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Vertigo, Paradox, and Thorns Epitomic Writing in Virgilius Grammaticus, Solinus, Fulgentius

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Vertigo, Paradox, and Thorns Epitomic Writing in Virgilius Grammaticus, Solinus, Fulgentius Promotor Prof. dr. Marco Formisano Decaan Prof. dr. Gita Deneckere Rector Prof. dr. Rik Van de Walle Dutch translation of the title: “Duizelingen, paradox en doorns. Epitomisch schrijven in Virgilius Grammaticus, Solinus, Fulgentius.” Vertigo, Paradox, and Thorns Epitomic Writing in Virgilius Grammaticus, Solinus, Fulgentius Paolo Felice Sacchi Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Letterkunde 2020 Samenvatting/Summary Deze dissertatie benadert laatantieke epitomes vanuit een literair-theoretisch standpunt; de hermeneutische uitdaging bestaat erin om deze teksten, die gewoonlijk beschouwd worden als afgeleiden of puur functionele teksten, te lezen zonder daarbij te kijken naar de “originele tekst” waarvan ze zijn afgeleid. De dissertatie bestaat uit een inleiding en drie casestudies. In de inleiding zet ik uiteen dat de focus van deze studie niet zal liggen op epitome als een genre of een tekstuele teksttype wat moeilijk te bevatten zou zijn, zo niet methodologisch incorrect), maar wel op wat ik epitomisch schrijven noem. De drie casestudies zijn geselecteerd uit werken waarnaar slechts zelden verwezen wordt als “epitomes”: het onderliggende idee is om de blik van de analyse te verruimen en aan te tonen hoe epitomisch schrijven elke genre-afbakening kan overstijgen. De gekozen werken behoren alle drie tot de late oudheid, hoewel hun troebele chronologie inderdaad beschouwd kan worden als een resultaat van epitomisch schrijven. Virgilius Maro Grammaticus’ Epitomae en Epistolae (7e eeuw N.C.?) zijn absurdistische variaties op het genre van de grammaticale commentaar. Solinus’ Collectanea rerum memorabilium (3e-4e N.C.?) is een beschrijving van de oecumene die bol staat van de wonderlijke monstruositeiten; Fulgentius' Mythologiae zijn een “ongebreidelde”, tenminste naar moderne maatstaven, allegorische interpretatie van Grieks-Romeinse mythes. Bij de lectuur van deze drie laatantieke staaltjes proza gebruik ik concepten zoals tekstuele hechting, ondoorgrondelijkheid, verticaliteit, beweeglijkheid enz. (dit zijn op zich geherinterpreteerde en omzeggens “anamorfotische” versies van enkele populaire kritische concepten zoals nomadisme, trace enz.). Met een close reading van delen van deze werken wil deze dissertatie aantonen hoe “epitomes”, verre van statische literaire producten, bijzonder onstabiel en ongrijpbaar kunnen zijn. Door de zogenaamde “epitomische dimensie” te bestuderen als een bijzondere con-/dis-figuratie van het proces van tekstuele productie, mondt deze analyse bovendien haast onvermijdelijk uit in een problematisering van genealogie, temporaliteit en causaliteit binnen ditzelfde proces. *** The present thesis approaches late antique Latin epitomes from a literary-theoretical point of view; its hermeneutical challenge lies in reading texts traditionally considered as derivative or merely functional by paying scarce or no attention to the correspondent “original texts”. The thesis consists of an introduction and three case-studies. In the vii introduction I make clear that the focus of the dissertation will be oriented not so much on epitome as a genre or textual typology (which would actually be hard to pin down, if not methodologically incorrect), but, rather, on what I dub epitomic writing. The three case-studies are selected among works seldom referred to as “epitomes”: the underlying idea is to broaden the scope of the analysis and to show how epitomic writing can transcend any genre demarcation. All of the three works belong to late antiquity, even though their blurred chronology might be seen, indeed, as result of epitomic writing. Virgilius Maro Grammaticus’ Epitomae and Epistolae (7th c. CE?) are an absurdist variation on the genre of grammatical commentary; Solinus’ Collectanea rerum memorabilium (3rd – 4th c. CE?) is a description of the oikoumene constantly indulging in marvels monstrosities; Fulgentius' Mythologiae are an “unbridled”, at least to modern standards, allegorical interpretation of Graeco-Roman myths. These three samples of late antique prose are read by drawing on such concepts as textual suture, opacity, verticality, motility etc. (themselves a re-interpreted and, so to say, “anamorphic” version of some popular critical concepts such as nomadism, trace etc.). Through a close-reading of parts of these woks, the thesis aims to show how “epitomes”, far from being sclerotic literary products, can be extremely unstable and elusive. Moreover, the analysis ushers almost inevitably into a problematisation of genealogy, temporality, and causality in the process of textual production, by investigating what is here labelled “epitomic dimension” as a peculiar con-/ dis-figuration of this very process. viii Acknowledgments In line with the literary works here discussed, this dissertation was for a long time on the brink of non-existence. More than to myself, it owes its birth to many of the people I’ve been lucky enough to meet in these last four and a half years. My greatest thanks go to my supervisor Marco Formisano for his enthusiasm, intellectual exuberance, unconditional support, and confidence: for his perseverance in believing in what I could not. Profound thanks are due to the members of my Doctoral Advisory Committee, Wim Verbaal, for his unshakable, cheering optimism, and Therese Fuhrer, for her commitment and insightful remarks; all the errors herein are my responsibility alone. I would like to express my gratitude to James I. Porter for the warm welcome he gave me during my stay as Visiting Researcher at UC Berkeley, for his encouragement and stimulating conversations. If I had to mention all the colleagues and friends who surrounded and supported me, the list would be endless. Thanks to Thomas, Stijn, Dinah, Tim (always supportive, even from over the Ocean), Klazina (you showed me the way), my meter Berenice, Julie, Isabelle, Julián, Alessandro, Ruben, Irene, Yasmine, Riccardo, Alessio. A heartfelt thank you to Sarah for cheering me up and teaching me the importance of sprezzatura. Thanks to my distant and yet extremely close friend Claudio – you, too, have always believed in the unbelievable. My warmest thanks go to Olivier and Tine, who did far more than be the most amazing office mates: I knew I could always count on you. (And, more prosaically, thank you Tine for the Dutch samenvatting of this work). I finally owe a debt of immense gratitude to Elena: much more than for proofreading these pages, for your invaluable friendship. And a big thank you to Rebecca Bowen for improving my English. ix Je n’ai fait celle-ci plus longue que parce que je n’ai pas eu le loisir de la faire plus courte. B. Pascal, Lettres provinciales, 16 x Table of Contents Samenvatting/Summary and Acknoledgements ...............................................................vii Table of Contents.............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 1 Reading Severed Heads .................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Deferring the Object: History ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 Deferring the Object: Redemption ................................................................................ 8 2.3 Deferring the Object: Subversion ................................................................................ 11 2.4 Deferring the Object: Unconscious ............................................................................. 13 3 First Steps and Three Words ........................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1 Schwindelliteratur as Vertigo-literature ................................................... 19 1.1 Starting from an Afterword ........................................................................................ 20 1.2 Order and Hierarchy................................................................................................... 26 1.3 Towards…what? ........................................................................................................ 44 1.4 Epitome and Absence................................................................................................. 55 Chapter 2 The Paradox of Movement ....................................................................... 59 2.1 Of Apes and Encyclopaedias ....................................................................................... 59 2.2 Prefaces and Tensions ................................................................................................ 60 2.3 Epitomic Nomadism ................................................................................................... 71 2.4 Veritably Fantastic Beasts .......................................................................................... 81 Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................... 91 Thorns, Marrow, and Meaning ....................................................................................... 91 3.1 Mysticum cerebrum ................................................................................................... 91 3.1.1 Labyrinthus in vacuo (a pre-analysis) ............................................................................................. 91 3.1.2 Frames and Meanders
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