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Höghastighetståg – Är Det Framtiden?

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Höghastighetståg – Är Det Framtiden? HÖGHASTIGHETSTÅG – ÄR DET FRAMTIDEN? Jacob Rommel 2012-05-28 Jacob Rommel 2012-05-28 Innehållsförteckning Sammanfattning ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Bakgrund ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Syfte ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Metod ................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Avgränsningar .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Definitioner........................................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.1 Höghastighetståg ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.2 Snabbtåg ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.3 Maglevtåg ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.4 Höghastighetsbana ..................................................................................................................... 5 2 Höghastighetståg idag .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Japan .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Frankrike ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.1 Internationella TGV-linjer ..................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Spanien ........................................................................................................................................ 12 2.4 Kina .............................................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.1 Bakslag för de kinesiska höghastighetstågen ....................................................................... 15 2.4.2 Shanghais Maglevtåg ............................................................................................................ 16 3 Dagens svenska järnvägar och tåg...................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Svensk järnvägshistoria ............................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Dagens svenska järnvägar ........................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Kapacitet ............................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Dagens svenska tåg ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 X2000 (SJ 2000) .................................................................................................................... 24 4 Existerande förslag över framtida tåg i Sverige .................................................................................. 25 4.1 Gröna Tåget ................................................................................................................................. 25 4.2 Europabanan och Götalandsbanan ............................................................................................. 29 4.2.1 Infrastruktur ......................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.2 Restider................................................................................................................................. 32 4.2.3 Effekter på transportmarknaden .......................................................................................... 33 4.2.4 Investeringskostnad ............................................................................................................. 35 4.2.5 Samhällsekonomiska analyser .............................................................................................. 37 5 Analys av Sveriges framtida tåg och järnvägsnät ............................................................................... 37 1 Jacob Rommel 2012-05-28 5.1 Förutsättningar för höghastighetståg i Sverige ........................................................................... 39 5.1.1 Flygkonkurrens ..................................................................................................................... 40 5.1.2 Ändpunktsmarknaderna ....................................................................................................... 40 5.1.3 Mellanmarknaderna ............................................................................................................. 43 5.1.4 Efterfrågan godstrafik ........................................................................................................... 45 5.2 En internationell jämförelse ........................................................................................................ 45 5.3 Andra alternativ än höghastighetsbanor..................................................................................... 46 5.3.1 Upprustning av stambanorna ............................................................................................... 46 6 Sammanfattande Förslag ................................................................................................................... 47 6.1 Infrastruktur ................................................................................................................................ 47 6.2 Tågen ........................................................................................................................................... 47 6.3 Trafikering ................................................................................................................................... 48 7 Slutsats ............................................................................................................................................... 48 8 Referenser .......................................................................................................................................... 49 8.1 Litteratur ...................................................................................................................................... 49 8.2 Muntliga Källor ............................................................................................................................ 49 8.3 Föreläsningar ............................................................................................................................... 49 8.4 Internet ........................................................................................................................................ 49 8.5 Bilder ........................................................................................................................................... 51 2 Jacob Rommel 2012-05-28 Sammanfattning Höghastighetsbanor är en typ av järnväg som genom främst större kurvradier tillåter tåg att komma upp i högre hastigheter. Under 1980-talet beslutade Sverige att inte satsa på höghastighetsbanor utan istället försöka höja hastigheten på det redan existerande järnvägsnätet. Det hela resulterade i att Sverige år 1990 lanserade landets första snabbtåg, X2000. Nu står Sverige återigen inför beslutet om höghastighetsbanor ska byggas eller om resurser ska satsas på någon annan lösning. Några av de länder som har ett väl utbyggt höghastighetsnät är Japan, Frankrike, Spanien och Kina. Japan var det första landet att anlägga höghastighetsbanor. Frankrike var först i Europa och är det landet som idag innehar hastighetsrekordet för tåg på räls. Spanien har satsat mycket på höghastighetsbanor under 00-talet och är det land som har det längsta höghastighetsnätet i Europa. I Kina görs för närvarande de största satsningarna på nya banor. Av de förslag som finns om nya tåg och järnvägar i Sverige är Europa- och Götalandsbanan och Gröna Tåget två av de viktigaste. Europa- och Götalandsbanan är ett planerat höghastighetsnät som är tänkt att gå mellan Stockholm- Jönköping-Göteborg och (Stockholm)-Jönköping-Köpenhamn-Hamburg. Banan kommer ge restider på två timmar mellan Stockholm och Göteborg och ungefär två och en halv timme mellan Stockholm och Köpenhamn. Gröna Tåget är ett projekt som bland annat planerar att höja hastigheten på de redan existerande banorna i landet. Med hjälp av hastighetshöjningen skulle restiden mellan Stockholm och Göteborg minska med 15 minuter och restiden mellan Stockholm och Malmö skulle kunna minska med 25 minuter. Dagens svenska järnvägsnät är föråldrat och det råder även kapacitetsbrist på många delsträckor. Eftersom att tågresandet väntas öka kommer kapacitetsproblemen att bli än större. Stora investeringar måste därför ske i järnvägsnätet.
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