The State of Latino Chicago

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The State of Latino Chicago The State of Latino Chicago This Is Home Now Timothy Ready and Allert Brown-Gort The State of Latino Chicago This Is Home Now Timothy Ready and Allert Brown-Gort © 2005 University of Notre Dame Table of Contents Preface��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Acknowledgements�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv ProjectAdvisoryCommittee������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������v AbouttheAuthors����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� vi ExecutiveSummary�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 DemographicOverview�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 LatinoPopulationGrowthinMetroChicago������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 LatinoSuburbanization��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 SegregatedCommunitiesorEthnicEnclaves?��������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 NationalOrigins������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 US-andForeign-BornLatinos������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17 IssuesofCitizenshipandImmigration����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 FamilyandHousehold��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 Binational,Bicultural,andBilingual��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 HouseholdSize���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 FamilyStructure������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 IncomeandPoverty������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Education�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 IntergenerationalLearning������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 TheNeedsofForeign-BornLatinos`�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 BuildingtheCapacityofSchoolsandCommunities���������������������������������������������������������� 28 Health�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 30 LatinosandtheEconomy���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 LatinoEconomicPower����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 IncomeTrends���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33 DifferentMeasuresofIncome������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 35 Housing���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 LaborandWorkforce����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 DiscussionandPolicyDirections�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 References������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 47 C Page ii The State of Latino Chicago Preface Metropolitan Chicago is undergoing a profound transformation from a region dominated politicallyanddemographicallybyEuropeanAmericanstooneinwhichnosingleracialor ethnic group will be the majority� Long a preeminent center of manufacturing and trade, Chicagoisknownasthecitythatworks. InThe State of Latino Chicago,weexaminethestatus oftheregion’sfastestgrowingand,arguably,hardestworkingpopulation� Inthisfirsteditionofwhatwillbeaseriesofregularreportswepresentanoverviewofthe contributionsofLatinostotheregion’seconomicvitality�Weexamineboththeassetsand contributionsthatLatinosbringtoeconomicandciviclifeandtheproblemsandchallenges thatmustbeaddressedifLatinoChicagoansaretorealizetheirfullpotential� Aswillbearguedinthesepages,thefutureprosperityandwell-beingoftheentireregion dependonthewell-beingofeachofitscommunities�Despitetherecentarrivalofmany,the Latino presence in Chicago is well established� Latinos are here to stay; they now are the largestracialorethnicminoritygroupintheregion�Fromthiswedrawthereport’ssubtitle: This Is Home Now. The State of Latino ChicagoprovidesanoverviewofthegrowthanddistributionoftheLatino populationthroughouttheregion,alongwithinformationonincome,employment,educa- tion, and other topics essential for understanding the current status and future prospects ofChicago-areaLatinos�Subsequentissuesinthisserieswillprovidemoredetailedanaly- sesofspecifictopics—suchaseducation,accesstohealthcare,culturalcontributions,and employment�Ineachcase,ourgoalwillbetoenhanceunderstandingofthislargeandgrow- ingcommunityanditsroleintheeconomic,social,andculturallifeofChicago,nowandin thefuture� Wehopethatthisandfuturereportswillhelptoprovideanempiricalfoundationforpublic policies that will ensure Latinos’ full incorporation into the economic and civic life of the region,bothfortheirownbenefitandthebenefitofallChicagoans�TheInstituteforLatino Studies is committed to this effort� Our primary vehicle for participating in Chicago-area researchanddiscourseisourMetropolitanChicagoInitiative,locatedinBerwyn,Illinois� IwishtothankthemembersoftheProjectAdvisoryCommitteeforgenerouslycontributing theirwisecounseltoshapethethemesofthispublication,aswellasparticipantsinthepolicy forumthatcoincideswiththereleaseofthisreport�Finally,aneffortlikethiscouldnothave beenproducedwithoutdedicatedstaff,whoonceagaindemonstratedtheircommitmentin theresearch,writing,andproductionofthispublication� GilbertoCárdenas AssistantProvost,UniversityofNotreDame,andDirector,InstituteforLatinoStudies C Page iii This Is Home Now Acknowledgements The Chicago Community Trust generously funded the research for this paper, with the MacNealHealthFoundationprovidingadditionalsupport� TheInstituteforLatinoStudiesgratefullyacknowledgesthemembersofourdistinguished State of Latino Chicagoadvisorycommittee�ThankstoMetropolis2020andtoAtakanGuven forproductionoftheChicago-areamaps� WethankthefollowingInstituteFellowsandstaffmembersfortheireffortsinresearching, writing, and producing this report: Victor Ortiz, Institute Fellow; Sylvia Puente, director, MetropolitanChicagoInitiative;CarolineDomingo,publicationsmanager,andZoëSamora, publications coordinator; John Koval,InstituteFellow;Martha Zurita,ClaudiaHernández, andHeatherMinihan,MetropolitanChicagoInitiativestaff;andWeiSunandJenLaware, InstituteResearchDepartmentstaff�WealsowishtothankElizabethStation,editorialconsul- tant,andLaurieGlenn-GistaofThink,Inc�AllphotographsarebyJavierHernández,astudent attheUniversityofNotreDame� Finally,wewishtothanktheIllinoisHispanicChamberofCommerceformakingavailable anestimateofthenumberofLatinofirmsintheregionpriortothereleaseofofficialdata� University of Notre Dame Institute for Latino Studies The main reason why I decided to come to the United States was my two daughters. I want them to have a better future and go to better schools. “ –MotherofaMortonEastHighSchoolstudent,Cicero C Page iv The State of Latino Chicago ” The State of Latino Chicago Project Advisory Committee John Ayers Jim Lewis ShriverCenteronPovertyLaw RooseveltUniversity Frank Beal Richard Longworth ChicagoMetropolis2020 TheGlobalChicagoCenterofCCFR Susan Cahn Hubert Morgan IllinoisFacilitiesFund NortheasternILPlanningCommission Gloria Castillo Victor Ortiz ChicagoUnited NortheasternIllinoisUniversity Pamela H. Clarke Carmen Prieto LeadershipforQualityEducation WieboldtFoundation Jesus Garcia César Romero LittleVillageCommunity ConsulateGeneralofMexico,Chicago DevelopmentCorporation Alejandro Silva Maricela Garcia EvansFoodProducts,Inc� NationalAllianceofLatinAmerican andCaribbeanCommunities Peter Skosey MetropolitanPlanningCouncil Mirna Garcia InstitutodelProgresoLatino Wendy Stack NortheasternIllinoisUniversity Bob Gleeson NorthernIllinoisUniversity Jerry Stermer VoicesforIllinoisChildren Lawrence Hansen JoyceFoundation Sylvia Sykes TheChicagoCommunityTrust Joshua Hoyt IllinoisCoalitionforImmigrant Garth Taylor MetroChicagoInformationCenter RefugeeRights Maria de los Angeles Torres Juanita Irizarry DePaulUniversity LatinosUnited Arturo Venecia
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