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Cattle Teeth in Graves. Interpretations of Animal Bones Found in Finnish Inhumation Graves (Ca AD 550- 1700)
Cattle Teeth in Graves Interpretations of animal bones found in Finnish inhumation graves (ca AD 550-1700) Hanna Kivikero Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies University of Helsinki Master’s thesis in Archaeology 1.2.2011 Tiedekunta/Osasto Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Laitos Institution – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Filosofian, historian, kulttuurin ja taiteiden tutkimuksen laitos Författare – Author Hanna Kivikero – Title Cattle teeth in Graves. Interpretations of animal bones found in Finnish inhumation graves (ca AD 550- 1700). – Subject Arkeologia art – Level – Month and year – Number of pages Pro gradu 02/2011 90 + liitteet 46 sivua Tiivistelmä Referat – Abstract Hautauksen luonne on aina rituaalinen. Tämä seikka on usein unohdettu suomalaisissa ruumishautauksissa, joista löytyy eläinluita. Vain vainajan yhteydestä löytyneille eläintenluille on pohdittu rituaalisia merkityksiä. Haudan täytemaasta, joka on osa hautausta, löytyneet eläintenluut on aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa jätetty usein huomioimatta. Tässä opinnäytteessä pohditaan eläinluiden funktiota ja tulkintamalleja hautauksissa. Lähtökohtana on kuusi eriaikaista kohdetta. Myöhäiseen rautakauteen (ja mahdollisesti keskiaikaan) sijoittuva Euran Luistarin kohde sijaitsee länsirannikolla ja keskiaikainen kyläkalmisto Finno sijaitsee Espoossa, etelärannikolla. Lisäksi aineistossa on kaksi kaupunkikohdetta Turku ja Porvoo, joista Turusta tutkittava kalmisto ajoittuu myöhäiskeskiaikaan ja uuden ajan taitteeseen ja Porvoo 1700-luvulle. Itä-Suomesta mukana -
LUETTELO Kuntien Ja Seurakuntien Tuloveroprosenteista Vuonna 2021
Dnro VH/8082/00.01.00/2020 LUETTELO kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2021 Verohallinto on verotusmenettelystä annetun lain (1558/1995) 91 a §:n 3 momentin nojalla, sellaisena kuin se on laissa 520/2010, antanut seuraavan luettelon varainhoitovuodeksi 2021 vahvistetuista kuntien, evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon ja ortodoksisen kirkkokunnan seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista. Kunta Kunnan Ev.lut. Ortodoks. tuloveroprosentti seurakunnan seurakunnan tuloveroprosentti tuloveroprosentti Akaa 22,25 1,70 2,00 Alajärvi 21,75 1,75 2,00 Alavieska 22,00 1,80 2,10 Alavus 21,25 1,75 2,00 Asikkala 20,75 1,75 1,80 Askola 21,50 1,75 1,80 Aura 21,50 1,35 1,75 Brändö 17,75 2,00 1,75 Eckerö 19,00 2,00 1,75 Enonkoski 21,00 1,60 1,95 Enontekiö 21,25 1,75 2,20 Espoo 18,00 1,00 1,80 Eura 21,00 1,50 1,75 Eurajoki 18,00 1,60 2,00 Evijärvi 22,50 1,75 2,00 Finström 19,50 1,95 1,75 Forssa 20,50 1,40 1,80 Föglö 17,50 2,00 1,75 Geta 18,50 1,95 1,75 Haapajärvi 22,50 1,75 2,00 Haapavesi 22,00 1,80 2,00 Hailuoto 20,50 1,80 2,10 Halsua 23,50 1,70 2,00 Hamina 21,00 1,60 1,85 Hammarland 18,00 1,80 1,75 Hankasalmi 22,00 1,95 2,00 Hanko 21,75 1,60 1,80 Harjavalta 21,50 1,75 1,75 Hartola 21,50 1,75 1,95 Hattula 20,75 1,50 1,80 Hausjärvi 21,50 1,75 1,80 Heinola 20,50 1,50 1,80 Heinävesi 21,00 1,80 1,95 Helsinki 18,00 1,00 1,80 Hirvensalmi 20,00 1,75 1,95 Hollola 21,00 1,75 1,80 Huittinen 21,00 1,60 1,75 Humppila 22,00 1,90 1,80 Hyrynsalmi 21,75 1,75 1,95 Hyvinkää 20,25 1,25 1,80 Hämeenkyrö 22,00 1,70 2,00 Hämeenlinna 21,00 1,30 1,80 Ii 21,50 1,50 2,10 Iisalmi -
FEEFHS Journal Volume 15, 2007
FEEFHS Journal Volume 15, 2007 FEEFHS Journal Who, What and Why is FEEFHS? The Federation of East European Family History Societies Guest Editor: Kahlile B. Mehr. [email protected] (FEEFHS) was founded in June 1992 by a small dedicated group of Managing Editor: Thomas K. Edlund American and Canadian genealogists with diverse ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds. By the end of that year, eleven societies FEEFHS Executive Council had accepted its concept as founding members. Each year since then FEEFHS has grown in size. FEEFHS now represents nearly two 2006-2007 FEEFHS officers: hundred organizations as members from twenty-four states, five Ca- President: Dave Obee, 4687 Falaise Drive, Victoria, BC V8Y 1B4 nadian provinces, and fourteen countries. It continues to grow. Canada. [email protected] About half of these are genealogy societies, others are multi- 1st Vice-president: Brian J. Lenius. [email protected] purpose societies, surname associations, book or periodical publish- 2nd Vice-president: Lisa A. Alzo ers, archives, libraries, family history centers, online services, insti- 3rd Vice-president: Werner Zoglauer tutions, e-mail genealogy list-servers, heraldry societies, and other Secretary: Kahlile Mehr, 412 South 400 West, Centerville, UT. ethnic, religious, and national groups. FEEFHS includes organiza- [email protected] tions representing all East or Central European groups that have ex- Treasurer: Don Semon. [email protected] isting genealogy societies in North America and a growing group of worldwide organizations and individual members, from novices to Other members of the FEEFHS Executive Council: professionals. Founding Past President: Charles M. Hall, 4874 S. 1710 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84117-5928 Goals and Purposes: Immediate Past President: Irmgard Hein Ellingson, P.O. -
Talviaik Ata Ulut
INKOO – KIRKKONUMMI TH – HELSINKI 018 HELSINKI – KARJAA – TAMMISAARI 018 HELSINKI – KARJAA – FISKARI INGÅ – KYRKSLÄTT VGS – HELSINGFORS 018 HELSINGFORS – KARIS – EKENÄS 018 HELSINGFORS – KARIS – FISKARS Merkkien selitykset – Teckenförklaring: – VINTERTIDTABELLER TALVIAIKATAULUT 018 PIKA 018 018 018 018 018 V M–P M–P M–P M–P Laituri H:ki Laituri H:ki 27 16 16 27 16 26 16 16 27 + Kouluvuoden aikana – Under skolåret Ingå/Inkoo 7,15 ~7,55TH 9,10 15,05 Plattform H:fors M–P M–P M–P Plattform H:fors M–P M–P M–P M–P M–P M–P Helsinki/Helsingfors 9,25 13,25 16,10 Vain koulujen kesäloman aikana Helsinki/Helsingfors 9,25 13,25 14.15 16.10 17,00 18.45 ++ Kyrkslätt VGS/Kirkkonummi TH 7,45 x 9,35 15,30 Lauttasaari/Drumsö - x x Under skolans sommarlov K:nummi/Kyrkslätt th - 13,55 - 16.45 17,35 - Jorvas TH x x x x Jorvas th - x x +++ 1.5–30.9 K:nummi/Kyrkslätt th - 13,55 16,45 Inkoo/Ingå - 14,25 - 17.15 18,05 - Iso Omena x x x x Maanantaista perjantaihin Inkoo kk/Ingå kby - 14,25 17,15 Lohja/Lojo 15.30 - 20.05 M–P Lauttasaari/Drumsö x - x x Karjaa las/Karis busst 11,10 14,50 17,40 Från måndag till fredag Puh./Tfn Karjaa/Karis 11,10 14,40 16.30 17.40 18,30 20.50 E-mail Helsingfors/Helsinki Kamppi 8,20 8,50 10,05 16,00 Karjaa ras/Karis jv.st. I 17,45 Jatkaa tarvittaessa T Fax Tammisaari/Ekenäs 11,35 15,10 18,10 Pohja/Pojo 11,25 15,25 16.45 18,45 21.05 Fortsätter vid behov 2.1.2018 Alkaen / Fr.o.m. -
Jaakko Helminen Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503
FINNISH LOCAL V IEW ON THE FACTORS ACCOUNTING FOR THE COSTS OF W EATHER-RELATED DISASTERS (SPECIFICALLY, FLOODS AND STORMS) IN RECENT DECADES AND IMPLICATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING THESE FOR BOTH RESEARCH AND POLICY Jaakko Helminen Finnish Meteorological Institute P.O. Box 503 FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland email: [email protected] 1. Introduction s the factors accounting for the costs of weather-related disasters (specifically, floods and storms) in recent decades and the implications of understanding these for both research and policy are considered in the Finnish context. The climatology of the pertinent weather phenomena are discussed also with some A outlook to the scenarios. Here some possible future shifts in both flood and storm types causing damages and losses are pointed out. In addition some policy issues are discussed as this seems to be another pertinent point. 2. Factors in weather-related disasters 2.1 Floods Since 1960 (Puupponen, 2006) in terms of house damage costs the three most severe flood episodes in Finland have occurred as follows. Spring 1966 – Southern Finland: This spring flood has been since 1969 the highest flood in the rivers of Southern Finland. The water equivalent of the snow at the beginning of April was still widely 200 – 250 mm which was roughly double compared with the normal value and in fact a record value. The melting of the snow was postponed to a late time point around 1 May. Consequently the recurrence value of the observed flood flows exceeded in several drainage basins 100 years in terms of a Gumbel distribution estimate. No exact damage data are available, but in relation to later damage inventories the probable cost level has been of the order of 10 million euros. -
The Impact of the Establishment of Loviisa - Kunda Ferry Connection in Activating the Eastern Finland - Estonia Transport Corridor
MERENKULKUALAN KOULUTUS- JA TUTKIMUSKESKUKSEN JULKAISUJA TURUN YLIOPISTON BRAHEA-KESKUS PUBLICATIONS OF THE CENTRE FOR MARITIME STUDIES BRAHEA CENTRE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU A 77 2020 THE IMPACT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOVIISA - KUNDA FERRY CONNECTION IN ACTIVATING THE EASTERN FINLAND - ESTONIA TRANSPORT CORRIDOR Reima Helminen, Riitta Pöntynen, Minna Alhosalo, Aado Keskpaik & Rivo Noorkõiv MERENKULKUALAN KOULUTUS- JA TUTKIMUSKESKUKSEN JULKAISUJA TURUN YLIOPISTON BRAHEA-KESKUS PUBLIKATIONER AV SJÖFARTSBRANSCHENS UTBILDNINGS- OCH FORSKNINGSCENTRAL BRAHEA CENTRUM VID ÅBO UNIVERSITET PUBLICATIONS OF THE CENTRE FOR MARITIME STUDIES BRAHEA CENTRE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU A 77 2020 THE IMPACT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOVIISA - KUNDA FERRY CONNECTION IN ACTIVATING THE EASTERN FINLAND - ESTONIA TRANSPORT CORRIDOR Reima Helminen, Riitta Pöntynen, Minna Alhosalo, Aado Keskpaik & Rivo Noorkõiv Turku 2020 JULKAISIJA / PUBLISHER: Turun yliopiston Brahea-keskus / Brahea Centre at the University of Turku MERENKULKUALAN KOULUTUS- JA TUTKIMUSKESKUS CENTRE FOR MARITIME STUDIES Käyntiosoite / Visiting address: ICT-City, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5 B, 5.krs, Turku Postiosoite / Postal address: FI-20014 TURUN YLIOPISTO Puh. / Tel. +358 (0)2 333 51 http://utu.fi/mkk ISBN 978-951-29-8193-9 (PDF) ISSN 2342–141X (PDF) FOREWORD Since the early 1990’s European Union has been promoting a multimodal transport corridor policy known as TEN-T policy. Corridor policy approaches have been adopted also on regional cross-border programmes to improve connectivity. This report has been made as a part of Reinforcing Eastern Finland-Estonia Transport Corridor (REFEC), which is an ERDF funded project under the Interreg Central Baltic Programme 2014–2020 in the priority Well-connected region. The REFEC project supports the transport corridor by mapping the cargo potential and impact of the activated corridor, and most importantly, conducting different concrete activities that aim to remove obstacles in the establishment of the Loviisa-Kunda roro connection. -
The Impact of the Establishment of Loviisa - Kunda Ferry Connection in Activating the Eastern Finland - Estonia Transport Corridor
MERENKULKUALAN KOULUTUS- JA TUTKIMUSKESKUKSEN JULKAISUJA TURUN YLIOPISTON BRAHEA-KESKUS PUBLICATIONS OF THE CENTRE FOR MARITIME STUDIES BRAHEA CENTRE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU A 77 2020 THE IMPACT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOVIISA - KUNDA FERRY CONNECTION IN ACTIVATING THE EASTERN FINLAND - ESTONIA TRANSPORT CORRIDOR Reima Helminen, Riitta Pöntynen, Minna Alhosalo, Aado Keskpaik & Rivo Noorkõiv MERENKULKUALAN KOULUTUS- JA TUTKIMUSKESKUKSEN JULKAISUJA TURUN YLIOPISTON BRAHEA-KESKUS PUBLIKATIONER AV SJÖFARTSBRANSCHENS UTBILDNINGS- OCH FORSKNINGSCENTRAL BRAHEA CENTRUM VID ÅBO UNIVERSITET PUBLICATIONS OF THE CENTRE FOR MARITIME STUDIES BRAHEA CENTRE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU A 77 2020 THE IMPACT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOVIISA - KUNDA FERRY CONNECTION IN ACTIVATING THE EASTERN FINLAND - ESTONIA TRANSPORT CORRIDOR Reima Helminen, Riitta Pöntynen, Minna Alhosalo, Aado Keskpaik & Rivo Noorkõiv Turku 2020 JULKAISIJA / PUBLISHER: Turun yliopiston Brahea-keskus / Brahea Centre at the University of Turku MERENKULKUALAN KOULUTUS- JA TUTKIMUSKESKUS CENTRE FOR MARITIME STUDIES Käyntiosoite / Visiting address: ICT-City, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5 B, 5.krs, Turku Postiosoite / Postal address: FI-20014 TURUN YLIOPISTO Puh. / Tel. +358 (0)2 333 51 http://utu.fi/mkk ISBN 978-951-29-8193-9 (PDF) ISSN 2342–141X (PDF) FOREWORD Since the early 1990’s European Union has been promoting a multimodal transport corridor policy known as TEN-T policy. Corridor policy approaches have been adopted also on regional cross-border programmes to improve connectivity. This report has been made as a part of Reinforcing Eastern Finland-Estonia Transport Corridor (REFEC), which is an ERDF funded project under the Interreg Central Baltic Programme 2014–2020 in the priority Well-connected region. The REFEC project supports the transport corridor by mapping the cargo potential and impact of the activated corridor, and most importantly, conducting different concrete activities that aim to remove obstacles in the establishment of the Loviisa-Kunda roro connection. -
1 Partial Translation from the Book: Air Force Participation in the Finnish
Partial translation from the book: Air Force Participation in the Finnish War of Independence in Year 1918 by Aarne Bremer, 1934 Translated by Seppo Koivisto, 2.2.1999; updated 18.5.1999, 15.5.2004 Chapter II. German Air Activity in Finland 1918 (pages 170-202) Initial Phase of Getting Aid (page 170) The greatest aid, that Finland received already in the preparatory stages and then during the war, came from Germany. Already in autumn 1917 arms shipments came from there to arm the home defence. During the Independence War large amounts of arms and ammunition were further bought from Germany. In February 1918 Germany agreed to send the Königlicher Preussischer Jägerbataillon Nr. 27 (of Finnish volunteers) to Finland. When the red danger was continuously worsening in Southern Finland, made Councillor of State Hjelt, a Finn that had greatest influence in Germany, his best to get aid to Finland. (Edvard Hjelt, 1855-1921, was an active and sometimes arbitrary representative of the Finnish Senate in Germany. He for instance issued a Finnish passport in false name to General Ludendorf after his resignation.) On February 11th the peace negotiations between Germany and Russia at Brest-Litovski were interrupted. By threatening St. Petersburg from Finland, Germany would force Russia swiftly for final conclusion of peace. For this Germany would not need large forces, just so much that the white Finland would win. German high command asked councillor of state Hjelt to send an urgent request for armed assistance. Councillor of State Hjelt saw, that he could fulfil this request, as he had received a telegram from Councillor of State A. -
1/2 Health Protection Authority Askola, Lapinjärvi, Loviisa
1/2 Health Protection Authority NOTIFICATION OF MOBILE SALES Askola, Lapinjärvi, Loviisa, Pornainen, Porvoo, OPERATIONS Sipoo Food Act 297/2021 12 § NOTE! The notice must be delivered to Health Protection at least 4 days before the start of sales 1. Notification of mobile food premises Mobile food premises decision number / notification acknowledgement certificate number __________________ Municipality or local government in which mobile food premises have been approved / notification addressed: 2. Sales / service event Event and event organiser ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Sales / service place (address) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Dates: Time: ___________________________________ ____________________ time: _______________________________________ ______________________ 3. The food business operator details Name and contact details Business /operator's name Name of person in charge of business / operator and person in charge Postal address Postal code and town or city Business/Personal ID number Person in charge, telephone number Person in charge, email address or fax 4. Description of food premises operation Purpose Food preparation Food sales Food serving, customer places number List of food to be prepared Unpackaged, what: or sold Packaged, what: Frozen, what: The seller has: hygiene proficiency certificate health- / salmonella certificate Products' place of Purchased from approved / notified food premises manufacture Point of sale / preparation Tent/marquee Van Car Other, what The City of Porvoo, Health Protection Tekniikankaari 1 A, 06100 Porvoo tel. from 9-12: 040 168 8844, www.porvoo.fi Borgå stad, Miljöhälsovård, Teknikbågen 1 A, 06100 Borgå tfn kl 9-12: 040 168 8844 , www.borga.fi [email protected] 2 /2 Point of sale / preparation Refrigerator no. Cold/hot bag no. Grill/ stove no. equipment Freezer no. Paella pan no. -
Yhteishaku 2021, Valitut Careeria
Yhteishaku 2021, valitut Careeria Toimipiste / Tutkinto Määrä Careeria Askolan toimipiste 46 Rakennusalan perustutkinto 12 Ahlgren Leni, Lapinjärvi Deliu Edin, Porvoo Jalava Aaro, Porvoo Laiti Max, Porvoo Metsola Matias, Pukkila Mikkola Perttu, Pukkila Tiihonen Riku, Porvoo Toivonen Aatos, Porvoo Tuominen Luukas, Porvoo Sähkö- ja automaatioalan perustutkinto 18 Aronen Artturi, Porvoo Kemppinen Jesper, Porvoo Kuosmanen Valtteri, Porvoo Mynttinen Ilkka, Porvoo Nurminen Topias, Askola Pennanen Mika, Pukkila Pietarinen Kasper, Pornainen Pirhonen Lauri, Porvoo Salonen Tommi, Askola Sapu Miro, Porvoo Savela Eemeli, Porvoo Simola Jaakko, Porvoo Stolt Mikael, Porvoo Turunen Waltteri, Porvoo Vainio Veeti, Askola Talotekniikan perustutkinto 16 Fellman Janne, Loviisa Juvonen Toni, Askola Keskitalo Mitro, Lapinjärvi Lönnfors Christian, Loviisa Salonen Teemu, Askola Tissari Elias, Porvoo Toivanen Jaakko, Porvoo Vidjeskog Kristian, Loviisa Careeria filialen i Borgå Yrkesvägen 16 Liiketoiminnan perustutkinto 16 Aganimov Linnea, Espoo Björkell Elias, Porvoo Blomqvist Axel, Närpiö Heikkinen Petra, Porvoo Höglund Olivia, Porvoo Karlsson Anton, Porvoo Karlsson Walter, Porvoo Kurvinen Leo, Porvoo Lagerholm Daniel, Loviisa Liljeblad Benjamin, Porvoo Lindberg Cecilia, Sipoo Maasto Milja, Loviisa Österblom Richard, Porvoo Careeria Helsingin toimipiste 69 Ammatilliseen koulutukseen valmentava koulutus (VALMA) 13 Abdelfattah Sara, Akaa Bawazir Fatima, Vantaa Chaithong Rattanasuwan, Vantaa Hiäinen Daniel, Vantaa Ibrahim Djwar, Helsinki Kronkvist Jean, Vantaa Murdoch -
Kunnat Ja Kuntapohjaiset Aluejaot 2005
Tilastokeskus Käsikirjoja 28 Statistikcentralen Handböcker Statistics Finland Handbooks Kunnat ja kuntapohjaiset aluejaot 2005 Kommuner och kommunbaserade indelningar 2005 Municipalities and Regional Divisions Based on Municipalities 2005 Tilastokeskus Käsikirjoja 28 Statistikcentralen Handböcker Statistics Finland Handbooks Kunnat ja kuntapohjaiset aluejaot 2005 Kommuner och kommunbaserade indelningar 2005 Municipalities and Regional Divisions Based on Municipalities 2005 Helsinki - Helsingfors 2005 Tiedustelut - Förfrägningar - Inquiries: Kari Seppä Saija Ylönen (09) 17341 sähköposti: [email protected] www.tilastokeskus.fi/luokitukset © 2005 Tilastokeskus - Statistikcentralen - Statistics Finland Tietoja lainattaessa lähteenä on mainittava Tilastokeskus. Uppgifterna fä r länas med uppgivande av Statistikcentralen som källa. Quoting is encouraged provided Statistics Finland is acknowledged as the source. ISSN 0355-2063 = Käsikirjoja ISBN 952-467-399-1 Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2005 Alkusanat Kunnat ja kuntapohjaiset aluejaot 2005vastaan Kari Seppä, p. (09) 1734 3572, ja -julkaisussa esitellään yleisimmät tilastoissa Saija Ylönen, p. (09) 1734 2641. käytettävät kuntapohjaiset alueluokitukset. Käsikirja sisältää kuntajaon lisäksi seutukun Kunnat ja kuntapohjaiset aluejaot 2005 nat, maakunnat, suuralueet, läänit, työvoima- -julkaisun sisältämät luokitukset ovat saata ja elinkeinokeskukset, tilastolliset työssä villa myös sähköisessä muodossa. Sähköiset käyntialueet, tilastollisen kuntaryhmityksen luokitustuotteet voi tilata -
The Study on Impact of the Foreseen the Loviisa–Kunda Ferry Service Is Published
30.9.2020 THE STUDY ON IMPACT OF THE FORESEEN THE LOVIISA–KUNDA FERRY SERVICE IS PUBLISHED The new REFEC report explores impacts of the activation of eastern Finland–Estonia transport corridor which would take place if a ferry service is launched between Loviisa and Kunda. The impacts consist of comparisons of the Loviisa-Kunda route with the current existing port connections between Finland and Estonia. The comparisons encompass differences in the mileage, travel time, costs, CO2 emissions and impacts to regional development. The study results are based on measurements, statistical analysis, planning documents and interviews of stakeholders of different interest groups linked to regional development. The comparison of mileages in the transport corridor area towns between Finland and Estonia expectedly shows that Loviisa-Kunda ferry would provide shorter mileage and travel time compared to the routes via the existing ferry services. As for the costs, the new ferry line would provide about ¼ lower costs for the estimated freight potential between eastern Finland and northeastern Estonia. For those eastern Finland cargoes that transit Estonia the Loviisa-Kunda ferry would provide also a competitive alternative when compared to other services although the costs proved to be somewhat higher. With regard to environmental impact, the Loviisa-Kunda route CO2 emissions are in line with the mileage observations. Another environmentally positive issue would be that the new ferry line would relieve partly the congestion in capital regions caused by heavy traffic. A new ferry line would stimulate regional development close to the ports in both countries. It is estimated to generate new jobs (Finland 25-37 jobs and Estonia 25-50 jobs), tax income to municipalities (FI 170-250 k€; EE 40-80 k€) and two million euros annual turnover to both ports.