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Xerox University Microfilms 77-2336 AM3LER, Mark Eugene, 1949- the THEORY of LATIN ETYMOLOGIA in the EARLY MIDDLE AGES; from DONATUS to ISIDORE

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Xerox University Microfilms 77-2336 AM3LER, Mark Eugene, 1949- the THEORY of LATIN ETYMOLOGIA in the EARLY MIDDLE AGES; from DONATUS to ISIDORE 3NF0RIVIAT10ISI TO USERS T!;is material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". if it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. 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Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 77-2336 AM3LER, Mark Eugene, 1949- THE THEORY OF LATIN ETYMOLOGIA IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES; FROM DONATUS TO ISIDORE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Literature, medieval Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan48iog @ Copyright by Mark Eugene Amsler 1976 THE THEORY OP LATIN ETYMOLOGIA IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES; FROM DONATUS TO ISIDORE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mark Eugene Amsler, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved By Alan K. Brown Walter Scheps J') Adviser ^ Christian K. Zacher Department of English ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have conspired (often unwittingly) to make the research for and writing of this study much easier than it otherwise might have been. For their care in reading the entire manuscript and for their consolation and sup­ port in a sometimes frustrating project, I would like to thank my adviser, Professor Walter Scheps, and the members of my reading committee, Professors Alan K. Brown and Christian K. Zacher. In addition, I would like to express my appreciation and humility to Professor Brown for his rigorous and valuable scrutiny of the Greek and Latin forms and translations in this work. Any errors which may remain are the result of my carelessness, not Professor Brown's. A research project like this one cannot be undertaken without bibliographic and financial help. In these budget- restricted times, i acknowledge with pleasure the generous assistance of the English Department (and especially its Chairman, Professor John B. Gabel), The Ohio State University Library, and The Ohio State University Graduate School for their assistance in obtaining out-of-the-way or costly materials. I owe a special thanks to Mrs. Jane Ott for her industry and efficiency, under trying circumstances, in typing the final version of this study. ill A version of Chapter Two was read at the International Conference on Medieval Grammar * held at the University of California, Davis (February 19-20, 1976), and at the Medieval Institute’s 1976 Conference, held at Western Michigan Univer­ sity (May 2-5). I thank the participants of the seminars for their stimulating and challenging responses. In par­ ticular, I would like to express my appreciation to Professor D. P. Henry of the University of Manchester for his time and attention to my project. Finally, this dissertation would have been impossible without the encouragement, elbow grease, and intellectual stamina of my wife, Dorothy Ann Amsler. She took time off from her own scholarship to help me with mine. She typed 50 per cent of the manuscript; but more important, she read through, thought through, and argued through the entire study and for that it is so much the better. Iv February 14, 1949 ........ Born - Evansville, Indiana 1971 ..................... B.A., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 1971-76 .......... Teaching Associate, Department of English, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1973-74 ................. Research Associate, Department of English, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1973 .................... M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "A Bibliography of the Writings of Francis Lee Utley," Names, 23 (1975), 130-46. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Medieval Literature Studies in Chaucer : Professor Francis Lee Utley Studies in Old English: Professors Alan K. Brown and Walter Scheps Studies in Medieval Latin: Professor Carl Schlam Studies in Old Norse: Professor Wolfgang Fleischauer TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................ ü i VITA................................................... V ABBREVIATIONS......................................... .viii INTRODUCTION................................... 1 Chapter I. THE GREEK AND ROMAN HERITAGE ................ 7 II. THE PAGAN TRADITION ......................... 43 A. The Technographers: From Donatus to Priscian ..................... 43 B. The Mythographer: Fulgentius ..... 79 III. FROM NOMEN TO NUMEN; SACRED ONOMASTICS AND THE LATIN FATHERS ....................106 A. The Bible: Immanent and Imminent Meaning .................................. 107 B. Logos: Plato, Stoicism, and Christian Etymology ..................... 113 C. Origen and Christo logical Onomastics 118 D. Augustine and the Christian Signum ...... 127 E. Jerome: "In figura Christi sub etymologia" ............. 141 IV. ISIDORE OF SEVILLE AND CHRISTIAN ETYMOLOGIA................................... 171 A. Etymologia: Definitions and Concepts— . 173 B. The Etymological Model ................... 195 ■TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page C. Origines verborum..... 216 D. Origines rerum ..................... 229 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY .......... 253 v i i ABBREVIATIONS In addition to the standard MLA abbreviations (as listed in the MLA Bibliography), the following abbreviations are used throughout: Brehaut, Encyclopedist = Ernest Brehaut, An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of Seville. CCSL = Corpus Christianorum Series Latina. Collart, Varron = Jean Collart, Varron grainmarien latine. Curtius y ELLMA = Ernst R. Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages. Fontaine, Isidore = Jacques Fontaine, Isidore de Seville et la culture classique dans 1*Espagne Wisigothique. Fox = Remegii Autissiodorensis in Artem Donati Minorem Commentum, ed. W. Fox. Helm, Opera = Fulgentius, Opera, ed. Rudolph Helm. KGL = Heinrich Keil, Grammatici Latini. Manitius = Max Manitius, Geschichte der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters. PCD = The Oxford Classical Dictionary. PG = Jacques P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Graeca. PL = Jacques P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Latina. PW = Paulyg-Wissowa Real-Encyclopadie der klassischen Altertumwissenschaft, N. B. RAC = Reallexikon fur Antike und Christentum. Robins, ^ G T = Robert H. Robins, Ancient and Mediaeval Gram­ matical Theory in Europe. Viii Robins, ^ = Robert H. Robins, A Short History of Linguistics. Sandys = John E. Sandys, A History of Classical Scholar­ ship, Vol. 1. Schanz = Martin Schanz, Geschichte der romischen Literatur. Thurot = Charles Thurot, Notices et extraits de divers manuscrits latins pour servir a 1'histoire des doctrines grammaticales au Moyen Age. TLL = Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. Whitbread = Fulgentius the Mythographer, tr. Leslie G. Whitbread. INTRODUCTION Etymologia as a concept (as distinguished from what modems call "etymology") has not attracted much attention from students of classical and medieval grammar or hermen­ eutics. Most discussions of etymologia have been concerned with its use as a rhetorical trope or with the adequacy or absurdity of particular etymologies or with discovering the source for an author's use of an etymology. The few pages which comprise E. R. Curtius' account of "Etymology as a Category of Thought"^ remain the single most compre­ hensive survey of etymologia from the classical period through the end of the Middle Ages. J. E. Sandys' treat­ ment of Greek grammar and etymology and the Greek and Roman uses of etymologia as an interpretive device^ is too diffuse to stand as a coherent discussion of the concept in its epistemological context. More recently, Roswitha Klinck has undertaken a study of Latin etymologia in the Middle Ages, but she focuses almost exclusively on the twelfth century and on what she sees as a distinct shift in the later medieval etymological orientation away from "das tradierte G u t . H i s t o r i a n s of medieval grammatical theory also have been
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