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1. Padil Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Common Name Image 1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Common Name Croton Mussel Scale Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/Pest/Main/142940 Image Library New Zealand Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/ Partners for New Zealand Biosecurity image library Landcare Research — Manaaki Whenua http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ MPI (Ministry for Primary Industries) http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/ 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: New Zealand Arthropod Collection - [email protected] Author: Rhode, B.E. & Crosby, T.K. Citation: Rhode, B.E. & Crosby, T.K. (2013) Croton Mussel Scale(Lepidosaphes tokionis)Updated on 4/10/2014 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0) 2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/Pest/Main/142940 2.3. Facets Commodity Overview: Field Crops and Pastures, Horticulture Commodity Type: Capsicum & Chilli pepper, Citrus produce Distribution: Afrotropic, Australasia, Indo-Malaya, Nearctic, Neotropic, Palearctic Groups: Bugs Host Family: Agavaceae, Araceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae Pest Status: 0 Unknown Status: 0 NZ - Unknown 2.4. Other Names Croton Scale Insulaspis tokionis Borchsenius, 1963 Lepidosaphes auriculata Sanders, 1909 Lepidosaphes lasianthi Wolcott, 1936 Lepidosaphes newsteadi tokionis Fernald, 1903 Lepidosaphes tokionis Takahashi, 1935 Mytilaspis auriculata Green, 1907 Mytilaspis newsteadi tokionis Kuwana, 1902 2.5. Diagnostic Notes **Description from Williams & Watson (1988)** Scale of adult female pale brown, elongate. Male scale about same colour as female scale, smaller. Adult female, when mounted on slide, elongate: head of mature specimen sclerotised and expanded laterally to form sclerotised lobes. Other important characters are median lobes with space between either same width as a single lobe, or narrower: each lobe with a few notches present on inner edge; the 2nd lobes narrower than median lobes. Gland spines present in pairs. Marginal macroducts represented by 6 on each side: dorsal ducts each about 1/2 width and length of a marginal duct, present in a submedian line of 6 or more on segment 6, in marginal groups as far forward as mesothorax, and in submedian groups forward to segment I of abdomen. Ventral surface with perivulvar pores in 5 groups. Duct tubercles present on metathorax and abdominal segment I. Antennae each with 2 long setae. Anterior spiracles each with 2 or 3 disc pores. **Structure** Adult female body slender, with the lateral sides almost parallel; head with a more or less pronounced lobe on each side; basal 4 abdominal segments moderately lobed laterally; pygidium rather broad, trapezoidal (Takagi, 1970). **Systematics** _Lepidosaphes tokionis_ is recognisable by the development of cephalic lobes on the anterior prosoma and by the acute median pygidial lobes which are serrate on mesal margin (McKenzie, 1956). Takahashi (1936- 1941) misidentified _L. tokionis_ as _L. lasianthi_ (Beardsley, 1966). **Economic Importance & Control** Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest. **Foes** HYMENOPTERA Aphelinidae: _Aspidiotiphagus citrinus_, Encyrtidae: _Aphytis chrysomphali._ **General Remarks** Detailed redescription by Takagi (1970). **Keys** Suh & Ji 2009: 1041-1043 (female); Watson 2002a (female); Watson et al. 2000a (female); Colón-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud 1998: 105 (female); Gill 1997: 168 (female); Williams & Watson 1988: 144; Beardsley 1966: 535; Mamet 1959a: 381; McKenzie 1956: 32 (female); Zimmerman 1948: 418 (female); Ferris 1942: SIV- 446:56 (female). 2.6. References - http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/catalogs/diaspidi/Lepidosaphestokionis.htm - Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. (1988). _The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 1. The armoured scales (Diaspididae)_. CAB International, Wallingford. 290 pp. 2.7. Web Links ScaleNet: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/catalogs/diaspidi/Lepidosaphestokionis.htm 3. Diagnostic Images Results Generated: Friday, October 1, 2021 .
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