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A Zoogeographical Analysis of the Scale Insect (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) Fauna of Fennoscandia and Denmark

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© Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 25 June 2013 A zoogeographical analysis of the scale insect (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) fauna of Fennoscandia and Denmark CARL-AXEL GERTSSON Gertsson, C-A. 2013. A zoogeographical analysis of the scale insect (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) fauna of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 60, 81–89. This paper presents the results of a zoogeographical analysis of the scale insects from the following countries: Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. The number of species collected so far is 92 in 49 genera. The fauna is divided into the following zoogeographical groups: Palearctic, 56.5%, Holarctic, 18.5%, species from 2–3 zoogeographic regions, 10.9%. and Cosmopolitan, 14.1%. The connections between adjacent countries are also discussed. Key words: Scale insects, Coccoidea, zoogeography, Fennoscandia, Denmark. Carl-Axel Gertsson, Murarevägen 13, SE-227 30 Lund, Sweden. E-mail:[email protected] Introduction Studies in zoogeography have never been presented. In other parts of the world, however, According to the Database of the Scale Insects zoogeographical investigations of scale-insects of the World ScaleNet (Ben-Dov et al. 2012), have been studied by several authors. Data there are approximately 8000 described spec- covering the whole of the Palearctic region ies of scale insects worldwide. The scale was given by Bodenheimer (1934), Kozár & insects include all members of the superfamily Drosdják (1986), Kozár (1995b), Ben-Dov Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), which (1990), the Middle-East, Ben-Dov (2011-2012), consists of 49 families (Ben-Dov et al. 2012). Israel, Danzig (1986), the Far-Eastern USSR, They are closely related to aphids (Aphidoidea), Lagowska (2001) Poland, Longo et al. (1999) whiteflies (Aleyrodoidea) and jumping plant Italy and recently Kozár (2009) the world fauna of lice (Psylloidea) (Gullan & Cook 2007). The Eriococcidae. size of scale insects varies from 0.5 to 35mm, The number of species reported in Fenno- but they are usually less than 5mm in length in scandia and Denmark is low, for at least two Fennoscandia and Denmark. Some are cryptic, reasons. First, few studies have been conducted often resembling part of their host plant. Scale in this region and notwithstanding the latter, it is insects are phytophagous, feeding by sucking also likely that fewer species occur in this region plant juices through a set of stylets. The adult at least to the north, due to climatic constrains. female is wingless and paedomorphic, whereas Therefore the re sults presented in this paper can the adult male in most species is alate and with no only be considered as introductory. mouthparts (Kosztarab & Kozár 1988). Thus far, the study of scale-insects in Fennoscandia and Denmark has mainly been Materials and methods concerned with compiling lists of species, their ecology and distribution in individual countries. This paper presents an analysis based on the 81 Gertsson: A zoogeographical analysis of the scale insect fauna of Fennoscandia and Denmark Data base of the Scale Insects of the World ornamental plants are excluded in this study. These (ScaleNet) (Ben-Dov et al. 2012), a checklist exclusions are however very roughly due to the by Gertsson (2001) and several papers from fact that the ”greenhouse” species during the last Denmark (Kozarzhevskaya & Reitzel 1975), decades have been classified roughly as ”outdoor” Norway (Fjelddalen 1996), Finland (Huldén & species. The connections between countries close Heikinheimo 1984, Huldén 1985, Silfverberg to Fennocandia and Denmark were analysed by 2012) and Sweden (Ossiannilsson 1951, 1959, using a Venn diagram, and the degree of similarity Gertsson 2005, 2011a, 2011b, 2012, Gertsson & was calculated by means of the Sørensen index Isacsson 2012). The distributions of the species (Southwood 1966). recorded from different zoogeographical re- gions are according to Ben-Dov et al. (2012), Kozár (1998, 2004, 2009) and Lagowska (2001). Results The subregions of the Palearctic (Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Far-Eastern) The total number of scale insect species found in are in accordance with the map of Emeljanov Fennoscandia and Denmark is 92 in 49 genera (1974) (Figure 1). As Lagowska (2001) has ana- belonging to 12 families. The most species-rich lysed, the Palearctic is divided in the following families are Pseudococcidae (28), Coccidae (23), subgroups: species distributed in all three or four Diaspididae (16) and Eriococcidae (12) (Tables subregions, species distributed in two subregions 1–2). The highest ratios (most species per genus) and species restricted only to the Euro-Siberian are in the families Coccidae, Eriococcidae and region. Families, genera and species in Table 1 are Diaspididae (Table 2). Four genera, Trionymus, listed in an alphabetical order. The nomenclature Acanthococcus, Eulecanium and Diaspidiotus follows Ben-Dov et al. (2012) and for the Erio- are the most dominant in their diversity. These coccidae the nomenclature follows Kozár (2009). provide 22.8% of the total species number. The indoor or greenhouse species living on Based on the distribution records of the 92 FIGURE 1. The Palearctic region and its subregions (Kozár 1995b). 82 Norwegian Journal of Entomology 60, 81–89 (2013) TABLE 1. List of scale insects recorded from Fennoscandia and Denmark and their distribution in zoogeographical regions (Palearctic (Pal.) with following subregions Euro-Siberian (ES), Mediterranean (M), Irano-Turanian (IT), Far Eastern (FE), Nearctic (Nea.); Neotropical (Neo.); Ethiopian (Eth.); Oriental (Ori.); Australian (Aus.); and New Zealand and Pacific (NZ & P). Species Author Zoogeographical regions Pal. (subregions) Nea. Neo. Eth. Ori. Aus. NZ & P ASTEROLECANIIDAE Asterodiaspis variolosa (Ratzeburg, 1870) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. Eth. Aus. NZ & P Planchonia arabidis Signoret, 1877 Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. COCCIDAE Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Eriopeltis lichtensteini Signoret, 1877 Pal. (ES) Eriopeltis stammeri Schmutterer, 1952 Pal. (ES, IT) Eulecanium ciliatum (Douglas, 1891) Pal. (ES, M, FE) Eulecanium douglasi Sulc 1895 Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Eulecanium franconicum (Lindinger, 1907) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Eulecanium sericeum (Lindinger, 1906) Pal. (ES, M) Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Ori. Lecanopsis formicarum Newstead, 1893 Pal. (ES, M, FE) Luzulaspis luzulae (Dufour, 1864) Pal. (ES, M) Luzulaspis scotica Green, 1926 Pal. (ES) Palaeolecanium bituberculatum Signoret, 1873 Pal. (ES, M, IT) Parafairmairia gracilis Green, 1916 Pal. (ES, M) Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. Ori. NZ & P Parthenolecanium fletcheri(Cockerell, 1893) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Ori. Aus. NZ & P Parthenolecanium pomeranicum (Kawecki, 1954) Pal. (ES, M) Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) Pal. (ES, M, FE) Nea. Physkermes inopinatus Danzig & Kozár, 1973 Pal. (ES) Physokermes piceae (Schrank, 1801) Pal. (ES, M) Nea. Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood, 1870) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. Eth. Aus. NZ & P Pulvinaria regalis Canard, 1968 Pal. (ES) Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. NZ & P DIASPIDIDAE Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché, 1833) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. Eth. Ori. Aus. NZ & P Carulaspis juniperi (Bouché, 1851) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Aus. NZ & P Carulaspis minima (Signoret, 1869) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Eth. Aus. Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Ori. Diaspidiotus bavaricus (Lindinger, 1912) Pal. (ES, M) Diaspidiotus lenticularis (Lindinger, 1912) Pal. (ES, M) Aus. Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Ori. Aus. NZ & P Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Eth. Ori. Aus. NZ & P 83 Gertsson: A zoogeographical analysis of the scale insect fauna of Fennoscandia and Denmark TABLE 1. continued Species Author Zoogeographical regions Pal. (subregions) Nea. Neo. Eth. Ori. Aus. NZ & P Diaspidiotus zonatus (Frauenfeld, 1868) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Dynaspidiotus abietis (Schrank, 1776) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret, 1869) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Ori. Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin, 1790) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. Eth. Ori. Lepidosaphes newsteadi Sulc, 1895 Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Neo. Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Neo. Ori. Aus. NZ & P Leucaspis lowi Colvée, 1882 Pal. (ES, M, IT) Ori. Leucaspis pini (Hartig, 1839) Pal. (ES, M, IT) ERIOCOCCIDAE Acanthococcus baldonensis Rasina, 1966 Pal. (ES) Acanthococcus devoniensis (Green, 1896) Pal. (ES, M) Acanthococcus greeni (Newstead, 1898) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Acanthococcus timidus (Huldén, 1985) Pal. (ES) Acanthococcus uvaeursi (Linnaeus, 1761) Pal. (ES, M, FE) Nea. Crytococcus fagisuga Lindinger, 1937 Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Gossyparia spuria (Modeer, 1778) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Greenisca gouxi (Balachowsky, 1954) Pal. (ES, M) Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach, 1860) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Rhizococcus agropyri Borchsenius, 1949 Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Rhizococcus insignis (Newstead, 1891) Pal. (ES, M, IT) Nea. Rhizococcus pseudinsignis (Green, 1925) Pal. (ES, M) Nea. KERMESIDAE Kermes quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pal. (ES, M, IT) MARGARODIDAE Porphyrophora polonica (Linnaeus, 1758) Pal. (ES) MATSUCOCCIDAE Matsucoccus pini (Green, 1925) Pal. (ES, M) ORTHEZIIDAE Arctorthezia cataphracta (Shaw, 1794) Pal. (ES, M, IT, FE) Nea. Newsteadia
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    AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3823, 80 pp. January 16, 2015 Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea ISABELLE M. VEA1, 2 AND DAVID A. GRIMALDI2 ABSTRACT Coccoids are abundant and diverse in most amber deposits around the world, but largely as macropterous males. Based on a study of male coccoids in Lebanese amber (Early Cretaceous), Burmese amber (Albian-Cenomanian), Cambay amber from western India (Early Eocene), and Baltic amber (mid-Eocene), 16 new species, 11 new genera, and three new families are added to the coccoid fossil record: Apticoccidae, n. fam., based on Apticoccus Koteja and Azar, and includ- ing two new species A. fortis, n. sp., and A. longitenuis, n. sp.; the monotypic family Hodgsonicoc- cidae, n. fam., including Hodgsonicoccus patefactus, n. gen., n. sp.; Kozariidae, n. fam., including Kozarius achronus, n. gen., n. sp., and K. perpetuus, n. sp.; the irst occurrence of a Coccidae in Burmese amber, Rosahendersonia prisca, n. gen., n. sp.; the irst fossil record of a Margarodidae sensu stricto, Heteromargarodes hukamsinghi, n. sp.; a peculiar Diaspididae in Indian amber, Nor- markicoccus cambayae, n. gen., n. sp.; a Pityococcidae from Baltic amber, Pityococcus monilifor- malis, n. sp., two Pseudococcidae in Lebanese and Burmese ambers, Williamsicoccus megalops, n. gen., n. sp., and Gilderius eukrinops, n. gen., n. sp.; an Early Cretaceous Weitschatidae, Pseudo- weitschatus audebertis, n. gen., n. sp.; four genera considered incertae sedis, Alacrena peculiaris, n. gen., n. sp., Magnilens glaesaria, n. gen., n. sp., and Pedicellicoccus marginatus, n. gen., n. sp., and Xiphos vani, n.
  • Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)

    Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female.
  • Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the Entomological Collection of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS), Poland

    Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the Entomological Collection of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS), Poland

    Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (2): 281–315 ISSN 2190–7307 2021 · Bugaj-Nawrocka A. et al. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2021.70.2.281 Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAB40723-C66E-4826-A8F7-A678AFABA1BC Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the entomological collection of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS), Poland Agnieszka Bugaj-Nawrocka1, *, Łukasz Junkiert2, Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk3 & Karina Wieczorek4 1, 2, 3, 4 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B5A9DF15-3677-4F5C-AD0A-46B25CA350F6 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AF78807C-2115-4A33-AD65-9190DA612FB9 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:600C5C5B-38C0-4F26-99C4-40A4DC8BB016 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:95A5CB92-EB7B-4132-A04E-6163503ED8C2 Abstract. Information about the scientific collections is made available more and more often. The digitisation of such resources allows us to verify their value and share these records with other scientists – and they are usually rich in taxa and unique in the world. Moreover, such information significantly enriches local and global knowledge about biodiversi- ty. The digitisation of the resources of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) allowed presenting a substantial collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). The collection counts 9369 slide-mounted specimens, about 200 alcohol-preserved samples, close to 2500 dry specimens stored in glass vials and 1319 amber inclu- sions representing 343 taxa (289 identified to species level), 158 genera and 36 families (29 extant and seven extinct).