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(Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from Wild Marine Fishes in the South China Sea

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(Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from Wild Marine Fishes in the South China Sea 第39卷 第3期 水生生物学报 Vol. 39, No.3 2015 年 5 月 ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA May, 2 0 1 5 doi: 10.7541/2015.74 THE FIRST RECORDS OF TRICHODINID ECTOPARASITES (CILIOPHORA, PERITRICHIA) FROM WILD MARINE FISHES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA WANG Wen-Qiang, TANG Fa-Hui and ZHAO Yuan-Jun (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China) Abstract: Several marine fishes were surveyed in the South China Sea, from which, four trichodind species (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) belonging to the genus Trichodina were isolated and studied. They are Trichodina puytoraci Lom, 1962, Trichodina japonica Imai, et al., 1991, Trichodina rectuncinata Raabe, 1958 and Trichodina fugu Imai, et al., 1997. This survey has revealed that Trichodina fugu Imai, et al., 1997 was the pathogen for the host Takifugu vermicularis and could cause mortality in wild condition. Taxonomic and morphometric data for these trichodinids based on dry silver nitrate-impregnated specimens are presented in the paper. To our best knowledge, this study is the first formal report on these trichodinids from the South China Sea. Key words: Trichodina; First record; Marine fishes; South China Sea CLC number: Q959.117 Document code: A Article ID: 1000-3207(2015)03-0564-10 As part research work of investigations of fish able information of the pathogen Trichodina fugu Imai, parasitology in China, the main aquatic parasites re- et al., 1997 to the industry of mariculture and marine ported are mainly myxosporea and trichodinid groups ecology. and usually caused serious diseases in the recent find- ings[1—8]. Among them, trichodinid ciliates, as well- 1 Materials and methods known ectoparasites of fishes or mollusks, often para- The wild host fishes (Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, sitize on maricultured and freshwater animals. Up to 1829; Mugil cephalus Forskal, 1775; Leiognathus date, more than 300 nominal trichodinid species have bindus Valenciennes, 1835; Takifugu vermicularis been reported from different environments around the Temminck and Schlegel 1850) were caught in the world [6, 9—15]. South China Sea during March 2011 to June 2012 in In China, a series of research works on tricho- Sanya City, China. The fishes were adults and no ap- dinids have been carried out in the recent fifteen years from parent symptom of disease, deformity or malnutrition all kinds of freshwater and marine environments [16—24]. to be found by eye inspect except some puffer fish Although some trichodinids have been found from the (Takifugu vermicularis) in Dadonghai sea showed Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea in China [20—24], in marine dermohemia, damaged gills, more mucus over the and brackish-water of China, trichodinid ciliophorans body and emptiness of the digestive track. Gills or still remain a poorly studied group, and these cilio- tissue smears were prepared as air dried specimens phorans from the South China Sea have been never from freshly collected fishes. These specimens were reported and need to be further studied systematically. washed with distilled water to get rid of chloride ion, In the present research work, we report four impregnated with 1% silver nitrate solution for 15min, trichodinid species collected from wild marine fishes exposed to incandescent light for 5min, examined un- from the South China Sea, and compared them with der the LEICA DM750 microscope and microphoto- previously reported population from other host fishes graphed using LEICA DM6000B. The macronucleus from other sea areas and discussed the possible rea- morphology, the micronucleus position relative to the sons for their flourish, hoping to provide some valu- macronucleus and all measurements were performed Received date: 2014-08-27; Accepted date: 2014-11-09 Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31101637, No. 31172068); the Project of Chongqing Science & Tech- nology Commission (No. CSTC, 2010CA1010; No. cstc2014jcyjA80008); the Science Research Foundation of the Education Committee of Chongqing (No. KJ1400530) Brief introduction of author: Wang Wen-Qiang (1986—), male, Chengdu, China; Master’s degree graduates; mainly engaged in Fish Parasitol- ogy. E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: Zhao Yuan-Jun, E-mail: [email protected] 3 期 王文强等: 南中国海野生海水鱼类外寄生车轮虫新记录 565 following the uniform specific characteristic system The present host Gerres filamentosus, which is a proposed by Lom (1958)[25]. Denticle characteristics coastal inhabitant and collected from Yalong Bay of were described following the method given by Lom China, is a new host record for T. japonica. According (1958) and Van As and Basson (1989) [14, 25]. Measu- to our study, T. japonica seems more likely to infect rements were presented in mircometres (μm). coastal marine fishes in Asia, as currently it is only seen in Asia and present in nearly the smallest popula- 2 Results tion compared to other reported ones. Coincidently, it Subclass Peritrichia Stein, 1859 is also geographically distributed at the lowest latitude, Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933 which contributes to expanding its host range. Family Trichodinidae Claus, 1874 Trichodina puytoraci Lom, 1962 Genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 Host and site: Mugil cephalus (Forskal, 1775), Trichodina japonica Imai, et al., 1991 gills. Host and site: Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829), Locality: Shore of Dadonghai (109.5°E,18.2°N), gills. Sanya City, China. Locality: Yalong Bay (109.7°E, 18.2°N), Sanya Body: Medium-sized marine Tichodina speices, City, China. with diameter of 27.0—38.5 (33.76±3.18). Body: Small-sized marine Tichodina species with Adhesive disc: 23.7—34.4 (30.08±3.06) in di- diameter of 24.0—28.5 (26.0±1.75) ameter. Adhesive disc: 21.0—26.0 (23.2±1.64) in diameter. Denticle ring: 14.4—22.4 (18.78±2.45) in di- Denticle ring: 12.0—4.0 (13.1±0.85) in diameter. ameter. Border membrane: Whitish, 1.0—1.7 (1.47±0.31) Border membrane: Finely striated and 1.0—3.0 wide. (1.67±0.56) wide. Number of denticles: 18—19. Number of denticles: 20—25. Number of radial pins per denticle: 6—7. Number of radial pins per denticle: 7—9. Dimensions of denticle: Length: 2.5—3.0 (2.64± Dimensions of denticle: Length: 3.2—4.8 (3.89± 0.15), blade length: 1.5—2.0 (1.84±0.17), central part 0.47), blade length: 2.3—4.2 (3.20±0.46), central part length: 0.5—1.5 (0.99±0.15), ray: 2.5—3.0 (2.64± length: 0.7—1.9 (1.44±0.33), ray: 2.5—5.3 0.15), span: 5.5—6.5 (5.95±0.14). (3.65±0.83), span: 6.7—10.0 (8.67±0.95). Nuclear apparatus: Macronucleus horseshoe- Nuclear apparatus: Macronucleus U-shaped; mi- shaped, micronucleus not observed. cronucleus oval, usually situated in +y position. Adoral spiral: About 380°. Adoral spiral: About 380°. Denticle morphology (PlateⅠ-1): Broad blade, Denticle morphology (PlateⅠ-2): Broad blade fitting most space between Y+1 axis; round distal with slightly falcate, fitting most space between Y+1 blade surface with curve to anterior blade surface and axis; truncated or flat distal blade surface parallel to lower than tangent point; round and smooth blade border membrane when situated close to it and almost tangent point; anterior and posterior surfaces conver- at the same level with tangent point; blunt and smooth gent almost straightly and heavily to the centre; ante- tangent point; smoothly down-curved anterior surface rior surface closed to Y + 1 axis, invisible blade almost touching Y+1 axis, forming a shallow apex; apophysis and posterior projection; slender central absent anterior and posterior blade apophysis; delicate part with round point fitting loosely into preceding blade connection; slender central part with blunt point denticle and extending more than halfway to Y–1 axis; fitting tightly with preceding denticle; similar sections robust ray connection, tapering to the sharp point; ab- above and below X-axis; straight ray with throughout sent ray apophysis. same thickness, but thicker end and invisible round tip; Remarks. T. japonica was originally described visible ray apophsis. Posterior margin forms shallow, by Imai, et al. (1991) from the gills of cultured Japa- semilunar curve with deepest point lying lower than nese eel, Anguilla japonica and redescribed by Xu, et apex. al. (1999) from the gills of cultured percoids, Lateo- Remarks. T. puytoraci was originally described labrax japonicus and Chrysophrys major in Qingdao, by Lom from the gills of Mugil auratus, Mugil salieus China[20, 26]. Later, it was reported by Mitra and and Mugil cephalus from the Black Sea coast in Ru- Bandyopadhyay from the gills of Lates calcarifer in mania (PlateⅠ-3). Based on its morphology, the pre- [27] India . The population presented in our study is sent species was identified as T. puytoraci. However, it identical in morphometry and denticle shape to T. ja- [26] is comparatively smaller in size than the previously ponica originally described by Imai, et al. reported ones from Mugil auratus, Mugil saliens, Mugil 566 水生生物学报 39 卷 platanus and Mugil cephalus [9, 28, 29] (Tab. 1). This a lot, as the case that T. rectuncinata and T. puytoraci species can be easily distinguished from other sea- reported here from Mugil cephalus in the South water trichodinids by the presence of several thickly China Sea apparently have denticles with smaller size dotted granules in the centre of adhesive disc, and by than other populations described by Lom (1962) [9] the truncated distal blade margin, widened and swol- (Tab. 1). len tip of the ray and distinct ray apophysis. Moreover, Besides, another trichodinid species named as T. puytoraci seems to have a narrower host range, be- Trichodina chittagongesis was found to be similar to cause it was mainly found from the genus of Mugil the present species (PlateⅠ-4).
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