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Currency and Coin Management
The George Washington University WASHINGTON DC IBI - INSTITUTE OF BRAZILIAN BUSINESS AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ISSUES The Minerva Program Fall 2004 CURRENCY AND COIN MANAGEMENT: A COMPARISON OF AMERICAN AND BRAZILIAN MODELS Author: Francisco José Baptista Campos Advisor: Prof. William Handorf Washington, DC – December 2004 AKNOWLEDGMENTS ? to Dr. Gilberto Paim and the Instituto Cultural Minerva for the opportunity to participate in the Minerva Program; ? to the Central Bank of Brazil for having allowed my participation; ? to Professor James Ferrer Jr., Ph.D., and his staff, for supporting me at the several events of this Program; ? to Professor William Handorf, Ph.D., for the suggestions and advices on this paper; ? to Mr. José dos Santos Barbosa, Head of the Currency Management Department, and other Central Bank of Brazil officials, for the information on Brazilian currency and coin management; ? to the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and, in particular, to Mr. William Tignanelli and Miss Amy L. Eschman, who provided me precious information about US currency and coin management; ? to Mr. Peter Roehrich, GWU undergraduate finance student, for sharing data about US crrency and coin management; and, ? to Professor César Augusto Vieira de Queiroz, Ph.D., and his family, for their hospitality during my stay in Washington, DC. 2 ? TABLE OF CONTENTS I – Introduction 1.1. Objectives of this paper 1.2. A brief view of US and Brazilian currency and coin II – The currency and coin service structures in the USA and in Brazil 2.1. The US currency management structure 2.1.1. The legal basis 2.1.2. The Federal Reserve (Fed) and the Reserve Banks 2.1.3. -
Pol Í T I Ca FALE COM O EDITOR GLEBERSON NASCIMENTO E-MAIL: [email protected]
40 ATRIBUNA VITÓRIA, ES, SEXTA-FEIRA, 28 DE FEVEREIRO DE 2014 Pol í t i ca FALE COM O EDITOR GLEBERSON NASCIMENTO E-MAIL: [email protected] M E NSA L Ã O Supremo livra Dirceu e mais sete FO L H A P R E SS Por 6 votos a 5, mensaleiros foram As condenações inocentados pelo crime Sem o crime de quadrilha, pena foi reduzida de quadrilha e tiveram COMO ERA COMO FICOU suas penas reduzidas JOSÉ DIRCEU 10 ANOS 7 ANOS Ex-chefe da Casa no escândalo Civil, ex-ministro E 10 MESES E 11 MESES teria orquestrado R EG I M E R EG I M E a quadrilha F EC H A D O S E M I A B E RTO B R AS Í L I A Supremo Tribunal Federal GENOINO 6 ANOS 4 ANOS Ex-presidente do (STF) derrubou ontem, por PT era interlocutor E 11 MESES E 8 MESES O6 votos a 5, decisão tomada político do R EG I M E R EG I M E por ele mesmo em 2012 e absolveu esquema S E M I A B E RTO S E M I A B E RTO oito réus do mensalão da acusação de formação de quadrilha. Com D E LÚ B I O 8 ANOS 6 ANOS uma condenação a menos, a pena a Ex-tesoureiro do E 11 MESES E 8 MESES ser cumprida na cadeia vai ser me- PT, faria os pagamentos a R EG I M E R EG I M E nor para todos eles. -
Odebrecht 2014 SERVICE: an ONGOING COMMITMENT Service: an Ongoing Commitment
odebrecht.com Odebrecht 2014 SERVICE: AN ONGOING COMMITMENT Service: An Ongoing Commitment In 1944, the 23-year-old engineer Norberto Odebrecht founded a company in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, that would give rise to the Odebrecht Group. He had a great deal of work ahead of him, but he was sure of one Odebrecht 2014 thing: that people exist to serve their fellows. His solid upbringing imbued him with that and other principles, which would guide both his life and the AV. LUIS VIANA, 2.841 course of the Odebrecht Group. EDIFÍCIO ODEBRECHT – PARALELA SALVADOR – BA – 41730-900 BRAZIL For 70 years, the ethos of service has been the decisive hallmark that sets the Odebrecht Group apart. It is impossible to translate that ethos RUA LEMOS MONTEIRO, 120 into words, but it can be easily identified in the conduct of people who EDIFÍCIO ODEBRECHT SÃO PAULO – BUTANTÃ SÃO PAULO – SP – 05501-050 are always willing to perceive, understand, and meet the needs of others, BRAZIL whether they are a client, a co-worker or anyone linked to their work or personal lives. Identifying and bringing in people endowed with that constant and steadfast desire to serve others has been Odebrecht’s main drive for seven decades. anks to them, things become simple, and everything else ensues naturally: the Client’s satisfaction, support for national development, the generation of social wealth, and the Group’s survival, growth, and perpetuity. Odebrecht’s history is the story of people with the ethos of service. People who apply it on a daily basis, no matter what. -
''Do Passado E Dopresentedeve Ser Preservado Apenas O Que For
Edu Argolo CAPA: SALVADOR, BAHIA, DOMINGO, 10/08/2014 Este caderno é parte integrante do Jornal A TARDE. Não pode ser vendido separadamente. ‘‘Do passado e do presente deve ser preservado apenas o que forprodutivo para a construção do futuro’’ Norberto Odebrecht PROJETO ESPECIAL DE MARKETING A TARDE EDIÇÃO: Aleile Moura [email protected] PROJETO GRÁFICO: Argolo Studio Design DIAGRAMAÇÃO: Edu Argolo argolodesign.com.br TEXTOS: Claudia Lessa FOTOS: Arquivo pessoal REVISÃO: Gabriela Ponce ODEBRECHTSALVADOR, BAHIA, DOMINGO, 10/08/2014 ESPECIAL 2 ‘‘Um líder tem a responsabilidade de motivar, estimular, desafiar e criar condições para partilhar com seus colaboradores os resultados que eles ajudaram a construir’’ Norberto Odebrecht Norberto Odebrecht: um empresário à frente do seu tempo Era um jovem engenheiro quando começou a erguer o que se tornou um dos maiores conglomerados do setor da Construção Civil. Naquela época - década de 1940 -, Salvador ainda carregava as marcas do seu passado colonial: carente de saneamento básico, de moradias, de abastecimento de água, de realizações... Foi dentro desse contexto socioeconômico que Norberto Odebrecht assumiu os negócios do pai, Emílio Odebrecht, e, em 1944, fundou a Construtora Norberto Odebrecht, que deu origem ao que é hoje a Organização Odebrecht. Iniciava-se a bem-sucedida trajetória em- presarial do pernambucano nascido em Recife, que chegou à capital baia- na aos cinco anos de idade e, aos 15, conheceu o mundo do trabalho, tor- nando-se, logo cedo, um dos empresários de maior sucesso do país. O contato com as tecnologias de construção e com os mestres de obras começou na adolescência, quando os Odebrecht se mudaram para a La- deira dos Aflitoseanovacasaabrigava, também, as dependências de apoio da empresa. -
Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations
Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations May 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45733 SUMMARY R45733 Combating Corruption in Latin America May 21, 2019 Corruption of public officials in Latin America continues to be a prominent political concern. In the past few years, 11 presidents and former presidents in Latin America have been forced from June S. Beittel, office, jailed, or are under investigation for corruption. As in previous years, Transparency Coordinator International’s Corruption Perceptions Index covering 2018 found that the majority of Analyst in Latin American respondents in several Latin American nations believed that corruption was increasing. Several Affairs analysts have suggested that heightened awareness of corruption in Latin America may be due to several possible factors: the growing use of social media to reveal violations and mobilize Peter J. Meyer citizens, greater media and investor scrutiny, or, in some cases, judicial and legislative Specialist in Latin investigations. Moreover, as expectations for good government tend to rise with greater American Affairs affluence, the expanding middle class in Latin America has sought more integrity from its politicians. U.S. congressional interest in addressing corruption comes at a time of this heightened rejection of corruption in public office across several Latin American and Caribbean Clare Ribando Seelke countries. Specialist in Latin American Affairs Whether or not the perception that corruption is increasing is accurate, it is nevertheless fueling civil society efforts to combat corrupt behavior and demand greater accountability. Voter Maureen Taft-Morales discontent and outright indignation has focused on bribery and the economic consequences of Specialist in Latin official corruption, diminished public services, and the link of public corruption to organized American Affairs crime and criminal impunity. -
Rc: 85740 - Issn: 2448-0959
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento - RC: 85740 - ISSN: 2448-0959 https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/etica-es/lava-jato-y-odebrecht Operación Lava-Jato y Odebrecht: ¿Un caso que terminará? ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL SANTOS, Humberto de Faria [1], BRONZATO, Anderson [2] SANTOS, Humberto de Faria. BRONZATO, Anderson. Operación Lava-Jato y Odebrecht: ¿Un caso que terminará?. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento. Año 06, Ed. 02, Vol. 10, pp. 61-75. Febrero de 2021. ISSN:2448-0959, Enlace de acceso en: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/etica-es/lava-jato-y-odebrecht RESUMEN Las personas y organizaciones de diferentes tipos siempre tienen el reto de decidir por qué tipo de marco ético cumplirán. La decisión puede ser gratificante o punitiva. Los agentes externos, al igual que las comunidades, pueden influir en cómo resultará la decisión. Este ensayo afirma que el escándalo de corrupción de Odebrecht es un ejemplo de tal situación. Junto con las decisiones internas de la compañía, la comunidad externa jugó un papel en el traslado de Odebrecht de ser un actor respetado en la industria de la construcción global a la exposición de sus prácticas inmorales. El presente estudio también demuestra los recientes intentos de injerencia política en las investigaciones de este escándalo y cómo el ex Odebrecht está tratando de reconstruirse como empresa. Palabras clave: Operación Lava-Jato, Odebrecht, Corrupción, América Latina. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN El objetivo de este ensayo es presentar el caso de corrupción de la constructora brasileña Odebrecht y analizarlo desde la perspectiva del marco que llevó a Odebrecht a actuar en uno de los mayores casos de corrupción de América Latina. -
RMC, Revista Mineira De Contabilidade, V
Periódico Quadrimestral, digital e gratuito publicado pelo Conselho Regional de Contabilidade de Minas Gerais - ISSN: 2446-9114 RMC, Revista Mineira de Contabilidade, v. 20, n. 1, art. 6, p. 76-87, janeiro/abril 2019 Disponível on-line em http://revista.crcmg.org.br/index.php?journal=rmc RMC DOI: https://doi.org/10.21714/2446-9114RMC2019v20n1t06 LAST BIG CORPORATE SCANDALS IN BRAZIL: WHY INVESTORS DID NOT SEE IT IN THE ANNUAL REPORTS? O artigo foi aprovado e apresentado no XVIII International Conference in Accounting, realizado de 25/07 a 27/07 de 2018, em São Paulo (SP) ABSTRACT Arthur do Nascimento Ferreira Barros This paper measures the level of information disclosure in the fight against corruption in Mestrando em Ciências Contábeis pela sustainable reports disclosed by companies that participated in the last major corruption Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). scandals in Brazil among 2013 to 2016 (Petrobras S.A., Odebrecht Organization, Brasil Foods Graduado em Ciências Contábeis pela Univer- sidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Email: S.A. and JBS S.A.); therefore, a not probabilistic sample was chosen. Content analysis through [email protected] Novethic/SCPC survey (2006) was used to measure the level of disclosure and, among the results, the primary fact observed is that most of these companies exposed to corruption Raimundo Nonato Rodrigues scandals did not modify their level of disclosed information in the fight against corruption, Doutor em Ciências Contábeis pela Universi- contradicting what was expected in a way that those companies which had higher levels of dade de São Paulo (USP). Mestre em Ciências disclosure before the scandals continued following that path. -
1 the Company That Bribed the World: a Case Study of The
THE COMPANY THAT BRIBED THE WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CORRUPTION IN A MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION Armando Castro University College London 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 9197 E-mail: [email protected] Suzana B. Rodrigues Universidade FUMEC, Brazil & RSM, Erasmus University [email protected] Nelson Phillips Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London, UK T: +44 (0)20 7594 1699 E-mail: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Although research on Multinational Enterprises (MNE) has added several interesting findings to the discussion of misconduct by complex organizations, these have largely focused on external sources of corruption, leaving behind the role of multinationals as central actors. Our paper addresses these voids by drawing upon a case study of corruption by one of the largest Latin American construction companies, Odebrecht. We try to understand the complex phenomenon of the institutionalization of corruption, chiefly how corruption occurs and persists within a multinational organization and via its subsidiaries. To do so, we explore why and how this emerging MNC created a unique model of corruption, by decoupling and internationalizing corrupt activities in a foreign subsidiary in a tax haven. 2 THE COMPANY THAT BRIBED THE WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CORRUPTION IN A MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION How and why multinationals enter different national contexts and thrive internationally are central questions in International Business (IB) research. Answers to these questions centre around two broad arguments: first defends the idea that multinationals from developed countries expand to foreign markets using their unique resources and capabilities (Peng, 2001). -
Key 2017 Developments in Latin American Anti-Corruption Enforcement
March 15, 2018 KEY 2017 DEVELOPMENTS IN LATIN AMERICAN ANTI-CORRUPTION ENFORCEMENT To Our Clients and Friends: In 2017, several Latin American countries stepped up enforcement and legislative efforts to address corruption in the region. Enforcement activity regarding alleged bribery schemes involving construction conglomerate Odebrecht rippled across Latin America's business and political environments during the year, with allegations stemming from Brazil's ongoing Operation Car Wash investigation leading to prosecutions in neighboring countries. Simultaneously, governments in Latin America have made efforts to strengthen legislative regimes to combat corruption, including expanding liability provisions targeting foreign companies and private individuals. This update focuses on five Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Peru) that have ramped up anti-corruption enforcement or passed legislation expanding anti-corruption legal regimes.[1] New laws in the region, coupled with potentially renewed prosecutorial vigor to enforce them, make it imperative for companies operating in Latin America to have robust compliance programs, as well as vigilance regarding enforcement trends impacting their industries. 1. Mexico Notable Enforcement Actions and Investigations In 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos ("Pemex") disclosed that Mexico's Ministry of the Public Function (SFP) initiated eight administrative sanctions proceedings in connection with contract irregularities involving Odebrecht affiliates.[2] The inquiries stem from a 2016 Odebrecht deferred prosecution agreement ("DPA") with the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ").[3] According to the DPA, Odebrecht made corrupt payments totaling $10.5 million USD to Mexican government officials between 2010 and 2014 to secure public contracts.[4] In September 2017, Mexico's SFP released a statement noting the agency had identified $119 million pesos (approx. -
Public Urban Transport Systems: the Case of Curitiba
Sustainable public urban transport systems: The case of Curitiba Author: Andrea Cinquina Lund University International Masters Program in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Sciences LUMES 2006/08 MESM01 Thesis Course [email protected] Supervisor: Prof. Bengt Holmberg Traffic Planning, LHT Lund University Andrea Cinquina Lumes Thesis 2008 Abstract This paper describes the present urban public transportation in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. The city was chosen for this research because of its urban public transport system, which had a major role in urban planning development; this consists of an integrated network of busses, developed in combination with land use, population density and road hierarchy, as a consequence of the Master Plan implemented by the city in the late 60s. The sustainability of the system was analysed, using as the main framework, the United Nations Habitat Agenda recommendations on sustainable transport and applying these criteria to the public transport system of Curitiba, making use of available literature, interviews and observations. From the analyses of the system, it was evident that it achieved positive indicators regarding its sustainability in the criteria of accessibility, economical feasibility and coordination of land use and transport system. However, negative indicators were also evident, that leads to the conclusion that it is not a sustainable system. These aspects were in the criteria of intermodal transportation, disincentives for private motorization traffic and the use of diesel fuel. -
Fact Sheet Fact Sheet
AMAZON FACT SHEET AMAZON FACT SHEET INTRODUCTION The Amazon is the world’s largest tropical rainforest spanning 9 different countries in South America - Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and of course Brazil which contains 60% of the Amazon Rainforest. The Rainforest covers over 75% of the Amazon Basin, with an area of 5.5 million sq kms. It comprises the largest and most bio diverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world. It is dissected by hundreds of rivers, the most notable being the mighty Amazon. The river towns of Manaus and Belem in Brazil and Iquitos and Puerto Maldonado in Peru have 19th century architecture dating back to the days of the rubber boom. There are over 1,400 species of mammals found in the Amazon, the larger mammals including the jaguar, ocelot, capybara and tapir. The Basin is inhabited by more than 1,500 species of birds including toucans, hummingbirds, macaws and other parrots. Reptiles found here include the anaconda and boa constrictor. The area is also home to over 1,000 species of amphibians and 2,200 species of fish including the red-bellied piranha. The Amazon Basin also contains thousands of plant species with tropical fruit trees such as Brazil nut, cocoa and rubber trees as well as orchids and the kapok tree, the largest tree of the Amazon that can grow to a height of 60 metres. AMAZON FACT SHEET CLIMATE The Amazon Rainforest has a tropical equatorial climate, being hot and humid throughout the year with an annual average temperature of 27°C. -
Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic