DOCSLIB.ORG

Advanced Extravehicular Activity Systems Requirements Definition Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Advanced Extravehicular Activity Systems Requirements Definition Study Advanced Extravehicular Activity Systems Requirements Definition Study NAS9-17779 PHASE II EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY AT A LUNAR BASE Final Report September 1988 Prepared For: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Prepared By: Essex Corporation CAMUS, Incorporated Lovelace Scientific Resources, Incorporated FOREWORD This report, Extravehicular Activity at a Lunar Base, is submitted under NASA Johnson Space Center contract NAS9-17779, Advanced Extravehicular Activity Systems Requirements Definition Study. This document addresses EVA requirements for remote operations from a lunar base. The following technical team members contributed to this report: Essex Corporation: Dr. Valerie Neal Nicholas Shields, Jr. Margaret Shirley Jo Ann N. Jones CAMUS, Incorporated: Dr. Gerald P. Carr Dr. William Pogue Lovelace Scientific Resources, Incorporated: Arthur E. Schulze Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt Dr. Stephen A. Altobelli Lawrence J. Jenkins Dr. Carolyn E. Johnson Dr. John R. Letaw Dr. Jack A. Loeppky H. James Wood The NASA review team consisted of the following members: Susan M. Schentrup, Leader (EC3) Ann L. Bufkin (ED22) 7 David J. Horrigan (SD5) Joseph J. Kosmo (EC3) Dr. D. Stuart Nachtwey (SDI2) Paul E. Shack (EE3) Robert C. Trevino (DF421) Questions or comments about this report may be forwarded to the technical monitor, Ms. Susan Schentrup, Code EC3, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058 (713-483-9231) or to the program manager, Dr. Valerie Neal, Essex Corporation, 690 Discovery Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35806 (205-837-2046). TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword .................................................................. i List of Tables ............................................................. iv List of Figures ............................................................. v List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................... vi Contract Overview ......................................................... xii Approach to Deriving Requirements to Support EVA at Lunar Base ............... xiii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1 2.0 LUNAR EVA MISSION REQUIREMENTS SURVEY/TASK DEFINITION ....... 4 2.1 Lunar EVA Task Definition ........................................... 4 2.2 Lunar EVA Reference Mission Scenarios .............................. <.. 5 2.2.1 Drilling and Sampling Operations .................................. 7 2.2.2 Surface Mining Operations ....................................... 12 2.2.3 EVA Science Activities .......................................... 19 2.2.4 Solar Flare Emergency .......................................... 27 2.2.5 Suit Failure Emergency ......................................... 31 2.2.6 Sickness Emergency ............................................. 35 2.3 Unique Lunar EVA Environmental Considerations ....................... 38 2.3.1 Absence of an Atmosphere ....................................... 39 2.3.2 Reduced Gravity ............................................... 41 2.3.3 Dust and Soil .................................................. 41 2.3.4 Terrain ....................................................... 41 2.3.5 Day/Night .................................................... 44 _p 2.3.6 Temperature ................................................... 44 2.3.7 Radiation ..................................................... 44 2.3.8 Range of Mobility, Navigation, and Communication ................. 45 2.4 Lunar EVA Mission Operations Requirements ........................... 47 2.4.1 Lunar EVA Work Period Parameters ............................... 47 2.4.2 Lunar EVA Workday Length ..................................... 48 2.4.3 Lunar EVA Duty Cycles ......................................... 48 2.4.4 Lunar EVA Duration Optimization ................................ 49 2.4.5 Lunar EVA Translation Considerations ............................ 50 2.4.6 Lunar EVA Rescue Capability .................................... 53 2.5 Critical Systems for Lunar EVA ....................................... 53 2.5.1 Pressure Suits .................................................. 53 2.5.2 Rovers ........................................................ 55 2.5.3 Shelters ....................................................... 59 2.5.4 Dustlock ...................................................... 62 2.5.5 Major Equipment ............................................... 66 3.0 LUNAR EVA HARDWARE DESIGN CRITERIA ............................ 67 3.1 Lunar EVA Man/Machine Requirements ................................ 67 3.1.1 Unique Human Capabilities in Lunar EVA ......................... 67 3.1.2 Logistics ...................................................... 67 3.1.3 Maintainability ................................................ 68 3.1.4 Hardware Servicing ............................................. 69 3.1.5 Cleaning and Drying ............................................ 70 3.1.6 Caution, Warning, and Checkout .................................. 71 3.1.7. Communication Requirements .................................... 72 3.1.8 Contamination ................................................. 75 3.2 Lunar EVA Physiological/Medical Requirements ......................... 76 3.2.1 Anthropometric Sizing Accommodations/Dimensional Limits .......... 77 3.2.2 Metabolic Profiles .............................................. 77 3.2.3 Suit Operational Pressure Level ................................... 81 ii 3.2.4 CO) Levels .................................................... 82 3.2.5 Thermal Storage of Body Heat .................................... 85 3.2.6 Personal Hygiene ............................................... 87 3.2.7 Waste Management/Containment System ........................... 88 3.2.8 Food/Water .............................................. .... 88 3.2.9 Biomedical Data Monitoring ..................................... 89 3.2.10 Medical Care/Facilitles ......................................... 90 3.2.11 Perception Acuity for Visual Displays and Warnings ................ 94 3.2.12 Audio Level, Quality, Range, and Warnings ........................ 94 3.2.13 Perception of Surrounding Environment .......................... 96 3.2.14 Toxicity ..................................................... 97 3.2.15 Radiation Tolerance ........................................... 97 3.2.16 M.icrometeoroid/lmpact Requirements ........................... 106 3.2.17 Sand, Dust, and Surface Terrain ................................ 106 4.0 LUNAR EVA HARDWAI_E AND HARDWARE INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS 108 4.1 Design Loads, Operating Life, and Safety Factors ....................... 108 4.2 EVA Tools ........................................................ 109 4.3 Restraints/Workstations ............................................. 111 4.3.1 Crewmember Translation/Equipment Translation ................... 113 4.3.2 Worksite Interface Requirements ................................ 113 4.3.3 External Configuration ........................................ 115 4.3.4 Sharp Corner/Impact Requirements .............................. ! 15 4.4 EVA Rescue Equipment Requirements ................................ 115 4.5 Radiation Shielding ................................................ 115 4.6 Thermal Protection ................................................. 117 4.7 Lunar EVA Safe Haven and Portable Shelter ........................... 118 4.8 Propulsion System Assessment ........................................ 119 4.9 Communications Interface Requirements .............................. 119 4.9.1 Internal Interfaces ............................................ 119 4.9.2 External Interfaces ............................................ 121 4.10 Crewmember Autonomy ............................................ 128 4.]] Dedicated EVA Hardware Servicing Area ............................. 129 4.12 Airiock Interfaces ................................................. 129 4.12.1 Crew Airlocks ............................................... 129 4.12.2 Equipment Airlocks .......................................... 130 5.0 RECOMMENDED FURTHER STUDIES TO SUPPORT EVA AT LUNAR BASE . 131 5.1 Extended EVA .................................................... 131 5.2 Suits ............................................................. ]31 5.3 Rovers ............. ............................................. 132 5.4 Shelters .......................................................... 132 5.5 Biomedical Concerns and Technologies ................................ 132 5.6 Tools and Equipment ............................................... 134 5.7 Communications ................................................... 134 5.8 Contamination Control .............................................. 135 5.9 Worksite Operations ................................................ 135 5.10 Environmental Parameters .......................................... 135 5.11 Lunar Surface EVA Planning Document .............................. 136 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................... 137 o.. 1|1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1. Assumptions ................................................... 2 Table 1-2. Trade-Offs .................................................... 3 Table 1-3. Environmental Issues ........................................... 3 Table 2-I. Generic EVA Tasks ............................................. 4 Table 2-2. Drilling and Sampling Operations ................................ 10 Table 2-3. Surface Mining Operations .....................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 3, Number 3, November 2014
    THE STAR THE NEWSLETTER OF THE MOUNT CUBA ASTRONOMICAL GROUP VOL. 3 NUM. 3 CONTACT US AT DAVE GROSKI [email protected] OR HANK BOUCHELLE [email protected] 302-983-7830 OUR PROGRAMS ARE HELD THE SECOND TUESDAY OF EACH MONTH AT 7:30 P.M. UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE MOUNT CUBA ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY 1610 HILLSIDE MILL ROAD GREENVILLE DE. FOR DIRECTIONS PLEASE VISIT www.mountcuba.org PLEASE SEND ALL PHOTOS AND ARTICLES TO [email protected] 1 NOVEMBER MEETING TUESDAY THE 11TH 7:30 p.m. OCTOBER MEETING REVIEW: Dave Groski gave a presentation on the Spilhaus Space Clock. This is such an interesting devise that I shall cover it in more detail under the Points of Interest section of the STAR. Dr. Hank Bouchelle once again gave a truly informative talk on not one but several topics related to Astronomy and Physics in general. Since he covered such a varied group of topics, I shall also cover them in the Points of Interest section. Phenomena: Knock! Knock! Is Anyone home? Hank Bouchelle Cinematic depictions of the events accompanying an alien visit are almost uniformly dire. Alien intentions are almost always destructive, deadly, or intended to enslave. They destroy entire populations, and unleash weapons that easily turn Earth to dust. Reports of personal interactions with aliens frequently relate queasy adventures in proctology. It is a bit strange, then, that many people, especially among the scientific community, spare no effort or cost to detect alien messages or the electronic fingerprint of signals that are not produced by the nature.
    [Show full text]
  • ART and ECLIPSES Established in History with Customs and Norms
    Volume 6, Issue 4 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER Page 23 ART AND ECLIPSES established in history with customs and norms. These Andean Indians also had established a great deal of accuracy in solar observations and calculations. But the question still remains, did isolated indians have a way to know what time this eclipse would start? Did they, in- stead keep a fire burning all day? (unlikely at this altitude to keep gasoline burning all day) If they did know when... then how? Jen Winter From: Michel-André Levy Do you really think that a logical behaviour, when an eclipse is announced, is to light fires ? I don't think any of the list members ever did so during an eclipse. There are various reasons for keeping a fire burning during the day. In the alti- plano, I suppose it can be cold. Or may be they wanted to cook something.... So, I would not say that the fires were "obviously" lit because of the eclipse. Michel-Andre LEVY From: Vic & Jen Winter, ICSTARS Inc. > I don't think any of the list members ever did so during an eclipse. ....by the Indians. From: Glenn Schneider <[email protected]> The Aymara Indians also In 1981 I observed the TSE from a site near Bratsk, Siberia, along with hundreds oif other non-Soviets (this was back in the days of the USSR), selected by a local/governmental coordinating and organizing traditionally told committe). They thoughtfully were going to provide a post-eclipse lunch at the site. To do so they erected not to look at some rather large open-fire grills, and during ingress partial phase began to cook mounds of shasliks the eclipse.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Exploration Efforts
    Module 3 – Nautical Science Unit 4 – Astronomy Chapter 13 - The Moon Section 1 – The Moon What You Will Learn to Do Demonstrate understanding of astronomy and how it pertains to our solar system and its related bodies: Moon, Sun, stars and planets Objectives 1. Recognize basic facts about the Moon such as size, distance from Earth and atmosphere 2. Describe the geographical structure of the Moon 3. Describe the surface features of the Moon 4. Explain those theories that describe Moon craters and their formations Objectives 5. Describe the mountain ranges and riles on the surface of the Moon 6. Explain the effect moonquakes have on the Moon 7. Describe how the Moon’s motion causes its phases 8. Explain the basic reasons for Moon exploration Key Terms CPS Key Term Questions 1 - 12 Key Terms Maria - Mare or Maria (plural); Any of the several dark plains on the Moon and Mars; Latin word for “Sea” Reflectance - The ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation to that of the radiation that initially hits the surface. Key Terms Impact Crater - The cup shaped depression or cavity on the surface of the Earth or other heavenly bodies. Breccia - Rock composed of angular fragments of older rocks melded together as a result of a meteor impact. Regolith - The layer of disintegrated rock fragments (dust), just above the solid rock of the Moon’s crust. Key Terms Rilles - Cracks in the lunar surface similar to shallow, meandering river beds on the Earth. Phases The Moon’s motion in its orbit (of the Moon) - causes its phases (progressive changes in the visible portion of the Moon).
    [Show full text]
  • Surveyor 1 Space- Craft on June 2, 1966 As Seen by the Narrow Angle Camera of the Lunar Re- Connaissance Orbiter Taken on July 17, 2009 (Also See Fig
    i “Project Surveyor, in particular, removed any doubt that it was possible for Americans to land on the Moon and explore its surface.” — Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 Scientist-Astronaut ii Frontispiece: Landing site of the Surveyor 1 space- craft on June 2, 1966 as seen by the narrow angle camera of the Lunar Re- connaissance Orbiter taken on July 17, 2009 (also see Fig. 13). The white square in the upper photo outlines the area of the enlarged view below. The spacecraft is ca. 3.3 m tall and is casting a 15 m shadow to the East. (NASA/LROC/ ASU/GSFC photos) iii iv Surveyor I: America’s First Moon Landing by William F. Mellberg v © 2014, 2015 William F. Mellberg vi About the author: William Mellberg was a marketing and public relations representative with Fokker Aircraft. He is also an aerospace historian, having published many articles on both the development of airplanes and space vehicles in various magazines. He is the author of Famous Airliners and Moon Missions. He also serves as co-Editor of Harrison H. Schmitt’s website: http://americasuncommonsense.com Acknowledgments: The support and recollections of Frank Mellberg, Harrison Schmitt, Justin Rennilson, Alexander Gurshstein, Paul Spudis, Ronald Wells, Colin Mackellar and Dwight Steven- Boniecki is gratefully acknowledged. vii Surveyor I: America’s First Moon Landing by William F. Mellberg A Journey of 250,000 Miles . December 14, 2013. China’s Chang’e 3 spacecraft successfully touched down on the Moon at 1311 GMT (2111 Beijing Time). The landing site was in Mare Imbrium, the Sea of Rains, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the small crater, Laplace F, and roughly 100 miles (160 km) east of its original target in Sinus Iridum, the Bay of Rainbows.
    [Show full text]
  • N93-13593 Lunar Optical Telescopes: an Historical Perspective
    N93-13593 LUNAR OPTICAL TELESCOPES: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Stewart W. Johnson BDM International, Inc. 1801 Randolph Road, S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87106 Abstract There is a long history of thought and discussion on the possibilities of astronomical observatories on the Moon. Numerous ideas have been suggested and a variety of concepts have resulted for lunar optical telescopes. This paper reviews some of the ideas and efforts of individuals and working groups including Hershel, Clarke, Malina, Herbig, and Hess; working groups of the 1960s; and recent initiatives of Burke, Burns, and others. The enhanced technologies of the 1980s and 1990s can make past dreams of lunar observatories come to reality in the 21st century. That an astronomical observatory on the Moon offers the potential advantages of emplacement on a stable platform in an environment unencumbered by atmospheric obscurations has long been recognized. The National Academy of Sciences report, Astronomy and Astroohvsics for the 1980s, listed seven promising programs for the 1990s and beyond. All of these programs involved space-based observations and one of the programs was entitled Astronomical Observations on the Moon. The report states: The Moon offers certain decisive advantages as a base for astronomical observations. In particular the far side of the Moon provides protection from the radio interference from sources on or near Earth and therefore has great potential for radio astronomy. Shielded at all times from earthlight, sites on the far side of the Moon are also shielded from sunlight for substantial portions of each month and thus offer advantages for optical and infrared observations requiring the darkest possible sky.
    [Show full text]
  • Alactic Observer Gjohn J
    alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 4, No. 12 December 2011 The Dark Force Dark matter is thought to make up 83 percent of the mass of the universe—but by its nature cannot be seen. However, science can infer the presence of this elusive force by measuring the gravitational warping of light between cluster galaxies and their distant neighbors. The image here, from the Hubble Space Telescope, is of Abell 1689, a super cluster 2.2 billion light years away. The presumed effect of dark matter is represented by blue overlay. For more information on dark matter and dark energy, come to McCarthy Observatory's Second Saturday Stars on December 10. Source: NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech/Yale/CNRS The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observvvererer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 Allan Ostergren www.mccarthyobservatory.org Website Development John Gebauer JJMO Staff Josh Reynolds It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory has Technical Support established itself as a significant educational and recreational Bob Lambert resource within the western Connecticut community. Dr. Parker Moreland Steve Barone Allan Ostergren Colin Campbell Cecilia Page Dennis Cartolano Bruno Ranchy Mike Chiarella Josh Reynolds Route Jeff Chodak Barbara Richards Bill Cloutier Monty Robson Charles Copple Don Ross Randy Fender Ned Sheehey John Gebauer Gene Schilling Elaine Green Diana Shervinskie Tina Hartzell Katie Shusdock Tom Heydenburg Jon Wallace Phil Imbrogno Bob Willaum Bob Lambert Paul Woodell Dr. Parker Moreland Amy Ziffer In This Issue THE YEAR OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • Earth-Moon System
    ©JSR 2013/2018 Astronomy: Earth-Moon system Earth-Moon System Earth at night To see even the bright Moon properly you need clear skies and I can't resist taking the opportunity of beginning with NASA’s spectacular Earth-at-night picture - or how the Earth would appear without cloud cover. It's a picture that is not only of astronomical interest, but one that says a lot about the world's demography and economy. This section of the course, taking two to three lectures, covers the Earth-Moon system. Moon slide There are many features of the Earth-Moon system that are relevant to the study of the Universe at large. • It is held together by universal gravitation, whose basic law is simple but whose effects are not. • The Moon has craters, like many other objects in our solar system and presumably throughout the Universe. How were they formed and what do they tell us? • Measuring size and distance is a fundamental issue in astronomy. We have to start from homebase. The surer we are of distances in the solar system, the surer we are of measuring the much larger distances between stars and between galaxies. The Moon is the first permanent body beyond the Earth. The Earth-Moon system is the obvious first solar system distance to find. • The Earth-Moon system provides the fascinating spectacle of both lunar and solar eclipses. These have influenced societies, ancient and modern, and provided valuable insights into the nature of the Sun in particular. • There is a tendency to think of heavenly objects as points, because they are so far away.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Future Cities Essay Webinar Wednesday, October 9, 2014 Housekeeping
    Feeding Future Cities Essay Webinar Wednesday, October 9, 2014 Housekeeping • The webinar is using Voice Over Internet. • If the sound quality is not good, a teleconference line is available: - Phone #: 1-415-655-0055 - Code: 763-096-154 - Audio Pin: Shown after joining the webinar • The recorded webinar and slides will be posted on futurecity.org • Survey following the webinar—please respond! Housekeeping How to ask a question • Participant microphones are muted for webinar quality. • Type your question in the “Question” space in the webinar control panel. • Q&A session is at the end of the presentation. Feeding Future Cities Essay Webinar Wednesday, October 9, 2014 Today’s Panelists 1. Tom Chmielenski, Bentley Systems 2. Gene Giacomelli, The University of Arizona 3. Hala Chaoui 4. Marty Matlock, University of Arkansas Welcome Tom Chmielenski, P.E. Advisory Software Engineer Bentley Systems, Inc. • Carnegie Mellon University • B.S. and M.S. Civil Engineering degrees • Future City Mentor since 2009 Welcome • Downingtown Middle School • Future City Philadelphia Middle School Days Tom Chmielenski Ridgway Middle School • Member of the Olympics of the Mind team Middle School Days My Mentors and Career Choice My Mentors: • Parents • High School Guidance Counselor • Two Professors My First student from Burlington City High Mentors School to attend and graduate from Carnegie Mellon University. Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University • Started out in Architecture • Switched to Civil Engineering • Mentoring from my college professors
    [Show full text]
  • Lighting Constraints on Lunar Surface Operations
    NASA Technical Memorandum 4271 : /k ¸ . u_ :i: i ¸ Lighting Constraints on Lunar Surface Operations i: Dean B. Eppler Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas i:_ _ _!ili:_ NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Division 1991 : i• • CONTENTS Section Page ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 STUDY ASSUMPTIONS ..................................................................................................... 2 THE EFFECT OF EARTH-MOON SYSTEM GEOMETRY ON EARTHSHINE ILLUMINATION ................................................................................... 3 CREW OBSERVATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE IN EARTHSHINE ...................... 3 CALCULATION OF VALUE OF ILLUMINATION BY FULL EARTHSHINE ........ 4 CASTING EARTHSHINE ILLUMINATION VALUES IN REAL WORLD TERMS ................................................................................................................ 6 LIGHTING CONSTRAINTS TO LUNAR SURFACE OPERATIONS DURING THE LUNAR DAY .......................................................................................... 8 APPLICATION OF RESULTS TO OPERATIONAL SCHEDULES .............................. 8 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 9
    [Show full text]
  • Guiding Visions of the Space Age
    GUIDING VISIONS OF THE SPACE AGE: HOW IMAGINATIVE EXPECTATIONS DIRECTED AN INDUSTRY by Daniel Waymark Goodman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2019 ©COPYRIGHT by Daniel Waymark Goodman 2019 All Rights Reserved ii To Annie, For your unending love, support and patience. “With a bad telescope and a powerful imagination, there is no saying what you may not accomplish.” H. G. Wells, 1898 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am enormously grateful for the support of a network of brilliant faculty and friends at Montana State University’s Department of History and Philosophy. I am especially privileged to have had the constant guidance of Dr. Michael Reidy over the last two years. Michael, this project could not have happened without your mentorship, critical eye and insights. I am deeply indebted to have had your support and friendship. I am also hugely thankful to have had the guidance of Dr. Brett Walker and Dr. Timothy LeCain. Brett, you taught me new ways of approaching history that have reshaped my worldview. Tim, in enhancing my understanding of my own country’s history, you provided me much of the context I needed for this project. I also owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Billy Smith and Dr. James Meyer for greatly advancing my skills as a writer and thinker. You both pushed me again and again, and I am glad you did. Additionally, to the friendly staff at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum archives in Chantilly, Virginia, thanks for all of your help providing me ample sources for this research as well as future projects.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LIGHT SIDE of the MOON the Wow Factor Kicks in at the New Planetarium
    THE NEW YORKER, April 10, 2000 THE LIGHT SIDE OF THE MOON The wow factor kicks in at the new planetarium. BY ANTHONY LANE Immanuel Kant said that two things gave him constant cause for wonder: the starry firmament above and the moral law within. Both are addressed at the Rose Center for Earth and Space, the new and resplendent appendage to the American Museum of Natural History. Drivers who turn off Central Park West onto Eighty-first Street and catch sight of the new planetarium can be forgiven for losing control of their rear ends; a silver-white sphere, eighty-seven feet in diameter, hung inside a glass cube like the desk toy of an executive giant, is hardly your standard roadside attraction, even in New York. It opened to the public on February 19th; since then, visitors have been lining up to enter the sphere, like those hardy pioneers in red jumpsuits at the end of “Close Encounters of the Third Kind.” In the soft darkness, they sit and watch “Passport to the Universe,” a thirty-minute virtual canter to the end zone of creation. After that, they are spoiled for choice: they can head for the Hall of the Universe, the Planet Zone, the Black Hole Theatre, and the Earth Event Wall, or simply cool off amid galactic merchandise. A day at the Rose Center is ample demonstration that Kant missed a trick. There are in fact three things to marvel at: the starry firmament above, the moral law within, and the specially designed bow-tie-and-cummerbund set available at the Planetarium Shop for $76.
    [Show full text]
  • Geauga Park District Activity Guide
    PARKEXPLORER GEAUGA PARK DISTRICT ACTIVITY GUIDE WINTER 2021 4 How a search for 7 Exciting new 14 Let’s celebrate 60 years 18 Marrying a sense of experience became a park projects and of Geauga Park District’s wonder with a respect passion for astronomy improvements important mission! for Nature UPCOMING EVENTS Mark your calendars! Due to COVID-19 and social distancing guidelines, all public programs and special events are subject to change or be cancelled. Please check our website for updates before heading out. Face coverings are required for all indoor programs and events, as well as for all outdoor programs and events when social distancing is not possible. Thanks in advance for helping keep the parks safe and open for everyone! Opens Saturday, February 13 at The West Woods Nature Center Celebrate 200+ pieces created for this community art exhibition featuring creative works of art inspired by insects and arachnids. Exhibit on display through April 26, 10 AM to 4 PM daily. Friday, February 12 • 1 PM, 2 PM & 3 PM Great Sunday, February 14 • 11 AM, 1 PM & 2:30 PM at The West Woods Nature Center Backyard Registration required. Please sign up for only one session. Join us at the big windows to help identify and count birds and become an official Citizen Scientist during this worldwide bird count coordinated by the Bird Count Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the National Audubon Society. Welcome the signs of spring with maple sugaring fun! Sundays, March 7, 14 & 21 • Noon - 4 PM at Swine Creek Reservation in Middlefield Twp.
    [Show full text]