Non-Resident Member

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Non-Resident Member NON-RESIDENT MEMBER, ELECTED UNDER THE OLD LAWS. Sir Richard Griffiths, Bart., Dublin. LIST OP HONORARY FELLO W S. His Majesty the King of the Belgians. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. FOREIGNERS (LIMITED TO THIRTY-SIX.) Louis Agassiz, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Alexander Dallas Bache, Washington. J. B. A. L. Leonce Elie de Beaumont, Paris. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, Heidleberg. Victor Cousin, Paris. James D. Dana, LL.D.; Newhaven. Connecticut. Jean Baptiste Dumas, Paris. Charles Dupin, Do. Ohristien Gottfried Ehrenberg, Berlin. Johann Franz Encke, Do. Pierre Marie Jean Flourens, Paris. Jean Bernard Leon Foucault, Do. Elias Fries, Upsala. Franpois Pierre Guillaume Guizot, Paris. AVilhelm Karl Haidinger, Vienna. Christopher Hansteen, Christiania. Hermann Helmholtz, Heidelberg. Albert Kolliker, Wurzburg. J. Lamont, Munich. Richard Lepsius, Berlin. Rudolph Leuckart, Giessen. Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier, Paris. Baron Justus von Liebig, Munich. Carl Friedrich Philip von Martius, Munich. Henry Milne-Edwards, Paris. Theodore Mommsen, Berlin. Adolphe Pictet, Geneva. Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet, Brussels. Henri Victor Regnault, Paris. Auguste De la Rive, Geneva. Gustav Rose, Berlin. Christian Fredrich Schbnbein, Basle. Angelo Secchi, Rome. Karl Theodore von Siebold, Munich. Bernard Studer, Berne. BRITISH SUBJECTS (LIMITED TO TWENTY, BY LAW X.) John Couch Adams, Esq., Cambridge. George Biddell Airy, Esq., Greenwich. Arthur Cayley, Esq., Cambridge. Charles Darwin, Esq., Down, Bromley, Kent, Michael Faraday, Esq., London. Thomas Graham, Esq., Do. Sir John Frederick William Herseliel, Bart., Collingwood. William Lassell, Esq., Liverpool. Rev. Dr Humphrey Lloyd, Dublin. Sir William E. Logan, London. Sir Charles Lyell, Bart., Do. John Stuart Mill, Do. Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Do. Richard Owen, Esq., Do. Earl of Rosse, Parsonstown. Lieut.-General Edward Sabine, R.A. London. George Gabriel Stokes, Cambridge. William Henry Fox Talbot, Esq., Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire. Alfred Tennyson, Freshwater, Lsle of Wight. The following Public Institutions and Individuals are entitled to receive Copies of the Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh :— ENGLAND. Edinburgh, Highland and Agricultural Society. The British Museum. Royal Medical Society, The Bodleian Library, Oxford. Royal Physical Society. The University Library, Cambridge. Royal Scottish Society of Arts. Glasgow, University Library. The Royal Society. St Andrews, University Library. The Linnean Society. Aberdeen, University Library. The Society for the Encouragement of Arts. The Geological Society. IRELAND. The Royal Astronomical Society. The Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The Royal Asiatic Society. The Royal Irish Academy. The Zoological Society. COLONIES, &C. The Royal Society of Literature. The Royal Horticultural Society. The Asiatic Society of Calcutta. The Royal Institution. Library of Geological Survey, Calcutta. The Royal Geographical Society. The Literary and Historical Society of Toronto. The Statistical Society. University of Sydney. The Institution of Civil Engineers. CONTINENT OP EUROPE. The Institute of British Architects. The Hydrographical Office, Admiralty. Amsterdam, Royal Institute of Holland. The Medico-Chirurgical Society. Berlin, Royal Academy of Sciences. The Athenseum Club. Physical Society. The Cambridge Philosophical Society. Berne, Society of Swiss Naturalists. The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Bologna, Academy of Sciences. Society. Bonn, Caesarean Academy of Naturalists. The Yorkshire Philosophical Society. Brussels, Royal Academy of Sciences. The Chemical Society of London. Buda, Literary Society of Hungary. The Museum of Economic Geology. Copenhagen, Royal Academy of Sciences. The United Service Institution. Frankfort, the Senkenbergian Museum. The Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Geneva, Natural History Society. The Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. Giessen, University Library. The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. Gottingen, University Library. The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Haarlem, Natural History Society. Leipzig, Royal Saxon Academy. SCOTLAND. Lille, Royal Society of Sciences. Edinburgh, University Library. Lisbon, Royal Academy of Sciences. Advocates' Library. Lyons, Agricultural Society. College of Physicians. Milan, Royal, Institute. Moscow, Imperial Academy of Naturalists. Upsala, Society of Sciences. Munich, Royal Academy of Sciences of Bavaria Venice, Royal Institute. (2 copies). Vienna, Imperial Academy of Sciences. Neufchatel, Museum of Natural History. Geological Society. Paris, Royal Academy of Sciences. Geologico-Botanical Society. ... Geographical Society. ... Royal Society of Agriculture. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ... Society for Encouragement of Industry. Boston, the Bowditeh Library. ... Geological Society of France. Academy of Arts and Sciences. ... Ecole des Mines. New York, State Library. ... Marine Depot. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society. ... Museum of Jardin des Plantes. Academy of Natural Sciences Rotterdam, Batavian Society of Experimental Washington, the Smithsonian Institution. Philosophy. Stockholm, Royal Academy of Sciences. St Petersburg!), Imperial Academy of Sciences. (All the Honorary and Ordinary Fellows of the Pulkowa Observatory. Society are entitled to the Transactions and Turin, Royal Academy of Sciences. Proceedings.} M. Michelotti. The following Institutions and Individuals receive the Proceedings only:— ENGLAND. COLONIES. The Scarborough Philosophical Society. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Quebec. The Whitby Philosophical Society. The Library of the Geological Survey, Canada. The Newcastle Philosophical Society. The Literary Society of Madras. The Geological Society of Cornwall. China Branch of Asiatic Society, Hongkong. The Ashmolean Society of Oxford. North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liver- Shanghae. pool. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. SCOTLAND. Utrecht, the Literary and Philosophical Society. The Philosophical Society of Glasgow. Paris, Editor of L'Institut. The Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Cherbourg, Society of Natural Sciences. The Geological Society of Edinburgh. Catania in Sicily, Acadeinia Govenia de Scienze Naturali. IRELAND. UNITED STATES. The Natural History Society of Dublin. H. T. Parker, Esq., Harvard College, Cambridge..
Recommended publications
  • Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1
    Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 2 License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy Author: George Biddell Airy Release Date: January 9, 2004 [EBook #10655] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR GEORGE AIRY *** Produced by Joseph Myers and PG Distributed Proofreaders AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K.C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ASTRONOMER ROYAL FROM 1836 TO 1881. EDITED BY WILFRID AIRY, B.A., M.Inst.C.E. 1896 PREFACE. The life of Airy was essentially that of a hard-working, business man, and differed from that of other hard-working people only in the quality and variety of his work. It was not an exciting life, but it was full of interest, and his work brought him into close relations with many scientific men, and with many men high in the State.
    [Show full text]
  • New Force at Large Distances
    New force at large distances Daniel Grumiller Institute for Theoretical Physics Vienna University of Technology TEDx Vienna, November 2010 I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? I What is the nature of space, time and matter? Some questions physics cannot address: We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? (picture by NASA) D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 I What is the nature of space, time and matter? Some questions physics cannot address: We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? (picture by lifesbalancebeam) D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 Some questions physics cannot address: We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? I What is the nature of space, time and matter? (picture by spacescan.org) D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? I What is the nature of space, time and matter? Some questions physics cannot address: D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 What is the Universe made of? D.
    [Show full text]
  • Sturm Und Dung: Justus Von Liebig and the Chemistry of Agriculture
    Sturm und Dung: Justus von Liebig and the Chemistry of Agriculture Pat Munday, Montana Tech, Butte, Montana 59701-8997, USA In August of 1990, I completed a PhD dissertadon titled "Sturm und Dung: Justus von Liebig and the Chemistry of Agriculture"1 as a graduate Student with the Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology at Comell University. In this work, I tried to utilize the historical tools I had lear- ned from the members my doctoral committee, Chaired by Professor Dr. L. Pearce Williams; the other two members of my committee were Professor Dr. Isabel V. Hüll and Professor Dr. Margaret W. Rossiter. Briefly, these tools included: a thorough mastery of the secondary literature; utilizadon of primary and manuscript sources, especially manuscript sources neglected by previous historians; and "a radical cridque of central institudons and sacred cows" achieved, in part, through "focussing on eccentricity and contradiction. "2 As mentors for my life and models3 for my work, I thank Professors Williams, Hüll, and Rossiter, and apologize for my shortcomings as their Student. I have published a few articles cannibalized from my dissertadon.4 Since I now am fortunate enough to work with an insdtudon that emphasizes teaching over the publication of obscure books, I have never been pressured to publish my dissertadon as such. Based on my correspondence and rare attendance at Pro- fessional meetings, I thought my work on Liebig had been received lukewannly at best. It therefore came as a great surprise when, because of my dissertadon, I received one of the two 1994 Liebig-Wöhler-Freundschafts Preise sponsored by Wilhelm Lewicki and awarded by the Göttinger Chemische Gesellschaft.
    [Show full text]
  • Biography: Justus Von Liebig
    Biography: Justus von Liebig Justus von Liebig (1803 – 1873) was a German chemist. He taught chemistry at the University of Giessen and the University of Munich. The University of Giessen currently bears his name. Liebig is called the father of fertilizers. He confirmed the hypothesis concerning the mineral nutrition of plants, which became the basis for the development of modern agricultural chemistry. Liebig’s research is considered a precursor to the study of the impact of environmental factors on organisms. He formulated the law of the minimum, which states that the scarcest resource is what limits a given organism. He also developed a process for producing meat extract and founded the company Liebig Extract of Meat Company whose trademark was the beef bouillon cube, which he invented. Justus von Liebig was born into a middle class In 1824, at the age of 21, Liebig became a family from Darmstadt on May 12, 1803. As a professor at the University of Giessen. While in child, he was already fascinated by chemistry. Germany, he founded and edited the magazine When he was 13 years old, most of the crops in the Annalen der Chemie, which became the leading Northern Hemisphere were destroyed by a journal of chemistry in Germany. volcanic winter. Germans were among the most In 1837, he was elected a member of the Royal affected. It is said that this experience influenced Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1845, started the subsequent work of Liebig and the working at the University of Munich, where he establishment of his company. remained until his death.
    [Show full text]
  • Kew Observatory and the Evolution of Victorian Science, 1840–1910
    introduction Kew Observatory, Victorian Science, and the “Observatory Sciences” One more recent instance of the operations of this Society in this respect I may mention, in addition to those I have slightly enumerated. I mean the important accession to the means of this Society of a fixed position, a place for deposit, regula- tion, and comparison of instruments, and for many more purposes than I could name, perhaps even more than are yet contemplated, in the Observatory at Kew. Address by Lord Francis Egerton to British Association for the Advancement of Science, June 1842 When in 1842 Lord Egerton, president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), announced the association’s acquisition of Kew Observatory (figure I.1), he heralded the inaugura- tion of what would become one of the major institutions of nineteenth- century British—indeed international—science. Originally built as a pri- vate observatory for King George III and long in a moribund state, after 1842 the Kew building would, as Egerton predicted, become a multi- functional observatory, put to more purposes than were even imagined in 1842. It became distinguished in several sciences: geomagnetism, me- teorology, solar astronomy, and standardization—the latter term being used in this book to refer to testing scientific instruments and develop- ing prototypes of instruments to be used elsewhere, as well as establish- ing and refining constants and standards of measurement. Many of the major figures in the physical sciences of the nineteenth century were in some way involved with Kew Observatory. For the first twenty months of the twentieth century, Kew was the site of the National Physical Labora- 3 © 2018 University of Pittsburgh Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent News 28,270 MILES - WAY to GO!
    Number 62 Spring 2017 TREASURE HUNT – 16 Where is this bridge (hint: it is not in the UK) and who designed it? Can you see the parabola and its tangent? Recent News 28,270 MILES - WAY TO GO! In October last year a record was set for the longest single road route ever worked out. The Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) was first posed in the 1930’s by Merrill Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem in the US and it asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the origin city?" This is an example of an optimisation problem and is of immense importance to businesses who need to make deliveries to many places as the shortest route between the warehouse and drop off points generally means considerable saving in time and money. The TSP also has applications in computing DNA sequences, aiming telescopes and designing computer chip circuits. William Cook and a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada calculated a round route that starts in Portland, Dorset and finishes in Weymouth, four miles away has at least 100 times more stops than the previous longest TSP. It links 24,727 hostelries in the UK. EDITORIAL SQUARE NUMBERS Welcome back to a new term and a new year! We In SYMmetryplus 61, Autumn 2016, modular arithmetic congratulate Mathematical Pie for their 200th edition was used to find a prime factor of 283 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mystery and Majesty
    The mystery and majesty Nearly 40 years after THE SPACE AGE BLASTED off when the Soviet Union launched the Voyager 2 visited Uranus world’s first artificial satellite in 1957. Since then, humanity has explored our cosmic and Neptune, scientists are backyard with vigor — and yet two planets have fallen to the planetary probe wayside. eager for new expeditions. In the 63 years since Sputnik, humanity has only visited Neptune and Uranus once BY JOEL DAVIS — when Voyager 2 flew past Uranus in January 1986 and Neptune in August 1989 40 ASTRONOMY • DECEMBER 2020 of the ICE GIANTS — and even that wasn’t entirely pre- interstellar mission, more than a dozen pro- In 1781, Uranus became the first planet planned. The unmitigated success of posals have been offered for return missions ever discovered using a telescope. Nearly 200 years later, Voyager 2 Voyager 1 and 2 on their original mission to one or both ice giants. So far, none have became the first spacecraft to visit to explore Jupiter and Saturn earned the made it past the proposal stage due to lack Uranus and Neptune, in 1986 and 1989 respectively. NASA/JPL twin spacecrafts further missions in our of substantial scientific interest. Effectively, solar system and beyond, with Neptune and the planetary research community has been Uranus acting as the last stops on a Grand giving the ice giants the cold shoulder. Tour of the outer solar system. But recently, exoplanet data began In the 31 years since Voyager 2 left the revealing the abundance of icy exoplanets Neptune system in 1989 and began its in our galaxy “and new questions about WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 41 With a rotation axis tilted more than 90 degrees compared to its orbital plane, Neptune likewise has a highly tilted rotation axis and tilted magnetic axis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Charles Knight-Joseph Hooker Correspondence
    A man tenax propositi: transcriptions of letters from Charles Knight to William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker between 1852 and 1883 David J. Galloway Hon. Research Associate Landcare Research, and Te Papa Tongarewa [email protected] Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133J December 2013 Published by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand Inc, 2013 Information on the Society and its publications is given at www.gsnz.org.nz © Copyright David J. Galloway, 2013 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133J ISBN 978-1-877480-36-2 ISSN 2230-4495 (Online) ISSN 2230-4487 (Print) This document is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from the Geoscience Society website at: http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/misc-series-i-49.html Bibliographic Reference Galloway D.J. 2013: A man tenax propositi: transcriptions of letters from Charles Knight to William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker between 1852 and 1883 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133J. 88 pages. A man tenax propositi: transcriptions of letters from Charles Knight to William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker between 1852 and 1883 Contents Introduction 3 Charles Knight correspondence at Kew 5 Acknowledgements 6 Summaries of the letters 7 Transcriptions of the letters from Charles Knight 15 Footnotes 70 References 77 Figure 1: Dr Charles Knight FLS, FRCS 2 Figure 2: Group photograph including Charles Knight 2 Figure 3: Page of letter from Knight to Hooker 14 Table 1: Comparative chronology of Charles Knight, W.J. Hooker and J.D. Hooker 86 1 Figure 1: Dr Charles Knight FLS, FRCS Alexander Turnbull Library,Wellington, New Zealand ¼-015414 Figure 2: Group taken in Walter Mantell‟s garden about 1865 showing Charles Knight (left), John Buchanan and James Hector (right) and Walter Mantell and his young son, Walter Godfrey Mantell (seated on grass).
    [Show full text]
  • Monday Morning Plenary
    By Kelpie Wilson Biochar in the 19th Century The role of agricultural chemist Justus Liebig 19th century “bloggers” spread the charcoal meme Charcoal in a campaign to save the starving Irish Charcoal and the London Sewage Question Charcoal and food security Some Final Questions Justus von Liebig 1803 - 1873 Justus Liebig is recognized as one of the first genuine experimental chemists. At a young age, he established a laboratory at Giessen that was the envy of Europe. Beginnings of Chemical Agriculture Through his experimental work, Liebig established the "law of the minimum," that states that plant growth is constrained by the least available nutrient in the soil. These discoveries spurred a growing fertilizer industry that mined and shipped huge amounts of guano, bonemeal, lime and other fertilizers from all parts of the world to fertilize the fields of Europe and eliminate the need for crop rotations and fallow periods to replenish the soil. Vitalism or Physical Determinism? In Liebig’s time, the chemical approach to agriculture was new. The prevailing theories invoked the principle of vitalism. Vitalism: A doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physicochemical forces. Believers in vitalism thought that black soil contained an organic life force or "vitalism" that could not be derived from dead, inorganic chemicals. This theory was based on the well-known fact that "virgin" soil from recently cleared forests was black and fertile. Early chemists extracted this black substance and called it “humus”. Was vitalism a relic of ancient religion? The Greek Goddess Gaia – Goddess of the Fertile Earth Black Virgin images found in churches throughout Europe may represent the vital principle of the black soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Astbury (Arthur Kenelm)
    ASTBURY (ARTHUR KENELM). The black fens. 8 0 Cambridge, 1958. .91(4259) Ast. ASTBURY (JOHN). Diss. ... inaug. de morbis cutaneis. 8 0 Edin. , 1781. Att. 77.7.7/16. --- Another copy. Att. 77.7.8/16. ASTBURY (NORMAN FREDERICK). Introduction to electrical applied physics. 80 Lond. , 1956. Engin. Lib. ASTBURY (WILLIAM THOMAS). Fundamentals of fibre structure. With an introd. by Sir W. Bragg. 80 Lond.. 1933. C. M. L. --- Textile fibres under the X-rays. 80 Birmingham pr., n. d. 5397:. 6335 Ast. [ASTELL (MARY). ] An essay in defence of the female sex. In which are inserted the characters of a pedant, a squire, a beau, a vertuoso, a poetaster, a city-critick, &c. In a letter to a lady. Written by a lady. 2nd ed. 120 Lond. , 1696. GGE . a—.4. E-B. 39e Asf ADDITIONS 1 AST B URY (RAYMOND) . --- ed. Libraries and the book trade; papers delivered at a symposium held at Liverpool School of Librarian- ship, May 1967 ... Lond. , 1968. .6555:.02 Ast. --- ed. The writer in the market place. See WRITER (The) in the market place. ASTELL (MARY) continued]. --- A fair way with the Dissenters and their patrons. Not writ by M. L ----- y, or any other furious Jacobite . but by a very moderate person and dutiful subject to the Queen [i.e. M.A.]. Lond., 1704. *A.7.15 4- --- An impartial enquiry into the causes of rebellion and civil war in this kingdom in an examination of Dr. Kennett's sermon, Jan. 31, 1703/4, and indication of the royal martyr. LAnon.1 Lond., 1704.
    [Show full text]
  • History Group Newsletter
    HISTORY GROUP NEWSLETTER News, views and a miscellany published by the Royal Meteorological Society’s Special Interest Group for the History of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Issue No.2, 2015 CONTENTS VALETE AND THANK YOU Valete and thank you .................................. 1 In this issue ................................................. 1 from Malcolm Walker Forthcoming meetings ................................ 2 All members of the History Group should know The year without a summer, 1816 ............... 3 by now that I have stepped down as Chairman After the death of Admiral FitzRoy .............. 3 of the Group. I had planned to do this in 2016, Jehuda Neumann Memorial Prize ............... 11 by which time I would have chaired the Group Did you know? ............................................ 11 for nineteen years. My hand has been forced, Forgotten met offices – Butler’s Cross ......... 12 however, by the onset of cancer. Mountaintop weather ................................. 15 Mountaintop weather continued ................ 16 The Group was founded towards the end of Operational centenary ................................ 17 1982 and held its first meetings in 1983. I have Units and Daylight Saving Time ................... 20 been a member of the Group’s committee The Royal Meteorological Society in 1904 ... 22 from the outset. Publications by History Group members ..... 23 I have received a very large number of letters, The troubled story of the Subtropical Jet .... 24 cards and emails expressing best wishes and The Met Éireann Library .............................. 29 goodwill for a speedy and full recovery from Recent publications .................................... 30 Different views of the Tower of the Winds .. 31 my illness. I am so very grateful for the many National Meteorological Library and Archive 31 kind words you have written, especially for the 2015 members ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • "Early Roots of the Organic Movement: a Plant Nutrition Perspective"
    and beast. But that which came from earth there is nothing more beneficial than to turn up a Early Roots of the must return to earth and that which came crop of lupines, before they have podded, eitherwith Organic Movement: from air to air. Death, however, does not the plough or the fork, or else to cut them and bury destroy matter but only breaks up the union them them in heaps at the roots of trees and vines.” A Plant Nutrition of its elements which are then recombined Though Pliny and subsequent writers over into other forms. (Browne, 1943) the centuries extolled the benefits of manuring Perspective from a scientific viewpoint, little advance was This atomic, cyclic, and nonconvertible chain made on the reasons for these benefits. Generally, ofelements through thesoil-plant-animal system the Aristotelian concept of the four elements held Ronald F. Korcak was opposed by Aristotle’s (384-322 BC) mutual sway into the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages, convertibility of the four elements: earth, water, generally, represent a quiescent period devoid of fire, and air. Since, according to Aristotle, the any advances in scienceand technology-no less material constituents of the world were formed in the understanding of plant mineral nutrition. from unions of these four elements, plants assimi- Some notable exceptions to this void would have Additional index words. humus theory, lated minute organic matter particles through their profound influences on the development of a theory Justus von Liebig, plant nutrition roots which were preformed miniatures (Browne, of plant nutrition near the end of the Middle Ages.
    [Show full text]