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Routledge Handbook of Islam in the West

Roberto Tottoli

Muslims and Islam

Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315794273.ch3 Annliese Nef Published online on: 20 Aug 2014

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Sicily the to with hosts relations temporary also were authors Nef Annliese 62 hsitrrtto fteHautevilles the of interpretation This through horizon: Islamic literary a in kings their and Sicily integrated authors these of All sfra h hm eaetetn scnend a concerned, is treating are we theme the as far As – 0) a rmdnigti paetyabgoshsoia elt,w hn htthe that think we reality, historical ambiguous apparently this denying from Far 300). fi iino h eyntr frylpwri wlt-etr iiy hs tmgtbe might it Thus, Sicily. twelfth-century in power royal of nature very the of nition fi – ewa odgvrmn hudb nIslam. in be should government good what ne 10). ’ miin sakyt t nesadn.Tercpet of recipients The understanding. its to key a is ambitions ’ – lbrto osntpeedt setta toeae a operated it that assert to pretend not does elaboration n ugt ila Ia Arabic an II William to sung and 9 ’ oenet hc sltl ouetd this documented, little is which government, s fi s mre uigtepro fdecoloni- of period the during emerged rst fi s motn aei 12 ti h year the is It 1112. is date important rst fi s lc,teMsiso Sicily. of Muslims the place, rst fi fi s iei ogtm nthe on time long a in time rst e h oiino iiyin Sicily of position the ned rihla qasida ieaygenre literary a , D Simone (De ’ “ oiyas policy Islamic ” Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 03:53 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315794273, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315794273.ch3 huh hti ol aeteopruiyo h eec orifreispwr h ria in arrival The power. its reinforce to regency the of opportunity the take Sea could the it of that 135 charge thought 1998: in Wiedemann was and who (Loud Calatabiano, prison of watching 130 Robert a of 1998: Latin, contained Wiedemann charge a and which in by (Loud was revenge Palermo who of of Martin, palace enterprise eunuch the the and by city organized the trials revenge provoked have etdta tcudb nesodi eaint sai ocpin Buad21:42 2013: (Bougard conceptions Islamic to 305 relation 2002: in (Metcalfe understood death the kind be to a of could nearer attributed chief it being gets II and that he Roger eunuch gested as condemnation, the this fervor of of Christian dimension execution of religious the the on is insist period sources same the during fl tension of moment a obr nrhr tla)stlmn n h ardbtenMsisadLombards Palermo and same, the Muslims All between Piazza persisted. have hatred 124). to the 1998: said and Wiedemann is events settlement and these (Loud Italian) generating by thus army (northern engendered rebels, the Lombard Latin the within a subdue Muslims was to sent and was Christians Muslims, of between part in formed army, royal ihBznim hitduo,wowsipioe nte12s(e 01 587 linked 2011: closely (Nef more 1120s king, the the in of imprisoned adviser was another who of Christodoulos, Fatimids. expense Byzantium, the the with 1154) with at in reorientation and per- this II Ifriqiya of Roger was with promoter of subjects links death of his the the reinforcement and to of the king (up re-Arabization of 1130 the a that in between also beginning be distance is period references, to a political The appears Islamic introducing contemporaries. what of by of promotion in ceived way a departure as This of and others. produced point among it world, a documents Islamic and the the and arrival administration towards of point shifted a kingdom time the of center political the Hautevilles that the strengthening is certain is What ulm 16)i aem n rudPaz Lu n idmn 98 121 1998: Wiedemann and (Loud (Loud Piazza (1160) around Ifriqiya and of abandonment Palermo the in to (1161) led Muslims it at then 78 was the Bari, 1998: take Wiedemann of It not and Maio movement. did kingdom, opposition the anti-Muslim This of room. simple minister enough a them Peninsula of leave of not Margaret Iberian form did widow, Sicily thought, the it. they his and of leaving which, of mainland power context before regency Italian the Sicily the The in in of documented. period forgotten beginning long be the a a cannot and be for origin I to lived (whose William author who of anonymous Navarra and the reign consider Europe the specialists northern During All in 1169. born and to Latin, 1154 equivalent between events not Sicilian is Pseudo-Falcandus the Islamic is again, period Here II. meaningful. Roger is of supporters which the choice for a Muslim Ramadan, of month since quista e,Pii fMhiy,wowsbre npbi o psayi 13 lhuhearlier Although 1153. in apostasy for public in burned was who Mahdiyya, of Philip eet, fe h et fWlimIi 16 e eidbgn h rsorc em ohave to seems aristocracy The began. period new a 1166, in I William of death the After oehls,tepro sntdvi ftnin:Gog fAtohsest aebe a been have to seems Antioch of George tensions: of devoid not is period the Nonetheless, same the at is It Sicily. of king became Roger year the 1130, is date important second The ila I William aem,wih omry nteps,te ad a a ig h a ue vrthe over impenetrable date. been ruled an that have had until through king who years, should a kings many kingdom without had after remained the had subsequently, had said, of which, plan, divine they and capital past, Sicily], and [of the center province in formerly, the which, that Palermo, added councilors] [The ,teciiim fteHautevilles the of criticisms the ), fi ei h uihetrsre o psayi sa.Mroe,ti apnddrn the during happened this Moreover, Islam. in apostasy for reserved punishment the is re ’ eg spriual es npltclcnrnain.Temi orefrthis for source main The confrontations. political in dense particularly is reign s – 1,ad nyatrad,t h udro aoadt asce of massacres to and Maio of murder the to afterwards, only and, 81), ’ ik ihIlmcpltclpractices. political Islamic with links ’ hoil Lu n idmn 98,wihdsrbsthe describes which 1998), Wiedemann and (Loud chronicle s ’ hie,sm fwihwr bnoe,aebetter are abandoned, were which of some choices, ’ ai aosmnfse hi poiint a to opposition their manifested barons Latin s fi s oeetaanttenwchief new the against movement a rst – 6). AeadrTlsns19:23) 1991: Telesinus (Alexander – – ) thsbe utysug- justly been has it 7), ulm n sa nSicily in Islam and Muslims ) ewshle nthis in helped was He 1). ’ udr r adto said are murders s – – ) Another 8). ) hr a where 2), ’ ’ s Castle, s Recon- fi – ghts 4) 63 3 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 03:53 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315794273, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315794273.ch3 h ue)o h uuh n fteidvdasssetdt aecnetdi erti not is secret in converted have to suspected individuals the of and Muslim eunuchs being the of of fact queen) the the than reality of Sea dissimulation the in there. imprisoned dies judged, and is debts, He his Robert. pay protecting cannot up ends she queen, ol cuePtro aigbtae h igo iiyi 10i rn fMhiy and Mahdiyya of front in 1160 in Sicily of de king Molise the of he betrayed left, Richard having Peter thus, of once of the Latins: Peter even form That Nonetheless, some accuse the king. banal. taken any- by would quite the sometimes slave defended is to have a still Islamicization service should being of was opponents of or not its exclusively apostasy same, by of born the party accusations aristocracy all political an this the Peter, of of 134). of denunciations example 1998: detriment an eunuchs Wiedemann the became and the Hautevilles on more, (Loud was to the view seen, of birth have of we promoter point low as a who, of Aiello, and of individuals side Matthew example, to For accessible nobility. inherited Bourdieu, Pierre paraphrase idmn 98 8 n nIlmc oiie n InJby,i on 02 212 2002: Johns in Jubayr, (Ibn one positive, di Islamic, two an in and 78) found 1998: be Wiedemann can it Moreover, frequent. justi o h aeo oeto aaain,wosest aebe iiesbtas crystallized also but pitiless court been the have all to by n.184). seems manipulated 166, who and 1998: Calatabiano, Wiedemann used of and is Robert (Loud fantasies, of to crimes order case these in Pseudo-Falcandus the chancellor punish the how the to to in done wrote passage he had since The he credit what some given him have ask to seems III Alexander pope o cuehmepesyo rao n trbtstepltclrsosblt fMahdiyya of responsibility political the the as attributes speci known and this chronicler on treason the of 1160, expressly Peter In him eunuch Calatabiano. accuse the criticizes of not he Robert although against Pseudo-Falcandus, accusations more the (for with situation this of reality the on position 251 a 2002: Johns taking see it, without of palace favor and in royal all, arguments of the First that Muslims. sources, various in a of ascension the be to same seems the element at important and An queen reveal. the details by the promoted 146 was 1998: king, Wiedemann communication the a by as emancipation time all posthumous above were a appear who from and those limited and were him measures eunuchs they Some designated but others). the who among direction judged Margaret, Calatabiano, policy. this of see Queen in (Robert to the taken Christians the were of opportunity against brother an abuses of Perche, as accused of appeared Stephen chancellor, of as 1167 in Sicily Nef Annliese 64 gis hitaswohdcnetdt sa nsce,i atclraantRbr of Robert against 166 particular 1998: He in Wiedemann 1161. of and secret, rebellion (Loud the Muslims speci in after by treating repression virgins ill royal Islam the of of to accused instrument is an converted been had had who Calatabiano, who Christians against heart. at Muslim 78 remained 1998: Wiedemann and (Loud Maio Admiral to abandonment neetnl nuh h rbe eei oeteie fMsi rslts n fthe of and proselytism Muslim of idea the more is here problem the enough, Interestingly n atagmn hc a ob omne pni h eurn dawihi expressed is which idea recurring the is upon commented be to has which argument last One bene who Peter, eunuch The altogether. disappeared tensions that say to not is This nthe In n16,we tpe fPrh eaecaclo,nmru cuain eeexpressed were accusations numerous chancellor, became Perche of Stephen when 1167, In fi fi dhis ed reyciiie n upce ftesnadaots;h thus he apostasy; 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Sicily nonetheless religious is past which other a exception) of only life the the Islamic. being prolonged or I Muslim Hautevilles Roger the by if restored as here works Nef Annliese 66 o vnteciig nwihboshv enwitnb oenhistorians. modern by written been is have What books 1990). which (Lavagnini on preserved ceiling, been the quali has even is Greek not element in no that written is text interesting This chapel. the describes ’ agtr h a onatrRoger after born was who daughter, s fw olwteraigo Sicily of reading the follow we If its to VI Henri by population the of defeat predictable the attributes author the Second, nte usdri b uar nAa ulmfo lAdls i ecito sopposed is description His al-Andalus. from Muslim Arab an Jubayr, Ibn is outsider Another and homilies Christian of author Sicilian a Cerami, of Philagete is there hand, other the On fcus,oemgttikta l hs et antb eda eta xrsinabout expression neutral a as read be cannot texts these all that think might one course, Of sfrthe for As Letter ” re vrtedsperneo h Hautevilles the of disappearance the over cries ’ fe h et fWlimI,wolf ohi,sneteeprrhdmridRoger married had emperor the since heir, no left who II, William of death the after .Tebgnigo h eti nedcaatrzdb ido odri h face the in wonder of kind a by characterized indeed is text the of beginning The s. ’ lbrto,wihnvrquali never which elaboration, “ outsiders, ’ fi s w eedteHautevilles the defend two rst aiy lhuhhsbrhwsilgtmt,adopsdHniV.Teauthor The VI. Henri opposed and illegitimate, was birth his although family, “ Sarracens ” a fi fi d ihsm esn shsiet h Hautevilles the to hostile as reason, some with ed, ’ s uhri ai,atog i xc dniyi o nw.The known. not is identity exact his although Latin, is author rst eg n alt eint hr a,woenm snot is name whose man, third a designate to call a and reign s ’ forum – 62). fi rte fe 19(odadWeean19:252 1998: Wiedemann and (Loud 1189 after written ’ da sai rOina,o vncniee ssurprising, as considered even or Oriental, or Islamic as ed itr,uigPseudo-Falcandus using history, s ” ’ ,ee ftePltn hpl h aae h palatine the palace, the chapel, Palatine the if even ), et.Too the of Two death. s fi sayeeeta sai rMsi (toponyms Muslim or Islamic as element any es ’ ocpin,wietels w xrs hostile a express two last the while conceptions, ’ prsin ned ace fLcewas Lecce of Tancred Indeed, oppression. ’ iiytraee yHniVI Henri by threatened Sicily ’ Letter iuto nteiln sntto not is island the on situation ’ et,bcuei a made was it because death, s ’ set r eae othe to related are aspects s ’ aplaPltn,he Palatina, Cappella s ’ e,teMsisof Muslims the key, s ff “ ’ h otlthreat mortal the sai elements Islamic program. fi da either as ed etrto Letter ’ s “ – furor 63). ” Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 03:53 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315794273, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315794273.ch3 Notes di appears It Conclusions the wonder, a underline at in them who it of those qualify even All not outsiders, contrary. do for the they nor believe, but insiders to extraordinary, for pretended neither rhetorically Muslim, or all believed, above and Islamic, are nepeaino h cosado otmoaisi motn nti rcs,btw should we but process, this in categories. the important and Considering precise is use. questioning with contemporaries we own twelfth- contemporaries categories of our the in by interrogate and rethink Islam also such actors to thought. us the as invite greater of described thus given interpretation and does be example Muslim, to Sicilian partially The has aims. only exactly is means Sicily it century what but overview, quick constructed, often suppose, to than rather tef h osatsca vlto n emnn enepeaino h oilraiycannot reality social authenticity the of of notion reinterpretation the is permanent as and problematic, evolution quite social is done, constant been The sometimes itself. has as context, this in conquerors. the of descendants the for either so not the was to foreign other, strange, h wlt etr o twsse sapr fScla elt.Isclua elztoswere realizations cultural Its reality. Sicilian of religion. part Muslim exalt a not Hautevilles, did the as certainly of themselves opponents sovereigns the seen the by although politically was manipulated was dimension it religious its and for extolled century twelfth the and culture speci Islamic a de in the essential culture an from Islamic borrowed of di expression references be peculiar can mixing a can is construction exposed it surprising we or What Christianity, a scientists. quite social other is and it di historians two by in judgment interpreted value be a of object the be W itnus eeb h s fdsic em hti eiiu ilm ulm ntoday in Muslim) (islam, religious is what terms distinct of use the by here distinguish We 1 I hsatceF ogr,wo hn o hscmuiain otmltsti osblt u ends but possibility this contemplates communication, this for thank I whom and Bougard, 1980s F. article the this to In century nineteenth 3 the of end the From time. long a for forgotten was Sicily Islamic 2 Lmtn h netgto otePed-acnu,byn oeto aaain,tomnare men two Calatabiano, of Robert beyond Pseudo-Falcandus, the to investigation the Limiting 4 usinn the Questioning societies, in happen changes which with speed the about careful very us make also should This hsIlmcdmninwsntse sapolm n fe o vnprevda uh in such, as perceived even not often and problem, a as seen not was dimension Islamic This rbcsekr rnt ulmo o,btpr fa sai oit,ta s hs government whose is, that society, Islamic an of part but not, or Muslim not, de or speakers Arabic n hti oelreypr fIlmcsceisadcnb te hnMsi Ilm ihacapital a with (Islam, Muslim de of than other be can and societies Islamic of part largely “ more is what and yrjcigi nfvro nitrrtto mhszn eee ocpslne ihRmnLaw, Roman with linked concepts renewed emphasizing interpretation an of is favor by Sicily punishment in Islamic in it of changed study rejecting has archeological) by This (and numismatics. historical sectors philology; few the history; A Ifriqiya. and art of decade view renewal: of last constant point the the but from 1966 occasional Talbi known 1991; Amari have were: works main two the 1990s, cue frpsado rsiuino itoswmn ao(odadWeean19:7)and 76) 1998: Wiedemann and (Loud Maio women: virtuous of for prostitution space the and/or more rapes leave of will accused subject this on preparing by Sicily. punishment is and of he Spain re-emergence study the as systematic of a dimension Islamic that the though, orally, me to i, fi ” e tefa ato the of part a as itself nes strategos sai) h expression the Islamic); fi ffi iinae(e 2011). (Nef are nition utt cetfrfnaetlss ete eiiu rcluait o tcnrsswith contrasts it for culturalist, or religious they be fundamentalists, for accept to cult ffi fi utt eya sai ieso oteHautevilles the to dimension Islamic an deny to cult ihr nMsia(odadWeean19:8) ohwr ild h three The killed. were both 83); 1998: Wiedemann and (Loud Messina in Richard iino sa,bti hudntb di be not should it but Islam, of nition fi ehvn iapae uigteHg ideAe nteLtnwrd econ He world. Latin the in Ages Middle High the during disappeared having re “ authenticity ff rn as ihrti ieso antb quali be cannot dimension this Either ways. erent a al-islam dar fi “ rbMuslim Arab s oqeoswsnts o h einlpplto,adsoon and population, regional the for so not was conquerors rst ” fteAai n sai ieso fti oa elaboration royal this of dimension Islamic and Arabic the of ehv osaehr oudriehwcnrlteequestions these central how underline to here space no have We . posteriori a ” ilhr ulf niiul rgop hc a be may which groups or individuals qualify here will “ hllgclway. philological otniis htmgthv perdas appeared have might What continuities. ffi utfrhsoin n oilscientists. social and historians for cult fi ei otxsweei spasbe such plausible, is it where contexts in re ” fi ’ otx.Ti atoption last This context. c ulm n sa nSicily in Islam and Muslims iiya h n fthis of end the at Sicily fl fi uihn today. ourishing da sai because Islamic as ed ’ categories s fi rmed fi 67 rst Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 03:53 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315794273, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315794273.ch3 —— ua,B (2009) B. 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