The Application of Classical Biological Control for the Management Of
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Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomofauna Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 0028 Autor(en)/Author(s): Yefremova Zoya A., Ebrahimi Ebrahim, Yegorenkova Ekaterina Artikel/Article: The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 28, Heft 25: 321-356 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. November 2007 The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Zoya YEFREMOVA, Ebrahim EBRAHIMI & Ekaterina YEGORENKOVA Abstract This paper reflects the current degree of research of Eulophidae and their hosts in Iran. A list of the species from Iran belonging to the subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae is presented. In the present work 47 species from 22 genera are recorded from Iran. Two species (Cirrospilus scapus sp. nov. and Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) are described as new. A list of 45 host-parasitoid associations in Iran and keys to Iranian species of three genera (Cirrospilus, Diglyphus and Aprostocetus) are included. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel zeigt den derzeitigen Untersuchungsstand an eulophiden Wespen und ihrer Wirte im Iran. Eine Liste der für den Iran festgestellten Arten der Unterfamilien Eu- lophinae, Entedoninae und Tetrastichinae wird präsentiert. Mit vorliegender Arbeit werden 47 Arten in 22 Gattungen aus dem Iran nachgewiesen. Zwei neue Arten (Cirrospilus sca- pus sp. nov. und Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) werden beschrieben. Eine Liste von 45 Wirts- und Parasitoid-Beziehungen im Iran und ein Schlüssel für 3 Gattungen (Cirro- spilus, Diglyphus und Aprostocetus) sind in der Arbeit enthalten. -
Natural Occurrence of the Nuc1eopolyhedrosis Virus of The
ENTOMOPHAGA 25 ( 3 ). 1980, 261-267 NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF THE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR [LEP. : LYMANTRIIDAE] IN WILD BIRDS AND MAMMALS (I) R. A. LAUTENSCHLAGER (2), J. D. PODGWAITE (3) & D. E. WATSON (3) (2) Northeastern Forest Experiment Station Forest Service, U. S. Dep. Agriculture, 370 Reed Road, Broomall, Pa. 19008 (4). (3) U.S_D.A., Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Insect & Disease Labo ratory, Hamden, Connecticut 06514, U.S.A_ Three species of birds and 5 species of mammals were captured in the wild from 2 plots in which mortality from naturally occurring nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) among gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae was 15 %and 70 %. Bioassays of intestinal contents showed that blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata (L.), towhees, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (L.), white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (RAFINESQUE), redback voles, Clethrionomys gapperi (VIGERS), raccoons, Procyon lotor (L.), and a chipmunk, Tamias striatus (L.), contained infectious NPV (poly hedra) in their alimentary tracts, whereas robins, Turdus migratorius (L.), and masked shrews, Sorex cinereus (KERR), did not. Comparisons among mice and voles indicated that those collected from the plot in which the NPV mortality was greatest (70 %) contained the most virus. We concluded that birds and mammals can passively transport infectious gypsy moth NPV in the wild. Nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) are among the primary natural regulators in dense populations of many insect species, and some appear promising as applied control agents in pest management programs. Understanding the epidemiology of these viruses is critical to predicting population trends and implementing appropriate pest management strategies. Recent studies have emphasized the mechanisms of NPV transmission within and between insect generations. -
Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles
Biological Control 21, 206–213 (2001) doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0940, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles L. T. Kok Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0319 Received March 15, 2001; accepted March 20, 2001; published online May 22, 2001 group. Both thistles are winter annuals or biennials. Nodding (musk) thistle (Carduus thoermeri Wein- Seeds produced in summer form rosettes which over- mann in the Carduus nutans L. group) and plumeless winter. The rosettes resume development in spring, thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) are introduced nox- followed by stem elongation and flowering. Nodding ious weeds of Eurasian origin. Both weeds are prob- thistle was first recorded in 1853 at Harrisburg, Penn- lematic in pastures, rangelands, and croplands and sylvania (Stuckey and Forsyth, 1971) and has been along state highways in many parts of the United reported in 40 of the 48 contiguous states (Frick, 1978). States. The success of both species of thistles is largely Plumeless thistle first appeared in 1878 at Camden, due to their prolific seed production, seed longevity, New Jersey and in Ohio (Batra, 1978) and is found in competitive ability, and lack of natural enemies. Clas- sical biological control of nodding thistle in Virginia 19 states (Frick, 1978). The two thistle species often has been achieved with three exotic thistle herbivores, occupy the same habitats in the northeast, such as Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Coleoptera: Curculion- overgrazed pastures and disturbed roadsides, some- idae), Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: times occurring in mixed stands (Batra, 1978). -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
(Ceroplastes Destructor) and Chinese Wax Scale (C. Sinesis) (Hemi
POPULATION ECOLOGY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SOFT WAX SCALE (CEROPLASTES DESTRUCTOR) AND CHINESE WAX SCALE (C. SINENSIS) (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) ON CITRUS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University Peter L. La Lincoln University 1994 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Ph.D. POPUlATION ECOWGY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SOFT WAX SCALE (CEROPLASTES DESTRUCTOR) AND CHINESE WAX SCALE (c. SINENSIS) (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) ON CITRUS Peter L. La Soft wax scale (SWS) Ceroplastes destructor (Newstead) and Chinese wax scale (CWS) C. sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are indirect pests of citrus (Citrus spp.) in New Zealand. Honeydew they produce supports sooty mould fungi that disfigure fruit and reduce photosynthesis and fruit yield. Presently, control relies on calendar applications of insecticides. The main aim of this study was to provide the ecological basis for the integrated management of SWS and CWS. Specific objectives were to compare their population ecologies, determine major mortality factors and levels of natural control, quantify the impact of ladybirds on scale populations, and evaluate pesticides for compatibility with ladybirds. Among 57 surveyed orchards, SWS was more abundant than CWS in Kerikeri but was not found around Whangarei. Applications of organophosphates had not reduced the proportion of orchards with medium or high densities of SWS. Monthly destructive sampling of scale populations between November 1990 and February 1994 was supplemented by in situ counts of scale cohorts. Both species were univoltine, but SWS eggs hatched two months earlier than those of CWS, and development between successive instars remained two to three months ahead. -
Invasive Alien Species: the Application of Classical Biological Control for the Management of Established Invasive Alien Species Causing Environmental Impacts
CBD Distr. GENERAL CBD/COP/14/INF/9 12 November 2018 ENGLISH ONLY CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Fourteenth meeting Item 26 of the provisional agenda* Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17-29 November 2018 INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES: THE APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ESTABLISHED INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Note by the Executive Secretary BACKGROUND 1. The Executive Secretary is circulating herewith, for the information of participants in the fourteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, a document on the application of classical biological control for the management of established invasive alien species causing environmental impacts. 2. The document is relevant to the work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, in particular with regard to addressing (a) tools for conducting analysis for the management of invasive alien species, (b) the risks associated with trade in live alien organisms, and (c) achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 9. 3. The document is being circulated in the form and language in which it was received by the Secretariat. * CBD/COP/14/1. The application of classical biological control for the management of established invasive alien species causing environmental impacts Summary for Policy Makers Prepared by: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) *Note that the full report follows on from this Summary for Policy Makers document. Summary for policy makers Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP13 Decision XIII on Invasive Alien Species (IAS) recognized ‘that classical biological control can be an effective measure to manage already established invasive alien species’, and encouraged ‘Parties, other Governments and relevant organizations, when using classical biological control to manage already established invasive alien species, … [to take] into account the summary of technical considerations1’ that was annexed to the decision. -
Ecology of Interactions Between Weeds and Other Categories of Pests
WEED SCHOOL 2002 Ecology of Interactions between Weeds and other Categories of Pests Robert F. Norris Vegetable Crops and Weed Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Introduction The term pest includes pathogens, weeds, nematodes, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. One category of pests does not occur in the absence of pests in other categories, yet most IPM systems are designed around a single category of pest. For full implementation of IPM it is essential that all categories of pests be managed in an integrated manner. Allowances for the interactions that occur between the categories of pests be incorporated into the IPM decision making process. Interactions between pest categories can be diagrammed in the form of a 'pest hexagon' (Figure 1). Not all interactions between all categories of pests are of equal significance, but due to the trophic position of weeds in the ecosystem weeds have the potential to impact all other categories of pests. Weeds presence in agricultural systems can vary from essentially none in a highly managed monocropping system, such as that used for cotton in the San Joaquin valley, to very diverse mixture of species in small field cropping systems interlaced with hedges, fence lines, stream banks, and woodlands. Such contrasting agricultural systems provide very different habitats for all other organisms present in the systems. At the farm level there is a large difference in habitat for all organisms between fence lines that are weedy and those that are maintained weed free. Similarly, within orchards there can be large habitat differences between those managed with a weed-flee floor versus those managed with vegetation cover. -
Spermatheca Structure of Cassida Atrata Fabricius, 1787 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 23 (2): 396-401, 2020 KSU J. AgricNat 23 (2): 396-401, 2020 DOI:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.630773 Spermatheca Structure of Cassida atrata Fabricius, 1787 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Neslihan BAL Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü https://orcid.org/0000-0001-2345-6789 : [email protected] ABSTRACT ResearchArticle It is accepted that male genitalia are not diagnostic, spermatheca are partly diagnostic within the genus Cassida Linnaeus, 1758. However, ArticleHistory so far, it appears that genital studies are based solely on stereo Received : 08.10.2019 microscopy. Ultrastructures of genitalia have been not studied except Accepted : 19.12.2019 for a few studies. In this study, female genital structure belonging to three Cassida atrata Fabricius, 1787 specimens collected from Kayseri Keywords and Niğde provinces in 1996 and 2018 from Turkey was examined for Chrysomelidae the first time in SEM in order to determine whether ultrastructural Cassida studies are useful from taxonomic point of view. Thus, new diagnostic SEM characters were obtained and it revealed that it was diagnostic for Spermatheca species in other subgenus. Photos of spermatheca taken by both SEM Turkey and stereo microscope are also given. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobunda (SEM) Cassida atrata Fabricius, 1787’ nın SpermathecaYapısı (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) ÖZET Araştırma Makalesi Cassida Linnaeus, 1758 cinsi içerisinde genel olarak erkek genitalinin ayırt edici olmadığı, spermateka’nın ise kısmen ayırt edici olduğu Makale Tarihçesi kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte şimdiye kadar yapılan genital Geliş Tarihi : 08.10.2019 çalışmalarının sadece stereo mikroskoba dayalı olduğu Kabul Tarihi : 19.12.2019 görülmektedir. -
Greenhouse Insect Management Ric Bessin, Lee H
ENT-60 Greenhouse Insect Management Ric Bessin, Lee H. Townsend: Extension Entomologists Robert G. Anderson: Extension Horticulturist he warm, humid conditions and abundant food in a Aphids Tgreenhouse provide an excellent, stable environment for pest development. Often, the natural enemies that serve to Aphids or plant lice are small, soft-bodied, sluggish keep pests under control outside are not present in the green- insects that cluster in colonies on the leaves and stems of the house. For these reasons, pest situations often develop in this host plants. They are sucking insects that insert their beaks into indoor environment more rapidly and with greater severity a leaf or stem to extract plant sap. They are usually found on than outdoors. Pest problems can be chronic unless recog- and under the youngest leaves, and, in general, prefer to feed nized and corrected. on tender, young growth. Successful control of insect pests on greenhouse veg- etables and ornamentals depends on several factors. Proper cultural practices can minimize the chance for initiation and buildup of infestations. Early detection and diagnosis are keys Figure 1. Winged and wingless aphids to greenhouse pest management, as well as the proper choice and application of pesticides when they are needed. The pests that attack plants produced under conventional greenhouse practices also infest plants produced in float systems. Float systems are especially prone to problems with fungus gnats, shore flies and bloodworms. Some greenhouse insects can transmit diseases to the Aphids are the only insects that have a pair of cornicles, plants which are often more serious than the feeding injury that or tubes that resemble exhaust pipes, on their abdomen. -
ISPM 3. Guidelines for the Export, Shipment, Import and Release Of
S URE S ENG TARY MEA TARY I AN S 3 ONAL STANDARD FOR PHYTO FOR STANDARD ONAL I release of biological control agents and other beneficial beneficial other and agents G INTERNAT uidelines for the export, the for uidelines shipment, import and and import shipment, organisms ISPM 3 ENG This page is intentionally left blank INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES ISPM 3 Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms Produced by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention Adopted 2005; published 2017 © FAO 2005 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. -
Farmscaping to Enhance Biological Control
FARMSCAPING TO ENHANCE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS GUIDE www.attra.org ATTRA is the national sustainable agriculture information center funded by the USDA’s Rural Business—Cooperative Service. for your valuable feedback! valuable your for by Rex Dufour Abstract: This publication NCAT Agriculture Specialist contains information about Thank YouThank You YouThank Thank Thank You Thank Thank YouThank You YouThank Thank December 2000 increasing and managing biodiversity on a farm to favor beneficial organisms, with emphasis on beneficial insects. The types of information farmscapers need to consider is outlined and emphasized. Appendices have information about various types and examples of successful “farmscaping” (manipulations of the agricultural ecosystem), plants that attract beneficials, pests and their predators, seed blends to attract beneficial insects, examples of farmscaping, hedgerow establishment and maintenance budgets, and a sample flowering Hedgerow of insectary plants at Fong Farms Ltd. period table. in Woodland, CA. CONTENTS Introduction.............................................. 2 Useful Contacts ...................................... 14 Rex Dufour Farmscape Planning ................................. 2 Additional Reading ................................. 16 NCAT/ATTRA Other Considerations .............................. 4 Appendix A: Plants that Attract Beneficials PO Box 3657 Weather ..................................................... 4 Appendix B: Pests and Associated Beneficial Fayetteville, AR 72702 -
Leaf Beetle Larvae
Scottish Beetles BeesIntroduction and wasps to Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) There are approximately 281 species of leaf beetles in the UK. This guide is an introduction to 17 species found in this family. It is intended to be used in combination with the beetle anatomy guide and survey and recording guides. Colourful and often metallic beetles, where the 3rd tarsi is heart shaped. Species in this family are 1-18mm and are oval or elongated oval shaped. The plants each beetle is found on are usually key to their identification. Many of the species of beetles found in Scotland need careful examination with a microscope to identify them. This guide is designed to introduce some of the leaf beetles you may find and give some key Dead nettle leaf beetle (Chrysolina fastuosa ) 5-6mm This leaf beetle is found on hemp nettle and dead nettle plants. It is beautifully coloured with its typically metallic green base and blue, red and gold banding. The elytra are densely punctured. Where to look - Found mainly in wetlands from March to December from the Central Belt to Aberdeenshire and Inverness © Ben Hamers © Ben Rosemary leaf beetle (Chrysolina americana ) 6-8mm The Rosemary beetle is a recent invasive non- native species introduced to the UK through the international plant trade. This beetle is metallic red/burgundy with green striping. There are lines of punctures typically following the green stripes. Where to look - Found in nurseries, gardens and parks. Feeds on lavender and rosemary in particular. There have been records in Edinburgh but this beetle is spreading.