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Macailpein, Tòmas (2017) Cultar Agus an Comann-Sòisealta Ann an Ìle, Mu 1890 Gu 1960

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Macailpein, Tòmas (2017) Cultar Agus an Comann-Sòisealta Ann an Ìle, Mu 1890 Gu 1960 MacAilpein, Tòmas (2017) Cultar agus an comann-sòisealta ann an Ìle, mu 1890 gu 1960. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8257/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Cultar agus an comann-sòisealta ann an Ìle, mu 1890 gu 1960 Tòmas MacAilpein air a chur a-steach mar riarachadh airson feumalachdan ceum Ph.D. Sgoil nan Daonnachdan Oilthigh Ghlaschu An t-Ògmhios 2017 Tòmas MacAilpein Geàrr-chunntas Tha an tràchdas seo na eachdraidh chultarach air Ìle, eilean ann an ceann an iar-dheas na Gàidhealtachd, le cuideam air 1890 gu 1960. Tha e ag amas air cultar Gàidhlig nan Ìleach a chur na cho-theacs sòisealta, le bhith a’ beachdachadh air an t-suidheachadh anns an nochdadh cuid de na gnèithean cultarach a bu chudromaiche, agus air na daoine a bha an sàs ann a bhith gan cumail suas. Tha e airson an dàimh eadar cultar agus an comann-sòisealta nas fharsainge a sgrùdadh, le a bhith a’ smaoineachadh air cultar mar dhòigh air coimhead air an t-saoghal, agus mar phàirt bhunaiteach den t-saoghal sin. Tha obair a’ Mharxaich Eadailtich, Antonio Gramsci, a’ toirt buaidh mhòr air an rannsachadh, agus ’s ann air ceistean a thaobh cumhachd, clas agus gnè a thathas gu tric a’ cnuasachadh. ’S e prìomh amas na h-obrach atharrachadh taobh a-staigh a’ chultair a thuigsinn anns an àm- sgrùdaidh shònraichte seo, nuair a b’ urrainnear fhathast bruidhinn air ‘coimhearsnachd Ghàidhlig’ ach far an robh a’ Bheurla a’ sìor fhaighinn làmh an uachdair. ’S ann air trì prìomh chuspairean a tha an rannsachadh: beul-aithris, bàrdachd agus creideamh. Tha caibideil air cruinneachadh beul-aithris Eachainn MhicGillEathain agus Iain Òg Ìle (1859-1862) rud beag ron phrìomh àm- sgrùdaidh, agus tha seo a’ coimhead air obair a’ chruinneachaidh fhèin, àite nan seann sgeulachdan ann an Ìle, agus air na sgeulaichean Ìleach. Thathas an uair sin a’ gluasad gu cruinneachadh beul-aithris Elizabeth Kerr a bha stèidhichte ann am Port Sioba, san Roinn Ìlich, eadar mu 1893 agus 1910, agus a’ sireadh fiosrachadh air cuimse eadar-dhealaichte a’ chruinneachaidh seo agus na tha toraidhean na beul-aithris ag innse mun chomann-shòisealta. Anns a’ chaibideil air bàrdachd san 20mh linn, thathas a’ faighinn a-mach mun cheathrar bhàrd mu dheireadh a bha foillsichte, air na bha aca ann an cumantas agus àite romansachais agus impirileis nan cuid obrach. Às dèidh seo, tha caibideil air òrain anns na clàraidhean-fuaim Ìleach a rinn Sgoil Eòlais na h-Alba eadar 1953 agus 1969. Thathas a’ beachdachadh air na fiosraichean, air na seòrsaichean òran a bha rim faotainn – agus nach robh – agus làthaireachd òrain nam bàrd Ìleach foillisichte. Bithear cuideachd a’ toirt cunntas air buaidh mhòr a’ Chomuinn Ghàidhealaich anns an eilean. Mu dheireadh, anns a’ chaibideil air creideamh tha ceist oirnn mu dè cho eadar-dhealaichte ’s a bha suidheachadh a’ chreideimh ann an Ìle an taca ri ceàrnaidhean Gàidhealach eile, thathas a’ cleachdadh staitistig airson obrachadh a-mach dè cho cudromach ’s a bha gach buidheann-eaglais, a bharrachd air fianais beul-eachdraidh airson smaoineachadh air àite a’ chreideimh ann am beatha dhaoine. 1 Tòmas MacAilpein Buidheachas Feumaidh mi taing mhòr dhà-rìribh a thoirt do na stiùirichean agam, Sheila Kidd agus Màrtainn MacGriogair. Bhon fhìor thoiseach, tha iad air mo shìor bhrosnachadh agus foighidinn gun abhsadh a shealltainn dhomh. Agus mo bhuidheachas cuideachd do Michel Byrne agus Rob Dunbar airson an comhairle thuigseach. Cha b’ urrainn dhomh a bhith air fianais dheatamach a thrusadh mura b’ e cuideachadh nan daoine a leanas: Caroline Milligan ann an Sgoil-Eòlais na h-Alba; Anna Nic a’ Ghoill agus Neil Woodrow aig Ionad Chaluim Chille Ìle; luchd-obrach Taigh-tasgaidh Ìle; a thuilleadh air luchd-obrach Leabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba. Fhuair mi sgoilearachd fhialaidh bho Urras Charnegie a thug an cothrom dhomh an rannsachadh seo a dhèanamh. Tha mo chompanach, Beth, air taic a chur rium air gach ceum is cnap-starra air an t-slighe. ’S ann do na h-Ìlich ris an do bhruidhinn mi a tha an obair seo. Bha e na thlachd agus na urram coinneachadh riubh. 2 Tòmas MacAilpein Clàr-innse Geàrr-chunntas ..................................................................................................................................................................................1 Buidheachas........................................................................................................................................................................................2 Liosta Chlàran is eile ........................................................................................................................................................................5 Facal-toisich........................................................................................................................................................................................7 Làimhseachadh a’ chrìonaidh .........................................................................................................................................................8 Ìle ann an 1891 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Carson Ìle? .................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Litreachas air Ìle ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Cultar agus cultar na Gàidhlig ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 Gramsci air a’ Ghàidhealtachd .................................................................................................................................................... 24 Amasan an tràchdais .................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Structar an tràchdais ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Dòighean-obrach .......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Caibideil a h-Aon: Cruinneachadh beul-aithris Eachainn MhicGillEathain agus Iain Òg Ìle, mu 1859-1862 .............. 31 1.1. Prìomh chruinnichean ................................................................................................................................................. 31 1.2. Luchd-cruinneachaidh eile ......................................................................................................................................... 33 1.3. Obair a’ chruinneachaidh............................................................................................................................................ 35 1.4. Na sgeulaichean .......................................................................................................................................................... 38 1.5. Co-dhùnadh .................................................................................................................................................................. 47 Caibideil a Dhà: Cruinneachadh beul-aithris Elizabeth Kerr agus Robert Craig Maclagan, c. 1893-1910 .................. 52 2.1. Obair a’ chruinneachaidh............................................................................................................................................. 53 2.2. Breithneachadh sòisealta ............................................................................................................................................. 55 2.3. Susbaint a’ chruinneachaidh ........................................................................................................................................ 58 2.4. Co-dhùnadh .................................................................................................................................................................. 70 Caibideil a Trì: Bàrdachd fhoillsichte nan Ìleach san 20mh linn .......................................................................................... 76 3.1. Beatha nam bàrd ........................................................................................................................................................... 76 3.2. Romansachas ................................................................................................................................................................ 82 3.2.1. A’ mìneachadh romansachas ann am bàrdachd Ghàidhlig ................................................................................
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