Landforms, Geology. and Soils of the MOFEP Study Area

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65211. 65211.

form, form,

2 2 Resources, Resources,

ultimately ultimately

3 3

and and

tion, tion,

sources, sources, tions tions

Missouri Missouri integrating integrating

tially tially

ogy, ogy,

In In nutrients, nutrients,

Landforms, Landforms,

soils soils

(MOFEP). (MOFEP).

1 1

56 56

Ecologist, Ecologist,

Postdoctorate Postdoctorate

Soil Soil

thorough thorough

this this

responses responses

and and

P.O. P.O.

largely largely

affecting affecting

and and

Scientist, Scientist,

geological, geological,

paper, paper,

University University

soils soils

Ozark Ozark

Box Box

their their

and and

influences influences

results results

Sullivan, Sullivan,

Missouri Missouri

understanding understanding

geological geological

control control

we we

is is

vides vides

refining refining

potential potential

Detailed Detailed

180, 180, greater greater

mesic mesic

in in Hills Hills

vegetation vegetation

hills; hills;

Hills Hills

Abstract.-We Abstract.-We

primarily primarily

lands, lands,

primarily primarily

Subsection Subsection

an an to to

the the

plant plant

Ecosystem Ecosystem

characteristics characteristics

tion. tion.

sunlight sunlight

to to

responses responses

fellow, fellow,

Missouri Missouri

Forest Forest

critical critical

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the the

MOFEP MOFEP

summarize summarize

cultural cultural

assemblage assemblage

MOFEP MOFEP

of of

Jefferson Jefferson

of of

Landforms, Landforms,

Subsection Subsection

(Hills) (Hills)

the the

oak-hickory oak-hickory

a a

and and

vegetation vegetation

Department Department

MO MO

Current-Black Current-Black

soil soil

many many

oak oak

plant plant

means means

Missouri, Missouri,

relief, relief,

parent parent

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Ecosystem Ecosystem

ecologicallandtype ecologicallandtype

landform, landform,

in in

distribution distribution

treatment treatment

for for

in in

of of

animal animal

Department Department

consists consists

experimental experimental

characteristics characteristics

savanna, savanna,

63080. 63080.

Dennis Dennis

Project Project

to to

Landtype Landtype

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the the

sites sites

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loess, loess,

of of

interpreting interpreting

and and

studies studies

more more

land land

the the

important important

for for

City, City,

summarize summarize

landforms, landforms,

materials, materials,

of of

that that

of of

landscape. landscape.

encompasses encompasses

and and

animal animal

and and

Columbia, Columbia,

Natural Natural

nearly nearly

distributions distributions

Geology. Geology.

and and

(1) (1)

Ozark Ozark

hillslope hillslope

of of

(MOFEP) (MOFEP)

management. management.

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geology, geology,

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of of

response response

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affect affect

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River River

glade-savanna glade-savanna

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that that

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oak-pine oak-pine

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the the

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level level

distribu

65102. 65102.

land

and and

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poten

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deeply deeply

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vegetation vegetation

or or

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(LTA's). (LTA's).

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Section. Section.

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between between

in in

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context context associations, associations,

and and

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is is these these

cation cation

scale scale callandtype callandtype

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attributes attributes

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complexes complexes

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landform, landform,

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of of

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, ,

environmental environmental

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oak-pine oak-pine

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subregions subregions

among among

the the

and and

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Missouri Missouri

of of

affect affect

attributes attributes

the the rolling rolling

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Service Service

and and

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or or

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plants plants

MOFEP MOFEP

the the

levels" levels"

soil soil

USDA USDA

important important

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the the

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geology, geology,

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for for

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Ozark Ozark

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plateaus plateaus

in in

to to

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Soils Soils

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System System

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The The

Ozark Ozark

1993). 1993).

units. units.

and and

observed observed

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of of

steeply steeply

table table

provide provide

varies, varies,

in in

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the the

key key

nature nature

study study

MOFEP MOFEP

Study Study

used used

characteristics characteristics

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surface surface

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the the

are are

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based based

and and

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animals animals

sites, sites,

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and and

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roles roles

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3 3

1. 1.

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Service Service

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soil soil

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framework framework

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framework framework

soils soils

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each each

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57 57

(222A) (222A)

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eastern eastern

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to to

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landforms landforms

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or or

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types types

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including including

to to

loess loess

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rhyolite, rhyolite,

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shallow shallow

temnerature temnerature

highest highest

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around around

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sandstone, sandstone,

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and and

gravelly gravelly

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soils soils

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patterns patterns

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Soils Soils

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1993) 1993)

thin thin

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150m). 150m).

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lifeform lifeform

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stratigraphy stratigraphy

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(300m). (300m).

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1975). 1975).

or or

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ft ft

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1995). 1995).

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1997). 1997).

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1994). 1994).

1997). 1997).

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text text

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Scale Scale

LAND LAND

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ECOREGION ECOREGION Table Table

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58 58

Figure Figure

B. B.

Landtype Landtype

1.-MOFEP 1.-MOFEP

A. A.

Ozark Ozark

Associations Associations

q. q.

j. j.

p. p.

n. n.

o. o.

I. I. m. m.

g. g.

i. i.

f. f. k. k.

d. d. h. h.

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Black Black

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Missouri Missouri

Mississippi Mississippi

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Springfield Springfield

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study study

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0 0

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miles miles

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30 30

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units. units.

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40 40

Subsection Subsection

V. V.

IV. IV.

II. II.

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I. I.

Current Current

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59 59

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140 140

component component

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Eleven Eleven

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1995), 1995),

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dominated dominated

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that that

and and

to to

Ultisols Ultisols

narrow, narrow,

of of

Hills Hills

and and

of of

Section Section

on on

in in

High, High,

is is

glades. glades.

River River

ranges ranges

soils soils

occurs occurs

Ozarks. Ozarks.

sideslopes. sideslopes.

study study

woodlands, woodlands,

Point, Point,

from from

more more

have have rivers. rivers.

subsections subsections

way way

and and

weathered weathered

soils soils

occur occur

oak-hickory oak-hickory

fragipans, fragipans,

subsections subsections

soils, soils,

Most Most

and and

soils soils

dissected dissected

variations variations

relatively relatively

River River

encompasses encompasses

originally originally

Gasconade Gasconade

steeper, steeper,

and and

relief relief

of of

Bedrock Bedrock

the the

many many

studied. studied.

knobs knobs

Quaternary Quaternary

A A

Valley. Valley.

give give

hardwood hardwood

hilly hilly

sediments. sediments.

on on

with with

common common

130m). 130m).

Current Current

Eleven Eleven

flatter, flatter,

alluvium. alluvium.

in in

weathered weathered

or or MOFEP MOFEP

region region

of of

Missouri Missouri

sandstone sandstone

vegetation vegetation

Highlands Highlands

deeply deeply

and and

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adjacent adjacent

were were

dolomite dolomite

to to

the the

Local Local

contain contain

steeply steeply

on on

prairie, prairie,

along along

the the

in in

stratigraphy stratigraphy

River River

forests forests

the the

mainly mainly

The The

were were

sideslopes sideslopes

of of

ridges ridges Current Current

ecological ecological

lands. lands.

materials, materials,

and and

to to

formations formations

of of

(50 (50

Rivers. Rivers.

mainly mainly

upland upland

weathered weathered

igneous igneous

in in

layers layers

deeply deeply

cherty cherty

subsection subsection

hillslope hillslope

subsection. subsection.

17 17

1). 1).

Ozarks Ozarks

residuum. residuum.

natural natural

Current, Current,

eastern eastern

pine pine

common common

alluvium. alluvium.

typical typical

interspersed interspersed

bedrock, bedrock,

inventoried inventoried

Quaternary Quaternary

and and

Soils Soils

with with

mantled mantled

common common

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brian brian Potosi Potosi

Roubidoux Roubidoux

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400ft 400ft

sloping sloping

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(fig. (fig.

rolling rolling

center center

parent parent

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prairies prairies

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consists consists

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woodlands woodlands bluestem bluestem

valleys valleys

leaf leaf

are are

highly highly and and The The

60 60

• •

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within within

management. management.

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landform") landform")

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landforms landforms

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Third, Third,

phases. phases.

landform landform

resulted resulted

detailed detailed

was was scriptions, scriptions,

detailed detailed

soil soil

Cooperative Cooperative

a a soil soil

A A

and and

framework framework

systematically systematically

niques niques

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project project

response. response.

physical physical

understanding understanding

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1994. 1994.

patterns patterns

mapping mapping cal cal

LTA's-

Current-Eleven Current-Eleven

richer richer

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River River

mately mately

materials. materials. sional sional

tions tions

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local local

CHARACTERIZING CHARACTERIZING

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AND AND

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scale scale

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characteristics characteristics

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shortleaf shortleaf

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soil soil

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Taxonomy Taxonomy

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up up

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------

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effort effort

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potential potential

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ft ft

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of of

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Mapping

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map map

delineate delineate

1975), 1975),

oak, oak,

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the the

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soil soil

Gasconade Gasconade

the the

site site

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in in

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m). m).

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National National

as as properties properties

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mainly mainly

prep.). prep.).

GEOLOGY, GEOLOGY,

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tech

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ment ment of of

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Missouri Missouri

excavations excavations

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graphs graphs

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1:12,000 1:12,000

1997). 1997).

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12 12

Landforms, Landforms,

samples samples

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photographic photographic

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neutral. neutral.

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small small

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accumulate accumulate

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Study Study

and and

made made

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table table

sampled sampled

was was

mineralogical mineralogical

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material material

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at at

I I

1975), 1975),

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development. development.

water water

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or or

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University University

shoulder shoulder

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carbon carbon

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map map

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648 648 for for

of of

61 61

chert chert

thick thick

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of of

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ter

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cherty cherty

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(fig. (fig.

yield yield

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occur occur

Medium Medium

dolomite dolomite

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5-15' 5-15'

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percentages percentages

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Interbedded Interbedded

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dolomite dolomite Description Description

silicified silicified

geologic geologic

of of

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Lower Lower

formations, formations,

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Roubidoux Roubidoux

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Strata Strata

---

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DOLOMITE DOLOMITE

EMINENCE EMINENCE

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ROUBIDOU~J~~~~~ ROUBIDOU~J~~~~~

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CASCONADE CASCONADE

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GASCONADE GASCONADE

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Figure Figure

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formation. formation.

sandstone sandstone

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8-20 8-20

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Table Table

Backslope- Alluvial Alluvial

~M@~E~------

Figure Figure

62 62

(VanBuren) (VanBuren)

Lower Lower

Upper Upper

Roubidoux Roubidoux

GEOLOGY GEOLOGY

Gasconade Gasconade

3.-Integrated 3.-Integrated

LANDFORM LANDFORM

Backslopes Backslopes

Shoulder Shoulder

Backslopes Backslopes

Benches Benches

Backslopes Backslopes

Ridges Ridges

Reef) Reef)

Shoulder Shoulder

Shoulder/Shoulder Shoulder/Shoulder

Summits Summits

Backslopes Backslopes

Summits Summits Ridges Ridges

Shoulder/Shoulder Shoulder/Shoulder

Summits Summits

(Cryp (Cryp

Ridges Ridges

Soil Soil

Current-Black Current-Black

Map Map

Deep Deep

low low

Deep Deep

Very Very Shallow Shallow

Shallow Shallow

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SOIL SOIL

high high

Units Units

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base base

drained; drained;

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base base

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CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS

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soils, soils,

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MOFEP MOFEP

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26"; 26";

26"; 26"; outcrop. outcrop.

loamy-skeletal/clayey loamy-skeletal/clayey

loamy-skeletal; loamy-skeletal;

(Meinert (Meinert

moderately moderately

at at

low low

moderately moderately

high high

Forest Forest

high high

20 20

well well

on on

fragipan; fragipan;

base base

to to

base base

lower lower

40"; 40";

to to to to

saturation. saturation.

well well

1997). 1997).

saturation; saturation; saturation; saturation;

well well

moderately moderately

Breaks Breaks

side side

moderately moderately

low low

drained; drained;

to to

drained; drained;

to to

slopes; slopes;

and and

base base

well well

loamy loamy

>50% >50%

saturation. saturation.

drained; drained;

well well

drained; drained;

very very

fine-loamy; fine-loamy;

LTA LTA

well well

drained; drained;

skeletal; skeletal;

rock rock

fine; fine; fine; fine;

drained; drained;

to to

outcrop. outcrop.

MAP MAP

S2F S2F

72C, 72C,

SlF SlF

71D 71D 71F 71F

S2D S2D

SOF SOF

SID SID

63F 63F

SOC SOC

61C 61C

SOD SOD

63D 63D

61C 61C

63C 63C

UNIT UNIT 72D 72D

63 63

UNIT UNIT

18 18

15 15

31 31

42D 42D

27 27

45D 45D

75F 75F

74F 74F

70F 70F

41D 41D

74D 74D

70D 70D

75D 75D

89C 89C

73D 73D

73C 73C

89D 89D

MAP MAP

outcrop. outcrop.

saturation. saturation.

base base

drained; drained;

drained, drained,

skeletal; skeletal;

rock rock

base base

well well

outcrop. outcrop.

and and

saturation. saturation.

medium medium

50% 50%

loamy loamy

coarse-loamy; coarse-loamy;

to to

saturation. saturation.

to to

rock rock

base base

coarse-loamy; coarse-loamy;

outcrop. outcrop.

medium medium

0 0

and and

saturation. saturation.

I I

low low

fine-loamy; fine-loamy;

to to

base base

and and

rock rock

saturation; saturation;

moderately moderately

>50% >50%

base base

low low

LTA LTA

medium medium

base base

40"; 40";

to to

drained; drained;

>50% >50%

medium medium

bases; bases;

saturation; saturation;

to to

loamy-skeletal; loamy-skeletal;

to to

low low

high high

medium medium

Hills Hills

well well

20 20

skeletal/clayey skeletal/clayey

loamy-skeletal/clayey loamy-skeletal/clayey

high high

base base

loamy-skeletal; loamy-skeletal;

bases; bases;

at at

low low

loamy-skeletal loamy-skeletal

fine-loamy; fine-loamy;

and and

fine; fine;

to to

drained; drained;

loamy loamy

high high

loamy loamy

high high

very very

drained; drained;

River River

skeletal; skeletal;

drained; drained;

drained drained

fine; fine;

drained; drained;

fine; fine;

fragipans fragipans

saturation. saturation.

well well

loamy-skeletal; loamy-skeletal;

drained; drained;

fine-loamy fine-loamy

well well

very very

loamy loamy

very very

base base

drained; drained;

excessively excessively

saturation. saturation.

Point Point

well well

base base

drained; drained;

saturation. saturation.

intermittent fragipans intermittent

saturation. saturation.

intermittent intermittent

drained; drained;

moderately moderately

loamy-skeletal/clayey; loamy-skeletal/clayey;

moderately moderately

medium medium

soils; soils;

high high

well well

excessively excessively

well well

somewhat somewhat

soils; soils;

moderately moderately

to to

base base

outcrops. outcrops.

base base

with with

base base

well well

and and

well well

to to

deep deep

deep; deep;

low low

high high

deep deep

high high

rock rock

soils; soils;

soils; soils; soils; soils;

soils; soils;

soil; soil;

soils; soils;

soils soils

low low

saturation. saturation.

to to

soils; soils;

to to

deep deep very

very very

CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS

medium medium

skeletal skeletal

to to

50% 50%

deep deep

to to

base base

to to

0 0

Current-Eleven Current-Eleven

I I

low low

Very Very

Very Very Very Very

low low

Shallow Shallow Very Very

Deep Deep

Very Very

Very Very Shallow Shallow

Shallow Shallow

saturation. saturation.

medium medium

loamy loamy

Shallow Shallow

Deep Deep

Very Very

medium medium

fine-loamy; fine-loamy;

Deep Deep

SOIL SOIL

Deep Deep

very-fine; very-fine;

Ridges Ridges

Fans Fans

Drainage Drainage

opes opes

Terraces Terraces

Footslopes Footslopes

Floodplains Floodplains

Alluvial Alluvial

Upland Upland

Backslopes Backslopes Strath Strath

Shoulder Shoulder

Backs! Backs!

Terraces Terraces

Shoulder Shoulder

Benches Benches

LANDFORM LANDFORM

Shoulder Shoulder

~------~----~~--~------~--~--~------

3.-Continued 3.-Continued

Sediments Sediments

Hillslope Hillslope

Alluvium Alluvium

Eminence/ Eminence/

Gunter Gunter

GEOLOGY GEOLOGY

(Continued) (Continued) Lower Lower

Gasconade Gasconade Figure Figure ._ ,..,.. M©IFJEIP ------the other strata. Residuum from dolomites in frequent fragipans. Alluvial soils on upland these formations is chert-free compared to the drainages, terraces, and floodplains are deep, other strata. Residuum from dolomites in these coarse-textured, and have medium base satura formations is clayey, but the depth to clay and tion (fig. 3). clay mineralogy vary with parent material and landform. Patterns in Landform, Geology, and SoU of Landtype Associations and MOFEP Sites Strata within these formations also affect landform shape or occurrence in the MOFEP As pointed out earlier, MOFEP sites occur study region. Midslope structural benches in within two distinct Landtype Associations the Current-Black River Breaks LTA occur (LTA's): the Current-Black River Breaks LTA primarily on the Gunter sandstone member of (sites 1-6, and 9) and the Current-Eleven Point the Lower Gasconade formation. Gunter sand River Hills LTA (sites 7 and 8). Soil mapping stones are more resistant to weathering than efforts revealed distinctive pattems in landform, the surrounding strata. The C:ryptozoan reef geology, and soils between these LTA's and chert bed of the Upper Gasconade formation consequently, between MOFEP sites. These controls the occurrence of structural benches pattems are illustrated in figure 3 and are when located in mid slope and low slope posi summarized below. tions, and it controls the elevation of summits and ridges when located in high slope positions. MOFEP sites 1-6, and 9 are in the Current Sinkholes are most common in the Roubidoux Black River Breaks LTA. This LTA is character formation and form as underlying Upper Gas ized by down cutting into bedrock, largely due conade dolomites partially dissolve and col to proximity to the Current River. Local relief is lapse. 300 to 450ft (90 to 140m). The Roubidoux formation is restricted to the highest summits, The landforms and geologic strata used to ridges, and backslopes; the Upper and Lower hierarchically and systematically stratify the Gasconade formations make up most of the landscape, as well as important soil characteris backslopes; and the Eminence formation mate tics and map units, are summarized in figure 3. rials commonly make up the lower backslope. Forty-three map units were developed for the Quatemacy loess deposits are confmed mainly MOFEP study area, but only common units are to isolated summits or broad benches. Narrow, illustrated in figure 3. There was considerable undulating ridges, steep backslopes, and nar variation in soil depths, fragipan occurrence, row sinuous valleys are typical of landforms in drainage class, soil family level classification, the Current-Black River Breaks LTA. In addi base saturation, and degree of rock outcropping tion, structural benches supported by the within each geo-landform. Several soil map Gunter sandstone are common in midslope units within each geo-landform were created to positions. Relatively narrow, alluvial flood accommodate some of this variation (fig. 3). plains have Quatemacy alluvial deposits, However, considerable soil variation occurs consisting of gravel, sand, and to a lesser degree within soil map units and is described in the silts. While water-losing stretches of stream are soil mapping report (Meinert 1997). common in the Roubidoux and Upper Gascon ade stream reaches, water-gaining streams are Despite the degree of variation in soil proper common in the Lower Gasconade and Eminence ties, some meaningful generalizations can be materials. drawn. Soils of Roubidoux and Upper Gascon ade summits, shoulders, and backslopes are Deep, loamy-skeletal soils with low base satura typically very deep cherty silt loams with few tion (fig. 3; map units 63,80) formed in rock outcrops, intermittent fragipans, and low Roubidoux and Upper Gasconade residual base saturation; many of these soils are classi materials dominate the ridges and upper fied as Ultisols. In contrast, while soils of Lower backslopes in the Current-Black River Breaks Gasconade and Eminence shoulder ridges, LTA. Higher base saturation soils (Alfisols), backslopes, and benches are mainly deep, they with clays nearer the surface (fig. 3; map units have higher base saturation, more variable in 82,89, 75) are associated with the Lower Gas depths, and many rock outcrops. Most soils in conade and Eminence landforms. Variable these geo-landforms are classified as Alfisols. depth, relatively shallow soils with bedrock Flat summit and bench landforms often have outcrops (fig. 3; map units 70,71,74,81) occur deep soils with a silty surface horizon and frequently within the Current-Black River 64 Breaks LTA, especially in association with the Some of these relationships are described in Lower Gasconade and Eminence formations. other papers in this volume (Kabrick et a1.. The Gunter bench has mainly deep, high base 1997, Grabner et a1.. 1997). Others are being saturation soils just below the backslope (fig. 3; further investigated by the Ecological Classifica map unit 89) and deep, highly weathered, low tion System Project (Nigh and Amelon 1995). base saturation soils formed in loess and Current observations indicate that mixed oak residuum on its broader, flatter positions (fig. 3; pine forests are most prevalent on the deep, map unit 73). Footslopes, terraces, and bot ultic soils in both LTA's. Shortleafpine occurs toms commonly have very deep, colluvial and in mixtures primarily with scarlet oak (Quercus alluvial soils with texture, drainage, and base coccinea) and black oak (Q. velutina) on these saturation varying with parent material (fig. 3; sites. Huckleberry (Vaccinium stamineum) is a map units 42,45,15,27,18,31,41). common associate of these forests. While the current presence of pine is variable, old pine Sites 7 and 8 occur within the Current-Eleven stumps indicate that the species was once Point River Hills LTA, which is characterized by associated with these conditions. Because the more gentle relief (150 to 250ft [45 to 75 m]) deep, ultic soils are strongly associated with and less geologic complexity than the Breaks. landforms in the Roubidoux and Upper Gascon The Roubidoux and Upper Gasconade forma ade materials, this type of mixed oak-pine forest tions make up all of the Hills landscape. Broad, is widespread across sites in the Current-Eleven flat ridges are commonly mantled in Quaternary Point Hills LTA. These site and forest condi loess deposits. Narrower ridges and upper tions appear less widespread on sites in the backslopes are mainly in very deep, highly Current-Black River Breaks, where they occur weathered Roubidoux materials, while middle most often on ridges and exposed upper and lower backslopes are in Upper Gasconade backslopes, and on the Gunter bench. Geo materials. Slopes are more gentle and valley landforms with deep alfic soils appear to have a bottoms are wider and less sinuous than in the lower pine component and more abundant Breaks. The Cryptozoan Reef forms less promi white oak (Q. alba). These conditions are more nent structural benches on the lower slopes or frequent in the Current-Black River Breaks occurs across valley bottoms in this LTA. Most LTA. Soils with variable depth to bedrock stream reaches are water -losing. support glade and savanna complexes on exposed slopes and mixed oak-hardwood forest There are fewer soil map units in the Hills than on protected slopes. Chinkapin oak (Q. in the Breaks. Deep, skeletal, cherty silt loams muehlenbergiij, red oak (Q. rubra), sugar maple confined to the highest parts of the Breaks (map (Acer saccharum), and bitternut hickory (Carya unit 63). make up a majority of the soils in the cordiformis) are more common here and on the Hills. Sandier textures, associated with the more mesic bottomland sites. Again, these Roubidoux formation, occur. Broad summits, variable depth conditions are more prevalent in only rarely found in the Breaks, commonly have the Current-Black River Breaks. a silt cap with deep, loamy, ultic soils and fragipans (fig. 3; map unit 61). Deep, higher Differences within and between these two LTA's base soils (fig. 3; map units 82,89) do occur in help explain some of the variation in the the Gasconade portion of the landscape. Soils baseline MOFEP data. Further analysis of on the Cryptozoan reef benches are very deep, relationships between geology, landform, soil, loamy skeletal with occasional fragipans (fig. 3; and vegetation will lead to the development of a map unit 72). Variable depth soils with fre refined of ecological classification system for the quent bedrock outcrops (fig. 3; map units MOFEP sites and surrounding regions. 71,81) are less common in the Hills LTA, but are associated with the Upper Gasconade DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL formation. LANDTYPES (ELT'S) AND ELT-PHASES FORMOFEP Vegetation Patterns for Landtype Associations and MOFEP Sites Ecologicallandtypes (ELT's) and their phases are the "fmest scale" categories in the ECS Both the Hills and Breaks LTA's are largely heirarchy (table 1). Initial stratification of the forested in oak and oak-pine timber types. The MOFEP sites into ELT's relied on definitions composition and structure vary with landscape developed for Mark 1\vain National Forest lands position and soil-geo-landform environment. (Miller 1981). Table 3lists the ELT's delineated 65 ~ ~OO@W~W------

Table 3.-Initial ELT Definitions onMOFEP. on the MOFEP sites and their definitions. Note that ELT definitions rely on landforms, aspect, ELT Definition soil, and vegetation factors. Using these defini tions, we initially stratified the MOFEP sites into 3 Landform: High Flood Plain, Low Terrace; Aspect: Neutral; Percent Slope: 0-4; 12 ELT's. Because little information on soils or Soil Series: Ashton, Secesh, Huntington, Gladden, Razort, Elk; vegetation of MOFEP sites was available at the Vegetation Community: Mesic bottomland forest time of the initial stratification, ELT delineation was based mainly on landform and aspect. 5 Landform: Upland Waterway; Aspect: Neutral; Figure 4 illustrates the resulting stratification. Percent Slope: 0-4; Soil Series: Midco, Elsah, Cedargap; Vegetation Community: While landform and aspect do describe some of Dry bottomland forest the obvious ecological environments within the MOFEP sites, it is apparent that many impor 6 Landform: Upland Waterway; Aspect: Neutral; tant relationships between landform, geology, Percent Slope: 0-4; soil, and vegetation are not described by this Soil Series: Midco, Elsah, Cedargap; Vegetation Community: Dry-mesic bottomland forest initial stratification.

7 Landform: Toe Slope; Aspect: All; Percent Slope: 0-14; The Missouri Ecological Classification System Soil Series: Clairbome, Peridge, Mindale, Vrraton, Crider; Project (Nigh and Amelon 1995) is currently Vegetation Community: Mesic forest cooperating with MOFEP scientists to further refine ELT level 11 Landform: Ridge; Aspect: Neutral; Percent Slope: 0-8; and phase relationships and Soil Series: Clarksville, Coulstone, Poynor, Doniphan; definitions in the Current River Hills Subsec Vegetation Community: Dry chert forest tion. The project is building upon concepts developed through the MOFEP soil-geo-land 15 Landform: Flat; Aspect: Neutral; Percent Slope: 0-8; form mapping effort. Study areas are being Soil Series: Captina, Macedonia, Doniphan, Viraton; stratified geo-landform aspect, Vegetation Community: Dry chert forest by and and are being used for sampling soils and vegetation 17 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: South and West; Percent and for identifying and testing relationships. Slope: 8-99; The objective of the project is to provide a Soil Series: Clarksville, Coulstone, Poynor, Doniphan, Ocie; rigorously tested set of ELT and ELT-Phase Vegetation Community: Dry chert forest definitions for the subsection by October 1998. 18 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: North and East; Percent Slope: 8-99; REFERENCES Soil Series: Clarksville, Coulstone, Poynor, Doniphan, Ocie; Vegetation Community: Dry-mesic chert forest, Dry-mesic Bailey, R.G. 1980. Descriptions of the sand forest Ecoregions of the United States. Misc. Publ. 19 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: South and West; Percent 1391. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Slope: 8-99; Agriculture. 77 p. Soil Series: Bardley, Opequon, Gatewood; Vegetation Community: Glade savanna Brookshire, B.L.; Jensen, R.; Dey, D.C. 1997. 20 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: North and East; Percent The Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Slope: 8-99; Project: past. present, and future. In: Soil Series: Bardley, Opequon, Gatewood; Brookshire, Brian L.; Shifley, Stephen R., Vegetation Community: Dry mesic limestone forest eds. Proceedings of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project symposium: an 21 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: All; Percent Slope: 5-99; experimental approach to landscape re Soil Series: Gasconade, Rockland; Vegetation Community: Dolomite glade, Limestone glade search; 1997 June 2-5; St. Louis, MO. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-193. St. Paul, MN: U.S. 22 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: All; Percent Slope: 5-99; Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Soil Series: Gasconade, Rockland; North Central Forest Experiment Station: 1- Vegetation Community: Xeric limestone forest 25. 23 Landform: Side Slope; Aspect: All; Percent Slope: 5-99; Soil Series: Gasconade, Rockland; Grabner, J.K.; Larsen, D.R.; Kabrick, J.M. Vegetation Community: Dry limestone forest 1997. An analysis ofMOFEP ground flora: pre-treatment conditions. In: Brookshire, Brian L.; Shifley, Stephen R., eds. Proceed ings of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem

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M.L. M.L.

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GA: GA:

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p. p.

· ·

MOFEP MOFEP

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States: States:

Missouri Missouri

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North North

research; research;

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an an

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Kabrick, Kabrick, Figure Figure /~ ~W@W~~------Nigh, T.A. 1997. Landtype associations of the lower Ozark Region. Draft Map and Descrip tions. Missouri Ecological Classification System Project. Columbia, MO: UMC-School of Natural Resources. 8 p.

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USDA-Forest Service. 1993. Natural hierarchi cal framework of ecological units. Washing ton, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, ECOMPA. 28 p.