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The Tale of the Hagedorn Temperature
Chapter 6 The Tale of the Hagedorn Temperature Johann Rafelski and Torleif Ericson Please note the Erratum to this chapter at the end of the book Abstract We recall the context and impact of Rolf Hagedorn’s discovery of limiting temperature, in effect a melting point of hadrons, and its influence on the physics of strong interactions. 6.1 Particle Production Collisions of particles at very high energies generally result in the production of many secondary particles. When first observed in cosmic-ray interactions, this effect was unexpected for almost everyone,1 but it led to the idea of applying the wide body of knowledge of statistical thermodynamics to multiparticle production processes. Prominent physicists such as Enrico Fermi, Lev Landau, and Isaak Pomeranchuk made pioneering contributions to this approach, but because difficulties soon arose this work did not initially become the mainstream for the study of particle production. However, it was natural for Rolf Hagedorn to turn to the problem. Hagedorn had an unusually diverse educational and research background, which included thermal, solid-state, particle, and nuclear physics. His initial work on statistical particle production led to his prediction, in the 1960s, of particle yields at the highest accelerator energies at the time at CERN’s proton synchrotron. Though there were few clues on how to proceed, he began by making the most of the ‘fireball’ concept, which was then supported by cosmic-ray studies. In this approach, all the energy of the collision was regarded as being contained within a small space- time volume from which particles radiated, as in a burning fireball. -
Strangeness and the Discovery of Quark Gluon
STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004 Decon¯nement of quarks and gluons into a plasma (QGP) at high temperature is a predicted paradigm shifting feature of strong interactions. The production of strange particles in relativistic heavy ion collisions at CERN and BNL con¯rms that a new phase of matter with the expected properties is being formed. I will survey the key theoretical predictions and the related experimental results. Time permitting, I will discuss how the newly gained knowledge leads to the study of the hot nearly matter-antimatter symmetric post quark-gluon Universe. +50% of content is for STUDENTS. BONUS material after 50 transparencies: THE QUARK UNIVERSE Supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-04ER41318 Johann Rafelski Department of Physics University of Arizona TUCSON, AZ, USA 1 J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 2 EXPERIMENTAL HEAVY ION PROGRAM | LHC CERN: LHC opens after 2007 and SPS resumes after 2009 J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 3 ...and at BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: RHIC J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 4 BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY 12:00 o’clock PHOBOS BRAHMS 10:00 o’clock 2:00 o’clock RHIC PHENIX 8:00 o’clock STAR 4:00 o’clock 6:00 o’clock Design Parameters: Beam Energy = 100 GeV/u U-line 9 GeV/u No. -
A4 Standard Format Template
2008 SCHOOL OF PHYSICS Annual Report 4 www.physics.unimelb.edu.au contents/ the university of melbourne 6 the faculty of science 8 THE SCHOOL OF PHYSICS 9 HEAD’S REPORT 10 EXECUTIVE MANAGER’S REPORT 10 SCHOOL GOVERANCE 11 STAFF 12 VISITORS 18 RESEARCH FUNDING 20 RESEARCH SEMINAR SERIES 23 SCHOOL-HOSTED CONFERENCES 28 POSTGRADUATES IN PROGRESS 30 THESES COMPLETIONS 34 GROUP REPORT & PUBLICATIONS - Astrophysics 35 - Experimental Particle Physics (EPP) 39 - Micro-Analytical Research Centre (MARC) 45 Quantum Communications Victoria (QCV) 50 - Optics 51 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science (CXS) 54 - Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics (TCMP) 56 - Theoretical Particle Physics (TPP) 60 postgraduate physics student society (PPSS) 63 priZes & awards 64 outreach programs 66 subJects offered 69 alumni & friends 70 media 72 recruiting organisations 74 more information 75 www.physics.unimelb.edu.au 5 The University of Melbourne The university OF the Melbourne Model undergraduate and graduate education have continued to be a central focus of Melbourne thought and investment at the University. Established in 1853, the University of Melbourne The final strand – knowledge transfer – has long is a public-spirited institution that makes distinctive been practised but not always acknowledged at contributions to society in research, teaching and the University. A commitment to projects based knowledge transfer. on engagement, exchange and partnership with Melbourne’s teaching excellence has been wider constituencies has become a familiar part rewarded two years in a row by grants from of University aspirations. Knowledge transfer is the Commonwealth Government’s Learning about direct, two-way interactions between the and Teaching Performance Fund for Australian University and its external communities, which universities that demonstrate excellence in involve the development, exchange and application undergraduate teaching and learning. -
Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY AFRICAN HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY AFRICAN HISTORY Editor: Paul Tiyambe Zeleza Deputy Editor: Dickson Eyoh First published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group # 2003 Routledge Typeset in Baskerville by Taylor & Francis Books Ltd Indexed by Indexing Specialists (UK) Ltd Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Encyclopedia of twentieth-century African history / edited by Paul Tiyambe Zeleza and Dickson Eyoh Includes bibliographical references and index 1. Africa–History–20th century–Encyclopedias. I. Zeleza, Tiyambe, 1955- II. Eyoh, Dickson, 1954- DT29 .E53 2003 960.3'1'03–dc21 2002031682 ISBN 0–415–23479–4 Contents Editorial team vi How to use this encyclopedia xv List of contributors vii Thematic entry list xvi Introduction xi Entries A–Z 1 Acknowledgments xiv Index 627 v Editorial team General editor Valerie Hoffman University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Paul Tiyambe Zeleza University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Eboe Hutchful Wayne State University, USA Deputy editor Bogumil Jewswiecki Universite´ Laval, Canada Dickson Eyoh University of Toronto, Canada Cheryl Johnson-Odim Columbia College Chicago, USA Associate editors Zine Magubane University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Keletso Atkins University of Minnesota, USA Wunyabari Maloba University of Delaware, USA Bruce J. -
Fall 2019 Newsletter
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NEWSLETTER Purdue Chemical Engineering Hosts Varma Memorial Symposium FALL 2019 CHARLES D. DAVIDSON Excellence Excellence at Scale SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Cost-Effective Excellence at Scale MESSAGE FROM THE HEAD The words “pinnacle of excellence at scale” continue as the hallmark of Chemical Engineering at Purdue. With over 800 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in our School, our major moves and initiatives such as eight consecutive years of frozen tuition and enlistment of 94% of the graduating seniors as AICHE professional members, move the needle—literally and figuratively altering the trajectory of chemical engineering in the nation and the world. In this issue, we honor the memory and legacy of one man–Arvind Varma–who has done more than anyone else in the past 15 years to position Purdue Chemical Engineering to have such an impact. Highlights from the Arvind Varma Memorial Symposium and memorable moments from Arvind’s career are featured on pages 4‑8 of this newsletter. Arvind leaves a great void and will be missed by the entire Purdue Chemical Engineering community. Purdue Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Class of 2019 Graduating Seniors - 139 Sangtae "Sang" Kim Distinguished Professor Number of Women - 55 Jay and Cynthia Ihlenfeld Head of Chemical Engineering Number of Men - 84 Average Starting Salary - $76,934 As Purdue Grows, So Grows Chemical Engineering Enrollment at Purdue University's West Lafayette campus is the highest ever at 44,551 students, with 33,646 undergraduates. The Fall 2019 incoming class numbered 8,056 students, with 4,057 Indiana residents. Based on the high level of academic achievements and preparation, this year's class is Purdue's best to date. -
Birth of the Hagedorn Temperature
CERN Courier December 2014 CERN Courier December 2014 Bookshelf Inside Story about CERN and its latest “biggest” appeal to anyone who has an interest discovery – the Higgs boson. According in understanding the broader world to the preface, this one sets out to tell the view of human endeavour that includes story from a different perspective, by religious faith and science. I hope that it putting at its centre the modern scientists inspires people to take a more open and who are exploring this terra incognita. wide-ranging view of human life. Faithful Birth of the Hagedorn temperature Interviews with a dozen scientists working to Science should be on the bookshelf of at CERN, ranging from the director-general, anyone who is interested to explore this Rolf Heuer, to physicists working on the more comprehensive human experience. experiments, form the main part of the ● Emmanuel Tsesmelis, CERN. The statistical bootstrap thermal physics – not unusual in the particle book. These interviews are interspersed and nuclear context in the early 1970s. He with explanatory texts, and there are also a Books received model and the discovery of remembered our discussions in Frankfurt number of factual chapters about the history a few years later, resuming my education at of physics and especially particle physics, What Makes a Champion! Over Fifty quark–gluon plasma. CERN as if we had never been interrupted. from Galileo to Einstein. Extraordinary Individuals Share Their Looking back to those long sessions in the Does the book achieve what it sets out to Insights winter of 1977/1978, I see a blackboard full do, namely to give basic research a human By Allan Snyder (ed.) of clean, exact equations – and his sign not to face? Yes and no. -
International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering the I
The Ith International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering The Palmer House Hilton Hotel Chicago, Illinois, USA June 6-9, 2004 WELCOME The Organizing Committee extends a warm welcome to all attendees of the 18th International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering (ISCRE 18). These biennial symposia have a rich history that dates back to 1970, with ISCRE 1 held in Washington, DC. Continuing in the tradition, famous for its architectural beauty, cosmopoli- tan character, and the splendor of Lake Michigan, Chicago is the host city this year. The scientific theme for the meeting, “From Molecular to Product and Process Engineering,” emphasizes the emerging paradigm that valuable products and novel processes can be engineered based on an understanding of the molecular level interactions. The meeting program includes a broad range of topics, encompassing both tradi- tional and newer fields within the discipline. The goal is to discuss various approaches for the rational application of reaction engineering principles to solve important technological problems facing society. While participating in the social and technical programs of ISCRE 18, enjoy your stay in Chicago! ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Arvind Varma, Purdue University, ISCRE 18 Chair Bala Subramaniam, University of Kansas, ISCRE 18 Co-Chair Kurt Vanden Bussche, UOP LLC, ISCRE 18 Co-Chair SYMPOSIUM SECRETARIAT Ketkesy Sanavongsay, UOP LLC SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Alexis T. Bell, University of California at Berkeley Dan Luss, University of Houston Linda Broadbelt, Northwestern University R. A. Mashelkar, Council of Scientific and Industrial Milorad P. Dudukovic, Washington University, St. Louis Research, India Gerhart Eigenberger, University of Stuttgart, Germany Massimo Morbidelli, ETH Zurich Robert J. Farrauto, Engelhard Corporation Jacob A. -
Insights Fall/Winter 2003
College of Engineering University of Notre Dame Volume 29, Number 1 Fall/Winter 2002-03 lthough invisible to the human eye, nano- and microparticles — such as In July Notre Dame created the Environmental Molecular Science Institute (EMSI). Funded by the bacteria, natural organic matter, and mineral aggregates — exist in National Science Foundation and the Department virtually all groundwater systems. More important, they affect the mobility of Energy, the goal of EMSI is to bring engineers of contaminants in the subsurface. According to Jeremy B. Fein, associate and scientists together in order to better under- stand, model, and predict the interaction between professor of civil engineering and geological sciences and director of the newly created A microparticles and heavy metals in the environ- Environmental Molecular Science Institute (EMSI), “We’ve known for a long time that ment. Researchers, centered at the University, will work closely with their counterparts at Argonne, there are nano- and microparticles in the ground, even to great depths under the earth’s Oak Ridge, and Sandia National laboratories and surface. What we’re finding is that these particles interact both with the minerals that DuPont Engineering Technology. These collabora- tive efforts pool expertise from a wide range of make up the geologic matrix and with dissolved contaminants. These interactions can environmental sciences, including aqueous and strongly influence how metals, organic solvents, and other contaminants are distributed organic chemistry, actinide chemistry, environ- mental engineering, hydrology, microbiology and in soil and groundwater aquifers.” geomicrobiology, mineralogy, molecular dynamics While groundwater is generally considered a safe source modeling, physics, and surface chemistry. -
Before Matter As We Know It Emerged, the Universe Was Filled with The
Cambridge University Press 0521385369 - Hadrons and Quark–Gluon Plasma Jean Letessier and Johann Rafelski Frontmatter More information HADRONS AND QUARK–GLUON PLASMA Before matter as we know it emerged, the universe was filled with the primordial state of hadronic matter called quark–gluon plasma. This hot soup of quarks and gluons is effectively an inescapable consequence of our current knowledge about the fundamental hadronic interactions: quantum chromodynamics. This book covers the ongoing search to verify the prediction experimentally and discusses the physical properties of this novel form of matter. It provides an accessible introduction to the recent developments in this interdisciplinary field, covering the basics as well as more advanced material. It begins with an overview of the subject, followed by discussion of experimental methods and results. The second half of the book covers hadronic matter in confined and deconfined form, and strangeness as a signature of the quark–gluon phase. A firm background in quantum mechanics, special relativity, and statistical physics is assumed, as well as some familiarity with particle and nuclear physics. However, the essential introductory elements from these fields are presented as needed. This text is suitable as an introduction for graduate students, as well as pro- viding a valuable reference for researchers already working in this and related fields. JEAN LETESSIER has been CNRS researcher at the University of Paris since 1978. Prior to that he worked at the Institut de Physique Nucleaire, Orsay, where he wrote his thesis on hyperon–nucleon interaction in 1970, under the direction of Professor R. Vinh Mau, and was a teaching assistant at the University of Bordeaux. -
Mass and Heat Transfer: Analysis of Mass Contractors and Heat Exchangers T
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88670-3 - Mass and Heat Transfer: Analysis of Mass Contractors and Heat Exchangers T. W. Fraser Russell, Anne Skaja Robinson and Norman J. Wagner Frontmatter More information MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER This book allows instructors to teach a course on heat and mass transfer that will equip students with the pragmatic, applied skills required by the modern chemical industry. This new approach is a combined presentation of heat and mass transfer, maintaining mathe- matical rigor while keeping mathematical analysis to a minimum. This allows students to develop a strong conceptual understanding and teaches them how to become proficient in engineering analysis of mass contactors and heat exchangers and the transport theory used as a basis for determining how the critical coefficients depend on physical properties and fluid motions. Students will first study the engineering analysis and design of equipment important in experiments and for the processing of material at the commercial scale. The second part of the book presents the fundamentals of transport phenomena relevant to these applications. A complete teaching package includes a comprehensive instructor’s guide, exercises, design case studies, and project assignments. T. W. Fraser Russell is the Allan P. Colburn Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Delaware. Professor Russell is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineering (AIChE). He has been the recipient of several national honors, including the AIChE Chemical Engineering Practice Award. Anne Skaja Robinson is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Uni- versity of Delaware and Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Integra- tive Graduate Education and Research Traineeship program in biotechnology. -
Strangeness, Equilibration, Hadronization
CERN-TH/2001-364 Strangeness, Equilibration, Hadronization Johann Rafelski Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 and CERN-Theory Division, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Abstract. In these remarks I explain the motivation which leads us to consider chemical nonequilibrium processes in flavor equilibration and in statistical hadroniziation of quark–gluon plasma (QGP). Statistical hadronization allowing for chemical non-equilibrium is introduced. The reesults of fits to RHIC-130 results, including multistrange hadrons, are shown to agree only with the model of an exploding QGP fireball. Submitted to: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. Proceedings of Strange Quark Matter 2001, Frankfurt 1. Historical background The topic we discuss today, production of hadrons in statistical hadronization in high energy heavy ion collisions, has been the subject of several diploma and doctor thesis at the University Frankfurt in late 70’s and early 80’s. At the time, in a field void of any experimental result, I competed with a Hungarian hadrochemistry group lead by the chair of this discussion session, Prof. J. Zimanyi. We both passed through natural evolution stages. We were at first considering the equilibrium particle abundances expected to arise when Mr. EquilibriX holds in his hand hot and dense hadron matter fireball, which evaporated these particles. This work was followed by the development of kinetic theory of strangeness production, which was precipitated by the finding of the Budapest group, that light quark interactions were not fast enough to produce strangeness abundantly. We learned to appreciate that the yields of newly produced quarks were not necessarily given by the chemical equilibrium statistical model. -
Arvind Varma of Notre Dame
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 8957–8959 8957 Arvind Varma: Educator, Researcher and Leader It is a distinct pleasure for us to present this Festschrift to funding. In January 2004, he moved to Purdue University as honor Professor Arvind Varma of Purdue University on the the R. Games Slayter Distinguished Professor and Head of occasion of his 60th birthday. the School of Chemical Engineering. Arvind Varma was born on October 13, 1947 in Firozabad, Professor Varma is a distinguished researcher in the field India. This city, near Agra where the Taj Mahal is located, of chemical reaction engineering for more than 35 years. His is famous for its long-established glass industry, particularly contributions include original research publications, author- glass bangles. He received his B.S. degree in Chemical ship of textbook and monographs, editorship of a book series, Engineering from Panjab University in 1966 and his M.S. and professional activities. Through creative experimental degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of New and theoretical research, Arvind Varma has made pioneering Brunswick, Canada in 1968. He then went to the University contributions to the understanding, analysis and design of of Minnesota where, in 1972, he completed his Ph.D., under chemical and catalytic reacting systems, and synthesis of the mentorship of the legendary Professor Neal Amundson. advanced materials, with desired composition and properties While at Minnesota, he also developed a strong friendship achieved by microstructural control. In these areas, he has with Professor Rutherford Aris, another pioneer in the field authored or co-authored 258 archival journal articles, as well of chemical reactor theory.