community structure is straightforward and ensures the inclusion of up-to-date information in user specifi c applications, as long as users are familiar with the pitfalls of such hand- made supertrees. Keywords: angiosperm diversifi cation, APG IV, community tree calibration, megatrees, phylogenetic topology phylogeny comprising the entire taxonomic group under Introduction study (Gastauer & Meira-Neto 2013). Th e constant increase in knowledge about the phylogenetic The phylogenetic structure of a biological community relationships among taxa (e.g., Cox et al. 2014) requires regular determines whether species that coexist within a given revision of applied phylogenies in order to incorporate novel data community are more closely related than expected by chance, and is essential information for investigating and avoid out-dated information in analyses of phylogenetic community assembly rules (Kembel & Hubbell 2006; diversity and community structure. -
Pan-Plant Ribopool Universal, Efficient Ribosomal RNA Depletion for Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)
Pan-Plant riboPOOL Universal, Efficient Ribosomal RNA Depletion For Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Efficient rRNA depletion tool Targets 28S, 18S, 5.8S & 5S rRNA Broad coverage of flowering plants Targets mitochondrial rRNA For leaf, seed & root tissue Targets plastid rRNA The high abundance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) limits detection efficiency of relevant RNAs of the transcriptome by RNA-Seq. The Pan-Plant riboPOOL offers a universal solution to selectively deplete cytoplasmic (28S, 18S, 5.8S & 5S), plastid and mitochondrial rRNA of flowering plants in leaf, seed and root tissue. Wide Species Coverage of Pan-Plant riboPOOL The Pan-Plant riboPOOL consists of a highly complex mixture of biotinylated oligos, designed to optimally cover major phyla of flowering plants. Liliales The Pan-Plant riboPOOL depletes rRNA Apsparagales Laurales for more than 30 orders: Zingiberales Nymphaeales Poales · Rice · Jatropha · Soy Bean Vitales Magnoliids · Potato · Cotton · Coffee Ranunculales Cucurbitales Monocots Proteales · Carrot · Artichoke · Olive Rosales · Arabidopsis · Corn · Aster Fabales Caryophyllales Eudicots · Wheat · Apple · Orange Rosids Solanales Malpighiales · Buckwheat · and more Asterids Gentianales Lamiales Malvales Asterales Brassicales Myrtales *If your species is not within these phyla, Apiales Sapindales please enquire about our custom riboPOOLs. Data with Pan-Plant riboPOOL – Efficient Across Phyla The Pan-Plant riboPOOL efficiently depleted rRNA (> 91%) when tested on six species of Angiosperms from genera Fabacea, Loasacea, Brassicae and Rosaceae. Remarkably, a species from the primitive Green Algae phyla when tested showed > 80% rRNA depletion efficiency, suggesting that the Pan-Plant riboPOOL may be successfully applied to other phyla aside from Angiosperms. remaining rRNA non-rRNA M. domestica (Rosacea) 3,6% 96,4% T. -
Elatinaceae Are Sister to Malpighiaceae; Peridiscaceae Belong to Saxifragales
Elatinaceae are Sister to Malpighiaceae; Peridiscaceae Belong to Saxifragales The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Davis, Charles C., and Mark W. Chase. 2004. Elatinaceae are sister to Malpighiaceae; Peridiscaceae belong to Saxifragales. American Journal of Botany 91(2): 262-273. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.2.262 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2666728 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA American Journal of Botany 91(2): 262±273. 2004. ELATINACEAE ARE SISTER TO MALPIGHIACEAE; PERIDISCACEAE BELONG TO SAXIFRAGALES1 CHARLES C. DAVIS2,4 AND MARK W. C HASE3 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Herbarium, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2287 USA; and 3Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS UK Phylogenetic data from plastid (ndhF and rbcL) and nuclear (PHYC) genes indicate that, within the order Malpighiales, Elatinaceae are strongly supported as sister to Malpighiaceae. There are several putative morphological synapomorphies for this clade; most notably, they both have a base chromosome number of X 5 6 (or some multiple of three or six), opposite or whorled leaves with stipules, unicellular hairs (also uniseriate in some Elatinaceae), multicellular glands on the leaves, and resin (Elatinacae) or latex (Malpighiaceae). -
Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae -
Diversityand Classification of Flowering Plants
180 CHAPTER 6 EVOLUTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS F REFERENCES FOR FURTHER STUDY Andrews, H. N. 1961. Studies in Paleobotany. Wiley, New York. APG ifi. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105—121. Crane, P. R., E. M. Friis, and K. Pedersen. 1995. The origin and early diversification of angiosperms. Nature 374: 27. 7 Crepet, W. L. 1998. The abominable mystery. Science 282: 1653—1654. Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York. Davies, T. J., T. G. Barraclough, M. W. Chase, P. 5. Soltis, D. E. Soltis, and V. Savolainen. 2004. Darwin’s abominable mystery: Insights from AND CLASSIFICATION a supertree of DIVERSITY the angiosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101: 1904—1909. Doyle, J. A. 2006. Seed ferns and the origin of angiosperms. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 133: 169—209. Doyle, J. A. 2008. Integrating molecular phylogenetic and paleobotanical evidence on origin of the flower. International Journal of Plant FLOWERING PLANTS: Sciences 169: 816—843. OF Eames, A. J. 1961. Morphology of the angiosperms. McGraw Hill, New York. Friedman, W. and E., J. H. Williams. 2004. Developmental evolution of the sexual process in ancient flowering plant lineages. The Plant Cell NYMPHAEALE S, 16, S119—S 132, Supplement. AMBORELLALE S, Friedman, W. E., and K. C. Ryerson. 2009. Reconstructing the ancestral female gametophyte of angiosperms: insights from Amborella and other ancient lineages of flowering plants. -
Cover Page the Handle Holds
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/35731 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Mennes, Constantijn Title: Antiquities of the rainforest : evolution of mycoheterotrophic angiosperms growing on Glomeromycota Issue Date: 2015-10-06 References 135 Antiquities of the rainforest Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In: Second International Symposium on Information Theory. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. Pp. 267-281. Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19: 716-723. Albert, V.A., Struwe, L. (1997). Phylogeny and classification of Voyria (saprophytic Gentianaceae). Brittonia 49: 466-479. Alley, N.F., Krieg, G.W., Callen, R.A. (1996). Early Tertiary Eyre Formation, lower Nelly Creek, southern Lake Eyre Basin, Australia: palynological dating of macrofloras and silcrete, and palaeoclimatic interpretations. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43: 71-84. Bailey, C.D., Koch, M.A., Mayer, M., Mummenhoff, K., O’Kane, S.L., Warwick, S.I., Windham, M.D., Al-Shehbaz, I.A. (2006). Toward a global phylogeny of the Brassicaceae. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 2142-2160. Barker, N.P., Weston, P.H., Rutschmann, F., Sauquet, H. (2007). Molecular dating of the ‘Gondwanan’ plant family Proteaceae is only partially congruent with the timing of the break-up of Gondwana. Journal of Biogeography 34: 2012–2027. Barrett, C.F., Davis, J.I. (2012). The plastid genome of the mycoheterotrophic Corallorhiza striata (Orchidaceae) is in the relatively early stages of degradation. American Journal of Botany 99: 1513- 1523. Barrett, C.F., Davis, J.I., Leebens-Mack, J., Conran, J.G., Stevenson, D.W. -
2 ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM History Of
ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that would reflect new knowledge about their relationships based upon phylogenetic studies. As of 2010, three incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration (published in 1998, 2003 and 2009). An important motivation for the group was what they viewed as deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications, which were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e. groups consisting of all the descendants of a common ancestor). APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system. Angiosperm classification and the APG Until detailed genetic evidence became available, the classification of flowering plants (also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta) was based on their morphology (particularly that of the flower) and their biochemistry (what kinds of chemical compound they contained or produced). Classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of such systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates tended to be favoured in different countries; e.g. the Engler system in continental Europe; the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew); the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence; and the Cronquist system in the United States. -
Based on Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences: Effects of Taxon Sampling and Phylogenetic Methods on Resolving Relationships Among Rosids Robert K
Clemson University TigerPrints Publications Genetics and Biochemistry 4-2006 Phylogenetic analyses of Vitis (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids Robert K. Jansen University of Texas at Austin Charalambos Kaittanis University of Central Florida Christopher Saski Clemson University, [email protected] Seung-Bum Lee University of Central Florida Jeffrey Tomkins Clemson University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/gen_biochem_pubs Part of the Genetics and Genomics Commons Recommended Citation Please use publisher's recommended citation. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Genetics and Biochemistry at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Robert K. Jansen, Charalambos Kaittanis, Christopher Saski, Seung-Bum Lee, Jeffrey Tomkins, Andrew Alverson, and Henry Daniell This article is available at TigerPrints: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/gen_biochem_pubs/3 BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Phylogenetic analyses of Vitis (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids Robert K Jansen1, Charalambos Kaittanis2, Christopher Saski3, Seung- Bum Lee2, Jeffrey Tomkins3, Andrew