English-Hungarian Thematic Dictionary
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Coordination and Ellipsis
Comprehensive Grammar Comprehensive Grammar Resources Resources Henk van Riemsdijk & István Kenesei, series editors Syntax of Dutch Syntax of DutchCoordination and Ellipsis Broekhuis Corver Hans Broekhuis Norbert Corver Syntax of Dutch Coordination and Ellipsis Comprehensive Grammar Resources Editors: Henk van Riemsdijk István Kenesei Hans Broekhuis Syntax of Dutch Coordination and Ellipsis Hans Broekhuis Norbert Corver With the cooperation of: Hans Bennis Frits Beukema Crit Cremers Henk van Riemsdijk Amsterdam University Press The publication of this book is made possible by grants and financial support from: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Center for Language Studies University of Tilburg Truus und Gerrit van Riemsdijk-Stiftung Meertens Institute (KNAW) Utrecht University This book is published in print and online through the online OAPEN library (www.oapen.org). OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) is a collaborative initiative to develop and implement a sustainable Open Access publication model for academic books in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The OAPEN Library aims to improve the visibility and usability of high quality academic research by aggregating peer reviewed Open Access publications from across Europe. Cover design: Studio Jan de Boer, Amsterdam Layout: Hans Broekhuis ISBN 978 94 6372 050 2 e-ISBN 978 90 4854 289 5 DOI 10.5117/9789463720502 NUR 624 Creative Commons License CC BY NC (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) Hans Broekhuis & Norbert Corver/Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2019 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
Reference Grammar & Lexicon (Incomplete)
Bwangxùd Reference Grammar and Lexicon Andrew Ray Revised: July 6, 2018 Contents 1 Foreword ...................................................... 3 2 Overview ...................................................... 4 2.1 Dialects....................................................... 4 3 Phonology ...................................................... 5 3.1 Inventory...................................................... 5 3.2 Tones and sandhi ................................................. 5 3.3 Morphosyntax................................................... 6 3.4 Phonological processes.............................................. 6 3.5 Vowel allophony.................................................. 7 3.6 Consonant allophony............................................... 7 3.7 Dialectal variations in phonology ........................................ 8 3.7.1 Western coastal dialect............................................. 8 3.7.2 Northern interior dialect............................................ 8 3.7.3 Southern coastal dialect............................................. 8 3.7.4 Southern interior dialect............................................ 8 4 Simple morphology and syntax ......................................... 9 4.1 Word classes.................................................... 9 4.2 Word order..................................................... 9 4.3 Deniteness and surprise............................................. 9 4.4 Noun roles..................................................... 10 4.5 Proximity..................................................... -
Angol-Magyar Nyelvészeti Szakszótár
PORKOLÁB - FEKETE ANGOL- MAGYAR NYELVÉSZETI SZAKSZÓTÁR SZERZŐI KIADÁS, PÉCS 2021 Porkoláb Ádám - Fekete Tamás Angol-magyar nyelvészeti szakszótár Szerzői kiadás Pécs, 2021 Összeállították, szerkesztették és tördelték: Porkoláb Ádám Fekete Tamás Borítóterv: Porkoláb Ádám A tördelés LaTeX rendszer szerint, az Overleaf online tördelőrendszerével készült. A felhasznált sablon Vel ([email protected]) munkája. https://www.latextemplates.com/template/dictionary A szótárhoz nyújtott segítő szándékú megjegyzéseket, hibajelentéseket, javaslatokat, illetve felajánlásokat a szótár hagyományos, nyomdai úton történő előállítására vonatkozóan az [email protected] illetve a [email protected] e-mail címekre várjuk. Köszönjük szépen! 1. kiadás Szerzői, elektronikus kiadás ISBN 978-615-01-1075-2 El˝oszóaz els˝okiadáshoz Üdvözöljük az Olvasót! Magyar nyelven már az érdekl˝od˝oközönség hozzáférhet német–magyar, orosz–magyar nyelvészeti szakszótárakhoz, ám a modern id˝ok tudományos világnyelvéhez, az angolhoz még nem készült nyelvészeti célú szak- szótár. Ennek a több évtizedes hiánynak a leküzdésére vállalkoztunk. A nyelvtudo- mány rohamos fejl˝odéseés differenciálódása tovább sürgette, hogy elkészítsük az els˝omagyar-angol és angol-magyar nyelvészeti szakszótárakat. Jelen kötetben a kétnyelv˝unyelvészeti szakszótárunk angol-magyar részét veheti kezébe az Olvasó. Tervünk azonban nem el˝odöknélküli vállalkozás: tudomásunk szerint két nyelvészeti csoport kísérelt meg a miénkhez hasonló angol-magyar nyelvészeti szakszótárat létrehozni. Az els˝opróbálkozás -
International Conference Education and Language Edition
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE EDITION 19 AUGUST 2019 Novotel, Athens, Greece CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS BOOK 1 | VOLUME 2 EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS DISCLAIMER This book contains abstracts, keywords and full papers, which has gone under double blind peer-review by NORDSCI Review Committee. Authors of the articles are responsible for the content and accuracy. The book covers the scientific sections Education and Educational research, Language and Linguistics. Opinions expressed might not necessary affect the position of NORDSCI Committee Members and Scientific Council. Information in the NORDSCI 2019 Conference proceedings is subject to change without any prior notice. No parts of this book can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any mean without the written confirmation of the Scientific Council of NORDSCI. Copyright © NORDSCI 2019 All right reserved by NORDSCI International Conference Published by SAIMA CONSULT LTD, Sofia, Bulgaria Total print 60 ISSN 2603-4107 ISBN 978-619-7495-05-8 DOI 10.32008/NORDSCI2019/B1/V2 NORDSCI CONFERENCE Contact person: Maria Nikolcheva e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nordsci.org SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS OF NORDSCI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ARTS AND LETTERS SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CZECH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF HUNGARY SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TURKISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MOLDOVA ISLAMIC WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LATVIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ABAY KAIRZHANOV, RUSSIA LAURA PRICOP, ROMANIA ALEXANDER IVANOV, RUSSIA DOROTA ORTENBURGER, POLAND CHIRCU SORINA, ROMANIA JONAS JAKAITIS, LITHUANIA ELENI HADJIKAKOU, GREECE MAGDALENA BALICA, ROMANIA JANA WALDNEROVA, SLOVAKIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Section EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH | 1. -
A Grammar of Wutun
University of Helsinki A Grammar of Wutun PhD Thesis Department of World Cultures Erika Sandman ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XV (Main Building), on the 26th of November, 2016 at 10 o’clock. Helsinki 2016 Cover image: A thangka painter in Wutun ISBN 978-951-51-2633-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-2634-4 (PDF) Printed by Unigrafia Helsinki 2016 Abstract This study is a grammatical description of Wutun (ISO 639-3 WUH), a distinct local form of Northwest Mandarin spoken by approximately 4000 people in Upper Wutun, Lower Wutun and Jiacangma villages in Tongren County, Huangnan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, People’s Republic of China. While the Wutun language is genealogically a Sinitic language, it has adapted phonologically and structurally to is current linguistic environment where varieties of Amdo Tibetan are dominant regional languages and lingua francas. The Tibetan influence manifests itself in all domains of Wutun grammatical structure, including phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. This has yielded some phonological and grammatical properties that are unusual for a Sintic language and cross-linguistically rare, including the size of a phoneme inventory, multiple aspect marking and egophoricity. The present study is based on first-hand field data collected during three field trips to Qinghai province in June-August 2007, June-August 2010 and June-July 2013. My data includes descriptive and narrative texts, conversations, as well as elicited sentences and grammaticality judgements. The theoretical framework used for language description is based on an informal descriptive theory referred in the literature as Basic Linguistic Theory (BLT) (Dixon 1997, 2010; Dryer 2006). -
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Hungarian Hungarian is spoken by 14-15 million people worldwide. A unique lan guage, completely unrelated to the languages of its neighboring countries, it boasts a grammar full of complex features and a vocabulary deriving largely from a Uralic stock. The book covers the phonological inflectional and derivational morpho logy, syntax, and fundamental lexicon of Hungarian. It gives a detailed summary of both the sound systems and rich case systems of Hungarian and illustrates their various uses. It summarizes the main processes of word formation and gives a detailed account of the sentence structure and the ways of combining words into sentences. It also lists the basic vocabulary of Hungarian. Hungarian addresses current issues in the description of languages and applies up-to-date research techniques to Hungarian. This is the first comprehensive descriptive grammar of the Hungarian language available in English, and will appeal to both the professional linguist and advanced learner of Hungarian alike. István Kenesei is editor of the series Approaches to Hungarian and Professor of Linguistics at József Attila University, Hungary. Robert M. Vago is Professor of Linguistics and Chair of the Department of Linguistics at Queens College of the City University of New York. Previous publications include The Sound Pattern of Hungarian (1980). Anna Fenyvesi is a doctoral candidate at the University of Pittsburgh; she is currently teaching at József Attila University, Hungary. Descriptive Grammars Series Editor: Bernard Comrie University of Southern California ADVISORY BOARD W. S. Allen, Cambridge University J. T. Bendor Samuel, Summer Institute of Linguistics D. C. Derbyshire, Summer Institute of Linguistics R. -
A Grammar of Wutun
University of Helsinki A Grammar of Wutun PhD Thesis Department of World Cultures Erika Sandman ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XV (Main Building), on the 26th of November, 2016 at 10 o’clock. Helsinki 2016 Cover image: A thangka painter in Wutun ISBN 978-951-51-2633-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-2634-4 (PDF) Printed by Unigrafia Helsinki 2016 Abstract This study is a grammatical description of Wutun (ISO 639-3 WUH), a distinct local form of Northwest Mandarin spoken by approximately 4000 people in Upper Wutun, Lower Wutun and Jiacangma villages in Tongren County, Huangnan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, People’s Republic of China. While the Wutun language is genealogically a Sinitic language, it has adapted phonologically and structurally to is current linguistic environment where varieties of Amdo Tibetan are dominant regional languages and lingua francas. The Tibetan influence manifests itself in all domains of Wutun grammatical structure, including phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. This has yielded some phonological and grammatical properties that are unusual for a Sintic language and cross-linguistically rare, including the size of a phoneme inventory, multiple aspect marking and egophoricity. The present study is based on first-hand field data collected during three field trips to Qinghai province in June-August 2007, June-August 2010 and June-July 2013. My data includes descriptive and narrative texts, conversations, as well as elicited sentences and grammaticality judgements. The theoretical framework used for language description is based on an informal descriptive theory referred in the literature as Basic Linguistic Theory (BLT) (Dixon 1997, 2010; Dryer 2006). -
Unique Features of the Nominal Morphological Systems in the Eastern Dialects of Khanty Has Not Been Conducted
Section LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE NOMINAL MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN DIALECTS OF KHANTY Assoc. Prof. Victoria Vorobeva 1, 2 Prof. Dr. Irina Novitskaya 2 1, 2 Tomsk State University, Russia 1 Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia ABSTRACT This paper presents results of a study aiming at identifying unique features in the system of morphological markers of the noun in four idioms of Eastern Khanty (Vakh, Vasyugan, Surgut and Salym). The analysis focuses on the paradigms of three nominal categories: number, possession, and case. It draws on the linguistic data obtained from various grammars of Khanty written over the period from the nineteenth century to the present time. The analysis also incorporates the field data obtained during research trips to the speakers of the Vakh-Vasyugan idiom. The findings point to the fact that the differences are either morphological or phonological, and are sometimes of debatable nature. Keywords: Eastern Khanty, morphology, number, possession, case INTRODUCTION Our analysis is grounded in the concept that the Eastern cluster comprises two idioms: Vakh-Vasyugan and Surgut-Salym. Each idiom is further subdivided into two dialects, e.g. the Surgut Khanty combines the Surgut and Salym dialects, while the Vakh-Vasyugan encompasses the Vakh and Vasyugan dialects. In accordance with the contemporary view, the Surgut idiom includes Pim, Trom-Agan, Agan, and Yugan varians of Surgut Khanty [1]. The Vakh-Vasyugan idiom is represented by the Alexandrovsk variant. The Salym dialect is considered as a mixed variant that includes some elements of the now not existing southern dialects of Khanty [2]. The sociolinguistic situation of the Eastern Khanty is heterogeneous. -
An Outline of Noun Morphology in Surgut And
Section LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS AN OUTLINE OF NOUN MORPHOLOGY IN SURGUT AND SALYM KHANTY Assoc. Prof. Victoria Vorobeva 1, 2 Prof. Dr. Irina Novitskaya 2 Assoc. Prof. Dilara Ichkineeva 3 1 Tomsk State University, Russia 2 Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia 3 Bashkir State University, Russia ABSTRACT This study presents findings resulting from a comparative analysis of the system of nominal morphological markers attested by various researchers in the Surgut dialect and in the badly described Salym dialect. The analysis focused on the morphological markers that form paradigms of three nominal categories: case, number and possession. It aimed at systematizing the linguistic data of Surgut and Salym Khanty. Keywords: Surgut Khanty, Salym Khanty, morphology, number, possession, case INTRODUCTION On a par with the Vakh and Vasyugan dialects, the Surgut and Salym dialects belong to the Eastern cluster of Khanty that is opposed to the Western one, according to a contemporary classification of the dialects in question [1]. The names of the idioms adopted by the speakers are designations given after the name of an area: the Surgut district and a tributary of the Ob river: Salym. The Surgut dialect is subdivided into several variants: Pim, Trom-Agan, Agan, and Yugan [2], [3] while László Honti distinguishes Pim, Trom-Agan, Trom-Yugan, and Yugan variants [4]. According to Marta Csepregi, Trom-Agan and Trom-Yugan form one variant designated as the Trom-Agan. Nowadays all dialects of Khanty are very susceptible to the natural process of language shift. The overwhelming majority of the ethnic population speaks Russian, however, speakers of the Surgut dialect of Khanty have lost their native language less than speakers of other Eastern dialects – Vakh, Vasyugan and Salym. -
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DISCLAIMER This book contains abstracts, keywords and full papers, which has gone under double blind peer-review by NORDSCI Review Committee. Authors of the articles are responsible for the content and accuracy. Opinions expressed might not necessary affect the position of NORDSCI Committee Members and Scientific Council. Information in the NORDSCI 2019 Conference proceedings is subject to change without any prior notice. No parts of this book can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any mean without the written confirmation of the Scientific Council of NORDSCI. Copyright © NORDSCI 2019 All right reserved by the International Conference on Social Sciences NORDSCI. Published by SAIMA CONSULT LTD, Sofia, Bulgaria. Total print 100 ISSN 2603-4107 ISBN 978-619-7495-05-8 DOI 10.32008/NORDSCI2019/B1/V2 NORDSCI CONFERENCE Contact person: Maria Nikolcheva e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nordsci.org SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS OF NORDSCI CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL SCIENCES EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ARTS AND LETTERS SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CZECH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF HUNGARY SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TURKISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MOLDOVA ISLAMIC WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LATVIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ABAY KAIRZHANOV, RUSSIA LADISLAV MURA, SLOVAKIA DUSAN KUCERA, CZECH REPUBLIC LAURA PRICOP, ROMANIA KETEVAN GIGASHVILI, GEORGIA DAVID SIMMONS, NETHERLANDS REGINA LENART-GANSINIEC, POLAND JAN CHRASTINA, CZECH REPUBLIC CHRISTER LINDBER, SWEDEN ALEXANDER IVANOV, RUSSIA DOROTA ORTENBURGER, POLAND CHIRCU SORINA, ROMANIA ROBERT DR. BARTKO, HUNGARY GEORGIOS PANKRATIS, GREECE EWA BRAUN, GERMANY JIRKA GRUILICH, CZECH REPUBLIC MEHMED GURUNLIY, TURKEY KARAM SALAMEH, JORDAN RADA IOAN, ROMANIA SOLVEIGA BLUMBERGA, LATVIA PAVEL NAVRÁTIL, CZECH REPUBLIC JONAS JAKAITIS, LITHUANIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Section EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH | 1. -
Common Declensions and Cases
COMMON DECLENSIONS AND CASES: Modern English is an analytic language. It primarily makes meaning by word order. To show that a word is in the nominative case, (i.e., the word functions as the subject of a clause), modern English speakers put that word in front of the verb. To show that a word is in the accusative case (functioning as a direct objective), modern English speakers put that word after the verb. For instance, The teacher (nominative) graded the tests (accusative/direct object). Word order thus becomes very important in analytic languages. It makes no sense in modern English to write, "The tests graded the teacher." However, Anglo-Saxon (Old English), Latin, Greek, and many other languages are or were synthetic. These languages require that the case or function of each word be visibly marked through inflections or declensions. An inflection, generally speaking, is any change in a word--whether that word is a noun, adjective, verb, adverb, or whatnot. A noun might inflect to show a singular or plural meaning, for instance. Inflections in verbs fall into patterns called conjugations. When you conjugate a verb, you show all its inflections for a particular tense and mood, for instance. Declensions are inflections to words that show what their case is. (The term case simply means what part of speech a word and its modifiers are in--for instance, subject, object, etc.). NB: You always conjugate verbs. You always decline nouns and their modifiers. Grammarians will make fun of you if you talk about "conjugating nouns" or "declining verbs." In synthetic languages, word order does not matter. -
The Distributive “Dwarf Case” in Estonian
The distributive “dwarf case” in Estonian Jussi Ylikoski (Oulu) Abstract The article discusses the borderland between nominal case inflection and adverb deri- vation in Estonian. Estonian grammars customarily present a case system consisting of fourteen cases. The present article takes a step outside the traditional paradigm. The main focus of the study is on certain formations traditionally regarded as denominal adverbs. The previously underdescribed formations in -ti have a distributive meaning (e.g., hommikuti ‘in the mornings’, riigiti ‘across countries; by country’, keeliti ‘across languages’). Based on data drawn from billions of words of modern written Estonian on the Internet, the distributive in -ti turns out to be a rather productive morphological category. Special attention is given to the syntactic properties of these formations, as the data show that the distributive differs starkly from ordinary adverbs. It is argued that the distributives are not fully denominal forms, but rather show many features characteristic of nouns: they may be accompanied by postmodifying relative clauses as well as genitives, adjectival modifiers and pronominal determiners. The article shows that the inflection–derivation interface of the Estonian noun is far from clear-cut. On the basis of the findings presented in this study, it is proposed that our understanding of the Estonian case system can be advanced by introducing a concept of “dwarf case” in analogy with dwarf planets, which are members of the Solar System and share many features with planets despite not being proper planets in and of themselves. The Estonian distributive in -ti can therefore be characterized as a “dwarf case”, an entity that comes quite close to being potentially considered the fifteenth case of the language.