FosteringC Businesshina and Cultural HarmonyInsight between and the U.S. VOL. 10 NO. 9 www.chinainsight.info October 2011 Chinese American Veterans of WWII, Chinese Minnesotans of Note, 2011 By Chinese Heritage Foundation Friends y the time the United States was stationed in China. entered World War II in 1941, Another family that sent three of its Bthe Chinese population in the sons into service was the Wen Wong fam- country stood at 78,000. Eager to show ily. William (ROTC), Thomas (Navy), their allegiance to their adopted country, and Robert (Army) all discharged their nearly 20 percent of Chinese adult males duties honorably. Two other Wongs, enlisted or were drafted into the U.S. from the same home village in China, also armed forces. The enlistment average served: Albert and Alexander. for the general population was 8.6 per- Walter Hong, brother of veteran Hol- Superman is coming to China cent. Despite the still existing Chinese lywood actor James Hong, graduated Exclusion Act, Chinese Americans found from Pillsbury Military Academy in Owa- Page 9 themselves being promoted as friends on tonna and enrolled in the Army, serving government-issued posters and propa- as a general’s aide in China. ganda materials.1 Archie Hum (l) with fellow serviceman at company Many China-born sons of Chinese In Minnesota the adult sons of Chi- headquarters in Manila in 1945 Americans also served. Fred Wong had nese immigrants followed the national training for the imminent invasion of only been in this country for six years trend. Many enrolled for training at the War that was called off only after atomic bombs when he enlisted in the Army at age 18. Department’s Military Intelligence Service were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Alone in this country with a father who was Language School at Camp Savage and later His older brother, Fred, was serving in the working constantly, he had felt adrift and at Fort Snelling. Others enlisted in different Army in North Africa at the time. Another homeless. But the Army made him feel he branches of the Armed Forces. Archie Hum older brother, Albert, had enlisted in the Air belonged, and he enjoyed the camaraderie served in the infantry in the Philippines, Force, becoming a bombardier in a B29, and Veterans continues on Page 5 China sticks to peaceful development Teaching Chinese teachers: Editor's note: The Information Office of make more contribution[s] to the progress of world, making major contribution[s] to the Jan Kittok the State Council issued a white paper on human civilization. China will unswervingly progress of human civilization. Page 6 China's peaceful development on Sept. 6, follow the path of peaceful development. In the mid-19th century, Western powers 2011. Following is the full text: forced open China's door with gunboats. Internal turmoil and foreign aggression ituated in the East, China, a coun- I. The Path of China's Peaceful gradually turned China into a semi-colonial try with an ancient civilization Development: What It Is About and semi-feudal society. The country and a population of more than Over the past 5,000 years, people of all S became poor and weak, and the people 1.3 billion, is making big strides in its ad- ethnic groups in China, with diligence and suffered from wars and chaos. Facing im- vance toward modernization. What path of wisdom, have created a splendid civilization minent danger of national subjugation, one development has China chosen? What will and built a unified multi-ethnic country. The generation of patriots China's development after another fought bring to the rest of hard to find a way to the world? These is- reform and save the sues are the focus of nation. The Revolu- the whole world. tion of 1911 put an China has de- end to the system clared to the rest of of monarchy which the world on many had ruled China for occasions that it several thousand takes a path of peace- years, and inspired ful development and the Chinese people to Gastronomic Tour is committed to up- struggle for indepen- holding world peace Page 8 dence and prosper- and promoting com- ity. However, such mon development efforts and struggle and prosperity for ALSO IN THIS ISSUE failed to change the all countries. At the nature of China as beginning of the sec- Announcements...... 2 a semi-colonial and ond decade of the Events...... 3 semi-feudal society, 21st century and on A container port in , eastern China’s Shandong province. China has become the or lift the Chinese Education...... 4 the occasion of the world’s second-largest economy. people out of mis- Community...... 5 90th anniversary of Yu Fangping / For China Daily ery. Living up to the Arts...... 6 the founding of the people's expectation, the CPC led them in Culture...... 8-9 Communist Party of China (CPC), China Chinese civilization has a unique feature carrying out arduous struggle, and finally Government...... 10-14 declared solemnly again to the world that of being enduring, inclusive and open. The founded the People's Republic of China peaceful development is a strategic choice Chinese nation has endeavored to learn from Business...... 15 made by China to realize modernization, [to] other nations and improved itself through Peaceful Development continues on Celebration...... 16 make itself strong and prosperous, and [to] centuries of interactions with the rest of the Page 10 PAGE 2 > OCTOBER 2011 announcements www.chinainsight.info ChinaInsight Publisher: Gregory J. Hugh [email protected]

Minority Enterprise Development Week, 2011 Editor: Jennifer Nordin BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [email protected]

A PROCLAMATION Manager of Operations/ Our Nation is guided by the simple promise that no matter our origins, we can provide a better life for our children. We have long Circulation: believed in a fair America, where, with hard work and determination, anyone can succeed. Our story has been written by genera- Richard He tions who have put their shoulders to the wheel of history to move our country forward. [email protected]

Today, this legacy continues. Our strength comes from individuals from all walks of life, and of every race and creed. Minority- Marketing Director: owned businesses are engines of job creation and backbones of communities across America -- from Main Street to Wall Street, and from country markets to Silicon Valley. They are on the cutting edge of development, and are strong competitors at home and Will Ahern abroad. Small businesses, including minority-owned enterprises, are where most new jobs begin. To recover from this economic [email protected] crisis and improve our competitiveness, we must help these job creators hire, grow, and revitalize our economy. Production Editor: My Administration is working to make this growth a reality. Our Start-up America initiative connects established private sector Dawn Murphy mentors to entrepreneurs, helping accelerate innovation through coordination. Last year, I signed the Small Business Jobs Act, [email protected] providing billions of dollars in lending support and tax cuts for small businesses. The Federal Government is also the Nation's largest purchaser of goods and services, and every Federal agency is taking aggressive steps to improve contracting with small Artist/Intern: businesses, including minority-owned firms. Lauren Hugh Even in challenging times, American entrepreneurs consistently respond to adversity with brighter ideas, more ambitious in- novations, and smarter technology than the world has ever seen. These businesses create jobs and support our communities. As a Staff Writers: Nation, we must continue to remove barriers to these opportunities, and ensure they remain open to all Americans. Greg Hugh [email protected] The task of making America more competitive is a job for everyone. To build an economy that lasts, we must all work to create the well-paying jobs that will sustain us. During Minority Enterprise Development Week, we honor minority enterprises as vital Elizabeth Greenberg to our economic success, and recommit to ensuring minority business owners have the information, tools, and resources they [email protected] need to help America win the future. Anthony James NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in [email protected] me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim September 25, 2011, through October 1, 2011, as Minority Enterprise Development Week. I call upon all Americans to celebrate this week with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities to recognize the many contributions of our Nation's diverse enterprises. Albert Leung [email protected] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of September, in the year of our Lord two thousand eleven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-sixth. Jennifer Nordin [email protected] BARACK OBAMA Jodi Yim James [email protected]

Mike Xiong [email protected]

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Editor, ChinaInsight 6520 South Bay Drive ChinaInsight Insight Minnetrista, MN 55331 Tel: 952-472-4757 SUBSCRIPTION ORDER FORM Guaranteed Fax: 952 472-6665 10 issues - $24 for a domestic subscription and $40 for [email protected] international. YES you could run to the Letters to the Editor become the property store and pick up a copy, of ChinaInsight and may be edited for Please make check payable to ChinaInsight, 6520 South but did you know you can length and published. Articles will not be Bay Drive, Minnetrista, MN 55331 published without the express consent of have ChinaInsight delivered the author. Name______directly to your mailbox? Address______NOTICE TO READERS: The views A subscription costs a epressed in articles are the author’s and City/State/Zip______mere $24 and brings a full not neccesarily those of ChinaInsight. Phone______Authors may have a business relationship year (10 issues) of new with the companies or businesses they Email______understanding about today’s discuss. Company______China, from language to Copyright 2011 ChinaInsight, Inc. Title______business opportunities. All Rights Reserved. www.chinainsight.info events OCTOBER 2011 > PAGE 3 Power|Play: China's Empress Dowager From the 1860s until her death, the which form the basis of this exhibition. Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908) was Though dismissed as emblems of Cixi’s the dominant political figure of China's vanity and the Qing dynasty’s extrava- Qing dynasty (1644–1911), acting as regent gance, the photographs became an endur- to two successive emperors. During her ing symbol of the dying reign and helped reign, the Qing court came to be regarded form the “dragon lady” persona seen in as conservative, corrupt, and incompetent. films throughout the twentieth century. But The situation worsened after the Boxer closer examination of the photographs re- Rebellion of 1900, when Cixi was accused veals many of them were crafted as part of of encouraging the killing of foreigners and a strategic diplomatic and public relations Chinese Christians. Her reputation plum- campaign. Analysis of carefully placed sym- meted in China and worldwide. bols found within these images has provided In response, the Qing court initiated new insight into the Qing court culture, as measures to improve the Empress Dowa- well as the Empress Dowager’s public and ger’s image. Along with inviting foreign private life. visitors to receptions at the palace, these ef- This exhibition has received support forts included arranging for a series of pho- from the Lodestar Fund and generous in- tographic portraits of Cixi, some of which dividuals. were presented as diplomatic gifts. Taken Power|Play: China's Empress Dowager Detail, The Empress Dowager Cixi; China, Smithsonian Institution’s Museums of Asian by a young photographer named Xunling will be at the Freer Gallery of Art September Art in Washington, DC. Qing dynasty, 1903-1904; Glass plate (ca. 1880–1943) between 1903 and 1904, 24, 2011–January 29, 2012. negative; SC-GR 254. The Freer and Sackler Galleries are the series comprises the only surviving Power|Play will be closed to the public open 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. every day except Part of the Power|Play exhibit at the photographs of the Empress Dowager. The on Wednesday, October 26, from 11-1pm Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art in December 25. Admission is free. Freer|Sackler Archives contains thirty-six for filming. For more information, visit Washington, DC of Xunling’s original glass-plate negatives, The Freer and Sackler Galleries are the www.asia.si.edu.  Chinese orphanage staff Secretary Napolitano announces the receive therapy training in launch of Study in the States Encouraging the best and brightest foreign students to study the Twin Cities and remain in the U.S. Red Thread Charities, a Minnesota char- of music and movement, and how to count WASHINGTON— Secretary of Home- ies and apply their new skills here in our ity founded to improve the lives of children and recognize colors and shapes. Children land Security Janet Napolitano and Immi- country,” said ICE Director Morton. “We in China's orphanages, is hosting a delega- with behavior problems can be treated with gration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) aim to strike a balance—providing an open tion of six staff people from the Hangzhou therapy that reduces their overactive reac- Director John Morton [on Sept. 16] an- and welcoming experience for international Childrens' Welfare Institute (HCWI), one of tion to sensory stimuli, and their behavior nounced a new initiative to streamline the students and visitors seeking information, the largest orphanages in Zhejiang Province. will calm and improve. The right therapies international student visa process for foreign while maintaining the integrity and security "We are so excited to host these women," can give these children dignity and self- students seeking to study in the United of our visa process. This site is an important said Qiuxia Hu Welch, Executive Director sufficiency, and make it easier to take care States. The Study in the States initiative step toward reaching that goal.” of Red Thread Charities (also called RTC). of them." is a key component of a government-wide The Study in the States initiative builds "They are very dedicated to the children The six women who are in the Twin effort to encourage the best and brightest upon other new policies that embrace tal- who are in the care of the HCWI, and want Cities under Red Thread Charities' sponsor- foreign students to study and remain in the ented students from other countries, who very much to learn more about how to treat ship have been given training at HCWI by United States. enrich the nation by working in science and the special needs that most of the children RTC's experts. There, they learned basic “Attracting the best and brightest inter- technology jobs and fueling innovation in have." techniques of physical, occupational and national talent to our colleges and univer- their chosen fields here in the United States. Hu Welch explained that these days, special education therapies that they have sities is an important part of our nation’s Earlier this year, DHS announced an exten- healthy children who are available for put to good use. While in the Twin Cities, economic, scientific and technological inno- sion to science, technology, engineering adoption are placed with families in China they will refine their current skills and gain vation and competitiveness,” said Secretary and math (STEM) degrees for international and from many other countries quickly. new knowledge and skills. Napolitano. “Foreign students and exchange student studies, allowing graduates of a This means that the children who remain in "These women have done wonders for visitors bring invaluable contributions to our STEM degree to remain in the United States China's orphanages are often children who the children using the skills they have been nation, and the Study in the States initiative through Optional Practical Training (OPT) are more difficult to place into adoptive taught, and they are very eager to learn is an important step in empowering the next for up to 29 months after graduation. homes because they have a variety of special more, so that their work can be even more generation of international entrepreneurs, The Study in the States Web site will needs, such as physical deformities of the effective in helping the children," said Hu right here in America.” employ a variety of social media tools, legs, arms or hands, cerebral palsy, autism Welch. More than 1.1 million active nonim- featuring dynamic and interactive content, spectrum disorders or mental retardation. Visit Red Thread Charities online at migrant students and exchange visitors including: "Physical, occupational and special www.redthreadcharities.org to learn and their dependents study in our nation’s • Interactive and accessible information, education therapies used with great suc- more.  world class system of universities, exchange allowing prospective and current students to cess in Western countries are not available programs, and training opportunities. The visually navigate steps of the student visa to most people in China," said Hu Welch. Study in the States initiative will examine process on their own ‘Road Map to Success.’ "The basic needs of the children in China's regulatory changes, expand public engage- • Links to social media Web sites, such orphanages are met, but there is very lim- ment between the government and aca- as Facebook and Twitter, disseminating ited, if any, training available to the staff US-China Business demia, and provide a central on-line infor- relevant visa requirements and information for anything more than that. RTC believes mation hub for DHS and its agency partners to international students, exchange visitors, that if these children could receive accurate Connections presents to provide current and prospective students and the academic community. medical assessment and consistent physical, Dr. Peter J. Stark with updated and relevant visa requirements • A blog with posted videos, public occupational, and educational therapies, The UCBC July breakfast meeting in a streamlined, user-friendly format. service announcements, relevant news, re- many of them would be adoptable. At the will be held on Wednesday, Oct. 5, 2011 “Study in the States encourages inter- quirements, helpful tips and success stories. very least, the lives of the children would from 7:30 a.m. to 9 a.m. at McNamara national students who seek the wealth of For more information, visit be vastly improved." Center at Dunwoody College, 818 educational opportunities available in the http://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/  Hu Welch, who is a native of Chengdu Dunwoody Blvd., Minneapolis, Minn. U.S. to remain here following their stud- and has lived in the Twin Cities since 55403. 1996, gave these examples: "The immobile Dr. Peter J. Stark will present e-mail [email protected] or call and companies interested in developing muscles of a child with cerebral palsy can be “Navigating Chaos--Creating Effective Jim Smith at 612-865-6543 The cost is business relationships with China. The strengthened through physical therapy, and Relationships with Confucius & His US$25 per person (UCBC members and organization consists of entrepreneurs, the child can be taught to walk with braces. Capitalist Heirs.” Stark is an Assistant college students FREE). Parking is free who either already been doing business Children with physical deformities can be Professor at Augsburg College and in the student lot. in China or are looking for business op- taught ways to use special devices to walk, Managing Principal of Chaos Naviga- UCBC is a non-profit organiza- portunities in China, and all with vary- or to feed and clothe themselves Children tion, Inc. tion providing an educational and ing levels of knowledge and experience with developmental delays can learn the joy To make a reservation to attend, networking forum for entrepreneurs in China. www.ucbcgroup.org  PAGE 4 > OCTOBER 2011 education www.chinainsight.info Teaching Chinese Teachers: Jan Kittok By Jodi Yim James, Staff Writer Janice Holter Kittok has recently been story in Swedish with understanding and the World Languages Specialist at the Min- pronunciation. This is the “Ah ha” moment nesota Department of Education. She is in both China and the United States, she currently the Content Lead for World Lan- says. This demonstration also negates the guages in the Minneapolis Public Schools. idea that somehow Chinese teachers are Kittok has 30 years of experience as a K-12 different and the lesson is only for Western- teacher, college instructor, dean, and edu- ers. ALL teachers do well with the lesson, cational leader. She has won many profes- because our brains are all hard-wired for sional honors and awards. She also serves on language acquisition in the same way. The professional boards. Kittok holds Minnesota myth of who can learn a language from ei- K-12 Principal and Spanish Licenses. ther the West or the East is dispelled quickly. Kittok is a featured In our language teaching speaker in China in teacher professional development, development for teaching there needs to be a paradigm Chinese as Foreign Lan- shift from the past to what guage or CFL pedagogy. science tells us about the She has been working with brain and language acquisi- Great Teachers Make Great Schools teacher organizations and tion. Language can be used Come see for yourself. school districts on teacher in context, first at a very development for many years. simple level with stories, Fall Open House and Barbecue Her seminars are so suc- and then increasingly more cessful in China that she is advanced with complex sto- AM PM Saturday, October 29, 2011 | 9:00 - 12:00 invited back annually by ries. Grammar is introduced Preschool/Kindergarten Information Evening the Association of Chinese in a meaningful fashion and Mongolia International along the way. The brain will Monday, November 14, 2011 | 6:30 - 8:30 PM Schools. Recently I spoke notice the patterns. Teach the Grade 5 Information Evening with Kittok about her work Jan Kittok context, and then the rules. Tuesday, November 15, 2011 | 6:30 - 8:30 PM with language teachers in the When students have heard East and West. the stories they will not resist the rules. As Language teachers and teachers in teachers, we want language to be organized Call Admissions Director Scott Wade at 763.381.8200 for more information. general, mainly teach the way they were but it is not. It is messy and random and yet taught, Kittok shares. They also follow the the brain is wired for this, when set in stories curriculum they are given, which again may and with context. Breck School | 123 Ottawa Ave. N. | Minneapolis, MN 55422-5189 | www.breckschool.org follow tradition. Kittok has found this true In the case of teaching Chinese, the in both the East and West. The problem Chinese teachers teach about China from with this method of teaching is that tradi- the first lesson. The students get two for the tion isn’t necessarily the best methodology, price of one. They learn both the language nor does it follow brain research of the last and about Chinese culture at the same time. few decades. The beginning stories are quite simple, 和 CHARACTER STUDY: Kittok is interested in how the brain however they are both in Chinese AND acquires our first language and applying about Chinese culture. Slowly students build By Jodi Yim James, Staff Writer this research to how we teach and learn up a vocabulary in Chinese, listening and In China’s Olympics opening civilization or 和谐社会 (和谐 hé xié har- our second language. Most teachers do not speaking, then reading, and finally writing. ceremony the Hanzi character of 和, “hé”, monious, 社会 shè huì society). have a foundation in language acquisition. The Chinese teachers in China have told meaning harmony, was significantly a part The picture of the character 和 consists As a profession, we are held to how we Kittok that in the past they emphasized writ- of the beautiful eye-candy display. Indeed, of two parts or radicals: ‘mouth’ 口 kǒu and were taught; all subjects in schools do this. ing characters. However, today computer harmony is an important value of Chinese 禾 hé cereal or grain. The grain element of In language we think that rote memory, a usage in China is so prevalent that they are culture. This particular character also means the 和 character reveals that each person has grammar syllabus, and self-discipline lead emphasizing listening first, speaking sec- “and” so it is one of the first characters that food to eat; the ‘mouth’ 口 kǒu component to second language proficiency. ond, reading third, and writing last. As she students of the Chinese language learn. points toward everyone having their say. The tradition of painful and difficult reflected on this, she shares their viewpoint When world-renowned Chinese film direc- Understanding 和 (harmony) is un- memorization actually contradicts how the in teaching Western languages. Listening tor designed the 2008 opening ceremonies, derstanding both the history and future of brain acquires learning. Children learn their and speaking are definitely the most impor- surely he intended for 和 to figure promi- China. China rests on a history of seeking first language in a compelling, interesting, tant aspects even though we have tradition- nently. unity and harmony. Making sure everyone and comprehensible environment where ally required mainly written work for tests Based on Confucianism, Chinese culture has enough to eat and has a voice are both they are allowed to make mistakes. They and homework in our language classrooms. aims at building a harmonious society. At paramount in the quest for harmony in the learn from their parents and they all suc- We have assumed that only our best and times the Western way of dissent seems future.  ceed, getting better with time, and through brightest could learn Chinese. This is not so. counter-intuitive to having a harmonious lots of errors. We have felt strapped for time and money In contrast, errors can drive language in our schools. However, if a room full of Examples: 和 hé or harmony teachers nuts. However, if language teach- adults can learn a complete story in Swed- 和平 hé píng peace ers knew how the brain learns language, ish in a scant 1-2 hours, imagine what we they would facilitate language acquisition can do as language teachers when science 和好 hé hǎo bring together in a contextual, natural environment. As meets language teaching. This is her chal- the brain hears and understands, it seeks lenge and dream. 附和 fù hè echo, repeat in agreement patterns and naturally picks up the pattern “More students motivated by success to 和谈 hétán peace talks (grammar) in the context of a compre- learn new languages and study the world’s hensible story (which has meaning). In a cultures will lead to more respectful and 和牌 hè pái Winning hand (pái = cards) classroom, this is not all fun and games. It is peaceful communities within the United 搅和 jiǎo hé to stir (jiǎo = to disturb) repetitive comprehensible input, in context – States and throughout the world. Peace a story, that allows transference of grammar comes through understanding. World lan- 和蔼 hé ǎi nice (or pattern recognition). It is also taught at guage teachers are everyday peacemakers.” a pace where the student can learn, with as -JHK 和风 hé fēng breeze much repetition as needed. Jan Holter Kittok can be contacted by 和美 hé měi soothing In both China and the United States, phone at 612-201-2778; online at http:// Kittok demonstrates this by teaching a room www.educatorinservice.com, or by e-mail 和暖 hé nuǎn pleasantly warm climate full of language teachers a lesson in Swedish at [email protected].  和平 谈判 hé píng tán pàn peace negotiation conference (generally foreign to them). At the end of a 1-2 hour lesson (with pedagogical sidebars 和声 hé shēng musical harmony interspersed), the teachers can all read a full www.chinainsight.info community OCTOBER 2011 > PAGE 5 Chinese American Veterans of WWII, Chinese Minnesotans of Note, 2011 Continues from Page 1 Reflecting on his tour of duty, Archie, now 88 years old and one of the few surviving veterans, commented, ‘I was one of the luckiest guys in the world. I came out alive and was given a second chance in life. For everyone of us who was lucky, there was someone on the other side who was unlucky.’ Many of these Chi- nese American WWII Fred Wong (far left, front row) with other members of his veterans had attended company Sunday school at West- with his fellow soldiers as they completed minster Presbyterian their tour of duty in Okayama. Danny Church in Minneapolis before the war and Woo, son of a ‘paper son’, enlisted, as soon thus were listed on the bronze plaques as he was eligible, in the Navy and became honoring veterans at the church. Besides a storekeeper (a common assignment for some of the ones already mentioned, the Chinese enlistees) on board the battle cruiser list includes Bing Hum, Henry Lee, George U.S.S. Astoria in the Pacific. Another Sing Gee, Lim H. Wo, Harlan Wong, and young immigrant, Richard Hom, also en- Walter T. Wong. listed and served stateside in South Dakota. The Chinese Heritage Foundation hon- Philip Huei was drafted into the Army ors all these veterans for their dedication to and served in the Philippines. As befit the their country, bravery in face of danger, and Army’s then prevailing perception of Chi- diligence in pioneering new career paths for nese as good cooks, Philip was assigned themselves after the war. The Foundation kitchen duties, despite the fact that he knew plans to post more extensive profiles of them nothing about cooking. He served right be- (and additional ones if found) on its Web hind the front lines and his one bright spot site: www.chineseheritagefoundation.org, was the weekly letters he received from his and invites surviving veterans and families sister Oy. of all veterans to attend its open house After the war several of these veterans on October 16 during which they will be went on to college or technical institutes honored.  on the GI Bill, preparing themselves for 1 Chinese in Minnesota by Sherri Gebert- professional careers that would not have Fuller, Minnesota Historical Society Press been possible otherwise. The common Acknowledgement: Many thanks to Oy Huei 精彩一百 雙十國慶酒會暨舞會 war experiences also bound them to other Anderson for her tireless efforts in searching for student veterans, creating a brotherhood that and locating many of these veterans. Republic of China () transcended racial boundaries. Centennial National Day Celebration Chinese American elected National 〜〜 星光迎賓大道 〜〜 〜〜 豪華香檳晚宴 〜〜 一場高雅、莊嚴又歡樂的盛會！ 一個心靈、聽覺、視覺及味覺的饗宴！ Commander of American Legion Fang A. Wong of East Brunswick, N.J., Through his American Legion post in 時間Date & Time:十月八日(星期六), 下午五點開始 was elected national commander of The Chinatown, Wong helped direct relief ef- Saturday Oct. 8, 2011, from 5:00 p.m. American Legion on Sept. 1, 2011, during forts in the aftermath of 9/11. He has been the 93rd National Convention in Minne- a member of the Advisory Committee on 地點Location: Lakes Ballroom, North Oaks Golf Clubhouse apolis. Veterans Employment and Training and 54 East Oaks Road, North Oaks, MN 55127 Born in Canton, China, Wong immi- Employer Outreach of the Department of Tel: (651) 484-1635 grated to the United States as a 12-year-old Labor, and served as chairman of the Special in 1960. He attended New York City public Investigation Committee for the Chinese 服裝Attire: Formal 請穿著晚宴服 schools and became a naturalized citizen in Community Benevolent Association (NYC) 1963. Wong volunteered for the U.S. Army and the Office of the Attorney General, State 節目概要Program Highlight: in 1969, served 25 months in Vietnam, and of New York, in 2005. 星光迎賓大道(下午五點開始) 雞尾酒交誼(免費香檳及汽泡果汁) retired from the Army as a chief warrant In 2011, Wong retired from L-3 Com- 正式西餐晚宴(鮭魚、雞肉或素食) 精彩一百回顧及歡樂舞會 officer in 1989. munications, Command & Control Systems Wong earned a bachelor's degree in busi- and Software (C2S2) Division in support of 票價Ticket Price: $25/person 一律每位$25 (Check payable to: MCCSC) ness administration at New York Institute of the Army Software Engineering Center at 購票Ticket Purchase: By Oct. 2, 2011 即日起至10月2日止 Technology in 1978 and a master's degree Fort Monmouth, N.J., after 20 years. 蘇秉輝 Biing-Huei Su (Tel: 651-733-9827, e-mail: [email protected]) in management from Central Michigan Wong is married to the former Barbara 朱麗川 Livia Fan (Tel: 612-327-5582), e-mail: [email protected]) University in 1981. Lam. They have one son, Eric. Barbara is 蕭正則 David Hsiao (Tel: 612-548-1814, e-mail: [email protected]) Following his retirement from the Army, active with the American Legion Auxiliary Bravo Café & Bakery (106 Grand Ave., St. Paul, MN 55015) Wong joined Lt. B.R. Kimlau Chinese Me- and is a past district president for the Depart- morial Post 1291 in New York. A former na- ment of New York. Eric is a charter member 主辦單位: Organizer: tional vice commander and past department of Sons of The American Legion Squadron 慶祝中華民國建國一百年明州籌備委員會 Republic of China Centennial Celebration Commission of MN commander of New York, Wong has held 1291, Detachment of New York. 協辦單位: Sponsors: elected and appointed offices at the post, The national commander is the execu- 明州中華文化服務中心 Minnesota Chinese Cultural Services Center county, district, department and national tive head of The American Legion, with full 明州亞洲媒體中心 Asian Media Access levels of the Legion. Wong also served as power to enforce provisions of the Legion’s 明州華人學術聯誼會 Chinese American Academic & Professional Association in MN 明州榮光聯誼會 Minnesota Chinese Veterans Association a director of New York Empire Boys State constitution, bylaws and resolutions of the 明州中華民國同學會 Minnesota Chinese Student Association and as a member of the planning committee national convention, which meets each year 明州雙城中文學校 Twin Cities (CAAM) Chinese Language School for the creation of the New York American to govern the organization. Each national Legion College. He has served on several commander serves a one-year term, after 贊助單位: Donors: 中華民國僑務委員會 Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission of Republic of China national committees and commissions, in- which a new one is elected at the conven- 駐芝加哥臺北經濟文化辦事處 Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Chicago cluding a term as chairman of the Legion's tion; five national vice commanders are also 中國國民黨明州分部 KMT Minnesota Chapter National Security Commission. elected annually.  黃肇鑣博士夫婦 Dr. John Huang & Helen Huang PAGE 6 > OCTOBER 2011 arts www.chinainsight.info BOOK REVIEW Jamie Ford, Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet (New York: Ballantine Books, 2009). 290 p. ISBN 9780345505330

Reviewed by Raymond Lum This is a story that deserves to be told and in their shop windows stating “I am nese here, but one more kick to the Japanese No longer (as Ford might have said---or and retold many times and in numerous Chinese.” What short memories the Chinese who were creeping too fast across China. written). He also Romanizes Chinese words ways. in the United States have. Some people’s inability to distin- in an alternation of Cantonese and Manda- Here’s the gist: soon after Japan bombed The Chinese in the United States were guish Japanese from Chinese affected my rin. Henry would not have known Manda- Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roo- perceived, in the late 19th century, as un- Chinese-American family, but only twice rin, so the author’s use of “Chinshan [now sevelt signed Executive Order 9066 that civilizable heathens who took jobs away that I know of. In one instance, a Eurasian spelled Jinshan]” as the Cantonese name declared particular areas of the United from “real” Americans and were effectively cousin was in her backyard in a suburb of for America should have been recorded as States to be military zones, resulting in excluded from immigration to the United Los Angeles when her neighbor told her he “Gum Saan.” the removal of Japanese and Japanese- States from 1882 until 1943, when the did not want her living next door to him. “I The hotel of the title is the Panama Hotel Americans from the West Coast to so-called United States needed China’s support in fought you people in the war,” he told her, to in Seattle’s Little Japan, aka “Nihonmachi.” “relocation camps.” Most of the relocated its war with Japan. Although the Chinese which she replied, “You fought CHICAGO Many of the soon-to-be internees store their were American citizens, many of them born in America built the Transcontinental and in the war?” precious belongings in the hotel’s basement, in the United States. And the “relocation Union Pacific Railroads, although they Soon after Pearl Harbor, my China- and the hotel is boarded up and abandoned camps” were in fact prison camps in the developed California agriculture by con- born father was in Chicago’s Union Station for decades before a new owner finds all most austere surroundings. Indeed, some of structing levees that no one here had ever when two well-dressed, hatted, White men that stuff in the basement decades later, the camps consisted of nothing but barren seen before, although Chinese immigrant approached him. The exchange went some- allowing elderly Henry to begin his story. land and barbed wire. The internees, known Lue Gim Gong developed the cold-resistant thing like this: Such things have happened, but they really euphemistically as “evacuees,” had to build orange that made Florida the center for First Hat: Show me your passport. happened and were not invented to create a their own prisons. citrus-growing in America, and although a Father: Show me YOUR passport. long story that gets increasingly unbeliev- The shameful way the U.S. government Mr. Bing, immigrant from China, reportedly First Hat: I don’t have to show you my able and boring. treated its residents and citizens of Japanese developed the now-popular bing cherry, all passport. I’m an American. Parts of this novel are both charming origin was matched only by the glee and were Yellow, a peril to hard-working Whites Father: I don’t have to show you my and captivating, such as some of the scenes support of the Chinese in the United States. who also immigrated from poor places passport. I’m an American. where Henry interacts with Keiko and her Because of Japan’s 20th century history of like Ireland and wanted the menial jobs Second Hat: Prove you’re an American. family. Other parts, such as Henry’s meeting atrocities in China as the Japanese govern- the Chinese were willing to do. Anti-Irish; Father: Prove YOU’RE an American. and accepting his son’s non-Chinese fiancé, ment and its military (not its people) at- anti-Catholic; anti-Black; anti-Democrats, And father walked away contented. But who is a wonder at cooking Chinese food, tempted to annex China in parts, the Chinese anti-slavery, pro-slavery: whatever, the he never got over his own animosity towards is forced. Too many issues are hinted at but here long harbored acute animosity toward United States had a long history of clas- the Japanese, railing at me for years for buy- not sufficiently probed, such as racism, the the Japanese, whether they be in Japan, sifying and then excluding people. And so ing a Toyota (“The Japanese use your money generation gap, school bullying, language occupying China, or eking out a living for did the Chinese. to buy bullets to kill Chinese.”) and a Sony use, education, Chinese customs, life in their families in the United States as loyal Chinese and Japanese: they all look alike Walkman. He had departed from China as Chinatowns. Readers not familiar with Americans. The animosity of the Chinese to some people. And thus, during WWII, the Japanese army moved into Canton, his those issues might either be bewildered or towards the Japanese knew no bounds, and when our Japanese-American citizens were last memory of his home. But he did not simply gloss over them. Jamie Ford knows after the attack on Pearl Harbor the Chinese being rounded up for removal to prison have a problem my Japanese and Japanese- what Jamie Ford knows, but others do not wore badges or posted signs on their homes camps, their incarceration was, to the Chi- American friends. necessarily share his insights. Jaime Ford, the author of this book, is Conversely, readers who do not have the great-grandson of an immigrant from memories of events and histories that the China who adopted the surname Ford. The author and I share might have an entirely novel is based loosely on the life of his own fresh take on the book and its story and ap- father in Washington state. preciate it on a completely different level. This novel is a bit contrived: boy meets The Japanese-Americans were not as girl, boy loses girl, boy maybe gets girl back passive and accepting of “evacuation” as (read the book and find out for yourself). Ford presents them. The story of the intern- There are too many contrivances, such as: ment of the Japanese-Americans is well told *the main character is a 12-year old in Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston’s Farewell to Chinese boy whose parents send him to an Manzanar: a True Story of Japanese Ameri- all-White school so he will become Ameri- can Experience During and After the World can, and where he is bullied. His father, who War (1973), an historical treatment; and in does not know English, tells him to speak John Okada’s No-No Boy (1976), a novel only English from now on. Even his mother about male internees who refused to both does not speak English; join the U.S. military and take an oath of al- *when the boy, Henry, turns 13, his legiance to the United States, a requirement parents intend to send him to China to be of no other ethnic group in the United States. educated in a language they refused to let And then there was the highly-decorated him speak at home so that he would become 442nd Regimental Combat Team of the U.S. American; now he has to become Chinese; Army, comprised completely of Japanese- *Japan bombs Pearl Harbor and the Americans. Japanese, including Henry’s American-born The history is very complex but is only high-school Japanese girlfriend, Keiko, are suggested by this book.  sent to internment camps; *with the help of his friend Sheldon, Raymond Lum is a Black street musician, Henry manages Librarian for West- to infiltrate Keiko’s internment camp and ern Languages in the spend the night with her family. Harvard-Yenching Throughout the story, what is lost is Library, Harvard found, what is found is lost. The story is University. In 2004, told in 1986 when Henry is a widower he was a recipient with a college-age son who has a White of the Harvard Col- fiancé, and in flashbacks to 1942. Henry lege Library’s Carol alternates, annoyingly, between speaking Ishimoto Award for Outstanding Service. perfect American English and FOB (Fresh The award had been established by his Off the Boat) English. And the novel itself library colleague, Carol Ishimoto, with reads sometimes as a book for children and reparations paid to her and other former at other times as one for adults. Japanese-American internees in 1988 Ford writes in social network English: by the U.S. government as recompense broken sentences, statements without begin- for their being interned. Carol’s family nings or ends. There used to be a distinction had been assigned to a horse stall at the between how one spoke and how one wrote. 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617608_02976 10x15 bw.indd 1 8/31/11 3:22 PM PAGE 8 > OCTOBER 2011 culture www.chinainsight.info

to pickle food with salt to preserve it. Spice cuisine is sweet. was then added to increase its delicacy. The two adjoining provinces have Gastronomic Tour Another explanation for the local food's formed China's most prosperous and richest By China Today staff reporter Zhang Xueying spicy nature is that pungent seasoning area since ancient times, and have long at- helped cover strong smells. Beef and mut- tracted wealthy merchants and scholars. The hinese cuisine is renowned for its so the boss of a local family teahouse made ton have long been a major part of Chinese climate is mild and humid, and numerous eight major distinctive styles: the use of these readily available ingredients. He people's diets, so strong seasoning was rivers ensure there are plentiful ingredients Ccuisines of Shandong, Zhejiang took fresh shrimp meat as stuffing and high- commonly used to remove the odors pro- available. and Jiangsu in eastern China; Anhui and quality glutinous rice flour as a wrapper, and duced by these meats. With the evolution Songhelou Restaurant on 's Hunan in central China; Sichuan in western made delicious shrimp dumplings. The dish of agriculture and poultry breeding, the im- Shantang Street is the best place to enjoy China; and Fujian and Cantonese cooking was so popular he couldn't meet demand. portance of covering unpleasant aromas has Jiangsu cuisine, and Louwailou Restaurant in southern China. Each style has anything Over time shrimp dumplings have become faded. Sichuan's damp climate remains an near Hangzhou's West Lake is best for Zheji- from dozens to hundreds of delicacies de- one of the most representative snacks in issue however. Gastronomists believe eating ang cuisine. Both Zhejiang and Jiangsu cui- veloped over many centuries. teahouses. chili can help drive away the "chillness and sines place great emphasis on offering diners Differences in climate, environment and While fresh shrimp meat is undoubtedly moisture" that characterizes the local air by a pleasing environment in which to eat, but ingredients mean each city makes distinctive the major selling point of this dish, the qual- accelerating blood circulation and warding elegant scenes are hard to find these days in dishes based on a traditional menu, ranging ity of the wrapper should not be overlooked. off damp vapors. Spice also stimulates one's the busy urban districts of Hangzhou. Even from West Lake fish in vinegar gravy and Unlike dumplings in northern China that system, making it an "effective medicine to the time-honored Songhelou Restaurant is fried shrimps with Longjing tea in Zhejiang, use flour, the outside of shrimp dumplings cure depression" in a province where win- now surrounded by the bustle and noise to and in Sich- are made with the material obtained from ters are often clammy and foggy. of the city's busy downtown area. In con- uan. Moreover, each family develops special scouring off wheat gluten. Consequently trast, Louwailou recipes according to individual tastes. It is the wrapper is white and fine, and slightly Restaurant is no exaggeration to describe the variety of transparent after steaming. If the wrapper is surrounded by Chinese food as almost infinite. thin enough, the pink stuffing will be partly a pleasing envi- In recent years, thanks to a more stable visible, making one's mouth water. ronment of hills and affluent lifestyle, people's desire to Although shrimp dumplings are the and lakes. explore China's various cuisines has grown, basic refreshment for every Guangdong Gastrono- and there are now more than 4 million teahouse, their making demands quite chal- mists also rec- restaurants across the nation. Cooks are lenging workmanship. First, the materials ommend anoth- devoted to the study of culinary art, and must be of superior quality. Authentic stuff- er restaurant on search through the old to bring forth the new. ing consists of both raw and cooked shrimp Longjing Road, However, behind the prosperous Chi- meat, fat and shredded bamboo shoots. called Yiyuan nese food industry, gastronomists worry Processed flour with lard, salt and water also Longjing Man- that the distinctive characteristics of various feature in the mix. As mentioned above, the or. This pictur- cuisines are being obscured and regional wrapper should be thin and transparent, and esque private differences are slowly fading. the finished dumpling wonderfully juicy in manor is sur- texture. rounded by a Delicious Cantonese Cuisine To please hungry diners, today's cooks Miss Tourism International contenders taste hotpot in Chongqing concentrated Cantonese and Sichuanese cuisines are stress the size and integrity of the shrimps, dose of Hang- the only two styles that still retain their but tend to ignore the other ingredients. To In recent years, urbanites across China zhou scenery. There is no menu and diners authentic tastes. To have real Cantonese suit modern healthy diets, the indispensable have become addicted to the "excitement" need a reservation. All food materials are cuisine, you must go to Guangdong or lard has been greatly reduced, or in some of chili, and Sichuan-style cooking has purchased directly from farmers, and dishes . cases is no longer added. As a result, the become popular everywhere. As a result, are cooked using firewood and without addi- Located in south China and facing the texture often becomes dry and dull. Sichuan restaurants are now common in tives, gourmet powders or sugar. Meals are , the subtropical climate The shrimp dumplings in Guangzhou's most Chinese cities and towns. meticulously prepared, with the pork braised makes Guangdong ample in rainfall, ev- Flory City Restaurant are generally recom- Chengdu cuisine is the center of Sich- in brown sauce for three days and the duck ergreen in seasons and abundant in food mended by connoisseurs. Although the uan cooking, and has become a synonym stewed for a whole afternoon. Sixty staff products. The freshness of ingredients in price of [US$4.69] for six dumplings, or for luxury. This is evident not only in the members labor to provide exquisite meals Cantonese cooking is an absolute priority. [US$2.82] for three, is a tad expensive sumptuous decoration of local restaurants, for just 12 tables a day. If you want to eat like the Cantonese, compared to average prices in Guangzhou, but also in the city's food, which has become a Guangdong-style breakfast is a must. In the dumplings are of superior quality. known as "New ." The best recent years it has expanded to more than Much like Guangdong's dumplings, the area to sample the latest in Chengdu cooking 1,000 varieties, though each restaurant com- texture of chicken feet is unique. There's not is Xiyanxian. The Chengdu hot pot on Qin- monly provides a choice of not more than much more to them than bone and marrow, tai Road is also considered very authentic, 20 dishes. These usually include shrimp and people generally don't regard the feet while the Chuandonglaojia Restaurant near dumplings, chicken feet, barbequed pork as a dainty dish. Laochengguan Road is well known for its buns, starch sausages, and various forms of Throughout its 2,000-year history, more traditional Sichuan fare. congee and noodles. Guangdong food has been based on main- Twice-cooked pork is a must-eat home- Shrimp dumplings and chicken feet are taining the taste of the primary ingredients, style Chengdu dish that embodies the es- particularly noteworthy specialties that are so supplementary materials that cover the sence of Sichuan cuisine. The famous dish not only popular, but are considered indica- central flavor are usually avoided. Chicken derives from ancient offerings. Pork placed tive of a restaurant's overall quality. feet are an exception. They are usually deep on altars as an offering was usually lightly According to historical information, fried and pickled with fermented soybeans, cooked, and after the ceremony it was un- shrimp dumplings originated in the 1920s in oyster sauce, soy sauce and other strong wise to stew the cold meat again. Instead, Wufeng Village on the outskirts of Guang- spices before being steamed. The resulting people would quick-fry it, stirring the meat zhou. The area was rich in seafood products, soft texture and dense flavor means people with garlic shoots. Hence the name twice- can't help salivating. cooked pork. Fine materials, excellent skills and fresh To make genuine twice-cooked pork you tastes are the cornerstones of Cantonese cui- must use rump meat, green garlic shoots, sine. Since there are more than 4,000 famous broad beans from Pixian County, fermented dishes from this southern province, it's hard soybeans and 10 other supplementary ma- to really give a summary of the wealth of terials. The size of the pork slices is also A foreign tourist trying his hand at delicacies on offer. important. It should be [1.2 inches] long cooking a Hangzhou dish and [0.12 inches] wide. The meat should be Spicy Sichuan Cuisine stewed until it is medium rare. It is also im- Among China's eight famous styles of "Spicy" is usually the first impression portant to get the temperature of the oil and cooking, "classical" Shandong cuisine has diners have of Sichuan cuisine, but actu- seasonings just right during the stir-frying now melted into the new school of Beijing ally authentic Sichuan food should be salty. to achieve the perfect color, aroma and taste. flavors. Anhui and Hunan cuisines have Chongqing dishes still maintain the area's similarly blended with Sichuan dishes and original salty taste, while Chengdu cuisine Elegant Zhejiang and Jiangsu Cuisine lost their distinctive color.  has evolved over hundreds of years into Hangzhou and Suzhou are the centers of today's well known spicy fare. Zhejiang and Jiangsu cuisines respectively. Reprinted by permission of China Today. Located in a basin in west China, Si- Chefs in both places pay close attention to www.chinatoday.com.cn chuan is mild and moist in climate, with freshness and tenderness. The key differ- little difference between day and night ence between the two styles is that Zhejiang temperatures. Ancient people in the area had cuisine involves more vinegary tastes, while Guangdong Gourmet Festival www.chinainsight.info culture OCTOBER > PAGE 9 Superman is coming to China By Anthony James, Staff Writer t is coming. From on top a large Manhua crossovers to Chinese film: The precipice a caped avenger swoops Stormriders (Fung wan: Hung ba tin ha). Idown to extend swift justice on its Though not quite a hit among Western criminals and pride to the city’s citizens. Is viewers, it gained quite much admiration this Gotham? Metropolis? New York City? among Hong Kong critics and with your ? faithful writer. With such impressive tales It might not be such a farce, especially of fantasy and adventure, there seems little with a major comics company partnering in that would translate badly between Chinese China with already a film, set in contempo- and American paradigms. rary China, in the works. China has not been Though the country has seen their completely foreign to American comics. For own superhuman crusaders, many experts example, in Christopher Nolan’s smash hit would note that the Chinese would seek The Dark Night, Batman captures a villain much kinder and culturally embedded who resides in one of Hong Kong’s towers. characters than what is popular in Western Though, for American comics, what has entertainment. The American superhero is been produced in the past has always been often a dark and mysterious loner: Batman with the American audience in mind, not is a nocturnal billionaire; Spiderman is an the Chinese. outcast geek. While American viewers gush This time might be a bit different, espe- over a much more misanthropic vagabond, cially with the likes of legendary Stan Lee the Chinese version would probably carry at the helm. This July, Pow! Entertainment, a kinder demeanor. Professor Wu Gany- which was founded by Lee, announced a ing of Tsinghua University’s Academy of partnership with Hong Kong’s Ricco Hold- Arts and Design spoke with Xinhua News ings to form Magic Storm Entertainment. concerning the differences between China’s The new partnership will hopefully create a and America’s heroes. "Chinese audiences new line of superheroes to entertain Chinese have culturally different tastes from Western audiences just as Spiderman, X-Men, and audiences," he said, "Western superheroes the Incredible Hulk captured U.S. culture. aren't very human and leave a disconnect For young Americans, the visceral tales with the viewers." Wu, who was responsible of a caped crusader was held dear in their for the design and creation of the Beijing hearts. The comic books, radio programs, 2008 Summer Olympics Fuwa mascots, television shows and action figures are believes that, much like the mascots that he regular staple; past nostalgia and present created, the Chinese will be more adept to merchandise litter memories and stuff clos- a hero that embodies a personality closer to ets. The contemporary image of comics and a common person. superheroes has taken much of the country, Still, while the young audiences might and most of the world, by storm. For most, not want a repackaged Western story, it must the admiration can be primal, sometimes a be noted that the East is not completely bit jingoistic. Heroes like Superman, though closed off to Western tastes. Films like not even born of the same planet in their Illustration by Anthony James the Pirates of Caribbean franchise, Kung fictitious history, spread American ideals Fu Panda, and Avatar have opened with pride. For many, the works of 1982’s Chi- tural icons, but how the West would accept such as personal freedom, democracy and incredible success in China. As Professor nese Hero propagated the contemporary China as a major entertainment industry. As Western justice. Wu pointed out to Xinhua News, "Younger characteristics of modern Chinese comics, a young American kid, I grew up watching It isn’t as if China hasn’t had its share of audiences in China have grown up in a which would have realistic drawings and many King Fu films, from Bruce Lee to superheroes. The comics, known in China as global world, and are not afraid to explore serious characters. Simon Yuen. Though there are obvious Manhua, have been traced back to the 11th the unfamiliar." Still, there is little clue of The kung fu heroes of the 1970s such as differences from Superman and Batman, century B.C. in stone reliefs and pottery. how well such a partnership will fare for Bruce Lee created a large influence among there were many ways in which those he- Lithographic printing methods expanded the the Western entertainment companies such Chinese audiences as well as an influence in roic characters, with their fast fists, gravity medium into picture books and periodicals as POW!, or how Eastern audiences will Manhua. Many of the popular 1970s films defying kicks, and incredible strength, were well into the late 1800s and early 1900s. In react when the premiering products are from the Shaw Brothers and Godfrey Ho comparable to the superheroes in the West. many instances, these distributed cartoons would not only have a major influence on When I was in high school, I was treated unveiled.  and comics enabled propaganda messages how Chinese people viewed their own cul- to a midnight showing of one of the first as well as conveying a sense of national Confucius alive By Mike Peters and Zhang Chunyan (China Daily) China's ancient sage is helping the country propagate its language and culture abroad. An institute named after Confucius is sowing the seeds of better understand- ing and better communication with the world, throughout the world. Mike Peters and Zhang Chunyan take a closer look at the Confucius Institute abroad. lose your eyes and try to imag- them. The institute itself is young. Im- ine Confucius as a young man. pressed with the experience of countries like CThat may be a tough picture to Britain, France and Germany in promoting conjure up since the most famous images of their national languages, China launched the the iconic philosopher feature a wispy white Confucius Institute in 2004 to promote its beard and an age-lined face that reflects a mother tongue and culture around the world. long life of accumulated wisdom. A young As China's economy and exchanges Confucius? It's easier to imagine Santa with the world see rapid growth, there has Claus or Genghis Khan in short pants. But been a sharp increase in the demand for there's not a gray hair to be found on the Chinese learning, says Wang Yongli, deputy face of Confucius today. His modern vis- director-general of Hanban. Committed to A statue of the ancient Sage stands vigilant at the Confucius Temple, where rituals paying age is young, usually twenty-something, providing Chinese language and cultural homage to scholarship are still being performed for the benefit of modern disciples and and numbers in the thousands. They are the teaching resources and services worldwide, curious tourists. bright-eyed legion of Hanban, the nonprofit he says, the Confucius Institute goes all out Zou Hong / China Daily public agency that administers the Confu- in meeting the demands of foreign learners cius Institute worldwide, adventurers as and contributing to the development of eager to see the world as China is to send multiculturalism. Confucius Alive continues on Page 14 PAGE 10 > OCTOBER 2011 government: white paper www.chinainsight.info

Common development 9.8 percent, and abolished most non-tariff China sticks to peaceful development Countries are becoming increasingly measures. China has been working to build a interdependent. Only when common de- framework in which its relations with other Continues from Page 1 velopment of all countries is realized and major countries are generally stable and mu- in 1949. This marked the realization of and opening to the outside world. more people share the fruit of development, tually beneficial and develop in a balanced China's independence and liberation of can world peace and stability have a solid way, and which ensures that China and its its people and ushered in a new epoch in Independent development foundation and be effectively guaranteed, neighbors share opportunities and develop China's history. As a populous developing country, and can development be sustainable in all together. It has strengthened traditional In the past six decades and more since China must rely on itself in pursuing de- countries. Therefore, China unswervingly friendship, solidarity and cooperation with the founding of New China, and particularly velopment. China maintains independence, follows a strategy of opening-up and mutual other developing countries. China is becom- since the introduction of the reform and focuses on domestic development, acts in benefit. It pursues both its own interests and ing increasingly interdependent with other opening-up policies in 1978, the Chinese keeping with its national conditions, carries the common interests of mankind and works countries; it is more closely linked with government has worked hard to explore a out reform and innovation for economic to ensure that its own development and the them in terms of interests, and its exchanges path of socialist modernization that con- and social development through its own development of other countries are mutually and cooperation with other countries are forms to China's conditions and the trend efforts, and it does not shift problems and reinforcing, thus promoting the common de- becoming more extensive than ever before. of the times. Overcoming difficulties and difficulties onto other countries. In the era velopment of all countries. China sincerely China has made important contributions setbacks, the Chinese people have advanced of economic globalization, only by pursu- hopes to work with other countries to realize to the stable development of the world with the times, drawn on both experience ing independent development can China common development and prosperity. economy. Since its entry into the WTO and lessons from the development of China more effectively participate in international Thanks to its pursuit of peaceful de- in 2001, China has imported goods worth itself and other countries, deepened under- division of labor, and promote mutually velopment, China has undergone profound nearly US$750 billion every year, and cre- standing of the laws governing the develop- beneficial cooperation with other countries. changes. It has made remarkable achieve- ated more than 14 million jobs for those ment of human society, and promoted the ments in development, made major con- exporting countries and regions. Over the self-improvement and growth of the social- Open development tribution to world prosperity and stability, past decade, foreign-funded companies in ist system. Through arduous struggle, the China has learned from its development and is more closely linked with the rest of China have remitted a total of US$261.7 Chinese people have succeeded in finding a course that it cannot develop itself with its the world. billion of profits, with an annual increase path of development conforming to China's door closed. Taking reform and opening- China's overall strength has grown con- of 30 percent. From 2000 to 2010, China's reality - the path of socialism with Chinese up as a basic policy, China both carries siderably. Its total economic output reached annual non-financial overseas direct invest- characteristics. out domestic reform and opens itself to the US$5.88 trillion in 2010, more than 16 ment grew from less than US$1 billion to Viewed in the broader, global and his- outside world, both pursues independent times that of 1978, rising to 9.3 percent of US$59 billion, thus boosting the economic torical context, the path of peaceful devel- development and takes part in economic the world's total from 1.8 percent in 1978. development in the recipient countries. In opment may be defined as follows: China globalization and both carries forward the The material basis for China's moderniza- 2009, overseas China-invested companies should develop itself through upholding fine traditions of the Chinese nation and tion drive has become more solid; steady paid taxes worth US$10.6 billion, and world peace and contribute to world peace draws on all the fine achievements of other progress has been made in turning China employed 439,000 local people. China has through its own development. It should civilizations. It combines both the domestic into an industrialized, information-based, contributed more than 10 percent to world achieve development with its own efforts market and foreign markets and uses both urbanized, market-oriented and internation- economic growth every year in recent years. and by carrying out reform and innovation; domestic resources and foreign resources. alized country, and the cause of socialist de- In 1997, when the Asian financial crisis at the same time, it should open itself to China integrates itself with the rest of velopment is being advanced in all respects. caused a dramatic devaluation of currencies the outside and learn from other countries. the world with an open attitude, expands The Chinese people, once inadequately fed in countries and regions close to it, China It should seek mutual benefit and common and deepens the opening-up strategy, and and clad, are leading a decent life on the succeeded in keeping the RMB exchange development with other countries in keeping strengthens exchanges and cooperation whole - a historic breakthrough. The share rate basically stable, contributing to regional with the trend of economic globalization, with other countries. It strives to build an of China's per capita income comparable to economic stability and development. Since and it should work together with other coun- open economic system which ensures better the world average grew from 24.9 percent the international financial crisis erupted in tries to build a harmonious world of durable linkages with the global economy, mutually in 2005 to 46.8 percent in 2010. A historic 2008, China has taken an active part in the peace and common prosperity. This is a path beneficial cooperation as well as security transformation from a highly centralized G20's efforts to build a global economic of scientific, independent, open, peaceful, and efficiency. China will never close its planned economy to a dynamic socialist governance mechanism, promoted the re- cooperative and common development. door to the outside world, and will open market economy has been achieved in form of the international financial system, itself increasingly wider. China. A basic economic system in which got involved in multicountry macroeco- Scientific development public ownership takes the lead and dif- nomic policy coordination, and participated in international trade financing schemes Scientific development means respect- Peaceful development ferent economic ownerships grow side by and financial cooperation. It has sent large ing and following the laws governing the The Chinese nation loves peace. From side has come into being. The market plays overseas purchasing missions and helped development of economy, society and their bitter sufferings from war and poverty an increasingly important role in allocating countries in difficulties. China conscien- nature, focusing on development and free- in modern times, the Chinese people have resources, and the system of macroeconomic tiously meets the Millennium Development ing and developing the productive forces. learned the value of peace and the pressing regulation is improving. A social security Goals of the United Nations, and is the only China takes the Scientific Outlook on De- need of development. They see that only system covering both urban and rural resi- country in the world that has halved the velopment as an important principle guiding peace can allow them to live and work in dents is taking shape, and culture, education, number of people living in poverty ahead economic and social development, and gives prosperity and contentment and that only science and technology, healthcare, sports of schedule. In addition, China provides top priority to development in governing development can bring them decent liv- and other social programs are flourishing. assistance to other countries and regions and rejuvenating the country by the Party. It ing. Therefore, the central goal of China's A historic transformation turning China as its capacity permits. By the end of 2009, puts people first, promotes comprehensive, diplomacy is to create a peaceful and stable from a closed or semi-closed state to one China had given assistance worth 256.3 bil- balanced and sustainable development, and international environment for its develop- featuring all-round opening-up has been lion yuan (US$33 billion) to 161 countries takes all factors into consideration when ment. In the meantime, China strives to realized. With the setting up of special and more than 30 international and regional making balanced overall plans. In putting make its due contribution to world peace and economic zones, opening of coastal areas, organizations, reduced and canceled 380 people first, the Chinese government always development. It never engages in aggres- regions along the major rivers and the bor- debts incurred by 50 heavily indebted poor respects human rights and human values and sion or expansion, never seeks hegemony, ders and inland areas to the outside world, countries and least-developed countries, works to meet the ever-growing material and and remains a staunch force for upholding absorbing foreign investment and making trained 120,000 people for other developing cultural needs of the people and promote regional and world peace and stability. Chinese investment overseas, and entry prosperity for all. It strives to advance the into the World Trade Organization (WTO), countries, and sent 21,000 medical person- China has taken an active part in economic nel and nearly 10,000 teachers abroad to all-round development of the people, to Cooperative development globalization and regional economic co- help other countries. China encourages ensure that development is for the people, There are always competition and con- operation, and its opening-up has steadily least-developed countries to expand exports by the people and with the people sharing flicts in international relations. Each country deepened. The country's total import and to China and has pledged zero tariff treat- its fruits. In promoting comprehensive, should draw on others' merits to offset its export volume grew from US$20.6 bil- ment to more than 95 percent of the exports balanced, and sustainable development, own weakness through fair competition, lion in 1978 to US$2.974 trillion in 2010. to China by all the least-developed countries the Chinese government promotes compre- find opportunities for cooperation, expand Utilized foreign direct investment from that have diplomatic relations with China. hensive economic development as well as areas of cooperation and improve common 1979 to 2010 totaled US$1.04838 trillion. China plays an important role in safe- political, cultural and social progress and interests. China uses cooperation as a way to China maintains business and trade ties with guarding world peace and meeting global ecological improvement, and coordinates pursue peace, promote development and set- 163 countries and regions. It has signed challenges. China is the only nuclear- development of all links and aspects of the tle disputes. It seeks to establish and develop 10 free-trade-zone agreements, bilateral weapon country that has publicly stated modernization drive. In making balanced cooperative relationships of different forms investment treaties with 129 countries, and that it will not be the first to use nuclear overall plans, the Chinese government with other countries and effectively meet double taxation avoidance agreements with weapons, or use or threaten to use nuclear seeks to identify and properly handle the growing global challenges by constantly 96 countries. All this shows that China is weapons against non-nuclear-weapon major relationships in the cause of building expanding mutually beneficial cooperation actively promoting the liberalization and fa- states or nuclear-weapon-free zones. China socialism with Chinese characteristics and with other countries, and works with them cilitation of trade and investment. To honor has dispatched about 21,000 personnel on maintain balance between urban and rural to solve major problems that affect world its commitments to the WTO, China has 30 UN peacekeeping missions, which is development, development of different economic development and human survival reduced its total tariff rate from 15.3 percent regions, economic and social development, and progress. Peaceful Development continues on before its entry into the WTO to the present man and nature, and domestic development Page 11 www.chinainsight.info government: white paper OCTOBER 2011 > PAGE 11 Peaceful Development continues from Page 10 more to human civilization. ficient, clean and modern energy industries, To implement the 12th Five-Year Plan of enhance resources supply, promote harmo- the highest number among the permanent tion and reform carried out by the Chinese development is the near and medium-term nious development between man and na- members of the UN Security Council. China people and growing long-term friendly rela- goal of China's pursuit of peaceful develop- ture, and strike a balance among economic takes an active part in international coopera- tions and promoting equality and mutually ment. To build a society of initial prosperity development, population, resources and the tion in anti-terrorism and nonproliferation. beneficial cooperation with other countries. in an all-round way, the Outline of the 12th environment. We will explore a new path It provides humanitarian aid and dispatches This has become a national commitment, Five-Year Plan for National Economic and toward industrialization based on science rescue teams to countries hit by severe natu- which is manifest in strategies for national Social Development of the People's Re- and technology, with high economic returns, ral disasters and deploys naval escort fleets development and progress made in the public of China (2011-2015) laid down the low consumption of resources, less pollu- to combat piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off course of China's development. guiding principles, goals and major tasks for tion, and full utilization of human resources. the coast of Somalia. China is a member of To achieve modernization and common this period. In the coming five years, China The all-round, coordinated and sustainable more than 100 intergovernmental interna- prosperity for the people is the overall goal will focus on scientific development and growth of China's economy will create great accelerate the shifting of model of growth in space for the growth of the world economy. pursuing economic and social development, and efforts will be made to achieve the fol- Further exploiting China's domestic lowing goals: ensuring stable and fairly fast resources and its market strengths development of the economy, making great With abundant human and material progress in carrying out strategic adjustment resources and a fairly complete industrial of the economy, significantly improving system, China will mainly rely on itself science, technology and education, mak- in pursuing sustainable development. It ing major progress in saving resources and is estimated that by 2015 the number of protecting the environment, continuing to skilled personnel will reach 156 million in improve people's lives, enhancing social ser- China, 15 percent of the workforce will have vices and further deepening the reform and received higher education, and the rate of opening-up to the outside world. Through contribution to economic growth by skilled the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, people will reach 32 percent. This will we will make major progress in shifting the ensure ample supply of quality labor force model of growth, markedly improve China's to sustain China's economic development. comprehensive strength, international com- China ranks among the first in the world in petitiveness and the ability to ward off risks terms of deposits of mineral resources and and consolidate the foundation for building farmland and is basically self sufficient in A navy officer kisses his son on Nov 2, 2010, before joining the seventh deployment of a society of initial prosperity in an all-round grain supply. Although China's per capita Chinese ships to the waters off Somalia on an escort mission. way. Meanwhile, China will energetically share of resources is low, we can minimize Fan Junwei / China News conduct international exchanges and coop- dependence on resources by China's eco- eration, and expand and deepen the shared nomic and social development by giving tional organizations, a party to more than of China's pursuit of peaceful development. interests of all countries to promote common full play to market's role of resources al- 300 international conventions, and an ac- Following the introduction of the policy development. location and progress in R&D. China will tive participant in building the international of reform and opening-up to the outside From ensuring people's basic living fully tap the strengths of its industries of system. China is the first developing country world in the late 1970s, China adopted needs to building a society of initial pros- raw material, equipment manufacturing to formulate and implement the National and implemented a three-step strategy for perity and then to reaching the level of the and consumer goods production to meet the Climate Change Program. It is also one of achieving modernization. The first step medium-developed countries - this is what consumption demands of the Chinese people the countries that have made the greatest was to double the GNP of 1980 and ensure China's strategy for peaceful development and provide more quality goods and services efforts in energy saving and emission re- people's basic living needs. The second is all about. To reach these goals, China will to the international market. duction and have made the fastest progress step was to redouble the output of 1980 and make the following efforts. The size of China's population and its in developing new and renewable energy achieve initial prosperity by the end of the total economic output mean a huge potential sources in recent years. China has played a 20th century. The goals of these two steps Accelerating the shifting of the model of of domestic demand. With the continu- constructive role in addressing international have been met. The third step aims to make growth ous increase of per capita income, steady and regional hotspot problems. For instance, the per capita GNP reach the level of that Adjustments to the economic sectors growth of domestic investment, and further it calls for resolving the Korean Peninsula of the medium-developed countries, bring will receive top priority. Domestic demand, progress in implementing the strategy for nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue and about general prosperity, basically realize especially consumer demand, will be stimu- regional development, China will see the other hotspot issues through peaceful talks, modernization and build China into a rich, lated by increasing individual consumption emergence of growth engines and its mar- and has helped establish the Six-Party Talks strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious through multiple channels and by adjusting ket will further expand. In the coming five mechanism on the Korean nuclear issue. and modern socialist country by the 100th and improving the domestic investment years, China's consumption structure will be China has settled historical boundary issues anniversary of the People's Republic of mix. Industrialization, urbanization and further upgraded, and the potential of indi- with 12 land neighbors. It calls for settling China in the mid-21st century. The central agricultural modernization will be promoted vidual consumption will be further released. disputes over territory and maritime rights goal of this three-step development strategy simultaneously so that economic growth The size of China's domestic market will and interests with neighboring countries is to improve people's material and cultural will be driven by the combined forces of be one of the biggest in the world, and the through dialogue and negotiation. For lives, and make the people rich and the coun- consumption, investment and export instead accumulated import volume is expected to instance, China has made a constructive try strong. Meanwhile, as its comprehensive of investment and export only. China's reach US$8 trillion. All this will create more proposal to "shelve disputes and seek joint strength increases, China will shoulder cor- economic growth will be driven by the business opportunities to other countries. development" and done its utmost to uphold responding international responsibilities and combined forces of the primary, secondary peace and stability in the South China Sea, obligations. and tertiary sectors instead of the secondary East China Sea and the surrounding areas. To build a society of higher-level initial Accelerating the building of a harmonious sector only. It will also be driven by progress China seeks to promote common develop- prosperity in an all-round way which ben- society in R&D, better quality of the labor force and ment and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific efits more than 1 billion Chinese people is China will accelerate the building of a managerial innovation instead of increase region by pursuing bilateral cooperation and the medium-and long-term goal of China's harmonious society with emphasis on im- of material and resource consumption. participating in regional and sub-regional pursuit of peaceful development. By 2020, proving people's lives, thus strengthening Moreover, we are carrying out strategies of cooperation. China will have built a society of higher- the foundation of achieving social harmony. accelerating development through develop- China's development since New China level initial prosperity in an all-round It will accelerate the reform of social sys- ing science and technology, and fostering was founded in 1949 and particularly since way that benefits the more than 1 billion tems, improve basic public services, develop people with capabilities to build China into the reform and opening-up policies were Chinese people. This will make China a new mechanisms for social management and a country of innovation. We should be open introduced in 1978 shows that China is an country which has basically realized in- make such management more efficient, and to new ideas and be innovative in improving important member of the international com- dustrialization, significantly increased its improve income distribution and the social institutions, draw on the advanced tech- munity which has contributed its due share comprehensive national strength and taken security system. Our goal is to ensure that all nologies and managerial expertise of other to bringing about a more just and equitable the lead in the world in terms of the total size people have the right to education, employ- countries, and improve the sustainability international political and economic order. of the domestic market. The general living ment and pay, medical and old-age services and efficiency of economic growth. standard and quality of life of the Chinese and housing, so that all the people share We will make more efforts to remove people will be raised, and the country's natu- the responsibility of creating a harmonious II. What China Aims to Achieve by bottlenecks in resources and the environ- ral environment will be well protected. The society and enjoy life and the full benefit of Pursuing Peaceful Development ment that impede development. We will Chinese people will enjoy full democratic development in such a society. China's overall goal of pursuing peaceful adopt a green and low-carbon development rights, [will be] better educated and pursue We will strengthen the building of development is to promote development and approach with emphasis on energy-saving common aspirations. China's social system socialist democracy, advance the political harmony domestically and pursue coopera- and emission reduction, and accelerate the and institutions will be further improved, structural reform actively and steadily, de- tion and peace internationally. Specifically, forming of energy-saving and eco-friendly the Chinese society will be more dynamic, velop socialist democracy and turn China this means that China will endeavor to make modes of production and consumption. stable and unified, and China will be a more into a socialist country under the rule of life better for its people and contribute to We will build a circular economy, improve open and engaging country and contribute Peaceful Development continues on human progress through hard work, innova- environmental quality, build safe, stable, ef- Page 12 PAGE 12 > OCTOBER 2011 government: white paper www.chinainsight.info Peaceful Development continues from Page 11 relations and treating China's neighbors core role in handling global affairs, adhere as partners and enhance friendship and to the purposes and principles of the UN law and ensure that the people control their technologies, and foster a fair and orderly cooperation with both the neighboring Charter, abide by international laws and own destiny. We will continue to conduct investment environment. We will continue countries and other Asian countries. We will generally accepted principles governing democratic election, decision-making, gov- to implement the national strategy for intel- expand bilateral and regional cooperation international relations, and promote democ- ernance and supervision in accordance with lectual property rights and enhance [the] and jointly create a regional environment racy, harmony, coordination and a win-win the law, uphold people's right to have access ability to create, apply, protect and manage of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust, spirit in international relations. The internal to information, to participate in governance, intellectual property. cooperation and mutual benefit. We will affairs of a country should be decided by its to express their views and to supervise the We will attach greater importance to enhance unity with other developing coun- own people, international affairs should be government, and we will expand orderly overseas investment and international co- tries, deepen traditional friendship, expand decided by all countries through consulta- public participation in the political process. operation. We [will] encourage companies mutually beneficial cooperation, sincerely tion on an equal footing, and every country's We will continue to treat all ethnic groups as of all types to make overseas investment help other developing countries achieve right to equally participate in international equals and practice the system of regional and engage in joint operations in an or- independent development by providing aid affairs should be respected and upheld. autonomy of ethnic minorities, protect derly way, make R&D-related investment and making investment and uphold their Economically, countries should cooper- people's freedom of religious belief accord- and undertake overseas project contracting legitimate rights and interests as well as their ate with each other, draw on each other's ing to law, and fully respect and uphold basic and provide labor services. In addition, we common interests. We will actively engage strengths and make economic globalization human rights and other lawful rights and will expand international cooperation in in handling multilateral issues and address- a balanced and win-win process that benefits interests of citizens. agriculture and deepen mutually beneficial ing global issues, undertake our due inter- all countries. Countries should also seek to cooperation with other countries in the de- national obligations and play a constructive establish an international multilateral trad- Implementing the opening-up strategy of velopment of energy and other resources. role in making the international political and ing system that is fair, open, equitable and mutual benefit We will undertake more cooperation proj- economic order fairer and more equitable. nondiscriminatory so that the benefit of eco- China will continue to pursue the basic ects in host countries which improve life of We will continue to carry out exchanges and nomic globalization will cover all countries. national policy of opening up to the out- the local people and enhance the ability for cooperation with the parliaments, parties, All countries should work together to fulfill side world and the opening-up strategy of self-development of the host countries. The local authorities and NGOs of other coun- the UN Millennium Development Goals mutual benefit. By making full use of the Chinese companies are requested to respect tries, expand people-to-people and cultural and enable everyone to enjoy the benefit of favorable conditions created by economic local religions and customs, observe local exchanges to enhance understanding and development in the 21st century. globalization and regional economic co- laws, undertake due social responsibilities friendship between the Chinese people and Culturally, countries should draw on operation in the course of opening-up, we and obligations, and promote the develop- the people of other countries. each other's strengths, seek common ground will move away from focusing on export ment of the host countries. We will improve China is committed to pursuing a de- while putting aside differences, respect and absorbing foreign investment toward and develop new ways of providing aid so fense policy which is defensive in nature. the diversity of the world, and promote putting equal emphasis on import and ex- as to make aid more effective. China has a vast land territory and sea area, progress in human civilization. Dialogues port and on absorbing foreign investment We will continue to open China's with a borderline of more than [13,640 and exchanges among civilizations should and making overseas investment. We will financial market and financial sectors in miles] and a coastline of more than [11,160 be encouraged to do away with ideological continuously explore new ways of opening an orderly way. We will build a financial miles]. China faces multiple traditional prejudice and distrust, and make human up and improving the open economic system system that provides efficient services and and non-traditional security challenges and society more harmonious and the world and make the open economy work better so places risks under control. We will improve the threat of separatists and terrorism. It is more colorful. as to promote China's development, reform the managed, floating exchange rate system therefore necessary and justified to mod- In terms of security, countries should and innovation through opening up. based on market supply and demand, and ernize China's defense capabilities in order trust each other and strengthen cooperation, to uphold China's security and protect its settle international disputes and conflicts peaceful development. The fundamental peacefully rather than resorting to war and purpose of modernizing Chinese armed jointly safeguard world peace and stability. forces is to safeguard China's sovereignty, Consultation and dialogue should be carried security, territorial integrity and interests out to enhance mutual trust, reduce differ- of national development. China's defense ences and settle disputes. Use or threat of use expenditures are appropriate and moderate, of military force should be avoided. and are in keeping with the need to safe- In terms of the environment, all coun- guard its security. China will not engage in tries should help each other and make [an] arms race with any other country, and it concerted efforts to better protect our only does not pose a military threat to any other home - the Earth. Countries should develop country. China follows the principle of not new modes of development, take the path attacking others unless it is attacked, and it is of sustainable development and promote committed to solving international disputes the harmonious development of man and and hotspot issues with peaceful means. nature. We should follow the principle of China actively carries out international mili- common but differentiated responsibilities, tary exchanges, promotes international and and enhance international cooperation in regional security cooperation and opposes environmental protection and in addressing terrorism in all forms. climate change. Chinese and African engineers work on a thermal power project in Kenya last year. Zhao Pursuing an independent foreign policy of Yingquan III. China's Foreign Policies for Xinhua Pursuing Peaceful Development peace As a member of the international com- The Chinese people adhere to the social We will speed up the way of conduct- system and path of development chosen by make the RMB convertible under capital munity, China has great hope for the future ing foreign trade and continue to actively themselves and will never allow any exter- account in a phased way. These measures world and adopts the following thinking on participate in international division of nal forces to interfere in China's internal will not only facilitate foreign trade and international relations and foreign policies labor. We will move away from focusing affairs. investment cooperation with China, but which conform to peaceful development. on increasing volume of trade only to im- China promotes friendly and coopera- also create better conditions for maintaining proving the quality and efficiency of trade, tive relations with all the other countries the stability of international currencies and Promoting the building of a harmonious and raise the overall competitiveness of on the basis of the Five Principles of financial market[s] and promoting the sound world China's foreign trade instead of relying on Peaceful Coexistence. It does not form al- development of economic globalization. China's foreign policy aims to uphold low-cost production. We will make great liance with any other country or group of efforts to promote service trade, increase world peace and promote common devel- opment. China advocates the building of countries, nor does it use social system or import, and bring about basic balance of Creating a peaceful international environment ideology as a yardstick to determine what payment in international trade. We oppose and favorable external conditions a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity and works with other kind of relations it should have with other trade protectionism and handle properly China will continue to promote friendly countries. China respects the right of the frictions in international trade. relations with the other countries on the ba- countries in pursuing this goal. To China, it is both a long-term objective and a cur- people of other countries to independently We will make better use of foreign sis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coex- choose their own social system and path of investment by continuously improving the istence. We will increase strategic dialogue rent task. To build a harmonious world, we should make the following efforts. development, and does not interfere in other investment structure, diversifying ways of with the developed countries to promote countries' internal affairs. It is opposed to investment and expanding investment chan- strategic mutual trust, deepen mutually Politically, countries should respect each other and treat each other as equals, the practices of the big bullying the small nels. We will also speed up the introduction beneficial cooperation, handle differences and the strong oppressing the weak and to of intellectual resources, talented people and properly, explore ways to establish and and work together to promote democracy in international relations. All the countries hegemonism and power politics. China calls new technologies, and encourage foreign develop a new type of relationship among for settling disputes and conflicts through investment in key areas and regions. We will the major countries and promote long-term, in the world, whether big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the talks and consultation and by seeking com- protect the legitimate rights and interests of steady and sound growth of China's rela- mon ground while putting aside differences. foreign companies in China, adopt an open tions with these countries. We will continue international community and should receive attitude toward foreign capital and advanced the policy of developing good-neighborly due respect of the international community. Peaceful Development continues on Countries should also safeguard the UN's Page 13 www.chinainsight.info government: white paper OCTOBER 2011 > PAGE 13 Peaceful Development continues from Page 12 belief calls for the fostering of harmonious and China has no reason to deviate from family bond, neighborhood harmony and the path of peaceful development. China's It does not impose its own will upon others sponsibility. As a responsible member of the good interpersonal relationships. Under basic conditions, its cultural traditions, its and acts in the fundamental interests of the international community, China abides by the influence of the culture of harmony, fundamental national interests and its long- Chinese people and the common interests international laws and generally recognized peace-loving has been deeply ingrained in term interests - all these factors have created of all peoples throughout the world. China principles governing international relations, the Chinese character. The world-renowned the innate force driving China's peaceful bases its decision on a particular issue ac- and eagerly fulfills its international respon- Silk Road, for example, was a road of trade, development. cording to its merits. Upholding justice, sibility. China has actively participated in cultural exchanges and peace, which testifies Peaceful development is a choice that China plays an active and constructive role reforming international systems, formu- to the pursuit of friendship and mutually represents the global trend. in international affairs. lating international rules and addressing beneficial cooperation with other peoples Peace and development are the two China is firm in upholding its core in- global issues. It supports the development by the ancient Chinese. The famous Ming major issues of today's world. Peace, de- terests which include the following: state of other developing countries, and works Dynasty (1368-1644) navigator Zheng He velopment and cooperation are part of the sovereignty, national security, territorial to safeguard world peace and stability. As made seven voyages to the Western Seas, irresistible global trend. The world today is integrity and national reunification, China's countries vary in national conditions and visiting more than 30 countries and regions moving toward multipolarity and economic political system established by the Consti- are in different stages of development, they across Asia and Africa. He took along with globalization is gaining momentum. There tution and overall social stability, and the should match responsibility with rights in him the cream of the Chinese culture and is a growing call for change in the interna- basic safeguards for ensuring sustainable accordance with their national strength. technology as well as a message of peace tional system and the world is facing more economic and social development. They should play a constructive role by ful- and friendship. historical challenges. To share opportunities China fully respects other countries' filling their due international responsibility Imbued with the belief that one should presented by development and jointly ward legitimate rights to protect their interests. in accordance with their own capability and be as inclusive as the vast ocean which off risks is the common desire of the people While developing itself, it fully accommo- on the basis of aligning their own interests admits hundreds of rivers, the Chinese na- of the world. dates other countries' legitimate concerns with the common interests of mankind. For tion has embraced all that is fine in foreign Economic globalization has become an and interests and never makes gains at its part, China will assume more interna- cultures. This has forged strong cultural important trend in the evolution of inter- others' expense or shifts its own troubles tional responsibility as its comprehensive ties, leaving behind much-told anecdotes national relations. Countries of different onto others. strength increases. about the cultural interactions between systems and different types and at various China aligns its own interests with the China and the world. The Chinese have a development stages are in a state of mutual common interests of the people of the world Promoting regional cooperation and good- strong collective consciousness and sense of dependence, with their interests intertwined. and seeks to expand common interests of all neighborly relations social responsibility. We believe that "you This has turned the world into a community the parties. It works to establish and expand China actively enhances friendly co- should not do unto others what you would of common destiny in which the members the community of common interests in vari- operation with its neighbors and works not have them do unto you". We respect dif- are closely interconnected. Another world ous fields and at various levels with other with them to promote a harmonious Asia. ferent cultures and views, treat others in the war would be disastrous for the whole of countries and regions. China is committed China calls on countries in the region to same way as we expect to be treated, and do mankind, and no one would emerge vic- to promoting the common interests of all respect each other, increase mutual trust, not impose our will upon others. We treat torious in an all-out conflict between big humanity and bringing the benefit of human seek common ground while putting aside all foreign countries with courtesy, foster powers. civilization to everyone. differences, safeguard regional peace and harmonious ties with neighbors and make Global challenges have become major stability, and settle disputes including those friends with distant states. threats to the world. Common security is- Promoting new thinking on security featuring over territorial claims and maritime rights The Chinese people have inherited the sues are becoming ever more severe. They mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and and interests through dialogue and friendly fine tradition of Chinese culture of more include terrorism, the spread of weapons of coordination negotiation. Countries should increase than 5,000 years and added to it new dimen- mass destruction, financial crises, natural China advocates a new thinking on trade and mutually beneficial cooperation, sions of the times. disasters, climate change, and security of security featuring mutual trust, mutual ben- promote regional economic integration, im- energy, resources, food and public health, efit, equality and coordination, and pursues prove the current regional and sub-regional Peaceful development is determined by and the list is growing. These and other comprehensive security, common security cooperative mechanisms, be open-minded China's basic national conditions global problems have a major impact on and cooperative security. to other proposals for regional cooperation, China has a large population yet a weak human survival and sustainable economic In terms of comprehensive security, and welcome countries outside the region economic base. It has to feed close to 20 and social development. No country can the security issue has new dimensions as to play a constructive role in promoting percent of the world's population with 7.9 handle these issues on its own, which should traditional and non-traditional security regional peace and development. China percent of the world's farmland and 6.5 be addressed by all countries together. If threats have become intertwined under the does not seek regional hegemony or sphere percent of the world's fresh water. What has these problems are not addressed through new historical conditions. The international of influence, nor does it want to exclude any been achieved in its social and economic comprehensive and sustained international community should appreciate the need of country from participating in regional coop- development must meet the need[s] of 1.3 cooperation, world peace and development ensuring comprehensive security and adopt eration. China's prosperity, development and billion people, which presents a great chal- will run into huge obstacles and could even comprehensive measures to address security long-term stability represent an opportunity lenge to China. China's per capita GDP in suffer a disastrous setback. threats and their root causes and countries rather than a threat to its neighbors. China 2010 was about US$4,400, ranking around The global trend toward multipolarity around the world should work together to will uphold the Asian spirit of standing on its the 100th place in the world. Unbalanced de- is irresistible. The emerging economies, meet various challenges to security. own feet, being bold in opening new ground, velopment still exists between the urban and regional groups and Asian and other regions Regarding common security, all coun- being open and inclusive and sharing weal rural areas and among different regions; the are becoming stronger, and various non- tries share a common stake in the era of and woe. It will remain a good neighbor, structural problems in economic and social state actors are growing fast, which, taking economic globalization. The international friend and partner of other Asian countries. development remain acute; and economic advantage of economic globalization and the community should heighten awareness of growth, which excessively depends on information age, expand their influence and common security. Countries should safe- IV. China's Path of Peaceful resource input, is increasingly constrained have become an important force in various guard their own security while respecting Development Is a Choice by resource shortages and environmental countries and in the international arena. others' security concerns. They should Necessitated by History problems. All this has made the shifting of The global trend is surging forward: abandon the Cold War mentality and con- those who go along with it will prosper and Taking the path of peaceful development the growth model a daunting task. China's frontation between different alliances, up- those who go against it will perish. The is a strategic choice made by the Chinese capacity for independent innovation is weak, hold common security through multilateral international community should reject the government and people in keeping with and it is at the low end of the value chain cooperation and work together to prevent zero-sum game which was a product of the the fine tradition of Chinese culture, the in both international division of labor and conflicts and wars. It is important to give old international relations, the dangerous development trend of the times and the fun- trade. The standard of living of the Chinese full play to the UN's role in maintaining cold and hot war mentality, and all those damental interests of China, and it is also a is not high, and China's social security sys- world peace and security and establish a beaten tracks which repeatedly led mankind choice which China's development calls for. tem is inadequate, lagging far behind those fair and effective mechanism for upholding of the developed countries. to confrontation and war. It should find new common security. perspectives from the angle of the com- Peaceful development carries forward the China's modernization involves one- With regards to cooperative security, fifth of the world's population and will be a munity of common destiny - sharing weal Chinese historical and cultural tradition war and confrontation will only lead to a long-term process. The scale and magnitude and woe and pursuing mutually beneficial The world has been believed to be a vicious cycle of violence begetting violence, of the difficulties and problems involved cooperation, exploring new ways to enhance harmonious whole in the Chinese culture while dialogue and negotiation are the only are unprecedented in the present world and exchanges and mutual learning among dif- ever since the ancient times. This belief has effective and reliable way to settle disputes. rare in human history. China will remain a ferent civilizations, identifying new dimen- a lasting impact on the thinking and acts of Countries should seek peace, safeguard se- developing country for a long time to come, sions in the common interests and values the Chinese nation, which is an important curity, settle disputes and promote harmony which means that China must dedicate of mankind, and looking for new ways to value that the Chinese people follow in through cooperation, and oppose the use or itself to advancing its modernization drive, handle multiple challenges through coopera- handling interpersonal relationships, the threat of use of military force against one promoting development and improving its tion among countries and realize inclusive relationship between man and nature and another. people's livelihood. This calls for main- development. We want peace and not war; relations between different countries. taining a peaceful and stable international development and not stagnation; dialogue The Chinese people have always cher- Actively living up to international responsibility environment and conducting international and not confrontation; understanding and ished a world view of "unity without For China, the most populous develop- exchanges and cooperation. China could not misunderstanding. This is the general uniformity", "harmony between man and ing country, to run itself well is the most become strong in the future. Yet peace nature", and "harmony is invaluable". This Peaceful Development continues on important fulfillment of its international re- will remain critical for its development, Page 14 PAGE 14 > OCTOBER 2011 government: white paper www.chinainsight.info Confucius Alive continues from Page 8 Peaceful Development continues from Page 14 The Ministry of Education estimated leagues in the Philippines a few months ago trend of the world and the common aspira- As national conditions vary from country that 100 million people outside China will with lesson plans and bright-eyed optimism. tion of all people. It is against this historical to country, there is no such thing as a fixed be learning Chinese by 2010. As of July Chen Ling, from Sichuan province, likes background that China has chosen the path mode of development which claims to be 2011, 350 Confucius Institutes (university the interaction with children - "they are so of peaceful development. the only effective one and applicable to affiliated) and 430 Confucius Classrooms (at lovely!" - but has discovered it is very dif- all. A path of development is viable only secondary schools) have been established in ficult to teach well. V. What China's Peaceful when it suits the national conditions of a 103 countries and regions. "We need to learn about the students' Development Means to the country. China's path of development has "The model has earned wide recogni- interests, characters and cognitive develop- taken shape in the Chinese environment. tion," says Wang. "Now more than 260 mental levels, and make the class organized, Rest of the World China is fully aware that taking the path of universities or institutes worldwide are wait- effective and interesting," she says. "So the The path of peaceful development is a peaceful development is an important and ing for their applications for new Confucius teaching experience here strengthens my new path of development which China, the long-term process and that the current do- Institutes to be approved." desire to be a teacher, and also makes me biggest developing country in the world, has mestic and foreign environments are going Hanban approaches its mission to spread more realistic about the work." embarked upon, and its global impact will through profound and complex changes. It Chinese around the world in many ways, Because she teaches middle grades at a manifest itself over time. Its success calls will thus better summarize and apply its own from direct language study to cultural school founded by the Chinese community, for both the untiring efforts of the Chinese successful experience, draw on the practices programs and exchanges. This summer, some of her charges understand Mandarin people and understanding and support from of other countries, and stay alert about new U.S. basketball star Kobe Bryant met 11 pretty well. But for many foreign students, the international community. problems and challenges that may arise, so American students in Shanghai who study the Chinese language is like a Christmas China's peaceful development has as to open up brighter prospects for peaceful Mandarin and martial arts after school present for the mind -brand-new with lots broken away from the traditional pattern development. through the Los Angeles After-School of unknowns under the wrapping. where a rising power was bound to seek China cannot develop itself in isolation All-Stars program supported by Bryant's Xu Jia, one of about 1,000 Chinese hegemony. In modern history, some ris- from the rest of the world, and global pros- charity foundation. They were in Shanghai teachers sent to the United States between ing powers established colonies, fought perity and stability cannot be maintained as part of a two-week study tour organized 2005 and 2010, told China Daily earlier this for spheres of influence, and conducted without China. China's achievements are by the Chinese Ministry of Education and year that Americans were not very familiar military expansion against other countries. inseparable from its friendly cooperation the UCLA Confucius Institute. with modern China. This reached climax in the 20th century, with the outside world; in pursuing devel- Hanban recruits more than 7,000 TCSL Despite high-profile events like the 2008 when rivalry for hegemony and military opment, it needs further understanding and (Teaching Chinese as a Second Language) Beijing Olympics, she says their impres- confrontation plunged mankind into the support from the rest of the world. We are teachers and volunteers from Chinese uni- sions about the country are often confined abyss of two devastating world wars. With deeply appreciative to all the countries and versities each year. Candidates are recom- to novels about China before the reform and a keen appreciation of its historical and cul- peoples who have shown understanding mended by their universities or schools first, opening up. tural tradition of several thousand years, the and solicitude and given support and help and then selected by strict exams, Wang "They knew about ancient China from nature of economic globalization, changes in to China's development. Taking the path says. "After training, qualified TCSL teach- history lessons, but they are eager to know international relations and the international of peaceful development by China with its ers will go abroad and teach there for two about modern China," says Xu, who comes security landscape in the 21st century as more than 1 billion population is a great years. The recruitment and training process from East China's Shandong province. "The well as the common interests and values of new undertaking in the history of human is a big task." more they know about the country, the more humanity, China has decided upon peaceful development, and we do not claim that what The fruits of that talent search are teach- friendly they will feel towards the Chinese development and mutually beneficial coop- we do leaves nothing more to be desired. ers like Liu Chengcheng, Chen Ling and people." eration as a fundamental way to realize its We welcome all friendly suggestions and Chen Huangchao, who arrived with 21 col- Chinese is very different from English modernization, participate in international well-intentioned criticism. We sincerely and the Romance languages, and talented affairs and handle international relations. hope that the international community will teachers are critical to get both the words The experiences of the past several decades have a deeper appreciation of China's time- have proved that China is correct in embark- What Hanban does: and the cultural nuances across. As the honored cultural traditions, and respect its program grows - Hanban has previously ing upon the path of peaceful development, sovereignty, security, territorial integrity and 1. To make policies and de- said it hopes to establish 1,000 Confucius and there is no reason whatsoever for China social stability, which the Chinese people velopment plans for promoting Institutes by 2020 - a sustainable talent to deviate from this path. hold dear. We hope that it will appreciate the Chinese language interna- pool has become the biggest challenge for Economic globalization and revolution China's need to settle, step by step, various tionally under the leadership of the development of Confucius Institutes, in science and technology have created difficulties in development it faces as the the Chinese Language Council Wang says. historical conditions for more countries to largest developing country, and the aspira- International "Good teachers can make our Chinese revitalize themselves by pursuing economic tion of the Chinese people to shake off pov- courses more attractive, make people in development and mutually beneficial co- erty and live a prosperous life. We also hope 2. To support Chinese lan- different countries and regions accept it operation, and made it possible for more that the international community will have guage programs at educational more easily." developing countries to embark on the path confidence in the Chinese people's sincerity institutions in other countries At a recent national conference for of rapid development. Because of this, the and determination to achieve peaceful de- Confucius Institutes in the UK, he said size of the world economy and the potential velopment, and support rather than obstruct 3. To guide the General Head- "teachers should use new techniques and for development are both increasing, the China's pursuit of peaceful development. quarters of Confucius Institute in methodologies to make Chinese teaching international community is better positioned Looking back at the past and looking the establishment of Confucius more applicable in foreign countries and to resist economic and financial crises, and ahead to the future, we are convinced that Institutes regions". there is stronger impetus for reforming the a prosperous and developing China - a While older teachers might struggle international economic system. China's democratic, harmonious and stable country 4. To set down criteria for with that, the youthful corps chosen to fly peaceful development conforms [to] this under the rule of law - will make more teaching Chinese as a foreign China's flag abroad gets it. Liu Chengcheng, global trend. China is glad to see and sup- contributions to the world. The Chinese language and undertake due a graduate student from Dalian, is learning port more and more developing countries people will make unremitting efforts with evaluations; to develop and pro- as she goes while teaching in Davos, the in changing their destiny, and it is also glad other peoples to bring about a bright future mote Chinese language teaching third largest city in the Philippines. to see and support the developed countries  in maintaining prosperity and development. for mankind. materials "When teaching foreign students, the teachers have to be very creative and In the ever-changing world of today, all doctrines, systems, models and paths are Reprinted by permisssion of China Daily. 5. To set down the certifica- thoughtful in lesson planning. Unlike Chi- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/ tion standards for teachers of nese students, foreign students cannot stay subject to the test of the times and practice. Chinese as a foreign language focused on the teachers for more than 10 and to undertake due trainings; minutes, so I have to arrange many role- to send Chinese teachers and plays and activities for them." ideological content. foundations for better understanding. volunteers on missions abroad; Chen Huangchao, who taught a class In every country the Confucius Institutes Please contact the writers at to provide certification examina- of very dutiful kindergarteners during his reach, teaching material should adjust to [email protected] and tion for teaching Chinese as a internship in Shanghai, faced a similar chal- local conditions, Wang says. Hanban and [email protected].  foreign language lenge with discipline and attention. Confucius Institutes have published refer- "Some of the kids cried all the time at ence books and supplementary materials in Reprinted by permisssion of China Daily. 6. To set down criteria for es- first," says Chen, who tells his own story 45 languages, but "we can't be sure that all http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/ tablishing websites of Chinese (at left). "School was new to them, Chinese are completely suitable for local use. We teaching as a foreign language was new to them, and they already had two are exploring. Everything has a process". ASIAN BLOOD DONORS NEEDED In the meantime, about 7,000 young Chi- and to build a website platform languages, English and Tagalog." Call 1-800-59-DONOR nese are seeing the world, many for the first for access to relevant resources At the university level, some foreign for more information. critics have fretted at the presence of the time. They are eager but a little homesick, 7. To develop and promote dif- Confucius Institute on campuses, fearing discovering new foods and new ideas, and ferent varieties of Chinese tests interference with academic freedom. The making new friends for themselves and for Read the paper online at as a foreign language Institute, however, focuses its programming China. Most of all, they are sharing their www.chinainsight.info on culture and communication and avoids language and their culture and building the www.chinainsight.info business OCTOBER 2011 > PAGE 15 Second quarter exports grow to record US$5.3 billion innesota exports, including no purchases in the second quarter of 2011. Minnesota’s usual primary market for these agricultural, mining and Figure 1. Minnesota Exports*, Second Quarter goods, Canada, had a modest drop of 6 percent to US$113 million.  Mmanufactured products, grew almost 12 percent to US$5.3 billion in Figure 3. Minnesota Exports by 2-Digit HS Table 2. Growth in Exports, by 2-Digit HS Group*, the second quarter of 2011 – a record quar- Group* Between Second Quarters of 2010 and 2011 terly high. The national export growth rate was 18 percent. Vermont was the only state with decreased exports during this period. For the manufacturing sector alone, Minnesota manufactured exports were up 10 percent to US$4.7 billion in the second quarter of 2011, while U.S. manufactured *Includes manufacturing and non- exports increased 15 percent. manufacturing industries, such as agriculture and mining, but not services.

Note: Reports based on 2011 data cover export data based on the Harmonized System, which include manu- *Includes manufacturing and non-manufactured indus- factured and non-manufactured exports such as agriculture and mining but not services. tries, such as agriculture and mining, but not services.

Minnesota Quarterly Export Statistics is the most current resource available for tracking the state’s manufactured export trends and is prepared for the Minnesota Trade Office (MTO) by the Department of Consistent Strong Demand in Asia and North America Drives Growth Employment and Economic Development’s (DEED) Analysis and Evaluation Office (Thu-Mai Ho-Kim, • The state’s strongest-performing regions were Asia and North America, where state 651-259-7180). Starting with the first quarter 2011, the quarterly and annual statistics reports will primarily export growth rates exceeded national growth rates. Minnesota exports to North America cover export data based on the Harmonized Tariff System (Schedule B), collected by the U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC) and distributed by the Global Trade Information Services, rather than data based increased 19 percent (or up US$298 million) to US$1.9 billion, with strong gains to both on the North American Industry Classification System industries (NAICS), collected by the USDOC and Canada and Mexico. The state’s exports to Asia jumped 18 percent to US$1.8 billion (or distributed by the World Institute of Social and Economic Research. Thus, current and future reports may up US$272 million), led by Japan, China and the Philippines. not be comparable to past reports; all reports are available on the DEED website on the Export Statistics page • Minnesota sales increased 10 percent to US$217 million to Central and South America (www.PositivelyMinnesota.com/Data_Publications/Data/Export_Statistics/index.aspx). – led by expanded opportunities in Brazil (up 17 percent to US$76 million, ranked 18th) – and by 6 percent to US$141 million to the Australia-Pacific region – led by Australia World Bank, China advance work on China (up 6 percent to US$126 million, ranked 12th). State exports also grew well to the Middle economy’s future: talks in China center on the East (up 8 percent to US$86 million). • Minnesota exports declined by 4 percent to US$1.1 billion to the European Union. big choices now facing the country Export trends to the EU were dampened by export declines to the Netherlands, France, BEIJING, September 5, 2011 – China ment; how to deliver equality of opportu- Ireland and Germany, despite strong performances by Belgium and Italy. State exports and the World Bank are making significant nity and social security to citizens; how to also fell by 4 percent to other countries in Europe to US$91 million. progress on a joint report on how the world’s strengthen the fiscal system, and how China second largest economy can move to a path can become a responsible stakeholder in the Figure 2. Minnesota Exports, by Region Second Table 1. Growth in Exports, by Country, Between of sustainable growth in the face of today’s international system. The study is expected Quarter, 2011: $5.3 billion Second Quarters of 2010 and 2011 challenging global economic situation, to be completed towards the end of 2011 and said World Bank Group President Robert the findings will be shared broadly. B. Zoellick. In Beijing, Zoellick met with Vice Commenting in Beijing on a weekend President Xi Jinping, Executive Vice Pre- workshop with senior Chinese officials and mier Li Keqiang and Vice Premier Wang outside experts, Zoellick said there was Qishan and discussed the global economic agreement that China would have to rebal- situation and challenges for policymakers, ance its economy, improve the environment, climate change, and economic cooperation reduce inequality and advance the quality and knowledge sharing among developing of life for its people while at the same time countries. maintaining rapid growth. He also met with Minister of Finance “The challenge of China adjusting its Xie Xuren, People’s Bank of China Gov- growth model will be even more important ernor Zhou Xiaochuan, Minister of the given the current economic climate of Development Research Center of the State slowing growth and weakened confidence,” Council Li Wei, Minister of the Develop- said Zoellick. “But China has proven time ment Research Center of the State Council Cereals, Electrical Machinery and Mineral Fuel Lead Growing Product Groups and again over the last thirty years that it and Vice Chairman of the Office of the • Exports of electrical machinery products increased 22 percent to US$698 million can make remarkable progress in bringing Central Leading Group on Economic and between the second quarters of 2010 and 2011. The main growing product segments were prosperity to its people, and thereby boost- Financial Affairs Liu He, and China Con- industrial furnaces (fueled especially by a US$30 million increase in sales to China), ing regional and global growth. China's struction Bank Chairman Guo Shuqing. integrated circuits (driven by a US$26 million gain in exports to the dominant market, growth potential remains high. We believe Zoellick also traveled to China’s North- the Philippines) and telecommunications equipment (where growth was widespread and the World Bank can assist China to grow east. He met with Party Secretary Sun included Italy, Japan and Germany). smartly and sustainably while avoiding the Zhengcai of Jilin Province in Changchun • Exports of cereals (mainly corn) jumped 296 percent to US$197 million. Japan was so-called ‘middle-income trap’.” to learn about the province’s achievements the primary market for the state’s cereals, accounting for 57 percent of these sales. Booming The report is to be released later this and to discuss the Bank’s assistance in ad- exports of corn to Japan jumped from less than US$18 million to US$112 million over the year and is being prepared jointly by China’s dressing its challenges. past year. The next largest markets also showed strong growth: Mexico (up 1,520 percent Ministry of Finance, Development Research In Heilongjiang Province, Zoellick vis- to US$28 million) and South (up 151 percent to US$26 million). Center of the State Council and the World ited Beidahuang, which literally translated • The strongest-growing segments of vehicle products were passenger vehicles (includ- Bank. The report seeks to support China in means “great northern wilderness”. The ing snowmobiles) (up 60 percent to US$138 million, with the strongest gains in Canada identifying the many challenges and policy region has been transformed into a grain and Italy), tractors (up 90 percent to US$37 million, with the strongest gains in Canada), choices it faces to 2030 as it seeks to avoid producing area known as the Great Northern vehicle parts (up 53 percent to US$40 million, where the leading growth markets were the so-called “middle-income trap”, a stage Granary of China. Zoellick visited a farm, Canada, Mexico and South Korea) and public transportation vehicles (up 90 percent to of economic development that has slowed a rice mill, an agricultural research center US$20 million, virtually all sold to Canada). progress in many countries. and a modern agricultural machines park, • Medical exports (proxy of HS 9018 to HS 9033) dropped by less than 1 percent, Adds Zoellick: “China’s 12th Five Year and talked with staff and farmers to learn indicating a relatively encouraging sign, given the quarterly slide in medical exports since Plan points the way forward with the ‘what’ about how this transformation has affected the first quarter of 2009. While medical exports declined to the Netherlands, Belgium, needs to be done, while this report will try their lives. Singapore and Ireland, they grew strongly in rising medical markets such as China (up to help with the ‘how’. In the tradition of “Food security is a global concern, and 15 percent to US$76 million), Canada (up 25 percent to US$58 million) and South Korea Chinese leader ’s openness the World Bank is working closely on this (up 62 percent to US$27 million). Although declines in sales of orthopedic and artificial strategy, the report will discuss practical challenge with the G-20. All countries must body parts persisted (down 25 percent to US$132 million), sales of medical measuring steps that China can take to shift away from work together to address it. China feeds 20 instruments were up 36 percent to US$82 million. an over-dependence on export-led growth to percent of the world’s population with less • Mineral fuels and oil exports jumped 237 percent to US$166 million, primarily to a greater reliance on domestic demand and than 10 percent of the world’s agricultural Canada, which accounted for 99 percent of these sales. investment.” land and less than six percent of its water. • Exports of ores, slag and ash (mainly consisting of iron ores) dropped 44 percent The issues covered by the study include China could make a significant contribution to US$128 million. This decline resulted from drops in demand in France, Germany and how China can complete its transition to to global food security,” said Zoellick.  Belgium, which had uncharacteristically large purchases in the second quarter of 2010 but a market economy; how to promote open innovation; how to advance green develop- Source: World Bank PAGE 16 > OCTOBER 2011 celebration www.chinainsight.info Taiwan celebrates 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) By Greg Hugh, Staff Writer he Republic of China was estab- years, it was not until larger numbers of Han War was over. Eventually, the Communists in 1996, and the first peaceful transition of lished on January 1st, 1912 when residents arrived during the Qing dynasty were victorious. power between two political parties in 2000. Tthe group that became known as that Taiwan was formally integrated into The Nationalist government, the rem- Taiwanese politics remain dominated by the Nationalists overthrew the Qing Dy- the rest of China as part of Hokkien (Fujian) nants of their army, and hundreds of thou- the issue of relations between Taiwan and nasty. Dr. Sun Yat-sen assumed the role of province. It became a separate province in sands of supporters then fled to Taiwan. the People's Republic of China, which still the President of the Provisional Republican 1885. Defeated by the Japanese, the Qing From Taipei, they continued to assert their claims Taiwan as a "renegade province" Government of China in the same month. Empire ceded Taiwan to Japan under the right as the sole legitimate government of all and regularly threatens military action if The year 2011 marks the 100th year since terms of the treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. China. Initially very repressive, the govern- Taiwan attempts to break away from the the establishment of the Republic of China Japan ruled the island until 1945, and ment began to loosen control in its fourth current awkward One China status quo, (ROC), not to be confused with the People’s exerted profound influences on its develop- decade under the leadership of Chiang where both sides agree that there is only Republic of China (PRC), now ruling over ment. The island's entertainment and pop Kai-shek's son, Chiang Ching-kuo. Taiwan one Chinese nation, but disagree on whether the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and culture was, and still is, heavily influenced also experienced rapid economic growth that one nation is governed by the PRC or Matsu (and some small islands in the South by that of Japan. Much of the Japanese-built and modernization under the leadership of the ROC. To summarize a very complex China Sea). infrastructure can still be seen on the island Chiang Ching-kuo, becoming one of the situation, the Pan-Blue group spearheaded Double-Ten Day is the national day of today, and has been in fact continuously world's richest and most modern economies by the KMT supports eventual unification the ROC, similar to July 4th in the United used up to the present day (e.g. rail-road and earning it a place as one of the East with the mainland when the political climate States, and celebrates the start of the Wuch- crossing gates, administrative buildings, and Asian Tigers. is right, while the Pan-Green group led by ang Uprising of October 10, 1911, which the old port at Kaohsiung). Taiwan still remains a leader in con- the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in In the early 20th century, the National- sumer electronics and is home to well- supports eventual independence. The split China and establishment of the Republic ists (Kuomintang, KMT) and Communists known computer brands such as Acer, Asus extends down to trivial issues like Chinese of China on January 1, 1912. It is therefore fought a major bloody civil war in mainland and HTC. Romanization — the KMT prefers the designated by the government as National China. Although the two sides were briefly Democratization began in earnest mainland's Hanyu , the DPP prefers Celebration Day. united against Japan during World War II, through the 1980s and 1990s, culminating a Taiwan-made variant called Tongyong While the political status of Taiwan is they quickly began fighting again after the with the first direct presidential elections pinyin — and political demonstrations and a somewhat controversial and sensitive is- rallies, always turbulent, on occasion even sue, from a traveler’s point of view, Taiwan turn violent. is under the de facto control of a different Taiwan was originally populated by government from mainland China, and in indigenous tribes that spoke various Aus- practice operates as a separate country. tronesian languages, which are related to (This is not a political endorsement of the Malay, Tagalog and Indonesian. Today the claims of either side of the dispute.) remaining tribes make up only about 2 per- Taiwan is an island nation of about cent of the population, while the other 98 14,400 square miles located off the coast percent are considered Chinese. of southeastern mainland China, southwest The Chinese are further split into Tai- of Okinawa and north of the Philippines. wanese, who make up about 84 percent of The island is officially known as and the population and whose culture is derived governed by the ROC. Shaped roughly from people who migrated during the Ming like a sweet potato, the nation is home to and Qing Dynasties, as well as mainland- more than 23 million people and is one of ers, who make up about 14 percent of the the most densely populated places in the population and whose families fled to Tai- world. Besides its crowded cities, Taiwan wan from the continent after the communist is also known for steep mountains and lush takeover in China in 1949. forests. In addition to the island of Taiwan, Among the Taiwanese group, Hoklo the Republic of China also governs the tiny (Minnan) speakers form the majority, which Pescadores (Penghu), Quemoy (Kinmen/ is about 70 percent of the population while Jinmen), and Matsu. the remaining 14 percent are largely Hakka Taiwan is not usually high on the list of speakers. There is also a sizeable Japanese destinations for Western tourists. Perhaps community, with many of its members this is because the island's international working in the entertainment industry. The reputation has been shaped more by its IT previous Japanese population, largely cen- prowess and longstanding political disputes tered on the East Coast while Taiwan was with mainland China than its interesting under Japanese rule, left after WWII. culture or tourism, and so many assume that It should be noted that the Taiwanese there is very little, if anything, of interest for (who make up 84 percent of the population the casual visitor. However, despite this gen- in Taiwan and are culturally Chinese) are to eral perception, Taiwan actually boasts some a large extent the descendents of immigrants very impressive scenic sites, and Taipei is a from the mainland in recent centuries who vibrant center of culture and entertainment. intermarried with indigenous people. As a The island is also a center of Chinese pop result the genetic makeup of the Taiwanese culture with a huge and exciting entertain- is noticeably different from that of the ment industry. Taiwanese cuisine is also mainlanders. highly regarded by other Asians. To celebrate Taiwan’s (ROC) 100th an- Taiwan has been populated for thou- niversary, many centennial events have been sands of years by more than a dozen non- planned based on three major keys including East-Asian aboriginal tribes. Written history “Let Academia Interpret History”, “Show begins with the partial colonization of Tai- Taiwan to the World” and “Let Taiwan wan by the Dutch and then the Portuguese Behold the Future”. The events are to repre- in the early 17th century. (The old name of sent Taiwan’s spectacular nature sceneries, Taiwan, Formosa, comes from the Portu- precious natural resources, mouthwatering guese Ilha Formosa for "beautiful island".) Taiwan snacks as well as the colorful cul- Han Chinese immigrants arrived in sig- tures of the beautiful island.  nificant numbers with the onset of European trade. Although controlled by the Dutch, the Editor’s Note: Some of the material for Ming loyalist Koxinga defeated the Dutch this article was obtained from wikitravel. garrisons and set up Taiwan as a rump Ming org and other travel sources. The local Empire with the hope of reconquering Qing Taiwanese community will be celebrating China. His son surrendered to the Qing in their National Day (Double Ten) celebra- the late 1600s. Although contact between tion on Oct. 9, 2011. See announcement on China and Taiwan dates back thousands of page 5 for details.