ANNUAL REPORT
Academic Year
2019-2020
International Space University
The Internaꢀonal Space University, founded in 1987 in Massachuseꢁs, US, and now headquartered in Strasbourg, France, is the world’s premier internaꢀonal space educaꢀon insꢀtuꢀon. It is supported by major space agencies and aerospace organizaꢀons from around the world.
The graduate level programs offered by ISU are dedicated to promoꢀng internaꢀonal, interdisciplinary and intercultural cooperaꢀon in space acꢀviꢀes.
ISU offers the Master of Science in Space Studies program at its Central Campus in Strasbourg. Since the summer of 1988, ISU conducts the two-month Space Studies Program at different host insꢀtuꢀons in locaꢀons spanning the globe; more recently the Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program; and the online Interacꢀve Space Program.
ISU programs are delivered by over 100 ISU faculty members in concert with invited industry and agency experts from insꢀtuꢀons around the world. Since its founding, more than 5000 students from 110 countries graduated from ISU.
Contact Info:
1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini
Parc d’Innovaꢀon 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France [email protected]
Phone: +33-3-88-65-54-30
Fax: +33-3-88-65-54-47
Table of Contents
- INTRODUCTION
- Page 1
- 1. Summary and Key Figures
- Page 3
2. Master of Space Studies - MSS20
3. Interacꢀve Space Program - ISP20 in lieu of SSP20
4. Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program - SHSSP20 5. Commercial Space Course - CSP20 6. Short Courses
Page 4
Page 9
Page 12 Page 15 Page 17
Page 19
Page 23
Page 24 Page 27
Page 28
Page 30
Page 31
7. Research and Publicaꢀons
8. Space start-up Incubator
9. Alumni Affairs 10. Faculty and Execuꢀve Appointments
11. Special Events and Outreach
12. Extra-curricular acꢀviꢀes
13. Conclusions
- ANNEX 1: Faculty
- Page 32
Page 35 Page 38
ANNEX 2: Research Papers ANNEX 3: Useful Links
Introduction
Dear reader, The academic year 2019-2020 has been blessed with a remarkable cohort of students who aꢁended the 25th ediꢀon of the Master of Space Studies and adapted, together with staff and faculty, to the lock-down requirements imposed by the pandemics starꢀng in mid-March.
The online Interacꢀve Space Program (ISP) conducted in the summer was also a successful example of adaptaꢀon and innovaꢀon in distant educaꢀon. The 86 graduates of ISP20 have joined an ISU Alumni community that now counts 5000 members in 110 countries.
Our community has been busy this year with three addiꢀonal “I” aspects that capture well the new direcꢀons of the university as it adapts to our changing world. The new “I” complement well the tradiꢀonal “3-Is” of Internaꢀonal, Intercultural and Interdisciplinary space educaꢀon for which the ISU is well known.
In orbit, both physically and virtually
“ISU will be augmented by an expanding base of campus faciliꢀes, networks, and aꢁliaꢀons both on and off the Earth.” – from the ISU Credo, 1995.
On the Earth, ISU has conducted joint courses and research acꢀviꢀes with the Australian Space Agency; Embry-Riddle Aeronauꢀcal University (ERAU); European Space Agency (ESA) and Insꢀtute for Applied Research in Microgravity (ZARM); Florida Insꢀtute of Technology (FloridaTech); Portuguese Space Agency; University of South Australia (UniSA), and University of Strasbourg (UniStra / CNRS) to name a few.
Since mid-March 2020, ISU is operaꢀng in a simulated space environment where teams are distributed across the globe learning how to work effecꢀvely across ꢀme zones and meeꢀng the interpersonal communicaꢀon challenges posed by geographic distance.
In its 25th year of existence, the Master of Space Studies 2020 (MSS20) switched to remote operaꢀons where students and staff devised innovaꢀve group acꢀviꢀes such as meditaꢀon, cooking, or gymnasꢀcs to keep team members engaged and mentally/physically fit during the confinement. MSS21 starts in September 2020 with a hybrid format combining face-to-face and remote classroom opꢀons for students and faculty.
The Interacꢀve Space Program, adopted by the ISU Board in April, and conducted in July and August as a fully online professional development experience, has demonstrated that the interdisciplinary learning, teamwork and bonding among parꢀcipants is also possible without face-to-face interacꢀon.
ISU alumna and NASA astronaut Jessica Meir (MSS 2000) spent six months on board the Internaꢀonal Space Staꢀon (ISS) and had several video interacꢀons with the ISU students and alumni, providing a powerful role model for the younger generaꢀons and somehow paving the way for a future ISU Campus in orbit.
Also off the Eath and in collaboraꢀon with Space Applicaꢀon Services (SAS), the ISU designed, built, and operated the Hydra-3 experiment that has seen its stay onboard the ISS extended unꢀl 2021 . Hydra-3 is the third in a series of ISU flown payloads that are giving shape to the newly established ISU Space Payloads Lab.
Interacꢀvity, a challenge and an opportunity for distant educaꢀon
“ISU is a place where students and faculty from all backgrounds are welcomed; where diversity of culture, philosophy, lifestyle, training and opinion are honored and nurtured.” – from the ISU Credo, 1995.
The massive use of tele-educaꢀon and online communicaꢀons triggered by the pandemics has facilitated the interacꢀon among groups and individuals in all parts of the space community, as expert speakers have become more available and emerging groups are able to connect with them at a fracꢀon of the cost of internaꢀonal face-to-face educaꢀon.
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The ISU Alumni Conferences have significantly grown in aꢁendance, topical content and relevance to astrophile professionals external to ISU.
In January, the ISU Adelaide Conference was held in conjuncꢀon with the Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program and was kicked off by the Premier of South Australia. The Conference offered very ꢀmely presentaꢀons and discussions on space applicaꢀons for bushfire monitoring, miꢀgaꢀon, prevenꢀon, and preparedness.
In August, the first online ISU Alumni Conference, held in conjuncꢀon with the Interacꢀve Space Program, was kicked off by the NASA Administrator and included live presentaꢀons and panels with Heads of Space Agencies from Colombia, ESA, Germany, Nigeria, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, South Africa and the UAE.
Addressing a record aꢁendance of 750 alumni and faculty, the 50 sessions and 100 speakers covered space acꢀviꢀes in the African Conꢀnent, Australia, Canada, China, Europe, India, Israel, Laꢀn America, the UAE and the USA, and allowed for informal alumni gatherings in virtual sessions that were highly appreciated by all.
Incubaꢀon of start-up entrepreneurship
Joe Pelton, former Chairman of the Board and first Dean of ISU said “As I look back, …/… ISU students popu -
late every corner of the world space community. I feel humbled to have been a small part of this amazing story of internaꢀonal cooperaꢀon, intercultural un - derstanding, and entrepreneurial spirit.
The three founders started something of enormous importance ” .
In 2019, the ISU Central Campus in Strasbourg began hosꢀng start-ups offering products and services based on the use of satellite remote sensing and navigaꢀon data as well as soſtware soluꢀons and technologies taken from space programs to non-space customers.
Start-up entrepreneurs and employees are oſten ISU alumni who realize the physical and virtual advantages of the ISU campus where they can exchange ideas and access resources: experts, student interns for their future workforce, and financing strategies through ISU’s partnerships with agencies - from local and regional to the business incubaꢀon schemes of both CNES and ESA.
We hope you will find this annual report on the academic year 2019-2020 instrucꢀve and entertaining.
The ISU faculty and staff
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1. Summary and Key Figures
1.1 Parꢀcipants in the ISU Programs
- Program
- Location
- #Participants
Master of Space Studies Year A (MSS-A) Master of Space Studies Year B (MSS-B) Interacꢀve Space Program (ISP)
Strasbourg Central Campus Strasbourg Central Campus Online
42
1
86 53 16 52 20 15 22
Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program (SHSSP) Adelaide, Australia Commercial Space Program (CSP) Space Resources Professional Course (SRPC) Execuꢀve Space Course 1 (ESC 1) Execuꢀve Space Course 2 (ESC 2) Execuꢀve Space Course 3 (ESC 3)
Florida Insꢀtute of Technology
Luxembourg
Seaꢁle, USA
Canberra, Australia Lisbon, Portugal
1.2 Employment statistics
Nine months aſter compleꢀng the program:
61 % of the MSS19 alumni reported having a job, and 16 % of the MSS19 alumni reported conꢀnuing studies.
The SSP being a professional development program, the employment rate is significantly higher, but it cannot be aꢁributed solely to the SSP learning because many parꢀcipants return to their previous jobs.
1.3 Faculty
During the academic year 2018-2019, ISU counted:
•••
71 Full Faculty (see list in annex 1) 43 Adjunct Faculty (see list in annex 1) 16 Associate Faculty (see list in annex 1).
1.4 Alumni
Aſter ISP20 and MSS20 graduaꢀon, ISU now counts more than 5000 alumni from 110 countries. See chapter 9 Alumni Affairs for more details.
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2. Master of Space Studies - MSS20
2.1 Overview
The Master of Space Studies program 2020 (MSS20) counted 42 students from 25 countries in Year A. 60% of this cohort was female. Year B featured one thesis student who combined this with a role as a Teaching Associate.
An overview is given in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1: Distribuꢀon of MSS20 parꢀcipants per country including dual ciꢀzenships
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Fig. 2: Educaꢀonal background of MSS20 parꢀcipants Fig. 3: Age Distribuꢀon of MSS20 parꢀcipants
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Fig. 4: Distribuꢀon of previous experience in MSS20
2.2 MSS Team Projects
The MSS20A class carried out two Team Projects:
ChipSats: New Opportuniꢀes
This team project looked at the potenꢀal applicaꢀons of aꢁosats.
The consistent trend in the miniaturizaꢀon of electrical and mechanical components has enabled a steady downscaling in satellite sizing. This evoluꢀon has progressed from tradiꢀonal heavy spacecraſt to CubeSats, and now to a new generaꢀon of satellites: ChipSats. The ChipSat, with a mass of fewer than 10 grams, demonstrates several features atypical to those found in tradiꢀonal satellite design; a uniquely low plaꢂorm mass, inexpensive fabricaꢀon methods, and augmented redundancies. The appropriate leverage and synergy of these features have the potenꢀal to drive the design envelope toward innovaꢀve mission architectures while lowering tradiꢀonally high barriers of entry to space. There is an opportunity for future mission designers, academic insꢀtuꢀons, and space-aspiring enꢀꢀes alike to benefit.
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The Internaꢀonal Space University has expressed interest in launching a ChipSat of its own within five years. This report states the benefits and anꢀcipated challenges for pursuing this endeavor. The key elements concerning technical, educaꢀonal, and legal aspects have been evaluated to inform the Internaꢀonal Space University on a proposed path that must be navigated to ensure a successful ChipSat launch while adding value to the self-imposed insꢀtuꢀonal targets. The delivery of a ChipSat into space by the Internaꢀonal Space University can serve as a model for other educaꢀonal insꢀtuꢀons. Concerning interested space agencies and commercial enꢀꢀes, a set of mission profiles have been put forward to illuminate the relevant mission orchestrators on the potenꢀal mission concepts that ChipSats can support. Although the literature provides coverage across all the mission-relevant disciplines, there are outstanding gaps that demand aꢁenꢀon. A series of recommended next-steps have been put forward for the key decisionmakers to address the idenꢀfied inadequacies. Ulꢀmately, the value ChipSats may bring through the democraꢀzaꢀon of space, space educaꢀon, and future mission design outweighs the hurdles that must be overcome.
Extraterrestrial Intelligence - The Search, the Science and the
Significance was the second team project. Its abstract stated: The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is one of the most inspiring modern scienꢀfic endeavors because of the profound impact that a posiꢀve detecꢀon would have on humanity. A literature review highlighted that there are several challenges to the progression of this field, including those related to science, technology, legal, and outreach endeavors. The current work is a mulꢀdisciplinary exploraꢀon of extraterrestrial intelligence, including the science and technology behind the search, the legal and policy implicaꢀons of finding extraterrestrial intelligence, and the outreach required to engage various audiences in these iniꢀaꢀves. The current state of searching techniques was first reported, followed by general recommendaꢀons and a two-part proposal for technosignature detecꢀon in space. The Galacꢀc Technosignature Observatory project (part one) is the development of an analysis tool that uses the data from space telescopes that detect exoplanets with light curves to detect prospecꢀve arꢀficial arꢀfacts orbiꢀng these exoplanets.
The NoisyCube mission (part two) aims to characterize the distorꢀon of the Earth’s signature due to its satellite infrastructure. This work also contains a proposal to update the Internaꢀonal Academy of Astronauꢀcs’ post-detecꢀon principles and make these principles binding. In addiꢀon, an analysis of current approaches to various prospecꢀve intelligence forms, as well as insight into how the approach should be modified postdetecꢀon, is presented. This work highlights the aꢃtude towards and treatment of animals and the environment and analyzes the ethical framework for perceiving the biological hierarchy. Lastly, an outreach plan to normalize the search for extraterrestrial intelligence in terms of scienꢀfic advancement and space exploraꢀon is proposed. The outreach plan contains a pilot survey to gain insight into public percepꢀon, which is supplemented by addiꢀonal outreach material such as a website. Overall, this work goes beyond tradiꢀonal approaches to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence comprehensively to contribute to iniꢀaꢀves in science, technology, law, policy, and outreach.
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2.3 Structure of the MSS Program
No significant changes were made to the structure of the MSS. For MSS20, the elecꢀves were: • M7-LSS M7-SPH Space Pharmacology • M8-ISR Interstellar Studies • M10-ABL Astrobiology • M13-NSE New Space and Entrepreneurship
M7-LSS was a brand new elecꢀve for MSS20.
Fig. 5: structure of MSS20A
As in each year, the MSS20A program was enhanced by a number of offsite acꢀviꢀes, as follows:
- •
- Professional visit to Airbus Defence and Space, Frie-
drichshafen, Germany
•••
Professional visit to the Observatory of Strasbourg Professional visit to SES, Luxembourg Professional visit to DLR (Lampoldshausen) and IRS Stuꢁgart, Germany
••
Professional visit to Eurospace and ESA HQ in Paris Professional visit to ESA-ESOC and Telespazio Vega in Darmstadt, Germany
- •
- Field Trip to Ries Crater in Nordlingen, Germany
Fig. 6: Visit to DLR German Aerospace Center and IRS
The coronavirus pandemic had a very significant impact on the delivery of MSS20A, resulꢀng in the program having to move to remote operaꢀon (all students and staff working from home) from the middle of March onwards. The remainder of M2-ISS, all the elecꢀves, and the team and individual projects were delivered online. The coronavirus also strongly affected the availability of internships for the MSS20 class. Some internships were able to be conducted remotely and some started much later than normal but, by the normal end of the academic year, only 30% of the class were in a posiꢀon to graduate while around 20% sꢀll had to start their internships.
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3. Interactive Space Program (ISP20) in lieu of SSP20
The Board of Trustees met virtually on 16 April, 2020, and considered the high uncertainty of internaꢀonal travel for the summer, as well as ISU’s wish to remain an inclusive university for parꢀcipants and faculty from all countries.
The Board concluded that, unfortunately, the Space Studies Program SSP20 could not be held in residenꢀal mode this year, and decided unanimously to postpone it to next year and have a larger class of SSP21 in Granada, Spain.
The Board also decided that ISU would offer an online Interacꢀve Space Program (ISP) during the summer: a 5-week full-ꢀme professional development opportunity for university graduates from any discipline and for professionals with any background wanꢀng to pursue a career in the space sector.
ISP 2020 ran from Monday 20 July through Friday 21 August 2020 to prepare the 86 parꢀcipants (“the crew”) for the challenges of producing quality work in a distributed environment, such as teams on Earth, Moon, or Mars, in orbit, and interplanetary space.
The ISP included a Team Mission to study how satellite applicaꢀons can help prevent, monitor, and miꢀgate a major challenge to humanity such as a pandemic. During highly interacꢀve seminars and mentorship sessions, parꢀcipants had access to experts from academia, space agencies and industry from all over the world.
The ISP has been designed to prepare parꢀcipants wanꢀng to enter one of the face-to-face ISU programs such as the Master of Space Studies (MSS), the Space Studies Programs (SSP and SHSSP), or the Commercial Space Program (CSP). The ISP has also served as a refresher or a training complement for ISU alumni seeking an update on the latest developments in the internaꢀonal space arena and wanꢀng to enlarge their network of professional contacts.
Fig. 7: number of ISP20 crew members by naꢀonality (*)
(*) Sꢀchꢀng Space Professionals Foundaꢀon (SSPF) contributed to the selecꢀon and parꢀal funding of 8 par - ꢀcipants from The Netherlands, including 3 naꢀonals from other countries who study or work in The Nether - lands.
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Forty percent were women. Their average age was 36, with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years. 70% had a master’s degree or higher, and 50% had three years of professional experience or more.
Crew members and experts aꢁended from all ꢀme zones, and came from disciplines spanning from public health and life sciences, to engineering, satellite applicaꢀons, IT, management and business, policy, economics and law, and the humaniꢀes.
Recommendaꢀons to decision makers on how to prepare for the next pandemic
Through literature search and consultaꢀon with numerous experts, the crew studied the prevenꢀon and preparedness strategies adopted in the past to deal with pandemics across the globe in a ꢀme span of five weeks that ended with their final presentaꢀon on 21 August, 2020.
To opꢀmize the use of exisꢀng satellite data on remote sensing of the Earth, the group has recommended an enhanced collaboraꢀon between space agencies, companies, and United Naꢀons specialized organizaꢀons such as WHO and UNOOSA, through the creaꢀon of an internaꢀonal Charter on Space and Pandemics, modeled aſter similar exisꢀng charters.
Satellite data can also be processed to produce risk maps that help public health authoriꢀes produce early warnings and make beꢁer informed decisions.
Other findings and recommendaꢀons are in the use of satellite communicaꢀons and related applicaꢀons for tele-medicine, tele-educaꢀon, and communicaꢀon of precauꢀonary measures to the populaꢀons. The use of satellite mapping and satellite posiꢀoning and navigaꢀon is considered a promising asset for a more systemaꢀc use of drones in medical emergency situaꢀons such as pandemics.
Finally, the use of microgravity environments, such as onboard the Internaꢀonal Space Staꢀon, is recommended for the development of vaccines, based on posiꢀve experiences in this domain.
The ISU report on “How can space technology and applicaꢀons help with monitoring, miꢀgaꢀon, prevenꢀon and preparedness for the next pandemic?” was published in early September 2020 on the Library portal at
200 space experts as lecturers, coaches, and mentors, including nine Heads of Space Agency and six Astro- nauts
During the weeks preceding their “launch” of 20 July, the selected crew aꢁended remote sessions on design thinking, teamwork, and expediꢀonary behavior to be able to work as teams in remote and extreme environments; they also pracꢀced the use of the audiovisual and IT tools needed for an effecꢀve learning.
A series of 19 daily seminars provided the crew with introductory knowledge in all of the above-menꢀoned disciplines as they relate to space exploraꢀon and applicaꢀons.