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4.1 Ecological Exposure Assessment

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4.1 Ecological Exposure Assessment Cover04-24-03JVM. pdf MichiganMichigan DepartmentDepartment ofof EnvironmentalEnvironmental QualityQuality RemediationRemediation andand RedevelopmentRedevelopment DivisionDivision FinalFinal (Revised)(Revised) BaselineBaseline EcologicalEcological RiskRisk AssessmentAssessment AlliedAllied Paper,Paper, Inc./PortageInc./Portage Creek/Creek/ KalamazooKalamazoo RiverRiver SuperfundSuperfund SiteSite AprilApril 2003 Michigan Department of Environmental QQualualityity Remediation and Redevelopment Division Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/ Kalamazoo River Superfund Site – April 2003 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Remediation and Redevelopment DivisioDivisionn Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/ Kalamazoo River Superfund Site – April 2003 Michigan Department of Environmental QQualualityity Remediation and Redevelopment Division Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/ Kalamazoo River Superfund Site – April 2003 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Remediation and Redevelopment Division Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/ Kalamazoo River Superfund Site – April 2003 MicMichiganhigan Department of Environmental Quality Remediation and Redevelopment Division Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/ Kalamazoo River Superfund Site – April 2003 UNKED STATILS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REaIONS 77 WEST JACKSON E#>ULEVARD CHICAGO, IL -4-3590 August 22,2003 Mr. Paul Bucholtz Remediation aud Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Constitution Hall 525 West Allegan Set Wins, Michigan 48W9-7957 Re: Approval of Fhal (Revjsed) Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Reports Allied PapedPoItagc Creek/Kalamazow River Superfund Site, Michigan De+ Mr. Bucholtz: ha United States EnVironrnental Protection Agcncy @PA) has received the Final (Revised) Human Health Risk Assessment and the Final (Revised) BaselinaEcological Risk Assessment Reports dated April 2003, for the Allied ~a~erkorta~e~ree~~alamazoo River Superfund Site in Michigan. The reports were urspared bv the Michigan Deoartmmt of Envimnrnental Quality. A8 you Gow, our Agency revie&& these kports md-pvid&i comments to your office. -Our - review indicates the final reports incorporate our mutually agread upon changes. Therefoxe, BPA formally approves the Final (Revised) Human Health Risk Assessment and tho Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Reports dated April 2003. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact mu at (3 12) 886-6151. Sincerely, L I RRD-SUPERFUND Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment Allied Paper, Inc. / Portage Creek / Kalamazoo River Superfund Site Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Remediation and Redevelopment Division April 2003 REGULATORY AGENCY NOTICE: The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) was the lead agency for the preparation of the Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment (BERA) for the Kalamazoo River. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has worked jointly with MDEQ in the development of this BERA and concurs with the results and conclusions presented herein. Contents Executive Summary Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Report Objectives............................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Report Organization........................................................................................ 1-2 Section 2 Site Description Section 3 Problem Formulation 3.1 Stressor Identification ...................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Ecological Resources Potentially at Risk ......................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Habitat Descriptions.......................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Impacts to Ecological Resources........................................................ 3-5 3.2.3 Identification of Potential Receptors ................................................. 3-5 3.3 Identification of Endpoints.............................................................................. 3-7 3.3.1 Assessment Endpoints....................................................................... 3-7 3.3.2 Measurement Endpoints.................................................................... 3-9 3.4 Site Conceptual Exposure Model .................................................................... 3-9 3.5 Uncertainties – Problem Formulation ............................................................3-11 Section 4 Analysis Phase 4.1 Ecological Exposure Assessment..................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Exposure Profiles – PCBs................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Exposure Profiles – Nonchemical Stressors ...................................... 4-4 4.1.3 Exposure Scenarios............................................................................ 4-4 4.1.4 Exposure Analysis ............................................................................. 4-8 4.1.5 Food Web/Food Chain Modeling..................................................... 4-9 4.1.6 Uncertainty Evaluation – Exposure Assessment..............................4-25 4.2 Ecological Effects Assessment ........................................................................4-28 4.2.1 Evaluation of Effects Data ................................................................4-28 4.2.2 Stressor-Response Profiles................................................................4-34 4.2.3 Uncertainty Evaluation – Effects Assessment..................................4-35 Section 5 Risk Characterization 5.1 Risks from Chemical Stressors......................................................................... 5-2 5.1.1 Risk from PCBs in Surface Water (direct contact) ............................. 5-2 5.1.2 Risks from PCBs in Streambed Sediment (direct contact)................. 5-3 5.1.3 Risks from PCBs in Floodplain Sediment and Surface Soil (direct contact) ................................................................................... 5-4 5.1.4 Risks from PCBs in Food Items (Ingestion)....................................... 5-5 A Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund Site i Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment K:\Risk Assessments\Revised ERA Report_April_2003\Docs\Contents_Rev102003.doc 5.1.5 Reproductive Risks to Birds (Bird Egg Data).................................... 5-9 5.1.6 Sitewide Summary of Risks..............................................................5-10 5.2 Risks from Nonchemical Stressors .................................................................5-11 5.3 Risk Summary and Ecological Significance....................................................5-12 5.3.1 Risk Summary...................................................................................5-12 5.3.2 Other Supporting Information .........................................................5-13 5.4 Uncertainty Evaluation – Risk Characterization ............................................5-16 5.5 Remediation Issues.........................................................................................5-18 5.5.1 Summary of Recommended Cleanup Values ..................................5-20 Section 6 References Appendices Appendix A Lists of Plant and Animal Species Present or Potentially Present at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site Appendix B Exposure-Related Data for Representative Receptors Appendix C PCB Food Web Model Kalamazoo River Superfund Site Appendix D EPA Region 5 Recommended Avian and Mink PCB Toxicity Reference Values A Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund Site ii Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment K:\Risk Assessments\Revised ERA Report_April_2003\Docs\Contents_Rev102003.doc Figures 2-1 Kalamazoo River Ecological Risk Assessment Study Area 3-1 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic & Terrestrial Media – Upstream Reference Area Near Battle Creek - ABSA 1 and TBSA 11 Study Areas 3-2 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic Media – Morrow Lake Area - ABSAs 2 and 3 Study Areas 3-3 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic Media – Mosel Avenue Area - ABSA 3 and 4 Study Areas 3-4 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic & Terrestrial Media – Upstream of Plainwell Dam - ABSAs 4,5 and TBSAs 8, 9, and 10 Study Areas 3-5 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic & Terrestrial Media Between Otsego City Dam and Plainwell Dam – ABSAs 5,6 and TBSA 10 Study Areas 3-6 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic & Terrestrial Media – Trowbridge Dam Area Upstream to Otsego - ABSAs 7,8 and TBSAs 3 and 5 Study Areas 3-7 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic Media – Lake Allegan - ABSA 9 Study Area 3-8 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic & Terrestrial Media Downstream of Allegan Dam - ABSA 10 and TBSA 1 Study Area 3-9 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic Media – Pottowatamie Marsh Area - ABSA 11 Study Area 3-10 Observed PCB Concentrations in Aquatic & Terrestrial – Portage Creek Area - ABSA 12 Study Area 3-11 Potential Exposure Scenarios - Site Conceptual Model 4-1 U95 Total PCB Concentrations in Fish, SW, and SED 4-2 Primary Pathways for Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms 5-1 Total PCB Concentrations – Thresholds/Criteria API/PC/KR Surface Water 5-2 Total PCB Concentrations – Thresholds – PRGs API/PC/KR Instream
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