Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan
Adopted December 2013
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan Contents
1 Introduction 1 - 2
2 Issues, challenges & threats 3 - 6
3 Management & enhancement framework 7 - 20
4 Article 4 Directions & guidance 21 - 31
5 Boundary review 32
6 Appendices 33 - 38
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 1 Introduction
Conservation areas Why prepare a management plan? 1.1 Conservation areas are parts of our local environment with special 1.4 The designation of a conservation area is not an end in itself. Once architectural or historic qualities. They are created by local designated local planning authorities have a statutory duty to planning authorities, in consultation with the local community, to publish proposals for the preservation and enhancement of their preserve and enhance the specific character of these areas so that conservation areas. they can be enjoyed by people now and future generations. 1.5 In addition to this, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) requires local planning authorities to set out a positive strategy for Management plan aims the conservation and enjoyment of their heritage assets, including 1.2 This document provides a management plan for the Old Harlow conservation areas. Conservation Area. It has been prepared alongside a character 1.6 This management plan sets out the local authority’s approach to appraisal to fulfil the local planning authority’s statutory duty to managing development and change within the Old Harlow review and monitor conservation areas in the District and to produce Conservation Area. It is based on an appraisal of the character of proposals for their preservation and enhancement. the conservation area. 1.3 The purpose of this management plan is to: What is the planning status of this document? identify issues, challenges and threats affecting the character of the conservation area; 1.7 The appraisal and management plan are material considerations when determining planning applications within the Old Harlow highlight opportunities to more effectively manage and Conservation Area. They have the status of a supplementary preserve the special character and key features of the planning guidance and support and amplify the implementation of conservation area; adopted planning policies with respect to the Old Harlow Conservation Area. suggest potential enhancement measures which could strengthen and reinforce the character of the conservation area;
provide design guidance and principles for areas covered by Article 4 Directions;
increase public awareness and involvement in the preservation and enhancement of the area;
provide a robust framework for making planning decisions; and
review and clearly define the conservation area boundaries, so that they reflect what is considered worthy of preservation.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 1 1 Introduction
Background Management plan structure 1.8 This management plan sits alongside the Old Harlow Conservation 1.11 The management plan is structured as follows: Area Character Appraisal. Both of these documents aim to provide an effective framework for managing growth and change in this Chapter 2 highlights a range of issues, challenges and threats sensitive area. facing the conservation area. These issues were highlighted during the character appraisal of the conservation area and Character Appraisal form the basis of the management plan proposals. 1.9 The purpose of the character appraisal is to describe the historic Chapter 3 provides a management and enhancement development of the area and to draw attention to the conservation framework for the conservation area. This sets out a positive area’s special architectural, historic and townscape character and strategy for addressing some of the issues, challenges and special qualities. During the character appraisal process a number threats identified. It provides a long-term framework through of conservation area challenges and issues were highlighted which which the special character of the conservation area can be have been taken forward in this management plan. effectively reinforced and strengthened over time. Management Plan Chapter 4 provides design principles and guidelines for Article 1.10 The management plan is an important output of the character 4 Direction areas within the conservation area. In these appraisal process. Proposals contained in the management plan are locations normal permitted development rights have been based on the findings of the character appraisal. removed for householders. This means that planning permission must be received before undertaking a range of development affecting the character of the front of homes. Guidance provided in this chapter sets out the design standards and principles the local planning authority will expect from development proposals in these sensitive areas.
Issues, challenges & threats
Character Appraisal Management Management & Article 4 Plan Enhancement Direction Framework & Guidance
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 2 2 Issues, challenges & threats
2.1 This section highlights existing and potential conservation issues Street clutter, highways signage and street furniture observed during the character appraisal process. It is focused on 2.4 Street clutter including highways signage, railings and other items of development issues and activities which affect the public realm and street furniture has a visually dominant and significantly detrimental the front of dwellings. This is because the way the area is impact on the character of the conservation area particularly at the experienced is significantly affected by the quality of the public entrances to Fore Street, High Street and Market Street from realm and the visual character of buildings which enclose streets Station Road. and public spaces. 2.5 Around grade listed landmark buildings the Gables and the George 2.2 The conservation area issues, challenges and threats identified in large and unsightly highways signage visibly detracts from the the conservation area are as follows: setting of listed buildings and heritage assets and has an unsympathetic and negative impact on important historic views High Street shop frontages present in the conservation area which are highlighted in chapters 8 2.3 Unsympathetic modern shop and restaurant frontages have and 9 of the character appraisal. diminished the historic character of the area and will need to be 2.6 Along the High Street clutter caused by advertisement hoardings resisted in the future to ensure that the High Street’s distinctive can block pedestrian movement and visually detract from the character is not gradually eroded. Particularly problematic designs historic character of the area. This could be addressed through are those which make use of bulky structures, metallic and plastic more effective management of the highway areas. materials and garish or overly bright colours. Security shutters and particularly large advertisement signs have also had a negative impact on the character of the streetscene.
Unnecessary and Signage and street clutter Street clutter on Fore Street unsympathetic signage reduces the appreciation of Unsympathetically designed shop High Street clutter due to advertisement hoardings to indicate the presence heritage assets fronts in terms of style, materials of a pedestrian area The Chequers and colour
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 3 2 Issues, challenges & threats
Highways severance at Station Road 2.10 Sustaining a flexible mix of uses will be important in maintaining the character of the high street and reducing its dependence on purely 2.7 The dominant impact of fast-moving traffic along Station Road is a retail uses and providing sufficient critical mass to support retail divisive element which severs one side of the conservation area uses. from the other. Whilst pedestrian crossing facilities are provided, there is significant scope to provide further traffic calming measures Large parking areas in order to slow passing vehicle speeds and create a more pedestrian friendly environment. 2.11 Within Market Street the close-knit and dense historic urban form has meant that a significant amount of residential parking needs to The Gibberd Blocks be accommodated in large central parking areas within the street. The presence of a number of mature street trees helps to ensure 2.8 The Gibberd Blocks are dilapidated and in need of restoration to that the potentially dominating visual impact of parked cars and ensure they fulfil their important townscape function at the eastern concrete areas is to some extent mitigated. However, during the entrance to the High Street. winter months the positive presence of trees is reduced and their removal would have a significantly detrimental impact on the Retaining the mix and character along the High Street character of the area and the attractiveness of the public realm. 2.9 High Streets across the country are having to change in order to address the impact of online and out of town shopping. Old Harlow Maintenance of heritage assets High Street is generally well positioned to adapt to changing 2.12 Maintenance of heritage assets is an issue, particularly on the circumstances as it comprises a healthy mix of small units and Gables. A number of these issues are currently being addressed. contains shops providing for local day-to-day needs in addition to a number of health, financial, professional and educational services, Public realm quality and highways maintenance cafes and restaurants. 2.13 Maintenance is required to paving, particularly along Fore Street where much of the pebbled paving is cracked and in need of repair.
Maintenance of pavements, Fore Street
The Gibberd Blocks (2012) The Gables (2012) Parking areas between Market Street and Fore Street
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 4 2 Issues, challenges & threats
Unsympathetic replacement doors and windows Front garden boundaries 2.14 Original and traditionally designed Georgian and Victorian vertical 2.17 Within the late-Victorian and Edwardian character areas front sliding timber sash windows and flush timber casement windows boundaries play a key role in generating a consistent and well- are highly attractive architectural features and play an important role defined linear streetscape character. in generating the historic character of the area. Likewise, original panelled timber doors are also highly attractive and colourful visual 2.18 The complete removal of front garden boundaries has occurred elements which make a significant contribution to the area’s strong along the High Street due to the absence of on-street parking and and distinctive character. the presence of relatively deeper front gardens. Whilst this has eroded the streetscape character of this part of the conservation 2.15 The removal of these features and their replacement with area, this has provided essential on-plot parking for residents in unsympathetic and inappropriately designed uPVC and aluminium what are relatively narrow plots on a busy road. windows and doors is an issue in the conservation area, particularly where homes are not listed and where normal permitted 2.19 The removal of front garden boundaries, particularly on terraces development rights could allow the loss of such features without the which are contained within the same housing group and share need for planning permission. identical boundary features (eg. Oddfellow’s Terrace, Mulberry Terrace and Kimberly Terrace) would erode the homogenous 2.16 Over time the loss of these important features can gradually erode character of these significant housing groups. the character of the area and the threat of further erosion has now been addressed through the implementation of an Article 4 Direction.
Loss of front garden boundary along High Street and Bury Road
Examples uPCV and aluminium replacement windows and doors
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 5 2 Issues, challenges & threats
Front and porch extensions Large garages 2.20 Porch and front extensions on terraced homes and on other 2.22 There are a number of examples of bulky garages and front dwellings which follow consistent building lines adjacent to the extensions which have a rather dominating and negative effect on pavement are a particularly sensitive design issue in the the overall character of a number of homes. conservation area. This is particularly evident in Market Street and along Bury Road and New Road. 2.21 Front porches in such circumstances erode the linear character of the area as they interrupt the consistent building line that is a critical component of views in the conservation area. Porch extensions on housing groups such as Kimberly Terrace have also diminished the sense of unity, continuity and rhythm which are essential visual characteristics of the original Edwardian design and layout.
Large garages Wheelie bins
Wheelie bins 2.23 The presence of large wheelie bins can also have a detrimental visual impact on the character of the street scene within the conservation area. This is particularly noticeable along Edwardian terraces which have wrought iron railing front boundaries which are more visually permeable than other forms of front boundary such as wooden fences or hedges which help to screen these plastic and bulky features from view.
Satellite dishes Front and porch extensions 2.24 Satellites on the front of homes can detract from their overall visual
Top left - Kimberly Terrace appearance and roofscape character of the conservation area and over-shadow original historic features such bargeboards, brickwork Top - Market Street detailing, chimneys and other façade and roofscape features. Left - Market Street
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 6 3 Management & enhancement framework
Introduction 3.3 The management and enhancement framework identifies the following features: 3.1 This management and enhancement framework aims to provide a positive long-term strategy for guiding development and change in grade listed and locally listed buildings and unlisted buildings the conservation area over a 20 year period. The key features of the which enhance the character of the conservation area. It framework are set out on the map below and outlined in this distinguishes these from the buildings have a neutral or chapter. different character. 3.2 The management and enhancement framework draws attention to important views, landmarks and building lines; some of the key features and significant assets present in the trees which provide an important townscape function; conservation area. It also highlights a range of management and public realm issues, planning and townscape considerations and Article 4 Direction areas; potential opportunities and interventions. These aim to preserve and important green spaces; and enhance Old Harlow as a unique heritage as set so that it can be enjoyed now and in the long into the future. important areas of public realm which could be enhanced.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 7 3 Management & enhancement framework
3.4 The purpose of the management and enhancement framework is to amplify the existing planning policy designations as set out in the Adopted Replacement Harlow Local Plan (2006). It will be reviewed and potentially amended over time to ensure that it reflects the conservation issues facing the area. 3.5 The framework is based on the detailed character appraisal and townscape assessment carried out during the preparation of this document. 3.6 It will be implemented alongside other planning policies and guidance such as the National Planning Policy Framework, Harlow’s adopted Local Plan and the Harlow Design Guide Supplementary Planning Document. 3.7 The preservation and enhancement recommendations contained in this section will form part of the evidence base upon which detailed policies to be contained in the Council’s forthcoming Local Plan. It Harlow Design Guide SPD National Planning Policy should be noted that funding has not been secured for a number of Framework (2012) the enhancement recommendations and that they represent long- term aspirations for the area.
Character key issues, challenges appraisal and threats
Management and enhancement framework
Existing planning policy designations as set out in the Harlow Local Plan (2006)
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 8 3 Management & enhancement framework
Building lines Views and landmarks 3.8 Important building lines are defined on the management and 3.12 Important views and landmarks are shown on the management and enhancement framework and these need to be respected in order to enhancement framework. These are derived from a detailed maintain the strong historic character of the conservation area. The character and townscape appraisal of the conservation area. Old Harlow Character Appraisal highlights the important townscape 3.13 The setting and design of landmarks and views needs to be function of historic building lines in the area and their role in: managed carefully in order to reinforce and strengthen the historic defining and enclosing historic streets and public spaces; character of the area and this will be an important material planning consideration when making planning decisions affecting the area. shaping the rhythm and overall composition of important historic views in the conservation area; and 3.14 The enhancement of major landmarks such as the Gibberd Blocks and the George through refurbishment and repainting will providing evidence of planned and organic forms of urban strengthen their landmark role as gateways marking the entrances growth which are interwoven to form the area’s rich historic into the High Street and Fore Street. and townscape tapestry. 3.15 Where other opportunities are presented to provide enhanced 3.9 In a number of instances in the conservation area the visual landmarks to reinforce the character of the area through the appreciation of important and historic building lines have been development management process this will be achieved in a eroded by infill development which has failed to respond to sensitive manner taking into account the findings of the character prevailing building lines. This has resulted in gaps in predominantly appraisal and the setting of heritage assets. consistent building lines and this diminishes the sense of visual continuity and enclosure. 3.16 Glimpsed views of churchyards to the rear of Market Street and Fore Street and across the Garden of Remembrance towards 3.10 Small-scale changes to unified terraces and historic buildings such Victoria Hall are attractive features of the conservation area. Where as alterations to regular architectural features and porch and side trees plays an important townscape role in defining views such as at extensions can interrupt the visual rhythm present along building Mulberry Green and the Garden of Remembrance the impact of tree lines. This is an issue which needs to be managed sensitively in works will need to be carefully assessed. order to preserve the visual character and harmony of the area. 3.11 Modern infill development along Station Road however has demonstrated how following traditional building lines can help strengthen and reinforce the area’s character.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 9 3 Management & enhancement framework
Shop fronts and advertisements 3.17 Shop fronts are vital elements in the character and appearance of the street scene along the High Street. Shop front and advertise- ment design can, if handled with skill and care, enhance the character of the conservation area and improve the appearance of historic buildings. Handled badly, it can have the opposite effect and have a significantly negative impact on the conservation area’s overall character and quality. An attractive shopping environment can also have a beneficial effect on the vitality and viability of the shopping area. 3.18 Shop fronts should be designed to be integrated with the whole building, reflecting its period and style. The layout, design and proportions of any new shop front should respect those of the Historic shop fronts building as well as adjacent properties on the High Street. The selection of appropriate materials should be guided by the age of the building. 3.19 One of the defining characteristics of Old Harlow High Street is how a number of historic shop frontages and buildings lie adjacent to post-war New Town buildings and shop fronts and respecting this strong character can help to reinforce the special character of the High Street. 3.20 As shown below in the case of Gothic House on the corner of Station Road / High Street, the redevelopment of a shop front can provide significant opportunities to strengthen the High Street’s special historic character, particularly where shop front design is guided by the design and period of a building. New Town era shop fronts
Far left Welfords, circa 1960 (Source: Harlow Museum)
Left Gothic House (2012)
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 10 3 Management & enhancement framework
Shop front restoration and preservation Engravings and details 3.21 Traditional shop fronts present along the High Street and Fore 3.28 As part of the overall design, it is the little details that make the Street are significant features of the conservation area and play a building individual and interesting. Many of these items, such as key role in defining the historic character of the area. engravings, mouldings and door handles may be original and an important part of the historic value. These features should be Elements of a traditional shop front retained and incorporated into the proposed design. 3.22 There are several elements that make up a traditional shop frontage. Each of these elements should be in proportion to give a balanced and pleasing appearance. Where external works are proposed to existing traditional shop fronts the Council will ensure that the following architectural features, where present, are preserved:
Cornice 3.23 The cornice is the decorative or moulded ledge along the top of the fascia. Its purpose is to provide weather protection to the facia and provide a horizontal visual break to the building.
Fascia
3.24 The fascia is the section that normally has the shop name located Traditional elements of shop front design on it. It should be approximately 10% of the shop front height, much larger, and may overpower the shop front and be visually dominant and out of scale.
Capital, pilaster and console 3.25 The capitals, pilasters and consoles provide the vertical break or edge to the shop front. They are the main columns which hold the shop front together visually and structurally.
Stallriser 3.26 The stallriser is the section beneath the shop window constructed usually in timber, brick or stone or covered with glazed tiles.
Mullions 3.27 Traditionally timber, though later shop fronts can be of metal, they provide vertical structural support to the shop glazing. Dorringtons Old Harlow
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 11 3 Management & enhancement framework
Raising the quality of modern shop front design Lighting 3.29 A number of poorly designed modern shop front facades and 3.34 Internally lit projecting signs and fascias negatively affect setting security shutters negatively affect the character of the High Street. and appearance of historic buildings and the overall character of the The historic character of the High Street can be reinforced by area and are not likely to be appropriate in the conservation area. replacing unsympathetically designed shop fronts with more 3.35 Projecting light fittings and lamps should be carefully designed and appropriate and more carefully designed shop fronts that take into located and be sympathetic in scale and materials, responding to account the architectural character of historic and New Town the age and character of the building and neighbouring properties. buildings and neighbouring facades along the High Street. 3.36 Examples of visually discreet light fittings would be trough Colours lighting or spot lights. Light spillage should be minimised by 3.30 The choice of colours should be complementary to the building and ensuring lamps are orientated towards to illuminate the fascia of the period, the materials of a shop front and building and neighbouring shop and avoid glare to adjoining areas. properties. Care should be taken to ensure colours chosen do not appear garish and visually detract from the overall character of the area. Materials 3.31 Painted timber joinery is preferred to aluminium and plastic frames, doors and structures are not considered in the conservation area. Glazing 3.32 Large areas of undivided glass should in general be avoided as they are of less visual interest and can detract from the overall character of an older building. However, in contemporary shop fronts, larger glass panes are a characteristic of their appearance. Consideration of the age and style of the building will influence the size of the fenestration selected. Security features 3.33 Security shutters have a deadening and visually detrimental impact on the character of the streetscape and should be avoided on the external facades of shop fronts. Alternative security measures which would preserve the character of the High Street would be to install strengthened glass; to place grilles on the inside of glass windows; or, as a minimum, to use more sympathetic shutter designs such as those which include visually permeable and light weight shutters set within unobtrusive slender housings. Above a range of unsympathetically designed shop fronts along Old Harlow High Street in terms of materials, colours and security shutters
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 12 3 Management & enhancement framework
Locally listed buildings 3.37 The character appraisal has provided the opportunity to examine whether any buildings within the conservation area are worthy of being added to Harlow’s schedule of locally listed buildings. 3.38 Whilst locally listed buildings do not receive the same level of statutory protection as grade listed buildings they are an important part of Harlow’s heritage because of their local architectural and historic value. Their presence enhances the quality of the local environment by providing an irreplaceable understanding of the past helping to generate a distinctive local character. 3.39 Locally listed buildings are heritage assets as defined by the National Planning Policy Framework. The purpose of including buildings on the local list ensures that their special interest is taken into consideration when determining planning applications which would affect their significance or their setting. 3.40 The following buildings in the conservation area are locally listed: 75,77,70 High Street 2 London Road 1 Green Man Cottage, Mulberry Green 82 High Street - Fire Engine Station, Mulberry Green Mulberry Cottage - 37 Mulberry Green 39 Mulberry Green Little Mulberry Cottage - 35 Mulberry Green 101 High Street, Methodist Church converted to apartments Victoria Hall, Bury Road The Chestnuts, 1 New Road Number 9 Watlington Road 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Mulberry Terrace Oddfellow’s Terrace (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 Park Hill ) Kimberly Terrace, Bury Road (53-75 Bury Road) 37 and 39 Bury Road
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 13 3 Management & enhancement framework
Street trees and green spaces 3.41 Street trees play an vital role in generating the special character of the conservation area and are an important resource which enhance the quality of the public realm and urban environment. Trees can improve people’s quality of life and perceptions of the visual quality of streets and public spaces. 3.42 Particularly important street trees are found on Market Street and Fore Street which play an important townscape role in softening the impact of large areas of parked cars. Also significant are mature trees along Mulberry Green, Watlington Road and those found at St John’s Churchyard and at the Garden of Remembrance. Trees on private land fulfil a valuable role in enhancing the visual amenity and character of the area. 3.43 The local planning authority must be notified six weeks prior to carrying out any works to trees in the conservation area. It will then assess whether the tree in question should be subject to a tree preservation order and whether the proposed works are acceptable. If no decision is made within the six week period then the proposed works have deemed consent and may be carried out. 3.44 When considering works to trees reference should be made to the townscape appraisal map and a particular tree or group of tree’s role in defining important views in the conservation area and in generating the area’s special townscape or landscape character and setting.
Maintenance of street trees 3.45 Trees should be retained in their natural shape and form wherever possible. Large trees may require thinning to avoid problems such as excessive shading of adjacent areas. It is important to employ experienced and skilled professionals who understand the requirements of each species. With expert attention it is possible to reduce the density of the crown of a tree whilst still retaining its height and natural form. A healthy tree may be easily ruined by drastic lopping and may produce a mass of dense shoot growth following unskilled pruning and this may alter the natural character of the tree.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 14 3 Management & enhancement framework
Enhancement of the Old Harlow’s historic core Short-term enhancements 3.46 The enhancement strategy focuses on reinforcing the character of 3.48 A number of key projects such as the refurbishment of the Gibberd the historic core of the conservation area. This area comprises the Blocks and The George have been recently undertaken or are High Street, Market Street, Fore Street and the junction with Station currently being undertaken through the Historic Building Grants Road. Scheme associated with the Old Harlow Partnership Scheme. This has involved Harlow District Council, Essex County Council, 3.47 This area contains the greatest number of listed buildings and English Heritage. important unlisted buildings in the conservation area, as well as some of the most important public spaces. It is also the heart of Revitalising the Gibberd Blocks commercial and social life, so experiences the greatest level of pedestrian activity. Consequently, the enhancement of this area 3.49 The Gibberd Blocks have a significant architectural and historic could have the biggest impact on the identity and character of the presence on the High Street but are currently dilapidated and have conservation area as a whole. been in need of renovation for some time. Restorative work involving repainting and general maintenance is urgently required to restore the Blocks. This will ensure that they fulfil their important townscape function and enhance the character of the conservation area and provide a more welcoming and attractive eastern entrance to the High Street. 3.50 The Gibberd Blocks are now being renovated and repainted and at the time of writing these important enhancements were still under way. Works to enhance the external appearance of these buildings includes the re-painting and re-cladding of exterior walls and roof materials and the provision of new window frames.
Gibberd Blocks (2012) Refurbishment in progress (2013)
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 15 3 Management & enhancement framework
Long-term enhancement aspirations Market Street and Fore Street 3.51 A number of longer-term public realm enhancement measures could 3.56 Public realm enhancements along Market Street and Fore Street be delivered more gradually as funding and planning opportunities could enhance these central highly attractive spaces and important are presented. views. This could comprise the renewal of cracked paving areas and additional tree planting around parking areas in order to soften 3.52 Whilst there is scarce funding currently available for public realm the dominant visual impact of parked vehicles and large areas of projects, this management plan will be key consideration where hard- standing. Appropriate street trees such as Turkish Hazel highways and public realm works are proposed by the highways could be housed in tree pits and bound within durable surface authority. As the management plan is also likely to be in place for 20 paving such as resin bound paving. Heritage-style street lighting years so the opportunity is taken to sketch out a range of projects along Market Street and Park Hill could also enhance the historic that would enhance the conservation area and its setting and character of these areas as lighting columns here do not address some of the issues identified during the appraisal. necessarily reflect the historic and pedestrian friendly character of this street. De-cluttering & street furniture 3.53 The historic and intimate character of pedestrian spaces around the Wayre Street car park and connections Gables and the George is diminished by the presence of large 3.57 The quality of the public realm around the Wayre Street car park highways signage and street furniture, large bollards and and bus stop is of a poor quality and enhancements to this area unattractive yellow bins. The de-cluttering and smartening up of this would help to reinforce the character of Old Harlow and create a area would significantly enhance the setting of heritage assets and better sense of arrival. Pedestrian connections between the car the quality of the public realm. park and High Street could also be enhanced.
Severance at Station Road 3.58 Short-term soft enhancement measures could be undertaken at Wayre Street car park and bus stop through tree planting along the 3.54 In the long-term, public realm enhancements to the pedestrian wide footway which curves around the parking area. In the long- crossing at Station Road between Fore Street and the High Street term a lack of natural surveillance caused by dead-frontages and should aim to address highways severance issues where fast- rather shabby backs of properties could be rectified through the moving traffic has a divisive impact on safe and pleasant pedestrian re-alignment and redesign of Wayre Street and the parking areas to movement between the two sides of the historic core. facilitate some frontage development on the rear of the High Street 3.55 Given that the A414 by-passes Old Harlow, Station Road now forms or on the south side of Wayre Street overlooking the car park. a more local role and this increases the scope for enhancing the pedestrian crossing facilities between the High Street and Fore Street. Traffic calming measures at the existing crossing could involve the introduction of pedestrian priority measures, such as a raised-table / speed-table pedestrian crossing facility which would help to reduce vehicle speeds and make pedestrian movement safer and more pleasant thus allowing the fuller appreciation of heritage assets and historic spaces.
Wayre Street car park Market Street
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 16 3 Management & enhancement framework
Highways signage and de-cluttering 3.62 De-cluttering measures would need to be agreed with and implemented by the Highway Authority, Essex County Council and 3.59 The volume and design of street furniture and signage on Fore should be implemented in accordance with the adopted Street Street, Market Street and Station Road negatively affect the setting Materials Guide, Design and Good Practice (2012). This document of a number of listed buildings and diminishes the intimate and recommends that: historic character of the spaces found between buildings. This is particularly the case around the Gables, the George and the the character of conservation areas should be preserved and Marquis of Granby. enhanced through the use of materials and street furniture which is appropriate to its context and compatible with the 3.60 The rationalisation and redesign of highways signage and street historic setting of an area. furniture at this central area in the historic core of the conservation area and the removal of unnecessary clutter could significantly street furniture and materials should address and take enhance the quality of the public realm in this area and the setting consideration of landmark buildings as well as historic of important historic buildings and spaces. features and spaces.
3.61 The presence of very large highways signage indicating no bollards should be used sparingly and replicate historic design stopping for vehicles and bicycles at the entrances to all public where they exist. spaces on Fore Street, Market Street and High Street seem to be particularly unnecessary given the presence of bollards restricting signage should have due regard for context and a specific site vehicle access. Unsympathetic yellow bins and a rather shabby location rather than be a purely desktop interpretation of array of different bollards also add to the area’s messy and cluttered national guidance. appearance. 3.63 The document also endorses guidance set out by English Heritage Guidance ‘Streets for All’ which promotes the following principles: reduce street clutter promote coordinated design reinforce local distinctiveness through careful selection of materials and detailing 3.64 These principles are strongly supported and should be carefully followed when redesigning the street furniture and paving in the area.
Street clutter and highways signage around Station Road, Fore Street, Market Street
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 17 3 Management & enhancement framework
Conservation area street furniture Bollards 3.65 The potential rationalisation and replacement of street furniture 3.67 Around Market Street, Station Road and Fore Street there are an should ensure that traditional and distinctive lighting columns and inconsistent variety of bollards which do not all enhance or lanterns and bike stands are retained along the High Street. Placing strengthen the character of the area. Cast iron bollards finished in large highways signage on traditional lighting columns (as shown black have been installed at the top of the High Street entrance below) should be avoided as this diminishes their positive impact on from Station Road and it would be appropriate for this style and the street scene. colour of bollard to be used throughout the area when eventually replacing the existing wooden and concrete bollards at Fore Street and Market Street in order to achieve a consistent, neat and coordinated public realm.
Bins 3.66 There are a number of bright yellow and orange bins along Market Street and Fore Street which have an unsightly and incongruous presence in the conservation area and detract from the setting of adjacent listed buildings and historic spaces. These should be replaced with a more visually appropriate and consistent range of Fore Street / Market Street Market Street bins such as metal or iron cast black bins or Victorian-style black plastic litter containers as shown below. Prior to implementing new street furniture the local planning authority and historic buildings advisor should be consulted.
High Street - Cast iron bollards finished in black
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 18 3 Management & enhancement framework
Street lighting The Refurbishment of the listed and historic conservation area buildings 3.68 Along the High Street conservation style lighting through the use of Windsor lanterns and Oxford column lighting fixtures has helped to 3.73 A number of listed and unlisted historic buildings have been in reinforce and distinguish the character of this historic core location need of refurbishment and repair. Their refurbishment will have a in the conservation area. Along Bury Road and New Road standard significant impact in terms of reinforcing the character and black lighting fixtures provides a suitably consistent range of lighting attractiveness of the area. A number of these enhancements such columns. as the repainting of the former George Hotel have been achieved through the Historic Buildings Grant as part of the Old Harlow 3.69 However, along Market Street, Park Hill and Station Road there are Partnership Scheme. an assortment of street lights which do not all necessarily help to strengthen the special late-medieval and Victorian and Edwardian 3.74 Further restoration works would only be permitted where existing character of these areas. historic design, detail and materials would be replicated. All repairs would need to be carried out in accordance with Essex County 3.70 Significant enhancements to the street scene and character of the Council conservation guidance and would require approval of Essex conservation area can be achieved through the selection of an Country Council’s Historic Buildings Advisor. appropriate and consistent range of heritage street lamps and columns. 3.71 Street lamps and lamp posts should be ideally finished black and of an appropriate style to the character of the area. The design and height of lamps should distinguish between the hierarchy of streets. Windsor lanterns or standard lamps on swan neck lighting fixtures could be appropriate for intimate spaces and streets. Aston lamps used for taller lighting columns where streets where vehicular movement is more frequent, such as on Station Road and Market Street. 3.72 Rear caps can be used on most modern manufactured heritage lamps to ensure that light spillage to residential properties is minimised. Residents could also be consulted on the choice of lamps where changes are proposed.
Refurbishment of the former George Hotel building 2011 (left) - Prior to upgrades 2013 (right) - Following refurbishment work
New Road Windsor lantern Aston lantern
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 19 3 Management & enhancement framework
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 20 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Article 4 Directions Bury Road / New Road Character Area Article 4 Direction 4.1 To address the threat of the gradual erosion of the conservation 4.3 This Direction applies to: area’s key features and special character two Article 4 Directions Bury Road - all dwellings on Bury Road except number 85. are in place. These cover the Park Hill character area and Bury Road and New Road character areas. The properties covered by New Road - 1 to 33 (odds) these Article 4 Directions are listed to the right and shaded in High Street - 71 to 77 (odds) orange on the maps to the below. Old Road - 11 to 19 (odds) What is an Article 4 Direction? Park Hill Character Area Article 4 Direction 4.2 Article 4 Directions remove certain permitted development rights normally available to householders under the 1995 General 4.4 This Direction applies to: Permitted Development Order (as amended) (GPDO). Where an Park Hill – 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 Article 4 Direction is in place, householders must make a formal (Oddfellow’s Terrace) planning application to the Council and receive planning permission before carrying out the forms of development specified in the Mulberry Terrace – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Direction. Planning applications are made for forms of permitted Park Hill – 15 and 17 development removed by an Article 4 Direction can be made free of charge.
Oddfellow’s Terrace Bury Road Park Hill
Park Hill / Mulberry Terrace Bury Road / New Road Article 4 Direction Article 4 Direction
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 21 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
4.5 The Article 4 Directions remove the following forms of permitted Part 2 of the GPDO - Minor operations development as defined by the General Permitted Development Order (GPDO): The erection, construction, maintenance, improvement or alteration of a gate, fence, wall or other means of enclosure where a gate, fence, wall or other means of enclosure would Part 1 of the GPDO - Development within the curtilage of a front a highway (Class A). Basic and regular maintenance of dwellinghouse existing boundaries such as the trimming a hedge or varnishing a wooden fence would not require planning The enlargement, improvement or other alteration of a dwellinghouse - where this would front a highway (Class A). permission. This includes front extensions, re-cladding of walls and the The painting of the exterior of any building which would be replacement of doors and windows. visible from the highway (Class C). Any alteration to the roof of a dwellinghouse - where this would front a highway (Class C). Part 40 of the GPDO - Installation of domestic microgeneration equipment The erection or construction of a porch outside any external door of a dwellinghouse - where this would front a highway The installation, alteration or replacement of solar (Class D). photovoltaics or solar thermal equipment on either of the following: Development consisting of: (i) a roof slope forming the principal or side elevation of the the provision of any hard surface within the curtilage of dwellinghouse and would be visible from a highway; or the dwellinghouse - where this would front a highway; and (ii) a roof slope of a building within the curtilage of the dwellinghouse and would be visible from a highway. the replacement of such a surface - where this would front a highway (Class F).
The installation, alteration or replacement of a chimney, flue or soil and vent pipe on a dwelling house - where this would front a highway (Class G).
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 22 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Why are Article 4 Directions in place? 4.6 The appraisal has highlighted the important contribution these character areas make to the character of the conservation area. The areas contain highly attractive and well-preserved Edwardian and late-Victorian homes which contain a number of important original features such as sash windows, doors, chimney stacks and pots, bay windows and decorative bargeboards in addition to an attractive roofscape, consistent building lines and original building materials. 4.7 The appraisal has identified that there is a risk that the special character of these homes could be eroded as a result of small-scale unsympathetic changes. This could include the removal of front garden boundaries, original doors and sash windows and the construction of front porch extensions. Without an Article 4 Direction in place these changes could be carried out without the need for planning permission. How will planning applications be assessed? 4.8 The Article 4 Direction helps the Council to more effectively manage change in this important area, by requiring householders to submit a 4.10 In assessing planning applications, the Council would want to planning application when proposing certain changes which would ensure that the changes proposed are in keeping with the character affect the character of the front of their homes. Through the planning of the conservation area and that traditional features are preserved process the Council can ensure that small-scale development or replicated where possible or replaced by features which are proposals and alterations are undertaken in a way which reinforces sympathetic to the character of the area. and does not diminish the unique character of the area. 4.11 Planning applications in the Article 4 Direction area will be assessed 4.9 Appropriate support and guidance will be provided to householders on a case-by-case basis and will be informed by: when they are considering making these types of changes, to national planning policies with respect to design and heritage ensure that development is in keeping with the character of the assets as outlined in the National Planning Policy Framework area. (NPPF); Harlow’s adopted Local Plan (2006) and any subsequent Local Plan relevant guidance provided in the Harlow Design Guide SPD;
the character appraisal and design guidance provided in this management plan document; and specialist advice provided the Council’s heritage advisers.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 23 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Key design features and planning considerations in the Article Article 4 Direction design principles 4 Direction Areas 4.13 The following design principles will be applied within the Article 4 4.12 Within the Article 4 Direction area, particular design considerations Direction area. will be the desire to maintain the following elements: Quality Original late Victorian and Edwardian timber sash windows. 4.14 A major requirement for any development proposal in the Original wooden panel doors. conservation area is quality, covering the design, materials, workmanship and execution. Strong front boundaries formed by iron railings, wooden picket fences and hedges. Architectural design and character Brick lintels and other decorative brickwork details along 4.15 Whilst the local planning authority does not generally dictate the terraces and above windows and doors. choice of architectural styles it is important to note that the Article 4 Distinctive front gable bargeboards on roofs, bay windows and Direction contains a number of highly unified housing groups Doorways. whose relatively homogenous Edwardian and Victorian architectural features play a key role in generating the conservation area’s strong Cohesive and well-preserved rows of attractive Edwardian character. and late Victorian terraces. 4.16 Development proposals should make a positive contribution to this A consistent and rhythmic roofscape characterised by the local character and distinctiveness present. Proposals which fail to front sloping pitched and hipped roofs punctuated by respond to the identified characteristics of the Article 4 area are projecting front gable elevations and original chimney stacks likely to erode the character of the area and will be resisted. and clay pots.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 24 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Cladding Where painting a property is appropriate that suitable colours 4.17 Proposals to provide unsympathetic modern cladding on historic are used which reflect and help to strengthen the attractive properties in the Article 4 Direction area are likely to be resisted as Edwardian and Victorian character of the area. these features would be inappropriate in the conservation area and 4.19 Because the character of certain terraces is defined by shared erode the strong Edwardian and late Victorian character of the area brickwork colours and building materials proposals to paint a single which is characterised by the visibility of original brickwork or terraced home are likely to be resisted as this would erode the attractively painted facades. strong cohesive character of the terrace.
Painting of properties 4.18 Whilst planning permission is required in the Article 4 Direction areas in order to paint the walls of properties, the local planning authority will normally take a relaxed approach to these types of changes providing:
The dwelling in question does not comprise part of a cohesive terrace or pair of properties which exhibit a homogenous palette of brickwork materials and fenestration details. In these instances, the local planning authority will seek to ensure that the removal or important cohesive façade and brickwork features and the introduction of incongruous colours does not erode the strong homogenous character of particular terraces. Above - Distinctive shared brickwork details along terraces. Mulberry Terrace and Bury Road
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 25 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Quality, appearance and appropriateness of materials 4.20 The selection of appropriate render materials and paint is a critical issue within the Article 4 Direction area. It is important that the materials used in front facing extensions or alterations or on new dwellings is of a high standard and that the colour and texture of materials used is appropriate to its context. 4.21 The Council will require building and roof material materials of a similar appearance to be used on extensions or alterations visible from the highway. Where appropriate, the Council will require that sample of the proposed materials are submitted and approved as part of an application or will request through a planning condition that materials are submitted and approved prior to the commencement of an approved development.
Retaining special brickwork and lintel features and small details Small but significant details Left - Oddfellows Terrace war memorial 4.22 Small details such as brickwork engravings and detailing and Right - Bury Road. Engraved plastered lintels above doors and windows individual terraced name plates make a significant contribution to the special and distinctive character of the area and should be preserved and kept well-maintained where ever possible.
Chimneys and pots 4.23 Chimneys are a very important element of the roofscape character of the conservation area and these features should be retained unless they must be removed for structural or safety reasons. Replacement chimneys stacks and pots of a similar design and material will be sought where this is the case.
Chimney stacks and pots, Mulberry Terrace - Park Hill character area
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 26 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Porch extensions and front 4.24 Front and porch extensions are difficult to accommodate on homogenous groups of Edwardian and late-Victorian terraces in the Article 4 Direction areas. This is because these dwellings follow a highly regular building line with vertical façade elements along a terrace including traditional sash windows, brick lintels, panelled doors and decorative features such as bargeboards drawing the eye along the street and creating a highly cohesive and visually pleasing sense of continuity and rhythm. 4.25 The erection of porch extensions is problematic along sets of terraces as it diminishes the degree of visual symmetry and regularity present and introduces discordant visual elements which have a negative impact on the level of overall cohesiveness and group value of a terrace. Where terraces of group value are present porch extensions will be resisted as they would cumulatively erode the strong character present along Bury Road, New Road, Park Hill and Mulberry Terrace. Porch extension of gable bays on Kimberly Terrace
Cohesive Edwardian terraced properties along Park Hill and Bury Road which are highly susceptible to being negatively affected by porch extensions.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 27 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Front garden boundaries 4.26 Strong front gardens are a consistent and unifying presence in both Article 4 Direction areas and make a significant contribution to the linear character of Victorian and Edwardian streets. 4.27 Boundaries are provided in a range of types including: wrought iron railings wooden fencing picket fencing hedges brick walls Examples of how on-plot parking can be accommodated whilst still retaining a strong front a combination of brick, railings and hedges. garden boundary 4.28 All of the above boundary treatments will be acceptable within the Article 4 Direction Area providing they are of an appropriate height and visual appearance. 4.30 Where the partial removal of front garden boundaries is proposed to provide access to on-plot parking in a driveway or garage it is 4.29 The Council will encourage the retention of consistent wrought iron important to ensure that stretches of front boundary not required to railings at locally listed terraces such as Kimberly Terrace and provide vehicle access are retained, as shown above. This will Oddfellow’s Terrace. The provision of less visually permeable front ensure that this form of development does not erode the well- boundaries may however be justified in order to better screen defined Edwardian streetscape character of the area. wheelie bins providing a consistent and high quality approach is taken along the terrace.
Examples of the variety of front garden boundaries found in the Article 4 Direction area
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 28 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Windows 4.31 Traditional sliding 4 pane sash timber windows and flush casement windows are highly attractive original Victorian and Edwardian features which help generate the character area’s strong historic character. 4.32 Original windows are often the first to be considered for removal and replacement when homeowners are considering modernising their home. This often results in their replacement with unsympathetic uPVC windows which cumulatively erode the historic character of the area. 4.33 This is particularly the case where:
uPVC replacement windows are of a different visual character due to discordant window pane design;
where uPVC window panes are sub-divided differently (eg. through the use of top lights and other unsympathetic modern opening fixtures); and
where panel dimensions and fail to replicate the slender design of original timber frames and panels. 4.34 Original timber sash and casement windows sit flush within the frame, where as modern uPVC replacement windows tend to be bulkier and protrude outwards. Modern aluminium frame windows also fail to replicate the quality, visual appearance and longevity of traditional Victorian and Edwardian windows.
4.33 If it is necessary to replace or repair timber windows, this can be Top left - Traditional sliding sash windows
done without replacing the appearance of the original design and Top centre - uPVC replacement windows materials. In most cases modern double glazed timber windows can be made that faithfully reproduce the original design. Alternatively, Top right - Aluminium replacement windows secondary glazing can be installed on the interior side of a window (see photo - centre left). Centre left - Secondary glazing behind traditional windows 4.34 As an minimum uPVC replacement windows should ensure a Centre right - Sympathetically designed modern consistent window frame and panel sub-division design is replacement flush casement Windows, Old Road maintained on the whole home, which responds to the prevailing and original character of the windows and those found on adjacent Bottom - the importance of following window properties, for example, along a terrace or pair of properties. design on a terrace or pair of homes
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 29 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Doors 4.35 Traditional four panel doors are a colourful and important feature of the area’s strong Victorian and Edwardian character. Exhibiting strong vertical and rectangular dimensions, panel doors play a visually prominent role in defining the linear and homogenous character of the streetscene. 4.36 This strong late-Victorian and Edwardian character has been gradually eroded where modern replacement doors have been introduced which have a different design to the prevailing character. 4.37 A number of replacement doors in the area have segmental arches. Normally this feature is found above doors on Georgian homes and Traditional 4 panel doors Traditional Uncharacteristic is not an original feature of doors in the area, which have 6 panel door glass segments rectangular dimensions. Light can be easily drawn into the hall of a on a modern door dwelling through rectangular panel windows on doors. 4.38 uPVC replacement doors are an unsympathetic and discordant feature in the conservation area and should be resisted. 4.39 Original decorative brass features such as letter boxes, knockers and numbers are also highly attractive elements which should be retained or replaced.
Roof extensions 4.40 The roofscape character of Bury Road, New Road, Park Hill and Mulberry Terrace is defined by the visual prominence of two-story sloping hipped and pitched roofs, punctuated by projecting Edwardian gable elevations, bargeboards and chimney pots. Unless they are well-located, visually subordinate and of an incredibly high design quality, front-facing roof extensions are likely Sensitive roofscape of Bury Road to be highly visible and detractive elements which can easily and Park Hill characterised by the visual prominence of slate pitched interrupt the consistent and rhythmic roofscape character of streets. and 4.41 Consequently, in most instances proposed extensions to the front of roofs are likely to be resisted. Velux roof lights may be acceptable where these are positioned and aligned appropriately to take account of the character, proportions and dimensions of the main dwelling.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 30 4 Article 4 Directions & Guidance
Solar panels 4.42 Within the Article 4 Direction area proposals for installing solar panels and photovoltaic panels on roof slopes facing or visible front the highway will require planning permission and will need to be considered and assessed on a case-by-case basis. As a minimum panels should: be installed flush with the roof slope; not protrude more than 200mm beyond the plane of the roof slope; and not result in any part of the panel or equipment being higher than the ridge line of the roof. 4.43 Due to the special roofscape character along Bury Road, New Road and Park Hill it would be preferable for solar photovoltaic roof tiles to be used as these blend in with the predominantly slate tiled roofscape character and minimise the aesthetic impact on the conservation area.
Examples of solar photovoltaic roof tiles which retain roof tile lines and have a less visually detrimental
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 31 5 Boundary review
5.1 As part of the Old Harlow Conservation Area Character Appraisal a 5.2 A main recommendation of the Draft Old Harlow Conservation Area thorough review of the conservation area boundary has been under Appraisal was to remove dwellings on John’s Avenue from the Old taken in accordance with the local planning authority’s statutory Harlow Conservation Area and to create a new conservation area duties as outlined by the Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation with dwellings on Manor Road and the Hill - Harlow Garden Village Areas) Act. This involved: Estate. This was because: a detailed appraisal of the entire 2011 Old Harlow the dwellings along St John’s Avenue, Manor Road and the Conservation area as defined on Council’s 2006 Local Plan in Hill share a highly distinctive and cohesive architectural and order to establish whether all the areas within the boundary landscape character worthy of conservation area status; and were worthy of conservation area status; and the townscape character of these streets is very different from a character appraisal of adjacent areas to determine whether the late medieval, Victorian and Edwardian character found in any additional areas of Old Harlow warrant being designated Old Harlow; as a conservation area or being included in the Old Harlow and this was confirmed by the analysis of historic research Conservation Area. which examined historic maps and adverts published during the 1920s and 30s and used on the Great Anglia Railway. 5.3 In addition to this further recommendations of the 2011 character appraisal to remove dwellings on Penshurst and add buildings along Station Road have been enacted. This was due to dwellings on Penshurst having a different character to the Old Harlow conservation area and buildings along Station Road forming an important gateway into the conservation area and being of particular historic and architectural interest worthy of conservation area status.
Manor Road
Station Road
Advert for Harlow Penhurst Garden Village in the 1920s
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 32 Appendix A - Conservation area boundary map
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 33 Appendix B - Listed buildings in the conservation area
Name & Location Grade 1 The Gables, 1 Fore Street II* 25 9 Mulberry Green II 2 Mulberry Green House & Stables II* 26 The Cottswold, 11-23 Mulberry Green II 3 Hill House II* 27 Dormer Cottage, 31 Mulberry Green II 4 19 Fore Street II 28 The Green Man Public House & Hotel II 5 21 Fore Street II 29 The Old Forge, Mulberry Green II 6 23 & 25 Fore Street II 30 Gateway to Hill House II 7 Harlow Baptist Church II 31 Granary Cottage, 30 Mulberry Green II 8 Marquis of Granby Public House, 2 Fore Street II 32 Wall extending for 11 bays east of 30 Mulberry Green II 9 2 High Street II 33 2 Old Road II 10 7 and 9 High Street (fronting onto London Road) II 34 4 Old Road II 11 32 High Street II 35 West House, 7 Park Hill II 12 24 High Street II 36 9 Park Hill II 13 The Wayre, High Street II 37 Church of St John the Baptist II 14 Marigolds, High Street II 38 St John’s Cottage II 15 Chesnut Cottage, 71 High Street II 39 Former George Hotel II 16 Chequers Public House, Market Street II 40 1 Park Hill II 17 38 Market Street II 18 The Crown Public House, Market Street II 19 42-48 Market Street II 20 54, 56 & 58 Market Street II 21 60 Market Street II 22 3 Mulberry Green II 23 5 Mulberry Green II 24 7 Mulberry Green II
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 34 Appendix C - Locally listed buildings in the conservation area
Locally listed buildings 75,77,70 High Street 2 London Road 1 Green Man Cottage, Mulberry Green 82 High Street - Fire Engine Station, Mulberry Green 39 Mulberry Green Little Mulberry Cottage - 37 Mulberry Green Little Mulberry Cottage - 35 Mulberry Green 101 High Street, converted Methodist Church Victoria Hall, Bury Road Number 9 Watlington Road 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Mulberry Terrace, Broadway Avenue Oddfellow’s Terrace (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 Park Hill ) Kimberly Terrace, Bury Road (53-75 Bury Road) 37 and 39 Bury Road The Chestnuts, 1 New Road
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 35 Appendix D - Glossary
Accessibility: The ability of people to move round an area and to reach Desire line: An imaginary line linking facilities or places which people places and facilities would find it convenient to travel between easily.
Active frontages: Street elevations that are enlivened by visible activity Dead Frontage: A building frontage lacking in animated entrances and either within or outside the building. windows which does not generate activity or natural surveillance of the street; the opposite of an active frontage. Article 4 Directions: Designations imposed locally which restrict some of the permitted development rights which householders would otherwise Elevation: The external facade of a building. enjoy under the General Permitted Development Order. Where an Article 4 Direction is in place, applicants would need to submit a planning Enclosure: The use of buildings to create a sense of defined space. application and obtain planning permission before carrying out any of the development referred to in the Direction. Façade: is generally one side of the exterior of a building, especially the front, but also sometimes the sides and rear. The word comes from the Bargeboard: A timber piece fitted to the outer edge of a gable, some- French language, literally meaning “frontage” or “face”. times carved for decorative effect. Fenestration: The arrangement of windows on a facade. Building line: The line formed by the frontages of buildings along a street. Flemish Bond Brickwork: A type of brick bond in which headers and stretchers are laid alternatively in each layer of bricks. Bulk: The combined effect of the arrangement, volume and shape of a building or group of buildings. Gable: The vertical part of the end wall of a building contained within the roof slope, usually triangular but can be any 'roof shape’. Character assessment: An area appraisal identifying distinguishing physical features and emphasising historical and cultural associations. Garden City Movement: The Garden City Movement was a utopian town planning movement arose out of a reaction to the growth of industrial cit- Conservation areas: Areas of special architectural or historic interest ies proposed a new way of thinking about town planning in which housing designated by local authorities in order to protect and enhance their developments were planned with the wellbeing of their occupants in mind. appearance. Homes were laid out close to parks and areas of the countryside, with each home having its own garden. Landscape features and the architec- Hipped roof: A type of roof where all sides are sloped, similar to a tent. tural quality were also priorities.
Conservation area character appraisal: A published document defining Human scale: The use within development of elements which relate well the special architectural or historic interest which warranted the area in size to an individual human being and their assembly in a way which being designated. makes people feel comfortable rather than overwhelmed.
Density: This relates to the intensity of development. Residential Landmark: A building or structure that stands out from its background by densities are normally measured as the number of dwellings per hectare. virtue of height, size or some other aspect of design.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 36 Appendix D - Glossary
Layout: The way buildings, routes and open spaces are placed in relation Permitted Development: Small scale, often domestic, development to each other. which does not require formal planning permission provided it complies with criteria set out in Government legislation. Legibility: The degree to which a place can be easily understood and moved through. Public realm: The parts of a village, town or city (whether publicly or privately owned) that are available, without charge, for everyone to use or Local distinctiveness: The positive features of a place and its see, including streets, squares and parks. Also called public communities which contribute to its special character and sense of place. domain.
Massing: The combined effect of the height, bulk and silhouette of a Public Realm: All external space to which the public have access building or group of buildings. including parks, streets and squares.
Mixed uses: A mix of uses within a building, on a site or within a particu- Scale: The impression of a building when seen in relation to its lar area. 'Horizontal' mixed uses are side by side, usually in different surroundings, or the size of parts of a building or its details, particularly as buildings. 'Vertical' mixed uses are on different floors of the same build- experienced in relation to the size of a person. ing. Sense of place: Local characteristics which give a place identity. Natural surveillance: The discouragement to wrong-doing by the presence of passers-by or the ability of people to be seen out of Plot: An individual piece of private land surrounding a building. surrounding windows. Also known as passive surveillance (or supervision). Rendering: The covering of outside walls with a uniform surface or skin for protection from the weather. Node: A place where activity and routes are concentrated often used as a synonym for junction. Rhythm: The pattern of the height and proportions of a building or group of buildings e.g. vertically or horizontally. On-plot parking: Parking within a building's site boundary, rather than on a public street or space. Roofline: The line formed by a building or group of building’s roofs.
Pargeting: The use of external lime plaster in a decorative manner with Roof pitch: Relates to the slope and angle of a roof elevation. incised or moulded surfaces, especially timber-framed houses of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Street furniture: Structures in and adjacent to the highway which contribute to the street scene, such as bus shelters, litter bins, seating, Permeability: The degree to which a place has a variety of pleasant, lighting, railings and signs. convenient and safe routes through it. A permeable urban area has plenty of streets and it is possible to move through the area by a variety of routes.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 37 Appendix D - Glossary
Topography: A description or representation of artificial or natural Vista: An enclosed view, usually a long and narrow one. features on or of the ground. Visual clutter: The uncoordinated arrangement of street furniture, signs Townscape: The character and appearance of the built environment, and other features. including its underlying landform, natural features and ecology, colours and elements and the way these components combine.
Urban grain: The pattern of the arrangement and size of buildings and their plots in a settlement; and the degree to which an area's pattern of street-blocks, plots and street junctions is respectively small and frequent, or large and infrequent.
Urban form: Urban form refers to the physical layout and design of development. It takes into consideration the arrangement of streets and public spaces as well as the overall pattern, scale, density and use of buildings and plots.
Street Frontage: Is the area of land found between the building line of a property and the public highway.
Frontage development: Refers to the buildings which front and enclose streets and public spaces.
Sash window: A window that slides vertically on a system of cords and balanced weights.
Street furniture: Structures in and adjacent to the highway which contribute to the street scene, such as bus shelters, litter bins, seating, lighting and signs.
Urban Blocks: These are the areas between the streets in the street grid. An urban block will normally be occupied by a number of individual buildings.
Urban Fabric: A general term referring to all of the buildings of a city and the extent to which they relate to the public realm.
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 38 Appendix F - Bibliography
Bateman, L, H. (1969) History of Harlow, Harlow Development Corporation, Hertford
CLG, (2012), National Planning Policy Framework
Essex County Council (2012), Street Materials Guide: Design and Good Practice
English Heritage (2005), Streets for All (East of England),
English Heritage (2010), Understanding Place: an Introduction
English Heritage (2010), Understanding Place: Historic Area Assess- ments in a Planning and Development Context
English Heritage (2010), Valuing Places: Good Practice in Conservation Areas
Gibberd et al (1980) Harlow: The Story of a New Town, , PC: Stevenage
Jones, I, (1992) The Book of Harlow, Baron Birch
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 39
Old Harlow Conservation Area Management Plan 40