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Gender-Based Violence Analysis Baseline Assessment Report Zumar Sub-District in Ninawa Governorate in Iraq December 2018-January 2019

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Gender-Based Violence Analysis Baseline Assessment Report Zumar Sub-District in Ninawa Governorate in Iraq December 2018-January 2019 Gender-based Violence Analysis Baseline Assessment Report Zumar sub-district in Ninawa Governorate in Iraq December 2018-January 2019 Photo Credit: CARE Iraq Zummar Gender-Based Violence Analysis Baseline Assessment Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 2 Executive summary ................................................................................................................... 3 1. Background (Rapid Needs Assessment, Rapid Gender Analysis and GBV Analysis Baseline Assessment) .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 1. Background and Context ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Demographics ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2. Rapid Needs Assessment & Rapid Gender Analysis ....................................................................... 8 2. GBV Analysis Baseline Assessment ........................................................................................ 9 2.1. Objectives....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2.1. Tools ......................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Geographical scope of the Baseline Assessment ..................................................................... 11 2.3. Research Limitations .................................................................................................................... 12 3. Key Findings ........................................................................................................................ 12 3.1. Service Mapping (Including GBV Service Providers) .................................................................... 13 3.2. Community Perception of Security and Insecurity ...................................................................... 15 3.3. Socio-Economic Factors contributing to increased vulnerability and risk of GBV ........................ 15 Division of Labour and Roles within the Household ............................................................................ 16 Control of Resources ........................................................................................................................... 16 Household and Community-Level Decision Making Structures........................................................... 16 Financial Independence, Job Opportunities and Access to Resources ................................................ 17 Legal Framework ................................................................................................................................. 18 Freedom of Movement ........................................................................................................................ 19 Displacement, Conflict and Negative Coping Strategies ..................................................................... 20 3.4. Main Forms/Types of GBV ........................................................................................................... 20 Psychological impact ........................................................................................................................... 24 Forced Marriage (Including child marriage & early marriage) ........................................................... 24 Sexual Harassment .............................................................................................................................. 25 Physical violence ................................................................................................................................. 25 Domestic Violence & Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) ........................................................................ 25 Denial of access to resources and opportunities ................................................................................. 25 Honour killing ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Traditional harmful practices .............................................................................................................. 26 3.4. GBV Prevention and Response .................................................................................................... 26 3.4.1. Barriers and Challenges to Reporting ....................................................................................... 26 Limited services ................................................................................................................................... 27 Lack of Coordination: .......................................................................................................................... 27 Survivors’ Personal Safety ................................................................................................................... 28 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 28 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 29 FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES ONLY 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FGD Focus group discussion KIIs Key Informant interviews HHs House-hold visits GBV Gender-based violence NFI Non-food item PSN Person with Special Needs RGA Rapid Gender Analysis WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene FHH Female-headed household CHH Child-Headed household ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant SGBV Sexual-Gender based violence IPV Intimate Partner violence HLP Housing, Lands and Properties 2 Zummar Gender-Based Violence Analysis Baseline Assessment Executive summary The current crisis in Iraq has been designated by the United Nations as a protection crisis, where protection-related concerns are varied and very wide in scope and scale, spanning across the country. The protection risks range from deprivation, physical violence, coercion and forced displacement. This translates into to barriers to accessing rights related to housing, land, and property (HLP) issues; displacement, family separation; stigmatization, discrimination and isolation of persons considered to be affiliated with non-state armed groups and more specifically ISIL, including former ISIL combatants wives and children born from these unions (many of whom do not have civil documentation and are unable to access education and health services, among others); severe physical, mental, and emotional trauma related to the conflict; a marked increase in negative coping strategies such as child labour and child marriage as linked to reduced opportunities for both education and livelihoods; insecurity; and various forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The recent conflict targeted civilian populations and infrastructure to an unprecedented extent and recovery will require robust and concerted efforts to ensure the provision of basic services such as health, water and sanitation, education, security, access to justice and livelihoods. Both the GBV sub-cluster and protection cluster identified the biggest gaps in current protection service provision in the Ninewa governorate identifying Zummar and Rabe’a and surrounding villages as priority areas. As a result the main objectives of the current Protection and Health project are: 1. Responding to the affected populations health needs; and 2. Addressing the protection needs of the affected populations by providing GBV case management and psychological support to SGBV survivors whilst simultaneously 3. Awareness raising on GBV and the provision of information on GBV services through the distribution of dignity kits to respond to the immediate needs of individuals identified as vulnerable and at risk of GBV This project understands sexual and gender-based violence as a significant health and protection concern. The Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs) will provide a safer and more confidential channel to the provision of GBV related services for women, men, girls and boys. The regular mapping of GBV referral pathways by the GBV case worker and the provision of this information by community health mobilizes seeks facilitate access to services whilst simultaneously identifying and addressing capacity gaps to improve service provision. 1. Background (Rapid Needs Assessment, Rapid Gender Analysis and GBV Analysis Baseline Assessment) Figure 1: Main Gaps Identified by Women and Girls during FGD In April 2018 Rapid Gender Analysis Limited presence of actors (including health care centres) providing psychological and medical services for SGBV survivors; Cultural barriers and challenges in accessing GBV services (this includes stigmatization around seeking support, financial and mobility barriers); Lack of access to legal services and basic human rights as a result FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES ONLY 3 Between
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