Newsletter of the ELS Historical Society Volume 18 August 2014 Issue 2

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Newsletter of the ELS Historical Society Volume 18 August 2014 Issue 2 Oak Leaves Newsletter of the ELS Historical Society Volume 18 August 2014 Issue 2 Please see insert to order your copy of U. V. Koren’s Works, Volume 1, Sermons . Thank you. The June 15, 2014, Program tunes were connected to specific geographical areas of the ELS Historical Society in the Old Country: Valdres, Telemark, Bergen, etc. The immigrants brought them to America where they discovered similarities between their folk tra- Music at the 2014 Annual Meeting ditions and those of other ethnic groups. Each group by Mark O. Harstad contributed distinctive features to the “melting pot” of the American experience. The ensemble per- For the past several years we have tried to in- formed two examples of the Norwegian musical volve musicians, young and not so young, in var- form known as the Springdans , and also a wedding ious aspects of the Annual Meeting of the ELS march, the kind of music that was played as the Historical Society. This year’s musical venture wedding party made its way from the bride’s included a ten-piece ensemble of musicians rang- house through the countryside to the church. ing in age from ten to over sixty. In the making of music we don’t have to be segregated into age Norwegian nationalist composer Edvard Grieg groups. We can experience the joy of music to- frequently tapped into the folk music tradition of gether. Age is simply not a factor. his native Norway to find material to work with. The ensemble performed Grieg’s “The Cowherd’s Song,” a good example of Grieg’s use of thematic material drawn from the music of the people. The second part of the musical presentation focused on hymn tunes of the Norwegian tradition. Some of these melodies that came to be used in the church grew out of folk traditions as well. Beloved tunes such as “In Heaven Above” and “Behold a Host Arrayed in White” are of unknown origin other than that they were familiar to the common people The string ensemble was made up of the following musi- cians: Loren, Daniel, John, and Madeline Halvorson, of the land perhaps for centuries. In other cases, James and Matthew Strom, Lydia Petersen, Diane Gullixson, well known composers produced fine hymn tunes and Peggy and Mark Harstad. to convey sacred poetry into the hearts and minds of church-goers. Composer C. E. F. Weyse pro- The half hour of music which preceded the 2014 duced the beautiful melody “O Day Full of program included both secular and sacred music Grace.” Ludvig Lindeman gave us “In Jesus I of the Scandinavian tradition. Many Norwegian Find Rest and Peace.” These are enduring works folk dances and wedding marches have been pre- which will be enjoyed as long as there are people served from bygone centuries. Oftentimes these who love Christian hymnody. ▪ — Oak Leaves – Page 1 — The 2014 Business Meeting volved in the Evangelical Lutheran Synod since by Mark O. Harstad its earliest days. We welcome both of these gen- tlemen to the Board. The Historical The breaking news at the Business Meeting was Society tended to the announcement of the appearance in print of a few items of the English translation of Volume One of the business at the works of Pastor Ulrik Vilhelm Koren. Mark De- 2014 Annual Garmeaux has completed the translation of all Meeting. Peter four volumes, and it is now the project of the His- Anthony and torical Society to bring out one volume each year, Michael Lilien- 2014 to 2017. The fact that our treasury has been thal are leaving building up over the last few years enables us to the Society launch significant projects such as the Koren Board. Peter project. Koren’s writings provide a very important served three con- window into the character of the Old Norwegian secutive terms, Synod. Volume One is now available through the and was therefore Historical Society. ▪ required by our constitution to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ step down. He has been our trea- surer for many What’s In a Script? ELS Historical Society years. The Soci- President, Mark O. Harstad A review by Sigurd K. Lee ety acknowledges his service to the At this summer’s 2014 ELS Synod Convention, organization with gratitude, and we look forward on the evenings of Sunday, June 15 and Tues- to his continuing participation in our activities in day, June 17, the Synod’s Historical Society used the future. Michael has served one term while the format of a Readers’ Theater “to gain insight attending seminary. He now leaves to fulfill his into the character and experience of pioneer vicarage in Iola, Wisconsin, in preparation for leaders of Norwegian Lutheranism in America,” Seminary graduation and receiving a Call into the as the program noted. Ministry. Michael’s stint on the Board was just one term, but it was a very productive time. He Two researchers, Lois Jaeger and Erling Teigen, was the writer of two plays which provided pro- combed diaries, correspondence, and histories of grams for us, The Oak Trees Still Stand (2013), these early leaders. Michael Lilienthal, the author and In Their Own Words (2014). We remember of last year’s historical play, The Oak Trees Still Stand , fashioned from this material a Readers’ his contributions with thanks and wish the bless- Theater script entitled, In Their Own Words. He ings of God on his future in the Ministry. also directed the production . The new members elected to the Board are Pastor Below are listed the historical figures chosen and Jerome Gernander from Princeton, MN, and the respective readers: Seminarian Andrew Soule. Pastor Gernander has shown his interest in our history in the past by Bjug Aanondson Harstad Mark O. Harstad producing articles for Oak Leaves. He is the Elisabeth Koren Rebecca DeGarmeaux grandson of the late Pastor Wilbert Werling. We Linka Preus Marie MacPherson look forward to his greater involvement in the Herman Amberg Preus Jerome Gernander work of the Society. Andrew Soule has also writ- Ulrik Vilhelm Koren Thomas Rank ten for Oak Leaves in the past. He represents the Jacob Aall Ottesen Erling Teigen fourth generation of a family which has been in- C. F. W. Walther Ryan MacPherson — Oak Leaves – Page 2 — (Note: I had the benefit of using a script in writing one such gathering, the pastors “talked far this review.) into the night” until the host pastor had to admonish them “to be quiet so the children could sleep.” Some of those early Norwegians feared the “pernicious effects of night air.” In December 1853, Elisabeth Koren writes: “Last year I began the new year [in Norway] clad in bobbinet, dancing away with roses in my hair. This year [in America] I am sitting here with Vil- helm in this bare room, where tomorrow he is to conduct divine services for all these people who so long have lacked a pastor. Still, this is the best.” These early pastors and their wives came from the “unspoken aristocracy” of Norway, from homes of order Lois Jaeger and Sig Lee visit after the play. and decorum, a world of cul- ture and edu- Thank you again to the Historical Society for an- cation, and, other program of substance. We did “gain in- yes, of dancing sight” and we learned some discrete facts about Marie MacPherson as Linka Preus parties. They these pioneers and their lives. A few examples: were also deeply spiritual people who willingly left that life in The mosquitoes were awful in Iowa and Norway for the rude frontier life of Wisconsin, elsewhere. (That insect apparently is not Iowa, Minnesota, and Dakota Territory. allowed into Norway.) Herman Preus wrote, “Our synod [in America] Vilhelm and Elisabeth Koren would, some- wanted to be a witness of Christ. It wanted to give times in moments alone at home, practice a clear and distinct sound on its trumpet.” Later pantomime. he confided, “I was often quite discouraged and had to confess how really unworthy and inade- Jacob Aall Ottesen may have suffered from, quate I was for the call which I had accepted. what we’d call today, bio-polar depression. However, prayer and the comfort I could draw from Scripture and good books, restored my C. F. W. Walther of the Missouri Synod was courage and my confidence that God would for- a close friend and supporter of “The Norwe- give my unworthiness and of His grace give me gians.” power in my weakness.” These early pastors and their wives, serving Vilhelm Koren wrote, “The great thing to me is the many miles from one another, welcomed exhortation of St. Paul to Timothy: ‘Keep that occasions when they could be together. At which is committed to thy trust.’” — Oak Leaves – Page 3 — As to presentation, Readers’ Theater needs inti- Two Out-of-the-Ordinary macy, closeness. As it was, being Lutherans, we audience members sat in the middle and rear Presentations seats of the Lee Theater, leaving a chasm be- by Becky DeGarmeaux tween ourselves and the readers onstage. Two presentations were given in the Log Cabin Lengthy readings are fine—many words are of- room of the Ottesen Museum this past spring ten needed to introduce and shape the point be- which, it is hoped, will spur interest in history in ing made. If performed again, however, could the young people of our Synod. shorter sections or even single lines been as- signed to readers, to vary the pace and rhythm? Each year Mrs. Sue Beilke takes her 3 rd grade class Koren’s lovely poem to his wife Elisabeth, for ex- at Mt.
Recommended publications
  • Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
    Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege's 1993 Translation Of
    Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818 Frans Gregersen To cite this version: Frans Gregersen. Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818. 2013. hprints-00786171 HAL Id: hprints-00786171 https://hal-hprints.archives-ouvertes.fr/hprints-00786171 Preprint submitted on 7 Feb 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818* 1. Introduction This edition constitutes a photographic reprint of the English edition of Rasmus Rask‘s prize essay of 1818 which appeared as volume XXVI in the Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague in 1993. The only difference, besides the new front matter, is the present introduction, which serves to introduce the author Rasmus Rask, the man and his career, and to contextualize his famous work. It also serves to introduce the translation and the translator, Niels Ege (1927–2003). The prize essay was published in Danish in 1818. In contrast to other works by Rask, notably his introduction to the study of Icelandic (on which, see further below), it was never reissued until Louis Hjelmslev (1899–1965) published a corrected version in Danish as part of his edition of Rask‘s selected works (Rask 1932).
    [Show full text]
  • Current Transformations in Norwegian Higher Education
    Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.2.02 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY http://ishi.lib.berkeley.edu/cshe/ CURRENT TRANSFORMATIONS 1 IN NORWEGIAN HIGHER EDUCATION March 2002 Kim Gunnar Helsvig Research Fellow Forum for University History Dept. of History, University of Oslo Pb.1008 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo Norway tel:+47 22856873 fax: +47 22855278 [email protected] http://www.hf.uio.no/hi/prosjekter/univhist/ Copyright 2002 Kim Gunnar Helsvig, all rights reserved. This working paper is not to be quoted without the permission of the author. ABSTRACT This article revises Norwegian higher education debate from the publication of a radical reform proposal made by a government committee in May 2000 until the closure of the reform process in the parliament in May 2001. It is argued that a great rhetorical divide between neo-liberal and Humboldtian concepts of higher education characterized the debate, and that this to some extent distorted the coherence of the final solutions. Nevertheless, it is maintained that the reform is quite likely to instigate a period of profound changes in the national higher education system. Introduction In May 2000, a Norwegian government appointed committee presented a report on higher education with the selling title Freedom with responsibility.2 In this report recommendations for reform were made that – if carried out – would lead to changes in the Norwegian higher education system that in many respects would fundamentally break with national traditions. In the first section of this article I will therefore briefly outline the development and the current state of higher education in Norway, and then go on to present the reforms proposed by the committee.
    [Show full text]
  • History Newsletter CENTER for HISTORY of PHYSICS&NIELS BOHR LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Vol
    History Newsletter CENTER FOR HISTORY OF PHYSICS&NIELS BOHR LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Vol. 46, No. 2 • Fall 2014 The History Programs Publish Physics Entrepreneurship and Innovation By R. Joseph Anderson, Director, Niels Bohr Library & Archives We completed our most recent study PhD physicists and other professionals energy sources, and laser sensors and of physicists working in the private who co-founded and work at some 91 communications, along with a variety of sector at the end of 2013, and the startup companies in 14 states that were new manufacturing tools. final report, Physics Entrepreneurship established in the last few decades. and Innovation, is now available The four-year study is focused on both in print and online. While the investigating the structure and physicists in the study don’t fit the dynamics of physics entrepreneurship conventional model of hard-driving, and understanding some of the risk taking entrepreneurs, physics- factors that lead to the success or based entrepreneurship plays a vital failure of new startups, including role in innovation and the ongoing funding, technology transfer, location, transformation of American industry business models, and marketing. We in just about every business sector. have also considered ways that the companies can work with private For much of the 20th century, and public archives to preserve technological innovations that drove historically valuable records so that U.S. economic growth emerged from future researchers can understand "idea factories" housed within large today’s technology and economy. Our companies—research units like Bell findings include: Labs or Xerox PARC that developed everything from the transistor to • No national standard of entrepre- the computer mouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of the ELS Historical Society Volume 18 May 2014 Issue 1
    Oak Leaves Newsletter of the ELS Historical Society Volume 18 May 2014 Issue 1 Please register early for memberships, and for tickets to the June 15th program, “In Their Own Words” (see insert). Thank you. “In Their Own Words” their work. And what better way to do that than to allow those people to speak for themselves through The June, 2014, Program the legacy of written works they have left us. of the ELS Historical Society by Mark O. Harstad A program committee consisting of Lois Jaeger, Erling Teigen, and Michael Lilienthal has been at It will be difficult to come up with a program that work for several months. Lois and Erling have will top the interest generated by the 2013 pro- culled key quotations from the writings of Linka gram. Michael Lilienthal’s play “The Oak Trees Preus, Elizabeth Koren, Herman Amberg Preus, Still Stand” proved to be one of the Historical Jacob Aal Ottesen, Ulrik Vilhelm Koren, and oth- Society’s most successful ventures in terms of the ers. Diaries, letters, and more formal writings number of people involved in the production generated by these pioneer figures provide the (cast members, support crew, and musicians), and content for much of the program. Correspondence the record number of people who attended. The they received from prominent people of their play provided an opportunity to gain insight into time, including Dr. C. F. W. Walther, will also be the circumstances that led to the reorganization of featured. the Synod at Lime Creek in 1918. Instead of cav- ing in to the various pressures to conform to powerful social trends, and march in lockstep with majority views at the expense of doctrinal integrity, the little group of a dozen pastors and about 200 lay people heeded the words of the Prophet Jeremiah (Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of the Norwegian Synod
    The Legacy of the Norwegian Synod Commemorating its 150th Anniversary The Legacy of Jakob Aall Ottesen and The Enduring Legacy of Preus, Koren, and Ottesen By Erling T. Teigen [Presented at the 36th Annual Reformation Lectures, Bethany Lutheran College, Mankato, MN, October 30-31, 2003] 1. The Legacy of Jakob Aall Ottesen Of the three fathers who have been shaped into a sort of holy trinity for the Norwegian Synod, the “forgotten” or less visible person of that trinity might be Jakob Aall Ottesen. Perhaps the metaphor is objectionable, and we might want rather to use the image of that Russian drawn carriage/sleigh, the troika. At least in the parochial boundaries of the Norwegian Synod, Preus and Koren both served as Synod president (the two holding forth from 1862 until 1910), while Ottesen was once elected a district president and declined to serve, and a year later was called to teach theology at Luther College, but declined that as well. Preus was front and center, along with Koren, in the election controversy which rocked Midwestern Lutheranism in the 1880s, while Ottesen primarily wrote articles and letters. In an even earlier time of controversy with other Norwegian Lutherans, Ottesen was co-editor with Preus of Kirkelig Maanedstidende for den norsk-evangelisk-lutherske Kirke i Amerika, the church paper for the Synod, and he wielded a great influence there. J.A. Bergh1 described some of the Norwegian church leaders in the course of a discussion of H. A. Preus: “Rev. H. A. Preus possibly does not possess the dialectic ability of his great co-laborer, Jacob Aall Ottesen, is not a diplomat like Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Letters of Denization and Acts of Naturalization for Aliens in England & Ireland
    Gc M 942.006 H87pu v.27 1417132 ENEALOGY COLLECTION «* Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/lettersofdenizat2717hugu LETTERS OF DENIZATION AND ACTS OF NATURALIZATION FOR ALIENS IN ENGLAND & IRELAND 1701-1800 A ' ' " • ^ . I V .. - V. THE Publications of The Huguenot Society of London FOUNDED A.D. MDCCCLXXXY VOLUME XXVII Printed by SHERRATT AND HUGHES, MANCHESTER 1923 The COUNCIL of the HUGUENOT SOCIETY OF LONDON desires it to be understood that it is not answerable for any opinions or observations that may appear in the Society’s publications; the Editors of the several Works being alone responsible for the same. Cbe Ibuguenot Society of Xonbon. (Inaugurated 15 th April, 1885 .) OFFICERS AND COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1922=23. president. WYATT WYATT-PAINE, F.S.A. Dice-lprestoents. The Right Hon. the Earl of Radnor. Sir William Wyndham Portal, Bart., F.S.A. George Beaumont Beeman. Charles Poyntz Stewart, F.S.A. Scot. William Minet, F.S.A. Council. The Rev. William George Cazalet. Sir Robert Alfred McCale, K.C.V.O., K.C. Thomas Colyer Colyer-Fergusson. W. H. Manchee. Robert William Dibdin. Ernest Carrington Ouvry, M.B.E., F.S.A. Alfred Edward Duchesne. Ft. -Col. Sir Alexander Brooke Pechell, Sir W. Everard B. ffolkes, Bart. Bart., R.A.M.C. Francis de Havilland Hall, M.D., F.R.C.P. Samuel Romilly Roget, A.M.Inst.C.E., Edward Heathcote Lefroy. A.M.I.E.E. treasurer. Arthur Herve Browning, 16 Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. 1 Ibon. Secretary. Colonel Duncan George Pitcher. Deputy Ibon.
    [Show full text]
  • Namias Symposium
    NAMIAS SYMPOSIUM Edited by John 0.Roads Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series 86-17 August 1986 This is the limited first edition of the Namias Symposium published by the Experi- mental Climate Forecast Center of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 86-50752 The cover shows three favorite meteorological drawings of Namias. From top to bottom they represent, work on isentropic analysis, synoptic analysis and atmosphere-ocean interactions. CONTENTS AUTOBIOGRAPHY Jerome Namias ....................... 1 ECFC, CRG and CARS .................60 The Long Range Eye of Jerry Namias Joseph Smagorinsky .....................63 A Method Pioneered by Jerome Namias: Isentropic Analysis and its Aftergrowth Arnt Eliassen ........................70 Residence times and Other Time-Scales Associated with Norwegian Air Mass Ideas Dave Fultz .........................82 Global Circulation to Frontal Scale Implications of the "Confluence Theory of the High Tropospheric Jet Stream Chester W. Newton .................... 103 Surface-Atmosphere Interactions over the Continents: The Namias Influence John E. Walsh ...................... 121 The Influence of Soil Moisture on Circulations over North America on Short Time Scales Richard A. Anthes and Ying-Hwa Kuo ............ 132 Some SST Anomalies I Have Known, Thanks to J. Namias Robert L. Haney ..................... 148 The Characteristic of Sea Level Pressure and Sea Surface Temperature During the Development of a Warm Event in the Southern Oscillations Harry van Loon ...................... 160 Expressing Uncertainty in Long Range Forecasts Donald L. Gilman ..................... 174 The Index Cycle is Alive and Well Edward N. Lorenz ..................... 188 Certificate of Achievement Alan D. Hecht .....................
    [Show full text]
  • 1780–2017 25
    B Babai, László (1950-) Babcock, Horace Welcome (1912-2003) Backlund, Jons Oskar (1846-1916) Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 1914, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Mount Wilson and Affiliation at election: Pulkovo Chicago Palomar Observatories Observatory Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Astronomer; Research Russia Theoretical computer scientist; Educator institution administrator Career description: Astronomer; Current affiliation: Same Observatory administrator Babior, Bernard Macy (1935-2004) Election: 1999, Fellow Backus, George Edward (1930-) Affiliation at election: Scripps Research Election: 1962, Fellow Institute Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: La Jolla, CA California, San Diego Career description: Biochemist; Physician; Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Educator; Research institution Career description: Geophysicist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Bach, George Leland (1915-1994) Backus, John (1924-2007) Election: 1962, Fellow Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institute Affiliation at election: IBM T. J. Watson of Technology Research Center Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Residence at election: San Jose, CA Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Computer scientist; Charles Babbage, elected 1832, FHM. Image Company research institution staff donated
    [Show full text]
  • University of Copenhagen, and His Efforts in Re- Establishing Sorö Academy As a Modern Centre of Higher Education
    Scandinavia, Economics in Sæther, Arild; Sandelin, Bo; Kærgård, Niels Publication date: 2006 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Sæther, A., Sandelin, B., & Kærgård, N. (2006). Scandinavia, Economics in. http://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace/handle/2077/2717 Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Scandinavia, Economics in Niels Kærgård ([email protected]), Bo Sandelin ([email protected]) and Arild Sæther ([email protected]) Abstract: Scandinavia includes in a narrow sense Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which have similar languages and have strongly influenced one another. Nevertheless, it is possible to distinguish different histories of learning. Danish economists made early contributions to neoclassical distribution theory, econometric analysis and multiplier theory. Like most economists from small-language communities they understood the major European languages but wrote in their domestic languages, which delayed international knowledge about their contributions. In Norway Ragnar Frisch revolutionized economics in the 1930s, but met opposition from colleagues. Swedish economics flourished in the early 20th century with Knut Wicksell and Gustav Cassel and later with the Stockholm School. In recent decades national traits have largely disappeared. Keywords: Oslo School, Stockholm School, history of economics JEL-Code: B00 14 pages, September 15, 2006 *********** Forthcoming: This article is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been reviewed or edited. The definitive published version of this extract may be found in the complete New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics in print and online (forthcoming). Scandinavia, Economics in Scandinavia includes in a narrow sense Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The three countries have very similar languages and have influenced each other, but it is possible to distinguish separate histories of learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Norway's One Hundred Years of Independence Struggle
    ௐ 1 ഇ! ࢱ 271-94! 2021 ѐ/ߋ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 17 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 271-94 Spring 2021 挪威的百年獨立努力 ߉ϒዡ ර̂ጯϔ୉ְચၱ൴णጯրି଱ڌ ၡ ࢋ ።ΫࡦഀĂତ඾ᑭෛӵд̜౪۞ރԧࣇА૟ԧࣇА૟ᖎಏаᜪॗ ග༄׏Ă൒ރтңҋ఍ĂГֽ҂၅тң̜౪౷ឰॗރᄃ༄׏̝ม۞ॗ ፾ϲĄ۞ރдೡࢗॗޢĂ౵ڡ̶۞ڱछӀৈ࠻઼ٺଣտ̰ొ၆҃ ă̜౪ă༄׏ă፾ϲރᙯᔣෟĈॗ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2021/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 17 272 壹、前言 дჯִॡ΃Ğ793-1066ğĂࣧώҌ͌ѣ 20 ࣎̈ͳ઼Ğpetty kingdomğĂރॗ ጀݣٛႬĞHarald Fairhair, 872-930ğ௚˘Ҙొă̈́ܛזጼ̙̏Ăۡفѩك ͵˟ͳ઼ĞKingdom of Norway, 872-1397ğĄдȈރϲॗޙঔг૲Ăڻݑొ ϤޢౝˢѺѐ̰ጼĞ1130-1240ğĂ౵ރĂॗܒฯă࠹้̢ۋѩكࡔ̚Ăிͳ ݣ૵α͵ĞHaakon IV of Norway, 1217-53ğ౼΍˘௚͇˭Ąҋଂ̚͵ࡔฟؕĂ ӵд̜౪ᄃ༄׏̝มĂᄃ༄׏ăͽ̜̈́౪۬ᜇ̙୻Ă̶̶ЪЪ1ĂٺϤރॗ ᄃ༄׏В͹Ğjointޘˬд።Ϋഅགྷރ౪ă̈́༄׏Ąॗ̜ٺڇҊޢА ˞זmonarchyğĂ݈׌Ѩ2Ğ1319-43, 1449-50ğߏࠎ˞၆ԩВТᇲˠ̜౪Ă ᑓྃҋ̎д 1809ֽރௐˬѨĞ1814-1905ğ݋ߏ༄׏࿀૓Ăݓᗞྫྷ̜౪ૻ৶ॗ ѐεΝ܆ᜋ̝൭Ą ڇᄃ̜౪ඕЪĂԛё˯ჯ޺ͳ઼ă၁ኳ˯Ҋރд 1397-1814 ѐมĂॗ ѐ 1 ͡ 14 ͟జ࢝ᘪࢎ 1814 ٺĞ1803-15ğརୀĂۋ౪Ą̜౪дो৔૬ጼ̜ טˠ١඗జ኱Ăރග༄׏ĄॗރĺૄႬ୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Kiel, 1814ğ౷ឰॗ ο௲ᗓ̜౪፾ϲĂ୊ᄃ༄ކĻĞEidsvoll Constitution, 1814ğăڱጳރࢎĺॗ ,Ăᗕ͞௣տд 8 ͡ 14 ͟ᘪࢎઃጼĺం೻׶ࡗĻĞConvention of Mossۋ׏णฟጼ ,Тຍ࣒ጳତৼ༄׏ͳΙႬȈˬ͵ĞCharles XIII of Swedenރ1814ğĂॗ ᓑЪͳ઼ķĞUnited Kingdoms ofރ1809-18ğࠎВ͹Ă˵ಶߏĶ༄׏׶ॗ ķރSweden and Norway, Twin Kingdoms, 1814-1905ğĂᖎჍĶ༄׏ॗ Ҷ̶ᗓĂѺ̳ؖԸ፾ކᛉົͯࢬރѐĂॗ 1905 זۡ˘ĞSweden-NorwayğĄ ၁ĄְצϲĂ༄׏జ࢝ତ ,д 1397 ѐྫྷ̜౪ă̈́༄׏ඕЪࠎĶΙႬ੺ᓑ༖3ķĞKalmar Unionރॗ 1 ֍ჯૄѺࡊĞ2019ĈॗރӖ͹ЕܑğĄ д 1319 ѐĂݣ૵̣͵ĞHaakon V of Norway, 1299-1319ğѪ˸൑๠Ăࣣజଯࠎ༄׏઼ͳ੺ 2 ॾӅ೻α͵ĞMagnus IV of Sweden, 1319-64ğ۞γगତҜࠎ੺ॾӅ೻˛͵ĞMagnus VII of ͳĞHaakon VI of Norway, 1343-80ğă˵ߏ༄׏઼઼ރNorway, 1319-43ğćݣ૵̱͵ߊߏॗ ,ߊߏ༄׏઼ͳΙႬˣ͵ĞCharles VIII of SwedenڗͳĞ1362-64ğĄТᇹгĂΙႬ•ҹӅপ 1448-57ă1464-65ă1467-70ğă˫ߏॗރ઼ͳΙႬ˘͵ĞCharles I of Norway, 1449-50ğĄ ᘲཏफĞFaroe IslandsğăᔁᇇᜋཏफĞShetlandğă̈́๸ҹκڱΒӣДफăॾ౗ᜋăރॗ
    [Show full text]
  • Immigrant in America Reel Listing 1
    Immigrant in America Reel Listing Aagardd, G. (Gustav), 1852. Belsheim, G. G. Staerke haender. Secret Societies. Minneapolis, Folkebladet. 1900 Mason City, Iowa, [Trinity Lutheran Church]. 1910 Reel: 1, No. 1 Reel: 2, No. 12 Ager, Waldemar, 1869-1941. Beretning om det 18de ordentlige synodemøde. Gamlelandets sønner: fjerde tusen. Decorah, Iowa, Den Norske Synodes Forlag. 1904 Oslo, H. Aschehoug & Co. 1926 Reel: 2, No. 13 Reel: 1, No. 2 Bergh, J. A. (Johan Arndt), 1847. Ager, Waldemar, 1869-1941. Den norsk lutherske kirkes historie i Amerika. I Strømmen. Minneapolis, Minn., the author. 1914 Eau Claire, Wis., Fremad Publishing Co. 1908 printed by Augsburg Publishing House. illustreret af B. Blessum. 2. udg. Reel: 2, No. 14 Reel: 1, No. 3 Bergsland, H. H. Ager, Waldemar, 1869-1941. Gjensvar til pastor Melands "redegjørelse" osv. Kristus for pilatus: en norsk-amerikansk Minnesota, Hauges Synodes Trykkeri. 1895 Fortaelling. Reel: 2, No. 15 Eau Claire, Wis., Fremad Publ. Co. 1910 Reel: 1, No. 4 Biørn, L. M. (Ludvig Marinus), 1835-1908. Pastor P. A. Rasmussen. Alterbog: til brug ved den offentlige Gudstjeneste og Minneapolis, Augsburg Publishing House Trykkeri. de Kirkelige handlinger for Synoden for den 1905 norskev.-luth. kirke i Amerika. Reel: 2, No. 16 Decorah, Iowa, Lutheran Publishing House. 1901 Reel: 1, No. 5 Birkeland, Knut B. (Knut Bergesen), 1857-1925. Brydninger i den Forenede Kirke. Anderson, R. (Rasmus), 1848-1930. Minneapolis, C. Rasmussen's Bogtrykkeri. 1892 Pastor Claus Laurits Clausen. Reel: 2, No. 17 New York, Faas hos Forfatteren, vor Frelsers Danske ev. luth. Kirke. Birkeland, Knut B. (Knut Bergesen), 1857-1925. Kirkehistorisk Bidrag ved R.
    [Show full text]