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Currency and Coin Management
The George Washington University WASHINGTON DC IBI - INSTITUTE OF BRAZILIAN BUSINESS AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ISSUES The Minerva Program Fall 2004 CURRENCY AND COIN MANAGEMENT: A COMPARISON OF AMERICAN AND BRAZILIAN MODELS Author: Francisco José Baptista Campos Advisor: Prof. William Handorf Washington, DC – December 2004 AKNOWLEDGMENTS ? to Dr. Gilberto Paim and the Instituto Cultural Minerva for the opportunity to participate in the Minerva Program; ? to the Central Bank of Brazil for having allowed my participation; ? to Professor James Ferrer Jr., Ph.D., and his staff, for supporting me at the several events of this Program; ? to Professor William Handorf, Ph.D., for the suggestions and advices on this paper; ? to Mr. José dos Santos Barbosa, Head of the Currency Management Department, and other Central Bank of Brazil officials, for the information on Brazilian currency and coin management; ? to the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and, in particular, to Mr. William Tignanelli and Miss Amy L. Eschman, who provided me precious information about US currency and coin management; ? to Mr. Peter Roehrich, GWU undergraduate finance student, for sharing data about US crrency and coin management; and, ? to Professor César Augusto Vieira de Queiroz, Ph.D., and his family, for their hospitality during my stay in Washington, DC. 2 ? TABLE OF CONTENTS I – Introduction 1.1. Objectives of this paper 1.2. A brief view of US and Brazilian currency and coin II – The currency and coin service structures in the USA and in Brazil 2.1. The US currency management structure 2.1.1. The legal basis 2.1.2. The Federal Reserve (Fed) and the Reserve Banks 2.1.3. -
Lanzamiento Del Boletín
Indice de imágenes 1. Blog. “Lima la Única”. 16. 17. 18. Web. Instituto storico “Por razones militares se fundó Lima” e di cultura dell’arma del genio * Autor. Sr. Antonio Rengifo Balarezo http://www.iscag.it/index.htm 2. Imagen tomada de Google Earth 19. Blog. 3. 4. Blog. http://caminarbcn11-12t.blogspot.com/ Trujillo intramuros - Extremadura Clara Tarragona William Navarrete 5. Blog. Mérida-Trujillo-Salamanca. 20. Web. http://www.kalipedia.com/ Mérida-Trujillo-Salamanca. La vida cotidiana en la edad media Jose M López-Cepero 6.7.Web de imágenes de historia y arte. 21.22. Web. Wikipedia http://www.adevaherranz.es/ Dictionary of French Architecture from 11th to 16th Century. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc 8.Blog. Material de Ciencias Sociales, Geografía e Historia 23.Blog. http://alenarterevista. Juan Antonio Bascón Calvillo Alena Collar 9.Blog. Taulichusco, Lima’s Last Curaca 24.Web. Diseños urbanísticos y http://enperublog.com/ peculiaridades de la ciudad medieval Sarthou Carrerares, Carlos 10.Infografía diario el Comercio 25.Web. REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE domingo 27de noviembre del 2 011. GEOGRAFÍA Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES 11.Blog. EL URBANISMO GRIEGO Universidad de Barcelona . Vol VI, nº 106, 15 de enero de 2002 José María Navarro 12.Web. A walk through ancient Miletus 26.Blog. Spanish Steps II Foundation of the Hellenic World Erik Donald 13.Blog. URBANISMO GRIEGO. DE LA 27.Web. España en el mundo POLIS ARCAICA A LA POLIS HELENÍSTICA. http://www.bne.es/es/ ATENAS, EL PIREO Y MILETO. Alfredo García 28.Web. Atlás Histórico de Colombia http://www.banrepcultural.org/ 14.Web. Egipto al descubierto. -
15 Days Peru Professional Development Trip
15 Days Peru Professional Development Trip Lima, Jauja, Cusco, Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu & the Amazon Rainforest For; Michigan State University (Larry Olsen) Dates of travel; May 13 till May 27, 2016 www.sato.travel WELCOME ......................................................................................................................................3 Proposed Itinerary.............................................................................................................................. 4 May 13 – Arrive to Lima, pickup, transfer to your hotel and overnight. ........................................4 May 14 –Private Lima City Tour, Larco Herrera Museum & fountain park (Breakfast & Lunch).....4 May 15 – Transfer to the airport for your flight to Jauja (Breakfast). .............................................7 May 16, 17 & 18 – Free days at leisure in and around Jauja / Marco. ............................................7 May 19 – Flight to Lima connecting with your flight to Cusco and transfer to your hotel. .............7 May 20 – Half day private tour of Cusco and the surrounding sites (Breakfast). ...........................8 May 21 - Full day Private Excursion to the Sacred Valley of the Incas (Breakfast & Lunch). ........11 May 22 – Expedition train to Machu Picchu, private guided tour & overnight (Breakfast). .........13 May 23 - Second day re-visit Machu Picchu, return train to Ollantaytambo (Breakfast). ............14 May 24 - Full day private excursion to Chinchero, Maras & Moray (Breakfast, Lunch) ................15 -
Country – Peru
D AT E – 4/27/10 COUNTRY – PERU COMMODIT Y – Almonds & Pistachios BOTANICAL NAME – Prunus spp., Pistachia vera PRODUCT FORM – Nuts PHYTO FORM – Fed IMPORT PERMIT – Yes RESTRICTIONS – Prohibited SUMMARY INFO – Almonds with & without shells – Import Permit and Federal Phytosanitary Certificate Required. DO NOT CERTIFY UNLESS AN IMPORT PERMIT IS PRESENTED.. Pistachios – Import Permit and Federal Phytosanitary Certificate Required. DO NOT CERTIFY UNLESS AN IMPORT PERMIT IS PRESENTED. Fruit must enter through and authorized port of entry. Ports of entry for fruits and vegetables: 1) The International Airport of Lima-Callao 2) The Post Office at Arequipa, Chiclayo, Iquitos, Lima, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Piura, Puno, Tacna, Trujillo, and Tumbes. 3) The airports at Arequipa, Chiclayo, Iquitos, Piura, Tacna, Trujillo, or Tumbes. 4) The ports are Aguas Verdes, Callao, Chicama, Eten, Ilo Iquitos, Matarani, Mollendo, Piata, Pimentel, Pisco, Puerto Maldonado, Puno, Salaverry, Tacna, Talara, Tumbes, and Yunguyo. SUBSIDIARY INFO – Phyto Certificates must be accurate and legible with no alterations or erasures and should always include the weight of the commodity in kilograms. Phyto inspections must be done within 30 days of shipment. COUNTRY – PERU D AT E – 4/21/10 COMMODIT Y – Apples, Grapes, Kiwi, Peaches, Pears BOTANICAL NAME – Malus domestica, Vitis vinifera, Actinidia chinensis, Prunus persica, Pyrus communis PRODUCT FORM – Fruit, Vegetables PHYTO FORM – Fed IMPORT PERMIT – Yes RESTRICTIONS – Prohibited SUMMARY INFO – (From CA) Import Permit and Federal Phytosanitary Certificate required. DO NOT CERTIFY UNLESS AN IMPORT PERMIT IS PRESENTED. Fruit must enter through and authorized port of entry. Ports of entry for fruits and vegetables: 1) The International Airport of Lima-Callao 2) The Post Office at Arequipa, Chiclayo, Iquitos, Lima, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Piura, Puno, Tacna, Trujillo, and Tumbes. -
Micro-Heterogeneity of Malaria Transmission in the Peruvian Amazon
Rosas‑Aguirre et al. Malar J (2017) 16:312 DOI 10.1186/s12936-017-1957-y Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Micro‑heterogeneity of malaria transmission in the Peruvian Amazon: a baseline assessment underlying a population‑based cohort study Angel Rosas‑Aguirre1,2, Mitchel Guzman‑Guzman3, Dionicia Gamboa1,3,4, Raul Chuquiyauri1,6, Roberson Ramirez3, Paulo Manrique3, Gabriel Carrasco‑Escobar3,5, Carmen Puemape3, Alejandro Llanos‑Cuentas1,5 and Joseph M. Vinetz1,3,4,6* Abstract Background: Understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission in diverse endemic settings is key for designing and implementing locally adapted and sustainable control and elimination strategies. A parasitological and epide‑ miological survey was conducted in September–October 2012, as a baseline underlying a 3-year population-based longitudinal cohort study. The aim was to characterize malaria transmission patterns in two contrasting ecological rural sites in the Peruvian Amazon, Lupuna (LUP), a riverine environment, and Cahuide (CAH), associated with road- linked deforestation. Methods: After a full population census, 1941 individuals 3 years and older (829 in LUP, 1112 in CAH) were inter‑ viewed, clinically examined and had a blood sample taken for the detection of malaria parasites by microscopy and PCR. Species-specifc parasite prevalence was estimated overall and by site. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed risk factors for parasite infection by PCR, while SaTScan detected spatial clusters of PCR-positive individuals within each site. In addition, data from routine malaria surveillance in the period 2009–2012 were obtained. Results: Parasite prevalence by PCR was higher in CAH than in LUP for Plasmodium vivax (6.2% vs. -
Pre & Post Tours
International Blueberry Organization Summit in 2020 PRE & POST TOURS AREQUIPA & COLCA TRUJILLO & CHICLAYO CUSCO & MACHU PICCHU 03 days / 02 nights 2 days / 1 night 03 days / 02 nights CUSCO, SACRED VALLEY & MACHU PICCHU PARACAS & NASCA PUERTO MALDONADO 04 days / 03 nights 02 days / 01 night 03 days / 02 nights For further information and details please contact: [email protected] International Blueberry Organization Summit in 2020 PRE & POST TOURS Arequipa & Colca 03 days | 02 nights DAY 01: TRUJILLO - LIMA - AREQUIPA • Transfer from hotel in Trujillo to the airport. • Arrival in Arequipa, transfer to hotel. • PM Arequipa City Tour. • Overnight at selected hotel in Arequipa. DAY 02: AREQUIPA – COLCA • Breakfast at hotel. Check out. • Excursion to Colca, lunch included. • Overnight at selected hotel in Colca. DAY 03: COLCA – AREQUIPA - LIMA • Breakfast at hotel. • Check out Colca hotel. • Visit to “Cruz del Cóndor”, lunch included. • Return to Arequipa, transfer to the airport. PRICE PER PERSON IN US$ - MINIMUM 02 PERSONS HOTELS IN AREQUIPA & COLCA SINGLE ROOM DOUBLE ROOM El Cabildo 4* / Aranwa Colca 4* or similar USD 575 USD 450 San Agustin Posada del Monasterio 3* / Casa Andina US$ 465 US$ 400 Colca 3* or similar • Hotels subject to availability . • Price per person in US Dollars, only for foreigners / non-residents in Peru. • Transfers and excursions in shared service. • Domestic ticket is not included. For further information and details please contact: [email protected] International Blueberry Organization Summit in 2020 PRE & POST TOURS Trujillo & Chiclayo 02 days | 01 night DAY 01: TRUJILLO - CHICLAYO • Check-Out Trujillo hotel. • Panoramic City tour of Trujillo. • Transfer to Chiclayo, on road visit the archaeological complex “El Brujo”. -
EL ESCUDO DE ARMAS J)E FRANCISCO PIZARRO REFLEJO DE LA Conqljista DEL PERÚ
REAL ACADEMIA MATRITENSE DE HERÁLDICA Y GENEALOGÍA EL ESCUDO DE ARMAS J)E FRANCISCO PIZARRO REFLEJO DE LA CONQlJISTA DEL PERÚ DISCURSO LEÍDO EL DÍA 17 DE JUNIO DE 1999 EN LA RECEPCIÓN PÚBLICA DEL ILMO. SR. DON PEDRO CORDERO ALVARADO y CONTESTACIÓN POR EL EXCMO. SR. DON JOSÉ MIGUEL DE MAYORALGO Y LODO Conde de los Accvedos • ,.-rr~" '•~·· PE ACADEMIA ASOCIADA MADRID MCMXCIX REAL ACADEMIA MATRITENSE DE HERÁLDICA Y GENEALOGÍA EL ESCUDO DE ARMAS DE FRANCISCO PIZARRO REFLEJO DE LA CONQUISTA DEL PERÚ DISCURSO LEÍDO EL DÍA 17 DE JUNIO DE 1999 EN LA RECEPCIÓN PÚBLICA DEL ILMO. SR. DON PEDRO CORDERO ALVARADO y CONTESTACIÓN POR EL EXCMO. SR. DON JOSÉ MIGUEL DE MAYORALGO Y LODO Conde de los Acevedos -'• .r{l"'\, ·....... , ~· ACADEMIA ASOCIADA MADRID MCMXCIX Es una publicación de: Quercus ©PEDRO CORDERO ALVARADO © FOTOGRAFÍAS DE ABELARDO MUÑOZ SÁNCHEZ Y ANTONIO BUENO FLORES D.L. BA- 276/99 Diseña e imprime CISAN Trav. de Carrión, 1 - Telf. 924 400 280. Fax. 924 400 051 E-mail: [email protected] Alburquerque (España-Spain) DISCURSO DEL ILMO. SR. DON PEDRO CORDERO ALVARADO (Qué sabia es nuestra sombra, pues nos permite calcular los límites de nuestra humana me-zguindad). Señores Académicos: «En el hombre no has de ver/ su hermosura o gentileza/ su hermosu ra es su nobleza/ su gentileza el saber» sentenciaba el dramaturgo español Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, nacido en la ciudad de Méjico hacia 1581, y muerto en Madrid, en 1639, en uno de sus conocidos dramas. Por mi natural poé tico no he podido resistir la tentación de utilizar la dulce tiranía de -
Primer Reporte Nacional De Indicadores Urbanos 2018 Urbanos De Indicadores Nacional | Primer Reporte Ciudades Del Perú
Ciudades WWF trabaja desde 1961 por un planeta del Perú Es una empresa de urbanismo y vivo. Hoy es una de las organizaciones de ambiente que tiene el propósito de conservación más queridas y respetadas contribuir a crear ciudades y territorios en el mundo, y cuenta con el respaldo de Primer Reporte Nacional de más sostenibles, interviniendo en 5 millones de miembros y con presencia espacios abiertos y periféricos, paisajes en más de 100 países. Indicadores Urbanos 2018 de valor cultural y ambiental, centros poblados urbanos y rurales, generando Su misión es detener la degradación Con un enfoque de sostenibilidad y resiliencia beneficios en la comunidad y el del ambiente natural en nuestro ambiente. PERIFERIA aspira a ser parte planeta y construir un futuro en el cual del sistema de Empresas B o empresas los seres humanos vivan en armonía de beneficio de interés colectivo (www. con la naturaleza; conservando la sistemab.org). diversidad biológica, asegurando el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales Para cumplir su propósito como empresa renovables, promoviendo la reducción B, el equipo de PERIFERIA diseña y de la contaminación e incentivando un realiza investigaciones y estrategias de consumo responsable. Trujillo Cusco incidencia en temas de interés público de la mano de un equipo de jóvenes WWF inició sus esfuerzos en el Perú en investigadores y estudiantes. Los 1969 cuando contribuyó con la exitosa temas elegidos incluyen el análisis de recuperación de la vicuña apoyando Arequipa indicadores de sostenibilidad urbana; la primera área natural protegida para las políticas de conservación de la el manejo de especies silvestres en el infraestructura ecológica de las ciudades; país, la Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras la promoción de los espacios públicos en Ayacucho. -
Gold, Landscape, and Economy in Cristobal De Acuña’S Nuevo Descubrimiento Del Gran Rio De Las Amazonas (1641)
Gold, Landscape, and Economy in Cristobal de Acuña’s Nuevo Descubrimiento del Gran Rio de las Amazonas (1641) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Daniel Dinca M.A. Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Professor Ulises Juan Zevallos-Aguilar, advisor Professor Ignacio Corona Professor Fernando Unzueta Copyright by Daniel Dinca 2015 Abstract This dissertation analyzes how nature is represented and the functions it serves in the discourse of Nuevo descubrimiento del Gran rio de las Amazonas (1641) written by Cristobal de Acuña, one of the first detailed published accounts about the “discovery” of the Amazon region by Europeans. I argue that in Cristobal de Acuña’s narrative, Nuevo descubrimiento del Gran rio de las Amazonas (1641), the narrating subject tries to persuade the Spanish Crown to acknowledge the great economic potential that the natural resources from the Amazon region have to offer, how they would add to the wealth of the Spanish Empire and implicitly begin the Spanish efforts to colonize and evangelize the Amazon region. I claim that Acuña is “ahead of his time” and thinks like an innovative entrepreneurial capitalist proposing a new economic model for generating sustainable wealth: extraction and manufacture of the natural resources found in the Amazon region under a “state-guided” capitalistic system. Acuña does not just describe the unique, exotic landscapes he encounters in his voyage down the Amazon River, but rather these landscape descriptions serve the purpose of emphasizing the economic value of nature in the region. -
LOW WATER SEASON (June-November)
SEVEN-NIGHT ITINERARY AQUA AMAZON LOW WATER SEASON (June-November) Day 1: SaturdAy IQUITOS/AMAZON RIVER 6:00 p.m. Embarkation and Check-In From the moment you step on board, enjoy the AQUA AMAZON’s low-key luxury. As you settle into your handsomely appointed, generously proportioned suite, you will feel the vessel begin to move – the beginning of one of your life’s great adventures. We suggest you stand on the Upper Deck to take in the view, as the AQUA AMAZON leaves Iquitos behind. Over the next seven days, you will also sail along the two largest tributaries of the Peruvian Amazon, the Ucayali and the Maranon, as well as on the mighty Amazon itself. You are embarking on a spectacular journey to a place visited by only a very few of even the most experienced world travelers. 7:30 p.m. Safety Drill and Briefing on the Upper Deck Before dinner we will perform a routine safety drill. Then it’s into the air-conditioned lounge, where you will learn about life on board, and will have the first nightly briefing about your next day’s Amazon adventure. You will meet our naturalist guides and your cruise director, who will use video, photos, and maps to introduce the details of your journey deep into the Peruvian Amazon. 8:00 p.m. Welcome Dinner Sit down, relax, sip fine South American wine, toast the beginning of a beautiful journey and enjoy the innovative Amazonian cuisine, created by our Executive Chef Pedro Miguel Schiaffino, whose restaurant, Malabar, is the one of Lima’s top ranked dining experiences. -
Peru | Flooding in Iquitos
Financing Experience in the Peruvian Amazon region Changing the paradigm to act faster FLOODING IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON REGION River Amazon monitoring (Enapu) Every year parts of the Amazon forest flood from December to May. This floo- ding is caused by seasonal rains in the Peruvian Andes. Flow09_10 Flow10_11 Flooding can be extreme Flow11_12 Flow12_13 in some years due to chan- Flow13_14 Level ges in rainfall patterns that Flow14_15 are getting more extreme Flow15_16 and more frequent due to climate change. This cau- ses losses in infrastructure and livelihoods and affects people’s health. Oct 2016 Jan 2017 Apr 2017 Jul 2017 Date The largest recent floods came in 1999, 2012 and 2015. The highest record was 118.97m river level, in April 2012 at the Enapu station. Many communities were affected (see be- low); 26,000 hectares were flooded, as well as urban areas of the province Maynas. 2 2012 3,417 72,642 229,412 displaced affected victims families houses 2015 1,558 18,612 113,485 displaced affected victims families houses Source: INDECI THE CONCEPT OF FORECAST-BASED FINANCING Forecast-based financing (FbF) develops new procedures and methodologies to prepare vulnerable people facing a disaster in a more efficient and effective way. Using domestic and international hydro-meteorological forecast information, it sets danger levels and pre- defines early actions. These actions are activated when a forecast exceeds a danger level in the intervention area (for example, a river flow that has caused flooding in the past). Ac- tions can be implemented before the disaster occurs and resilience is strengthened, both at institutional and community level. -
Public Urban Transport Systems: the Case of Curitiba
Sustainable public urban transport systems: The case of Curitiba Author: Andrea Cinquina Lund University International Masters Program in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Sciences LUMES 2006/08 MESM01 Thesis Course [email protected] Supervisor: Prof. Bengt Holmberg Traffic Planning, LHT Lund University Andrea Cinquina Lumes Thesis 2008 Abstract This paper describes the present urban public transportation in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. The city was chosen for this research because of its urban public transport system, which had a major role in urban planning development; this consists of an integrated network of busses, developed in combination with land use, population density and road hierarchy, as a consequence of the Master Plan implemented by the city in the late 60s. The sustainability of the system was analysed, using as the main framework, the United Nations Habitat Agenda recommendations on sustainable transport and applying these criteria to the public transport system of Curitiba, making use of available literature, interviews and observations. From the analyses of the system, it was evident that it achieved positive indicators regarding its sustainability in the criteria of accessibility, economical feasibility and coordination of land use and transport system. However, negative indicators were also evident, that leads to the conclusion that it is not a sustainable system. These aspects were in the criteria of intermodal transportation, disincentives for private motorization traffic and the use of diesel fuel.