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Lower Chindwin District Volume A
BURMA GAZETTEER LOWER CHINDWIN DISTRICT UPPER BURMA RANGOON OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PART A. THE DISTRICT 1-211 Chapter I. Physical Description 1-20 Boundaries 1 The culturable portion 2 Rivers: the Chindwin; the Mu 3 The Alaungdaw gorge 4 Lakes ib. Diversity of the district ib. Area 5: Surveys ib. Geology 6 Petroliferous areas ib. Black-soil areas; red soils ib. Volcanic rocks 7 Explosion craters ib. Artesian wells 8 Saline efflorescence ib. Rainfall and climate 9 Fauna: quadrupeds; reptiles and lizards; game birds; predatory birds 9-15 Hunting: indigenous methods 16 Game fish 17 Hunting superstitions 18 Chapter II, History and Archæology 20-28 Early history 20 History after the Annexation of 1885 (a) east of the Chindwin; (b) west of the Chindwin: the southern portion; (c) the northern portion; (d) along the Chindwin 21-24 Archæology 24-28 The Register of Taya 25 CONTENTS. PAGE The Alaungdaw Katthapa shrine 25 The Powindaung caves 26 Pagodas ib. Inscriptions 27 Folk-lore: the Bodawgyi legend ib. Chapter III. The People 28-63 The main stock 28 Traces of admixture of other races ib. Population by census: densities; preponderance of females 29-32 Towns and large villages 32 Social and religious life: Buddhism and sects 33-35 The English Wesleyan Mission; Roman Catholics 35 Animism: the Alôn and Zidaw festivals 36 Caste 37 Standard of living: average agricultural income; the food of the people; the house; clothing; expenditure on works of public utility; agricultural stock 38-42 Agricultural indebtedness 42 Land values: sale and mortgage 48 Alienations to non-agriculturists 50 Indigence 51 Wages ib. -
New Government's Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar
CHAPTER 2 New Government’s Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar Aung Min and Toshihiro KUDO This chapter should be cited as: Aung Min and Kudo, K., 2012. “New Government’s Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar.” In Economic Reforms in Myanmar: Pathways and Prospects, edited by Hank Lim and Yasuhiro Yamada, BRC Research Report No.10, Bangkok Research Center, IDE-JETRO, Bangkok, Thailand. Chapter 2 New Government’s Initiatives for Industrial Development in Myanmar Aung Min and Toshihiro KUDO Abstract Since 1988, when the State Law and Order Restoration Council (military government) assumed state responsibility, the market has been partially opened to the outside world. Myanmar's industrialization has shown little progress as the previous government’s1 policies and poor international relations hampered FDI inflows. As the new “elected” government took office in 2011, significant changes in policies have taken place and this paper intends to highlight the efforts of the new government in its attempt to enhance industrial development. The paper assesses the performance of related union-level ministries and regional governments towards industrial development through establishing industrial zones in all states and regions, except the Chin and Kayah states. The establishment of seven new industrial zones and extension of 18 existing industrial zones is seen to have a positive effect on industrial development, although improvements in infrastructural facilities need to be realized. Introducing the SME Service Centre in Yangon and SME financing schemes enables the firms to obtain loans from the newly named Small and Medium Industrial Development Bank (SMIDB)2, thus contributing to SME development to some extent. -
Golden Mrauk-U, The: an Ancient Capital of Rakhine by U Shwe
A GUIDE TO MRAUK - U An Ancient City of Rakhine, Myanmar By Tun Shwe Khine (M.A) First Edition 1992 Historical Sites in Mrauk-U Aerial view of Mrauk-U I <i H Published by U Tun Shwe, Registrar (1) Sittway Degree College, Sittway. Registration No. 450/92 (10) 1992 Nov. 13. Art Adviser and Make-up U Kyaw Hla, Editor, University Translation & Publications Dept., Yangon. Photographs by Ko Tun Shaung, University Translation & Publications Dept., Yangon. Typeset by Shwe Min-Tha-Mee Computer, No. 9 (E), Thalawady Road, 7th mile, Yangon. Printed by U Tha Tun (03333), Nine Nines Press, 25, Razadirat Road, Botahtaung, Yangon. Tha Tun (03333) Cover Registration No. (413/92) (12), printed by U First Edition Jan: 1993, 2000 Copies. Cover - Dukkhanthein Shrine at Sun'set THE GOLDEN CITY OF MRAUK-U The Author Tun Shwe Khine was born in Rambyae, Rakhine State in 1949; graduated from Yangon University in 1972 and obtained master degree in Geography in 1976. He has served as a tutor in Yangon Worker's College; assistant lecturer and registrar (2) in Sittway Degree College. Now he is the Registrar (1) of Sittway Degree College. He has written several research articles and books, and edited some books, magazines and journals. "*,r. Some of his works excluding articles are as follows: (1) Rakhine State Regional Geography (in Myanmar), (2) Ancient Cities ofRakhine (in Myanmar), (3) The History of Rakhine Dynasty (in Myanmar), (4) The Thet Tribe in Northern Rakhine (in Myanmar), (5) Rakhine Buddhist Art in Vesali Period (in Myanmar), (6) Rakhine Folk-Tales (in Myan- mar), (7) Earlier Writers in Rakhine (in Myanmar), (8).4 Study ofRakhine Minthami Aye-gyin (in Myanmar), (9)The History of Rakhine Mahamuni (in Myanmar and English) and (10) Historical Sites in Rakhine (in English). -
A Comparison of the First and Fiftieth Year of Burmese Law Reports
385 A COMPARISON OF THE FIRST AND FIFTIETH YEAR OF INDEPENDENT BURMA'S LAW REPORTS By Myint Zan* This article compares the annual Law Reports of the first year of Burmese independence in 1948 with those published in the fiftieth year of Burmese independence (1998). In making the comparison, the author highlights the fundamental changes that occurred in the structure and composition of the highest courts in Burma, along with relevant background and factors effecting these changes. There was a movement away from the predominant use of English in 1948 towards judgments exclusively in Burmese in the 1998 Law Reports. Burma's neighbours, who shared a common law legal heritage, did not follow this trend after their independence. This shift, combined with Burma's isolation from the rest of the world, makes analysis of Burmese case law from the past three and a half decades very difficult for anyone not proficient in the Burmese language. This article tries to fill the lacunae as far as the Law Report from the fiftieth year of Burma's independence is concerned. Cet article propose une comparaison des recueils de jurisprudence publiés annuellement sur une période d'un demi-siècle, à compter de la première année de l'indépendance birmane en 1948, jusqu'au cinquantième anniversaire de son indépendance en 1998. A la faveur de cette comparaison, l'auteur souligne les changements fondamentaux qui ont affecté la structure et composition des cours birmanes mais s'intéresse aussi au contexte dans lesquels ces changements ont été effectués. Il souligne ainsi que le mouvement contre l'usage de l'anglais dans les recueils des décisions de justice des cours birmanes, amorcé après 1948, a trouvé son point d'aboutissement en 1998, date à laquelle seule la langue birmane est utilisée. -
Buddhism in the Late Konbaung Period(1819-1885)
BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) PhD DISSERTATION KO KO NAING DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MANDALAY MYANMAR JUNE, 2010 BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) University of Mandalay BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Mandalay In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History Department of History Ko Ko Naing 4 PhD(R)-Hist-22 Mandalay, Myanmar June, 2010 ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of Buddhism in the late Konbaung Period. How Buddhism was introduced into Myanmar is discussed. How the Myanmars professed a mixture of Buddhism and their traditional beliefs is explained. Among the seven kings who supported the Religion in Myanmar, two—Kings Badon and Mindon—reigned in the late Konbaung Period. King Badon’s personal views and progressive ideas concerning the Religion are touched upon. How the kings purified the Religion partly to facilitate their rule is discussed. The monks formed separate sects in the late Konbaung period even though they did not differ from one another in robes, literature, doctrine or goal. However, the kings’ support was important for a sect to stand on its own. In the late Konbaung Period, the Fifth Buddhist Synod, which was the first Buddhist Synod held in Myanmar, was convened. That the Buddhist synod convened by King Mindon was not necessary for the Religion and that he convened it only to defy the British who had annexed Lower Myanmar and to assume the title Pyinsama Thangayanatin Mintaya (the Convener of the Fifth Buddhist Synod) are discussed. -
Appendix Appendix
APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 . -
Myanmar Situation Update (12 - 18 July 2021)
Myanmar Situation Update (12 - 18 July 2021) Summary Myanmar detained State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, President U Win Myint and former Naypyitaw Council Chairman Dr. Myo Aung appeared at a special court in Naypyitaw’s Zabuthiri township for their trial for incitement under Section 505(b) of the Penal Code. The junta filed fresh charges against Suu Kyi, bringing the number of cases she faces to ten with a potential prison sentence of 75 years. The next court hearings of their trial have been moved to July 26 and 27, following the junta’s designation of a week-long public holiday and lockdown order. Senior National League for Democracy (NLD) patron Win Htein was indicted on a sedition charge by a court inside a Naypyitaw detention center with a possible prison sentence of up to 20 years. The state- run MRTV also reported the Anti-Corruption Commission (AAC) made a complaint against the former Chief Minister of Shan State, three former state ministers, and three people under the anti-corruption law at Taunggyi Township police station while the junta has already filed corruption cases against many former State Chief Ministers under the NLD government. During the press conference on 12 July 2021 in Naypyitaw, the junta-appointed Union Election Commission (UEC) announced that 11,305,390 voter list errors were found from the investigation conducted by the UEC. The UEC also said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is investigating foreign funding of political parties and the investigation reports will be published soon with legal actions to be taken against the parties who violate the law. -
Sagaing Region
Myanmar Information Management Unit District Map - Sagaing Region 93° E 94° E 95° E 96° E 97° E Puta-O Pansaung INDIA !( CHINA N N Ü Nanyun ° ° 7 7 2 2 Nanyun !( Don Hee Shin Bway Yang !( THAILAND Tanai Lahe Lahe N Hkamti N ° Htan Par Kway ° 6 6 2 !( 2 Hkamti KACHIN STATE Hpakant Hkamti District Kamaing !( Lay Shi Myitkyina Sum Ma Rar !( Mogaung .! INDIA Lay Shi Mo Paing Lut N !( N Hopin ° ° 5 Homalin !( 5 2 2 Homalin Mohnyin Sinbo !( Shwe Pyi Aye !( Dawthponeyan !( Myothit !( SAGAING REGION Myo Hla Banmauk !( Banmauk Indaw Tamu Paungbyin Bhamo Indaw Katha Shwegu Momauk Tamu Katha Mansi Paungbyin Pinlebu Katha District Tamu N N ° ° 4 Wuntho 4 2 District 2 Cikha Pinlebu !( Mawlaik District Wuntho Khampat Tigyaing !( Kawlin Tigyaing Kawlin Mawlaik Mawlaik Tonzang Takaung Mabein Kyunhla !( Tedim Rihkhawdar Kanbalu District !( Kyunhla Legend Manton Kalewa Kalewa Kale Kanbalu .! State/Region Capital Mongmit Main Town Namtu !( N Kale Kale District Taze Kanbalu Other Town N ° CHIN STATE Namhsan ° 3 Taze 3 2 Falam Mogoke 2 Mingin Thabeikkyin Township Boundary Mingin Ye-U State/Region Boundary Khin-U Monglon Mongngawt Ye-U !( !( Thantlang Khin-U International Boundary Tabayin Kyauk Hakha Tabayin Hsipaw .! Myaung Road Shwebo District !( Singu Kyaukme Kani Shwebo Shwebo Hkamti Budalin Map ID: MIMU764v04 Kani Wetlet Kale Creation Date: 23 October 2017.A4 Budalin Ayadaw Nawnghkio Projection/Datum: Geographic/WGS84 Kanbalu Monywa Ayadaw Wetlet Yinmabin District Madaya Data Sources: MIMU Gangaw District Katha Yinmabin Monywa Base Map: MIMU Monywa Mawlaik Boundaries: MIMReUz/uWaFP !( Yinmabin Sagaing District Patheingyi Pyinoolwin N N Monywa ° Place Name: Ministry of Home Affairs (GAD) Chaung-U Myinmu Sagaing ° 2 Pale 2 2 Salingyi Myinmu .! 2 translated by MIMU Pale Sagaing Sagaing Salingyi Chaung-U Mandalay City .! !( Email: [email protected] Myaung Ngazun Myitnge Shwebo Website: www.themimu.info Tada-U Myaung Tilin Sintgaing Tamu Copyright © Myanmar Information Management Unit Kilometers Intaw 2017. -
Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. in Five
GAZETTEER OF UPPER BURMA AND THE SHAN STATES. IN FIVE VOLUMES. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL PAPERS BY J. GEORGE SCOTT. BARRISTER-AT-LAW, C.I.E., M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., ASSISTED BY J. P. HARDIMAN, I.C.S. PART II.--VOL. III. RANGOON: PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1901. [PART II, VOLS. I, II & III,--PRICE: Rs. 12-0-0=18s.] CONTENTS. VOLUME III. Page. Page. Page. Ralang 1 Sagaing 36 Sa-le-ywe 83 Ralôn or Ralawn ib -- 64 Sa-li ib. Rapum ib -- ib. Sa-lim ib. Ratanapura ib -- 65 Sa-lin ib. Rawa ib. Saga Tingsa 76 -- 84 Rawkwa ib. Sagônwa or Sagong ib. Salin ib. Rawtu or Maika ib. Sa-gu ib. Sa-lin chaung 86 Rawva 2 -- ib. Sa-lin-daung 89 Rawvan ib. Sagun ib -- ib. Raw-ywa ib. Sa-gwe ib. Sa-lin-gan ib. Reshen ib. Sa-gyan ib. Sa-lin-ga-thu ib. Rimpi ib. Sa-gyet ib. Sa-lin-gôn ib. Rimpe ib. Sagyilain or Limkai 77 Sa-lin-gyi ib. Rosshi or Warrshi 3 Sa-gyin ib -- 90 Ruby Mines ib. Sa-gyin North ib. Sallavati ib. Ruibu 32 Sa-gyin South ib. Sa-lun ib. Rumklao ib. a-gyin San-baing ib. Salween ib. Rumshe ib. Sa-gyin-wa ib. Sama 103 Rutong ib. Sa-gyu ib. Sama or Suma ib. Sai Lein ib. Sa-me-gan-gôn ib. Sa-ba-dwin ib. Saileng 78 Sa-meik ib. Sa-ba-hmyaw 33 Saing-byin North ib. Sa-meik-kôn ib. Sa-ban ib. -
Shwebo District Volume A
BURMA GAZETTEER SHWEBO DISTRLCT VOLUME A COMPILED BY Ma. A. WILLIAMSON, I.C.S. SETTLEMENT OFFICER, RANGOON SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERMENT PRINTING AND STATIONERY, RANGOON. LIST OF AGENTS FROM WHOM GOVERNMENT OF BURMA PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN BURMA 1. CITY BOOK CLUB, 98, Phayre Street, Rangoon. 2. PROPRIETOR, THU-DHAMA-WADI PRESS, 55-56, Tees Kai Maung Khine Street, Rangoon. 3. PROPRIETOR, BURMA NEWS AGENCY, 135, Anawrahta Street, Rangoon. 4. MANAGER, UNION PUBLISHING HOUSE, 94, "C" Block, Bogyoke Market, Rangoon. 5. THE SECRETARY, PEOPLE'S LITERATURE COMMITTEE AND HOUSE, 546, Merchant Street, Rangoon. 6. THE BURMA TRANSLATION SOCIETY, 520, Merchant Street, Rangoon. 7. MESSRS. K. BIN HOON & SONS, Nyaunglebin, Pegu District. 8. U Lu GALE, GOVERNMENT LAW BOOK AGENT, 34th Road, Nyaungzindan Quarter, Mandalay. 9. THE NATIONAL BOOK DEPOT AND STATIONERY SUPPLY HOUSE, North Godown, Zegyo, Mandalay. 10. KNOWLEDGE BOOK HOUSE, 130, Bogyoke Street, Rangoon. 11. AVA HOUSE, 232, Sule Pagoda Road, Rangoon. 12. S.K. DEY, BOOK SUPPLIER & NEWS AGENTS (In Strand Hotel), 92, Strand Road, Rangoon. 13. AGAWALL BOOKSHOP, Lanmadaw, Myitkyina. 14- SHWE OU DAUNG STORES, BOOK SELLERS & STATIONERS, No. 267, South Bogyoke Road, Moulmein. 15. U AUNG TIN, YOUTH STATIONERY STORES, Main Road, Thaton. 16. U MAUNG GYI, AUNG BROTHER BOOK STALL, Minmu Road, Monywa. 17. SHWEHINTHA STONES, Bogyoke Road, Lashio, N.S.S. 18. L. C. BARUA, PROPRIETOR, NATIONAL STORES, No. 16-17, Zegyaung Road, Bassein. 19. DAW AYE KYI, No. 42-44 (in Bazaar) Book Stall, Maungmya. 20. DOBAMA U THEIN, PROPRIETOR, DOBAMA BOOK STALL, No. 6, Bogyoke Street, Henzada. 21. SMART AND MOOKRRDUM, NO. 221, Sule Pagoda Road, Rangoon. -
Myanmar-Report-On-Situation-Analysis-Of-Population-And-Development-Reproductive
Report on Situation Analysis of Population and Development, Reproductive Health and Gender in Myanmar July, 2010 Foreword The Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), the Beijing Platform of Action and the Millennium Declaration are international commitments reflecting a common vision of a world free from poverty, illiteracy and HIV/AIDs where all people have information and means to safe and planned reproduction and where women and men enjoy equal rights. Throughout the world, nations strive to fulfill their international obligations and achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). With only five years away from 2015, the target year of achieving ICPD goals and MDGs, Myanmar stands at a crossroads in its endeavour to achieve the Millennium targets. Issued at the 10th anniversary of the Millennium Summit, this situation analysis report provides valuable inputs in reviewing Myanmar’s progress in achieving MDGs. UNFPA has the honour to present a situation analysis of population and development, reproductive health and gender issues in Myanmar. This study, the most comprehensive of its nature to date, serves as a foundation for policy making, strategic planning and programming by Government, NGOs, INGOs, the international community and the UN. The Situation Analysis report has identified the need to strengthen data systems and improve availability and quality of data. A population and housing census should be conducted to obtain comprehensive population and demographic data at the national and sub-national levels. Census data should be disaggregated by age, sex and locality and be gender sensitive to reflect the situation of women and men. -
Administration of Burma
REPORT ON THB Administration of Burma FOR THE YEAR 1929-30 Rangoon Supdt., Govt. Printing and Stationery, Burma 1931 LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. IN BURMA. AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon. BISWAS & Co., 30, Lewis Street. Rangoon. BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH, Rangoon. BURMA BOOK CLUB, LTD., Post Box No. 1068; Rangoon. INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST BOO!! DEPOT, Post Box No. 97!, Rangoor., NEW LIGHT OF BURIIA. PRESS, 26 and 26A, Phayre Street. Rangoon. PROPRIETOR, THU DHAMA \VADI PRESS, 16-80,· Maung I{hine Street, Rangoon. RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon. MAUNG LU GALE. Law Book Depot, 42, Ayo-o-l!ale, Mandalay, MANAGER, CHAPPLE'S BUSINESS COLLEGE, 377, Lower Main Road llloulmein. IN INDIA, BOOK Co., LTD, 414A, College Square, Calcutta. BUTTERWORTH & Co. (India), LTD .. Calcutta. S. K. LAHIRI & Co.. 56, College Street, Calcutta. w. NEWMAN & co., Calcutta, THACKER, SPINK & co.. Calcutta ·and Simla, D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & co., Bomhay, THACKER & Co. LTD., Bombay, CITY BOOK Co., Post Box No. 283, Madras. HIGGINBOTHA!I & Co., llladras. IN EUROPE, The ~ublications are obtainable either direct from the Office of the HIGH COMMISSIONER I<'OR INDIA, General Department, India Office Alclwych, Landon. \V,C.Z, or through any bookseller, Corrigendum. REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1929-30. On page ii, line 10, . of the General Summary and on page 7, line 1, of the Report, for the words" His Excellency the Viceroy", substitute the words " His Excellency the Governor ". G.B.C.P.0.-No. 324, F. D., 8-9-31-570 TABLE OF CONTENTS. REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1929-30, Part !.-General Summary.