Beyond Our First Moonbase
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ANNUAL REPORT Academic Year 2019-2020
ANNUAL REPORT Academic Year 2019-2020 International Space University The International Space University, founded in 1987 in Massachusetts, US, and now headquartered in Stras- bourg, France, is the world’s premier international space education institution. It is supported by major space agencies and aerospace organizations from around the world. The graduate level programs offered by ISU are dedicated to promoting international, interdisciplinary and intercultural cooperation in space activities. ISU offers the Master of Science in Space Studies program at its Central Campus in Strasbourg. Since the summer of 1988, ISU conducts the two-month Space Studies Program at different host institutions in locations spanning the globe; more recently the Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program; and the online Interactive Space Program. ISU programs are delivered by over 100 ISU faculty members in concert with invited industry and agency experts from institutions around the world. Since its founding, more than 5000 students from 110 countries graduated from ISU. Contact Info: 1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini Parc d’Innovation 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France [email protected] Phone: +33-3-88-65-54-30 Fax: +33-3-88-65-54-47 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Page 1 1. Summary and Key Figures Page 3 2. Master of Space Studies - MSS20 Page 4 3. Interactive Space Program - ISP20 in lieu of SSP20 Page 9 4. Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program - SHSSP20 Page 12 5. Commercial Space Course - CSP20 Page 15 6. Short Courses Page 17 7. Research and Publications Page 19 8. Space start-up Incubator Page 23 9. Alumni Affairs Page 24 10. Faculty and Executive Appointments Page 27 11. -
Exploration of the Moon
Exploration of the Moon The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it. NASA's Apollo program was the first, and to date only, mission to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times. The first landing took place in 1969, when astronauts placed scientific instruments and returnedlunar samples to Earth. Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid prepares to descend towards the surface of the Moon. NASA photo. Contents Early history Space race Recent exploration Plans Past and future lunar missions See also References External links Early history The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (d. 428 BC) reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. His non-religious view of the heavens was one cause for his imprisonment and eventual exile.[1] In his little book On the Face in the Moon's Orb, Plutarch suggested that the Moon had deep recesses in which the light of the Sun did not reach and that the spots are nothing but the shadows of rivers or deep chasms. -
Volume 3, Number 3, November 2014
THE STAR THE NEWSLETTER OF THE MOUNT CUBA ASTRONOMICAL GROUP VOL. 3 NUM. 3 CONTACT US AT DAVE GROSKI [email protected] OR HANK BOUCHELLE [email protected] 302-983-7830 OUR PROGRAMS ARE HELD THE SECOND TUESDAY OF EACH MONTH AT 7:30 P.M. UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE MOUNT CUBA ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY 1610 HILLSIDE MILL ROAD GREENVILLE DE. FOR DIRECTIONS PLEASE VISIT www.mountcuba.org PLEASE SEND ALL PHOTOS AND ARTICLES TO [email protected] 1 NOVEMBER MEETING TUESDAY THE 11TH 7:30 p.m. OCTOBER MEETING REVIEW: Dave Groski gave a presentation on the Spilhaus Space Clock. This is such an interesting devise that I shall cover it in more detail under the Points of Interest section of the STAR. Dr. Hank Bouchelle once again gave a truly informative talk on not one but several topics related to Astronomy and Physics in general. Since he covered such a varied group of topics, I shall also cover them in the Points of Interest section. Phenomena: Knock! Knock! Is Anyone home? Hank Bouchelle Cinematic depictions of the events accompanying an alien visit are almost uniformly dire. Alien intentions are almost always destructive, deadly, or intended to enslave. They destroy entire populations, and unleash weapons that easily turn Earth to dust. Reports of personal interactions with aliens frequently relate queasy adventures in proctology. It is a bit strange, then, that many people, especially among the scientific community, spare no effort or cost to detect alien messages or the electronic fingerprint of signals that are not produced by the nature. -
ART and ECLIPSES Established in History with Customs and Norms
Volume 6, Issue 4 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER Page 23 ART AND ECLIPSES established in history with customs and norms. These Andean Indians also had established a great deal of accuracy in solar observations and calculations. But the question still remains, did isolated indians have a way to know what time this eclipse would start? Did they, in- stead keep a fire burning all day? (unlikely at this altitude to keep gasoline burning all day) If they did know when... then how? Jen Winter From: Michel-André Levy Do you really think that a logical behaviour, when an eclipse is announced, is to light fires ? I don't think any of the list members ever did so during an eclipse. There are various reasons for keeping a fire burning during the day. In the alti- plano, I suppose it can be cold. Or may be they wanted to cook something.... So, I would not say that the fires were "obviously" lit because of the eclipse. Michel-Andre LEVY From: Vic & Jen Winter, ICSTARS Inc. > I don't think any of the list members ever did so during an eclipse. ....by the Indians. From: Glenn Schneider <[email protected]> The Aymara Indians also In 1981 I observed the TSE from a site near Bratsk, Siberia, along with hundreds oif other non-Soviets (this was back in the days of the USSR), selected by a local/governmental coordinating and organizing traditionally told committe). They thoughtfully were going to provide a post-eclipse lunch at the site. To do so they erected not to look at some rather large open-fire grills, and during ingress partial phase began to cook mounds of shasliks the eclipse. -
Lunar Exploration Efforts
Module 3 – Nautical Science Unit 4 – Astronomy Chapter 13 - The Moon Section 1 – The Moon What You Will Learn to Do Demonstrate understanding of astronomy and how it pertains to our solar system and its related bodies: Moon, Sun, stars and planets Objectives 1. Recognize basic facts about the Moon such as size, distance from Earth and atmosphere 2. Describe the geographical structure of the Moon 3. Describe the surface features of the Moon 4. Explain those theories that describe Moon craters and their formations Objectives 5. Describe the mountain ranges and riles on the surface of the Moon 6. Explain the effect moonquakes have on the Moon 7. Describe how the Moon’s motion causes its phases 8. Explain the basic reasons for Moon exploration Key Terms CPS Key Term Questions 1 - 12 Key Terms Maria - Mare or Maria (plural); Any of the several dark plains on the Moon and Mars; Latin word for “Sea” Reflectance - The ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation to that of the radiation that initially hits the surface. Key Terms Impact Crater - The cup shaped depression or cavity on the surface of the Earth or other heavenly bodies. Breccia - Rock composed of angular fragments of older rocks melded together as a result of a meteor impact. Regolith - The layer of disintegrated rock fragments (dust), just above the solid rock of the Moon’s crust. Key Terms Rilles - Cracks in the lunar surface similar to shallow, meandering river beds on the Earth. Phases The Moon’s motion in its orbit (of the Moon) - causes its phases (progressive changes in the visible portion of the Moon). -
Surveyor 1 Space- Craft on June 2, 1966 As Seen by the Narrow Angle Camera of the Lunar Re- Connaissance Orbiter Taken on July 17, 2009 (Also See Fig
i “Project Surveyor, in particular, removed any doubt that it was possible for Americans to land on the Moon and explore its surface.” — Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 Scientist-Astronaut ii Frontispiece: Landing site of the Surveyor 1 space- craft on June 2, 1966 as seen by the narrow angle camera of the Lunar Re- connaissance Orbiter taken on July 17, 2009 (also see Fig. 13). The white square in the upper photo outlines the area of the enlarged view below. The spacecraft is ca. 3.3 m tall and is casting a 15 m shadow to the East. (NASA/LROC/ ASU/GSFC photos) iii iv Surveyor I: America’s First Moon Landing by William F. Mellberg v © 2014, 2015 William F. Mellberg vi About the author: William Mellberg was a marketing and public relations representative with Fokker Aircraft. He is also an aerospace historian, having published many articles on both the development of airplanes and space vehicles in various magazines. He is the author of Famous Airliners and Moon Missions. He also serves as co-Editor of Harrison H. Schmitt’s website: http://americasuncommonsense.com Acknowledgments: The support and recollections of Frank Mellberg, Harrison Schmitt, Justin Rennilson, Alexander Gurshstein, Paul Spudis, Ronald Wells, Colin Mackellar and Dwight Steven- Boniecki is gratefully acknowledged. vii Surveyor I: America’s First Moon Landing by William F. Mellberg A Journey of 250,000 Miles . December 14, 2013. China’s Chang’e 3 spacecraft successfully touched down on the Moon at 1311 GMT (2111 Beijing Time). The landing site was in Mare Imbrium, the Sea of Rains, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the small crater, Laplace F, and roughly 100 miles (160 km) east of its original target in Sinus Iridum, the Bay of Rainbows. -
N93-13593 Lunar Optical Telescopes: an Historical Perspective
N93-13593 LUNAR OPTICAL TELESCOPES: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Stewart W. Johnson BDM International, Inc. 1801 Randolph Road, S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87106 Abstract There is a long history of thought and discussion on the possibilities of astronomical observatories on the Moon. Numerous ideas have been suggested and a variety of concepts have resulted for lunar optical telescopes. This paper reviews some of the ideas and efforts of individuals and working groups including Hershel, Clarke, Malina, Herbig, and Hess; working groups of the 1960s; and recent initiatives of Burke, Burns, and others. The enhanced technologies of the 1980s and 1990s can make past dreams of lunar observatories come to reality in the 21st century. That an astronomical observatory on the Moon offers the potential advantages of emplacement on a stable platform in an environment unencumbered by atmospheric obscurations has long been recognized. The National Academy of Sciences report, Astronomy and Astroohvsics for the 1980s, listed seven promising programs for the 1990s and beyond. All of these programs involved space-based observations and one of the programs was entitled Astronomical Observations on the Moon. The report states: The Moon offers certain decisive advantages as a base for astronomical observations. In particular the far side of the Moon provides protection from the radio interference from sources on or near Earth and therefore has great potential for radio astronomy. Shielded at all times from earthlight, sites on the far side of the Moon are also shielded from sunlight for substantial portions of each month and thus offer advantages for optical and infrared observations requiring the darkest possible sky. -
Space Resources : Social Concerns / Editors, Mary Fae Mckay, David S
Frontispiece Advanced Lunar Base In this panorama of an advanced lunar base, the main habitation modules in the background to the right are shown being covered by lunar soil for radiation protection. The modules on the far right are reactors in which lunar soil is being processed to provide oxygen. Each reactor is heated by a solar mirror. The vehicle near them is collecting liquid oxygen from the reactor complex and will transport it to the launch pad in the background, where a tanker is just lifting off. The mining pits are shown just behind the foreground figure on the left. The geologists in the foreground are looking for richer ores to mine. Artist: Dennis Davidson NASA SP-509, vol. 4 Space Resources Social Concerns Editors Mary Fae McKay, David S. McKay, and Michael B. Duke Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Program Washington, DC 1992 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16-038062-6 Technical papers derived from a NASA-ASEE summer study held at the California Space Institute in 1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Space resources : social concerns / editors, Mary Fae McKay, David S. McKay, and Michael B. Duke. xii, 302 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.—(NASA SP ; 509 : vol. 4) 1. Outer space—Exploration—United States. 2. Natural resources. 3. Space industrialization—United States. I. McKay, Mary Fae. II. McKay, David S. III. Duke, Michael B. IV. United States. -
Hill & Valley Parish Magazine for Hurstbourne Priors, Longparish And
Issue No. 247 Hill & Valley THE PARISH MAGAZINE OF HURSTBOURNE PRIORS, LONGPARISH, ST MARY BOURNE & WOODCOTT 50p April 2021 Happy Easter Hill & Valley Parish Magazine for Hurstbourne Priors, Longparish and St Mary Bourne & Woodcott April 2021 Dear Friends, April is upon us, the gateway to spring can, of course, be very mixed with hail and even snow, whilst at other times we may bask in warm sunshine, and often we can experience all four seasons in one day! Day by day the polyphony of morning birdsong increases and we cannot but notice the garden waking up with fresh buds and plants, all of which I find quite exciting. The new life and new beginnings that April speaks of, is something very relevant to us all as we begin to embrace change and adapt to life after Covid in anticipation of lockdown being eased. Life, new beginnings and hope are also central themes of the Easter story. Christian hope is not rooted in a distant or romantic past, remembering a one off event two thousand years ago. Easter faith is prophetically grounded in the here and now as the death and resurrection of Jesus spans across time and space and speaks to us today. If we look about our world today, we can see the tragic consequences of the Pandemic across our planet, and indeed our own nation, we also note the human condition is very much alive as our broken humanity continues to inflict war and violence on other human beings. In all these situations, Holy week and the Passion of Christ points to the opportunity of life transformed, redeemed and transfigured; Easter life. -
Alactic Observer Gjohn J
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 4, No. 12 December 2011 The Dark Force Dark matter is thought to make up 83 percent of the mass of the universe—but by its nature cannot be seen. However, science can infer the presence of this elusive force by measuring the gravitational warping of light between cluster galaxies and their distant neighbors. The image here, from the Hubble Space Telescope, is of Abell 1689, a super cluster 2.2 billion light years away. The presumed effect of dark matter is represented by blue overlay. For more information on dark matter and dark energy, come to McCarthy Observatory's Second Saturday Stars on December 10. Source: NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech/Yale/CNRS The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observvvererer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 Allan Ostergren www.mccarthyobservatory.org Website Development John Gebauer JJMO Staff Josh Reynolds It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory has Technical Support established itself as a significant educational and recreational Bob Lambert resource within the western Connecticut community. Dr. Parker Moreland Steve Barone Allan Ostergren Colin Campbell Cecilia Page Dennis Cartolano Bruno Ranchy Mike Chiarella Josh Reynolds Route Jeff Chodak Barbara Richards Bill Cloutier Monty Robson Charles Copple Don Ross Randy Fender Ned Sheehey John Gebauer Gene Schilling Elaine Green Diana Shervinskie Tina Hartzell Katie Shusdock Tom Heydenburg Jon Wallace Phil Imbrogno Bob Willaum Bob Lambert Paul Woodell Dr. Parker Moreland Amy Ziffer In This Issue THE YEAR OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ................................... -
Earth-Moon System
©JSR 2013/2018 Astronomy: Earth-Moon system Earth-Moon System Earth at night To see even the bright Moon properly you need clear skies and I can't resist taking the opportunity of beginning with NASA’s spectacular Earth-at-night picture - or how the Earth would appear without cloud cover. It's a picture that is not only of astronomical interest, but one that says a lot about the world's demography and economy. This section of the course, taking two to three lectures, covers the Earth-Moon system. Moon slide There are many features of the Earth-Moon system that are relevant to the study of the Universe at large. • It is held together by universal gravitation, whose basic law is simple but whose effects are not. • The Moon has craters, like many other objects in our solar system and presumably throughout the Universe. How were they formed and what do they tell us? • Measuring size and distance is a fundamental issue in astronomy. We have to start from homebase. The surer we are of distances in the solar system, the surer we are of measuring the much larger distances between stars and between galaxies. The Moon is the first permanent body beyond the Earth. The Earth-Moon system is the obvious first solar system distance to find. • The Earth-Moon system provides the fascinating spectacle of both lunar and solar eclipses. These have influenced societies, ancient and modern, and provided valuable insights into the nature of the Sun in particular. • There is a tendency to think of heavenly objects as points, because they are so far away. -
An Overview of the EMMIHS-II Analog Mission to the Moon
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 14, EPSC2020-1020, 2020, updated on 01 Oct 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2020-1020 Europlanet Science Congress 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The Second EuroMoonMars IMA at HI-SEA Field Campaign: An Overview of The EMMIHS-II Analog Mission to the Moon Michaela Musilova1,2,3, Ana Nunes1, Sabrina Kerber1, Charlotte Pouwels1,4, Ariane Wanske1, Joseph D'Angelo1, Bernard Foing1,5,6, and Henk Rogers1 1International Moonbase Alliance, United States of America ([email protected]) 2Institute of Robotics and Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology STU in Bratislava, Slovakia 3Slovak Organisation for Space Activities (SOSA), Bratislava, Slovakia 4Applied physics, Hague University of Applied Sciences, Delft 5ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk & ILEWG 6Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Introduction: Simulated missions to the Moon and Mars have been taking place at the analog research station HI- SEAS (Hawaii - Space Exploration Analog and Simulation) since 2013. The so-called Martian and lunar habitat, HI-SEAS, is located in Hawaii and its research projects are run by the International Moonbase Alliance (IMA) [1]. Numerous aspects of space missions are simulated in order to make them be as realistic as possible, including time delays in communication, emergency procedures and performing relevant research. In 2019, the EuroMoonMars campaign was launched at HI-SEAS, bringing together researchers from the European Space Agency (ESA), IMA, the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG), VU Amsterdam and many other international organizations [2,3]. The campaign aims to increase awareness about the research and technology testing that can be performed in analog environments, in order to help humans become multi-planetary species.