Feeding Future Cities Essay Webinar Wednesday, October 9, 2014 Housekeeping
• The webinar is using Voice Over Internet. • If the sound quality is not good, a teleconference line is available: - Phone #: 1-415-655-0055 - Code: 763-096-154 - Audio Pin: Shown after joining the webinar • The recorded webinar and slides will be posted on futurecity.org • Survey following the webinar—please respond! Housekeeping
How to ask a question • Participant microphones are muted for webinar quality. • Type your question in the “Question” space in the webinar control panel. • Q&A session is at the end of the presentation. Feeding Future Cities Essay Webinar Wednesday, October 9, 2014 Today’s Panelists
1. Tom Chmielenski, Bentley Systems
2. Gene Giacomelli, The University of Arizona
3. Hala Chaoui
4. Marty Matlock, University of Arkansas Welcome
Tom Chmielenski, P.E. Advisory Software Engineer Bentley Systems, Inc.
• Carnegie Mellon University • B.S. and M.S. Civil Engineering degrees • Future City Mentor since 2009 Welcome • Downingtown Middle School • Future City Philadelphia Middle School Days
Tom Chmielenski Ridgway Middle School
• Member of the Olympics of the Mind team
Middle School Days My Mentors and Career Choice
My Mentors: • Parents • High School Guidance Counselor • Two Professors
My First student from Burlington City High Mentors School to attend and graduate from Carnegie Mellon University. Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University
• Started out in Architecture • Switched to Civil Engineering
• Mentoring from my college professors to reach my highest potential as a professional engineer. CMU • Prof. Dan Rehak • Prof. Jim Garrett Downingtown Middle School Mentoring
Downingtown Middle School (PA) • Placed third in the 2014 Future City Philadelphia regional competition
Mentoring middle school students Engineering Process
Identify the Problem
Research Generate Create a Others Work Ideas solution
Schedule Collaborate Make it Test your Better solution Advice
Ask Your Mentor Questions
Schedule Collaborate
Work Hard / Work as a Make It Fun Team Speaker Introduction
• Gene Giacomelli • Professor Ag & Biosystems Engineering Dept. • Director of the Controlled Environment Agriculture Center • The University of Arizona Controlled Environments for Food Production
“Controlled Environments — The Future of Economically viable, Environmentally reasonable and Socially acceptable Food Production”
No Ordinary Tomorrows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V02-msDXatI The Center and Faculty Programs http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/ UA - Controlled Environment Agriculture Center
People focused on CE systems to help feed the world….. Effectively using resources: . energy . water . nutrient . labor . capital resources
CEAC Students, Faculty, Staff, May 2014
CEAC Tomatoes Live2.0! http://ag.arizona.edu/tomlive/GHmonitoring.html CEAC Hydroponic Tomatoes in CEA http://ag.arizona.edu/tomlive/gh2091-A_idx.html Greenhouse Production Systems for People
The Focus remains on the Plant…… so bring on the Biology
High quality & high yields; Safe, Secure; Pesticide-Free; Efficient use of Land, Water, & Nutrients; Predictable harvest
Greenhouse Hydroponic Lettuce
Hydronov, Inc http://www.hydronov.com/ Why Urban Agriculture?
Need for food nourishment (vitamins, minerals) for ‘urban’ situations where the people are…..
Complement to soil-based agriculture; Not replacement of it!
Gotham Greens Rooftop Greenhouse in NY City photo credit: Gotham Greens Local Produce http://gothamgreens.com/ Fundamentals for Plant Growth
Seed has genetic potential, Give proper environment, then watch…….. Aerial Environment air temperature & relative humidity,
CO2, light, air movement, Sand Culture physical support, Drip irrigation labor accessible photo credits: M. Kacira
Intro Hydroponics & CEA http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/pls-217-introduction-hydroponics-and-cea Fundamentals for Plant Growth
Seed has genetic potential, Give proper environment, then watch…….. Root Environment water, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, root temperature, water flow, no light, Deep Water Culture Floating rafts physical support
Intro Hydroponics & CEA http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/pls-217-introduction-hydroponics-and-cea Fundamentals for Plant Growing Systems
Design of all Controlled Environments and Hydroponics for success…. Hydroponics – components to grow without soil water pump, distribution system, root environment, collect & recycle, nutrient storage tank
Top drip irrigation Soilless Culture photo credits: M. Kacira Fundamentals for Plant Growing Systems
Design of all Controlled Environments and Hydroponics for success…. Hydroponics – types of systems Top Drip Irrigation Soilless Culture; NFT - Nutrient Film Technique; Deep Water Culture; Aeroponics; Aquaponics Aquaponics; ‘Many other’-ponics
Aquaponics: http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/sites/ag.arizona.edu.ceac/files/UA_Aquaponcs.pdf http://community.theaquaponicsource.com/video/aquaponics-multi-crop-systems-regenerate-global-coasts Fundamentals for Plant Growing Systems
Design of all Controlled Environments and Hydroponics for success…. Controlled Environment – components to grow indoors structure, shell, cover, light (sun and/or lamps) heater and cooler, humidity control, transport procedure, harvest & packing, Top Drip irrigation Soilless Culture cleaning, safety photo credit: P. Salina Types of Controlled Environments
Greenhouse – indoor controlled environment (CE), with transparent cover, using solar energy lighting; commercially viable; low to high technology levels.
Low Cost “High Tunnel” Greenhouse Technology Production High Technology Greenhouse Technology (Nature’s Sweet Co.)
Nature’s Sweet Tomatoes http://naturesweet.com/ High Tunnels http://hightunnels.org/ Types of Controlled Environments
Growth Room or Plant Factory – indoor CE in building, using only artificial lighting and hydroponic production. + Minimal land use + Minimized water use + Fresh, pesticide-free produce + Year around production
- High installation & energy costs - Plant growing technology to be determined - Lack of human/expert resources to operate/manage the systems
photo credits: T. Kozai
Plant Factory http://bt.e-ditionsbyfry.com/display_article.php?id=1327146 Types of Controlled Environments
“Vertical Farm” – indoor CE in insulated building, using only LED lighting; with multiple stacked levels of Ebb & Flood or NFT hydroponic plant production. Lane Patterson, manager, CEAC program graduate; Commercial production; Few in operation; Business viability remains challenging. Green Sense Farms Portage, Indiana
Green Sense Farms http://greensensefarms.com/produce/ ; Challenges in Vertical Farming - http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gene+giacomelli+video&FORM=VIRE5#view=detail&mid=4 D8EC3E49966FC3A92794D8EC3E49966FC3A9279 Real-Life Working Food Production Systems
Gotham Greens - rooftop greenhouse of Jenn Nelkin [CEAC graduate] and associates; located in Brooklyn, NY; producing leafy greens (lettuces, basil) vegetables. Local produce, commercially grown; NFT hydroponics.
Production: 40 – 45 lettuce per square foot per year
Local Produce http://gothamgreens.com/ Real-Life Working Food Production Systems
Lufa Farms - rooftop greenhouse in Montreal, Quebec, Canada producing vegetables Pictures courtesy of Lufa Farms
Greenhouse Design (2011) 3000 m2 of production area; 3,000 plants; 40 vegetable types; 450 - 680 kg harvested each day; Six workers in the greenhouse
Lufa Farms http://www.hortidaily.com/article/3248/Canada-Lufa-Farms-to-open-second-large-urban-farm-this-week Real-Life Working Food Production Systems
Food Chamber at South Pole Station - since 2004; hydroponic veggies; 70 species; from greens to melons (48 lbs per week; 240 square feet; 12 HPS lamps @ 1000 W)
Fresh Veggies; Bright & Humid; Fragrances; “Gardeners”; Psychological benefits! South Pole Food Growth Chamber (NSF - Raytheon Polar Services - Sadler Machine Co) SPFGC http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/south-pole ; SPFGC Description http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/sites/ag.arizona.edu.ceac/files/final%20SPFGC%20Habitation%202003%20talk%20giacomelli.pdf “Real-Life” Working Food Production Systems
Lunar Greenhouse - hydroponic veggies; provide food, fresh water & oxygen for Bioregenerative Life Support; (40 lbs per week; 120 square feet; 6 HPS lamps @ 1000 W)
Collapsible & light weight; Edible biomass; Vitamin & fiber nutrition; Goal of sustainability; Limited biomaterials must be recycled! Lunar Greenhouse Prototype (NASA / Sadler Machine Co) LGH http://ag.arizona.edu/lunargreenhouse/ ; LGH cam http://128.196.12.155/home/homeJ.html LGH Moon deployment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-0qJ4eZhs4&feature=related LGH Description http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q128I9KNY9k Earth Sustainable by Moonbase Experiences?
NASA Steckler Space Grant Team of Students, 2012-13
see CALS.ARIZONA.EDU/EARTHLIGHT
The Earthlight Documentary
Earthlight Documentary http://cals.arizona.edu/earthlight/ NASA Steckler Space Grant Program http://ag.arizona.edu/lunargreenhouse/ List of Web References
No Ordinary Tomorrows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V02-msDXatI The Center and Faculty Programs http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/ CEAC Tomatoes Live2.0! http://ag.arizona.edu/tomlive/GHmonitoring.html CEAC Hydroponic Tomatoes in CEA http://ag.arizona.edu/tomlive/gh2091-A_idx.html Village Farms http://www.villagefarms.com/default.aspx Hydronov, Inc http://www.hydronov.com/ Local Produce http://gothamgreens.com/ Intro Hydroponics & CEA http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/pls-217-introduction-hydroponics-and-cea Aquaponics: http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/sites/ag.arizona.edu.ceac/files/UA_Aquaponcs.pdf http://community.theaquaponicsource.com/video/aquaponics-multi-crop-systems-regenerate-global-coasts Nature’s Sweet Tomatoes http://naturesweet.com/ High Tunnels http://hightunnels.org/ Plant Factory http://bt.e-ditionsbyfry.com/display_article.php?id=1327146 Green Sense Farms http://greensensefarms.com/produce/ Challenges in Vertical Farming: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gene+giacomelli+video&FORM=VIRE5#view=detail&mid=4D8EC3E49966FC3 A92794D8EC3E49966FC3A9279 Local Produce http://gothamgreens.com/ List of Web References
Lufa Farms http://www.hortidaily.com/article/3248/Canada-Lufa-Farms-to-open-second-large-urban-farm-this-week SPFGC http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/south-pole ; SPFGC Description http://ag.arizona.edu/ceac/sites/ag.arizona.edu.ceac/files/final%20SPFGC%20Habitation%202003%20talk%20giacomelli.pdf LGH http://ag.arizona.edu/lunargreenhouse/ LGH cam http://128.196.12.155/home/homeJ.html LGH Moon deployment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-0qJ4eZhs4&feature=related LGH Description http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q128I9KNY9k Earthlight Documentary http://cals.arizona.edu/earthlight/ NASA Steckler Space Grant Program http://ag.arizona.edu/lunargreenhouse/ Speaker Introduction
• Hala Chaoui • Ph.D. Agricultural Engineering Urban Agriculture
Where is it done? What are its special requirements? Example of a simple technology
by Hala Chaoui urbanfarmsorganic.com Urban Agriculture: where is it done?
- Land near buildings - Rooftops - Walls - Indoor floors of buildings - Vertical spaces Urban Agriculture: close to people
- Pesticides have side-effects on human health; they need to be avoided - Labor is costly in cities; mechanization - Urban consumers want sustainable produce - no transportation; produce can be harvested ripe (tastier) and lower costs Urban Agriculture: how
Using vertical space - Green walls - Suspended gardens - Shelves Fertilizing - Fertigation; liquid fertilizer via irrigation - Recycled organic waste: urban farms would recycle food waste Cost - Low tech can still be effective - Modular, no need for infrastructure, expand gradually Urban Agriculture: how
Structures - Light weight structures: they must weigh less than the maximum load that roofs (or floors) can carry - Soil-based or hydroponics - On walls: living walls, green walls, recirculating pumps - Light for indoor farms - sun pipes - LED lights An edible green wall by Good Earth Plants Urban Agriculture: how
Reducing labor - Automated watering - Reducing weeding costs; by controlling the environment or growing plants from seedlings - Harvest: mechanized systems bring the plants to the operator
- Equipment for hygienic waste Cubic farming by Urban Barns Food handling (composting) In the future, new technology is expected to simplify urban farming Urban Agriculture: new technology can be simple
Example of an indoor suspended garden - Made of affordable cups, chains and felt - Reduces watering through sub- irrigation and water storage - Can be made DIY - An annual protein plant (legume) and vegetable (spinach) can grow in thi structure - Alternative design: watering Suspended Garden by Urban Farms Organic.com could be automated using float valves, and no electricity Urban Agriculture: what if it was organic?
Ikea concept of a kitchen that composts waste and grows plants Urban Agriculture
What if anyone anywhere in the world can use accessible technology to grow a vertical year round, edible garden? Cities would look greener and produce more of their own food.
Imagine your own “technology for all”, for urban agriculture
The vertical farm by Dickson Despommiers Enjoy imagining a city lush with urban farms! Speaker Introduction
• Marty Matlock, PhD, PE, BCEE • Executive Director, Office for Sustainability • Professor, Biological and Agricultural Engineering • University of Arkansas [email protected] DesigningDesigning Cities Cities for for People: People: Food Food City City
The future we will experience in 20 years will be the future we design today.
Design disciplines such as engineering, architecture, and urban planning are critical for developing our prosperous future. Questions and Answers
• Type your question in the “Question” space in the webinar control panel.
• Direct your question to a particular panelist. • Future City will read the questions and ask the panelist to address it.