1918. CO:N GRESS!ON AL BEOORD- HOUSE. 6675

Mr. XELSO:X. l\11·. Pre ·iLlent, I . imply wnnt to suggest to I moye thnt the Senate procC'etl to tile consideration of e:s:ecu­ Senator \Yho are oppo e(l to this item thnt t he .:implest way to tin' husi ne s. ucfent it i::; when the nan11 al11H'opriation bill come: bcfo:·c the Tile 1110tion was a;;reed to, nnll the Senate proceeded to Ute Senate pro\iding for the building of a dry dock. If you cnn con. ·ideration of ex:ecutiYe business. After fiye minutes spent eliminate that from the nnntl uill, and if.no proyi;·ion is made in executiYe sc3sion the (loors were reopened. for the building of a dry lace to make their objection is on the naval bill. · PnonsroxAL AProTXT:llEi.\'TS, BY Pno:.u:onox, IX THE Ar:~n:- . · ?\Ir. HA.TIDWICK. But many Senators may think it coulu be C.\\'A.LRY _\lDI. better located "·here it "·ould not be so expensiYely located, To uc first lieutenants. nor "·oulu it take so long to build it as a war measure. l\Ir. ' ELSON. I take it the Senator from Georgia, if they , ecouu Lieut. Arthur H . Besse, Can1lry, from ~larch 23, 1D18. e. tnblished a na\al . ta.tion at Bruns\Yick, would want the channel .'econd I.ieut. Charles '\V. '\Vhite, Ca\ahT, from April 10, 1Dl8. deepened to the extent of 40 feet to inake the dry llock and navy Seconu Lieut. John R Lindsey, CaYalry, from April 20, 1918. yard at Brw1swick a\ailable and within reach. :FJELD ARTlLT.EP.Y AR:ll. 1\lr. WADSWORTH. Does the Senator realize that tllel'e is To be captains. a. dry dock at Charleston now? First Lieut. Oscar I. Gate-·, Fiehl Artillery, from April 13, :\lr. NELSON. There may be a little dry , ~ I Ke· • D D Slll)erintenuent of the UniH'l'salist without injury to the war needs of the Go\-ernment : Provided, That the ~ev. u. · 11 0 ' • ·• · · - provisions of this section shall not apply to any expenditure heretofore Ja1:>an ::\1i sion, offered the follo-wing prnyer : specifically recommended by the Secretary of War as a ·war emergency. Our Father, who art in llenven and who art here, grant, we 1\Ir. CURTIS. I shoulcl like to ask tlle Senator from Florida pray Thee, that all that is

all government, and that the peace of righteousness may come excmpti.on, with .the re'u1t that if their report had been adopted and abide in all the world. eYery m.l anc.l ~meral lease would be subject to final .action by We ask it in the spirit and in tlle name of Christ our SaYior. an officml out m Oklahoma, the Superintenct them elves'! The truth is that everyone Knows, who 1s at all familiar with the Indian o.n the question of what we are to do with or for tlle Inatment of our ence, to eliminate the exception of the immensely valuable oil Indians is a national disgrace anry but have. never brought it up for con ideration and free nnc1 full effort has been made to radically extend and expand it in con­ discussion in the Hou e. It will be wise for this House to begin ference. to take notice of what the geutleruen from Oklahoma think fs In the first place, when the bill passed the House there was best for the Indians. Having squeezed through this limited suc­ in the above section simply the fir. t clau e carrying the appro­ cess for the coming year, they will be bolder hereafter aml urge priaUDn of $185,000. In the Senate they inserted an amend­ more complete demolition of Wn bington supervision of Indian ment, substantially as above, providing that- affairs and of Wnsbington protection of tllo intere ts of the No part of said appropriation shall be used in forwarding the undis­ Indians from local pres ure, political and otherwi e. The IInst­ puted claims to be paid from individual moneys- of restricted allottees, or i:heir heirs, or in fonyarding uncontested agricultural and mineral ings bill is the next step, and then ,vm come demnn

mittee, the gentleman from Oklahoma [)lr. C-AnTER], reue folio" : quoted: De it enacted, etc., That the Superintendent fot· the Five Civilized In view of the great loss of property which has resulted to those Tribes in Oklahoma· shall, after the passage and approval of this act, members who have had their restrictions removed by legislative enact­ have and exercise all the authority now conferred by law upon the ment, it is clearly the duty of the department to see that every pre­ Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior. or caution is taken to protect the property right of the 35,000 Indians, either of th<'m, respecting the lands allotted to the enrolled members most of whom are full bloods, whose restrictions have not yet been of the Fh·e Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma and their individual moneys: removed. Some of the e restricted Indians have oil allotments valued Provided, That any party ag;grieved by any decision or order of the at hundreds of thouf>anrls of dollars. The records show that there was :::;uperintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma may, within an oil production on Indian lands of the Five Civilized Tribes last 30 days from the date of said order or service of such llecision, appeal year amounting to 27,098,994 barrels, and roya)ty interest paid thereon from said order or decision to the Secretary of the Interior. to Indians amounting to $1,537,727. Revenue derived from agricultural and nonproducing leases approved by the department during the last That is where the gentlemen from Oklahoma nre leading fiscal year amounted to $354,571. 'l'hese restricted Indians owned on Congress in their direction of Indian affairs. Shall we follow June 30, 1915, 3,318.370 acres of land. There are deposited to the them? Shall we e>en start on the wny by accepting the prin­ credit of restricted Indians approximately $5,000,000, accruing from ciple ·which they seek to establish in this conference report? rents, royalties, and the sale of lands. Is local control of the e mutters better thaa detached con­ '.Vlly lodge all the responsibility for protection of these in­ trol? Is it better to have final decision in a political appointee tei·ests in an official stationed in Oklahoma, a political ap­ in Oklahoma rather than in the experienced Bureau of Indian pointee, subject to intense local pressure? Affairs, containing many skilled advisers holding their positions It is said the Indians suffer grave incon>enience by reason of under chil service, and rather than in the Secretary of the In­ existing regulations; that all leasen and expenditures must be terior, entrenched in the support of national sentiment for jus­ sent to Washington for approval, and that tedious and unending tice to the Indians, and una.ffecteo by local pressUI'e for rape of delays result. · their rights? But in the hearings on the Hastings bill the gentleman from Why is so radical a change urged in case of the Fi"ve Civilized Oklahoma [l\Ir. HAsTINGs], in his very inte~~esting and illuminat· Tribes? They have an immensely valuable heritage of agricul­ ing statement as to present requirements, stated that a re­ tural and grazing lands, of land rich in oil and minerals. Why stricted Indian can now make an agricultural lease of his home­ is it sought to give to an Oklahoma political appointee the final stead for one year or less, and of his surplus lands for five yeru·s decision in all matters pertaining to their vast estates? or less, without reference of same to Wash!ngton for approyal. Yesterday we heard much about-- 'Ihis must take care of multitudes of such leases. Mr. !JHANDLER of Oklahoma. 'Vill the gentleman yield for On the other hand, to make such a lease for a longer period a question? or to make an oil or mineral lease of his land, or to sell any of Mr. CRAMTON. I am sorry that I ha>e not the time. We his land, approval of the Secretru·y of the Interior is pecessary ; heard yesterday much about the Indians of less than half In· and in the case of untutored and incompetent Indians 'such ques­ dian blood, and of their capacity for business. To that we must tions are of such fundamental importance to their welfare that subscribe. We all know the gentlemen from Oklahoma, l\1r. such approval should be required. · CAnTER, 1\fr. HASTINGS, and 1\!r. CHANDLER, and others, and their That serious delay commonly results from such reference to capacity. But there are thousands of Indians whom they did Washington does not appear to be h·ue. At the hearings from not talk about yesterday, the Indians of more than half Indian which I have quoted, the Indian BuTeau furnished a detailed blood. I would be glad to quote a little from the gentleman report which showed that of 1,058 restriction cases received from Oklahoma [1\Ir. HASTINGS] in what he said about some of approximately 90 per cent had department action taken thereon these Indians in a letter in 1912 : and were mailed to the superintendent within 10 days fi·om the date of receipt by the Indian Office. In the other 10 per cent We m..lght as well be frank about it. Everybody who is familiar with the Indian, his history and tradition, knows that he needs assistance in of said cases the delays were occasioned in most of said cases the management of his lands. • • • by some complication of law or question of general policy. 1\Ir. HASTINGS. I trust that the gentleman will yield. Similar data as to oil leases show that, after the department. Mr. CRilfTON. The gentleman had 25 minutes last night. had once decided upon the general policy to be followed in Mr. HASTINGS. The gentleman does not want to misquote connection with such leases, action in individual cases has been me, does he? generally taken within a very few days from its receipt. Mr. CRAMTON. This is a signed letter. Approval of the Secretary is also required with reference to The SPEAKER. The gentleman declines to yields not provided for in otbpr sections of thesE> regu­ placed of record. · latiOns may be met by the superintendent without securing specific au­ thority. Expenditures under this section shall be reported in· the quar­ terly accounts, and th.i!:! section referred to as the authority for the ex­ The gentleman does not want them to be wanderers in their penditure." own land, he said, and I am sure that is his sincere desire. . Please acknowledge receipt of this circular and paste same between But, unfortunately, if Congre s follows him in the legislation he pages 4 and 5 of your book of Regulations Concerning the Handling of proposes and which the House Committee on Indian Affairs, Individual Indian Money. Respectfully, E. B. ~1ERITT, headed by another gentleman fi·om Oklahoma, indorses, we ure .Assistant 001nmissioner. likely in the end to find many full-blood Indians of the Five Approved, 1\Iarch Hi, 1915. A. A. JONES, Tribes landless and destitute. Fi1·st .Assistant Secretary. The Deputy Commis ioner of Indian Affairs, 1\lr. Meritt, Speaking· before the committee with reference to this o)·der1 stated before the Committee on Indian Affairs at the hearings 1\lr. l\lei)tt testified, in part, as follows: last session upon the Hastings bill : Mr. SNYDER. You say that under the general rule in the department the The act of May 27, 1908, removed the restrictions on more than superintendent bas general authority to handle moneys in these matters? 10,000,000 acres of land. There were originally belonging to the Five Mr. MERITT. Yes, sir. CivillzPil Tribes 19,525,266 acres, which were classifieu and appraised Mr.' SNYDER. Well, does he handle them? by 40-acre tracts. It will be seen that restrictions have been removed Mr. MERITT. Yes, sir. from practically two-thirds of the enrolled members of the Five Civi· Mr. SNYDER. What proportion does he handle, as to the whole lize

That the Indian nurcnu nnd this lH1ministration of the Inte­ half Indian· hlood wbcn. after careful investigation it i d terrn!ncll rior Department are solely tle irous of perpetuation ·of their that thPy nrc capable of handling their O\VD affair . ' This latter clas;.: ho"l'.:ever, will be much more limitecl since only about 40 per cent of the powers and are blind to the interest and progress of the In­ !nd1ans of ~be country !!peak the English language and the larger ma­ dians seems to be rather freely intimated here, though I dv ~~~~n~ c ~~~s latter class still greatly need the protecting arm of the not think any gentlemen here really desire to be so understood seriou ly. I n any event, the evidence of the case is against Th~ department i · working out these proiJlems in a mnnncr them. While insisting on retention of their authority as to that 1 sane, W'ise, and ind(:>pendent of local intere t or prejudice the incompetent it is constantly becoming easier and more a mat­ and should not be interfered with IJy radical legislation such as ter of course for the competent Indian or person of !)art Indian the Hasting bill, which is the goal of the Oklahoma gentleman. blood to be given his freedom from all restriction . In the last It. mny well be said thnt I do not know· much about Indian report of the Bureau of Indian Affair appears the following a.ffa~rs,. _But I haYe ?- right_ t_o rely on l\I~·· l\Ieritt, the Deputy declaration of policy, which was announced April 17, 1917: Comnusswn r of Indian Affairs, \Yho ·e new in oppo ition to DECLARATIOX OF rOLICY IX THE ADlliNISTRATIOX OF !XOUX AFFAinS. such legislation I have IJrl fly quoted. During the past four years the efforts of the administration of Indian I have a right to rely upon the judgment and e:q)erierice of affairs ha>o been largely concentrated on the foJlowing fundamental t~e able and efficient Secretary of the Interior, Hon. Frnuklin acti>ities-tbc betterment of health conditions of Indians, the suppres­ sion of the liquor· tl·affic nmong them, the improvement of theh· indus­ h... Lane, who hns hvice, over his signature, as such official trial conditions, the fm·ther devclopxpent of vocational training in condemned the Hastings bill. l:ncler date of February 23, 1916, their schools, and the protection of the Indians' property. Rapid he wrote as follows; - ' progres bas been made along all these lines, and the work thus reor­ DErJ.IlTllEXT OF TilE INTElliOU, ganized and revitalized will ~o on with increased energy. With these Washington, Feb1·uar-y fJ, 1916. activities .and accomplishments well under way, we are now ready to take the next step in om· a•lminlstrative program. MY DEAR Mn. ~n~rrrExs.: I am in r~ce ipt of your letter of Jan nary ~he time b~s. come for discontinuii!g guanlianship of all competent !gtitt;J~· transmitting, Wl t h r c.q ue t for report thereon, H. n. 10 ·, Indians and gwmg oven closer attentiOn to the incompetent that they ma,v more speedily achieT'O competency. :•A b~ll to confer upon the Superintendent for the Five Ci>llized Broadly speaking, a policy of greater liberalism will henceforth pre­ Tnbes. 1~ Oklahoma the authority now conferreu by law upon the Com~1SSione1· of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the IntPrior re­ vail in Indian ac1ministration to the end that every Indian as soon as specting lands allotted to the emolted members of the Fi>e Civilized he bas been determined to !Je a competent to transact his ~wn business Tribes and their indiv-idual moneys." as the average white man, shall be ~iven full control of his property ancl ha>e all his lands and moneys turned over to him, after which be The annual report of the Superintenuent for the Fiv-e Civilized Tribes wm no longer be a ward of the Government. for the year emling June 30, 1915, shows that lands have been allotted Pqrsuant to this policy, the following rules shall be observed : to Indians of the Fi>e Civilized Tribes in 40 counties of the State of 1. l'a tents in fe£>: To all able-bodied adult Indians of less than one­ Oklahoma, covering an area of 19,u25,9GU acres; that there have been half Indian blood, there will be ?:i>en as far as may be under the law enrolled_ 101,521 m.embers, which comprises approximately one-tbirrl of full and complete control of all their property. Patents in fee shall be the Indian population of the United States. Hy virtue of acts of Con·­ i su£>d to all adult Indians of one-half or more Indian blood who may gress, restrictions have been remov£>fl in a large number of cases so after careful investigation, be found competent, provided, that where t~at _on Ju~~ 30, 1~15, there were 32,540 rP.stricted Indians of the i •' ivc deemed advisable patents in fcc shall be witbbelu for not to exceed 40 C1nllzed 'Ir1bes. They had 3,318,370 acres of restricted lands under acres as a born£>. the. immediate supervision of the superintenllen t. There are oil lands Indian students, when the.r are 21 years of age, or o\·er, who complete of !ncalculable value in the Creek. Chickasaw, and Seminole Nations, the full course of instruction in the Government schools, receive wh1ch last year produced 27,098,994.02 a'l'o s barrels of oil, in whiclt diplomas. and have demonstrated competency will be so declared. the royalty interest of th~ Indian allottees amounted to $1,G37,727.47. 2. •ale of lands: A Hberal ruling will be adopted in the matter of An annual revenue of $3.>4,571.70 was deriveu from agricultural and pas ing upon applications for the sale of inherited Indian lands wb<>re nonproducing leases appro>ed by this department. the applicants r "tain other lands and the proceeds arc to be i1sed ~to The >astness of the estate that is being administered is apparent from improve the homesteads or for other equally good purposes. A more the foregoing facts. liberal ruling than has hitherto prc.ailed will hereafter be followed with The passage of the proposed legislation would, 3mon~ other powers, reganl to the applications of noncompetent Indians for the sale of' place in the hands of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes their lands, where they are old and feeble and need the- proceeds for all leasing for oil and gas mining purposes, all removal of restrictions their support. all investments of rndividual Indian fund , and the settlement of in: 3. C'eTtificates of competency: The rules which are made to apply in numerable questions of ~olicy arising out of the c matters. the ,granting of patents in fee and the sale of lands will be made equally B_y the a~t of June o01 1834 (4 Stat. L., 735) the Department of applicable in the matter of issuing certificates of <:ompetency. Indian Affaus was established, with a Commissioner of Indian Affairs 4. Indi>idual Indian moneys: Indians will be given unrestricted con­ as its immediate executive head and with supervision and anpcllatc trol of a11 their individual Indian moneys upon issuance of patents in powers vested in the Secretary of War. See also act of July 1.1 1R32 fee or· certificates of competency. Strict limitations will not be placed ( 4 St~t. L., 564) . By the act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stat. L.,' 3~5), up9n the use of funds of the old. the indigent. and the invalld. establishing the Interior Deparbnent, the supervisory and appellate a. Pro rata shnres-tru t funds: As speedily as possible their pro powers previously exercised by the Secretary of War with relation to rata shares in tribal tt·ust or other funds shall be paid to all Indians all acts of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs were transferred to the wbo ltave been declared competc.nt, unless the legal status of such Secretary of the Interior and the Indian Office was placeu under the funds p1·e•ents. Where practicable the pro rata shares of incompetent newly created department. Indian will be withdrawn from the Treasury and placed in banks to Section 4G3 of the Revised Statutes of the United States reads: their individual credit. " The Commissioner of Indian Affairs shall, under the direction of the G. Elimination of in eli~ible pupils from the Go>ernment Indian Secretary of the Interior, and agreeably to such regulations as tho schools : In many of our 1Joaruin6 schools Inuian children are being President may prescribe, have the management of all Indian affairs ~>dncntNI at Go>Prnment expense whose parents are amply able to pay and of all matters arising out of Indian relations." for their education and bnve public-school facilities at or near their The aboye enactments are of long standing, evidencing a well-estalJ­ homes. Such chiluren shall not hereafter be enrolled in Government lisbed govel'llmental pollcy applicable to the dealings of the Federal Inuian schools supported b.v gratuity appropriations, except on pay­ Government with it wa.I'dS. Justice Holmes, in delivering the opinion of the court in West v. Hitcl1cock (205 U. S., 80), said: ment of actual per capita cost and transportation. "The Department of the Interior generally has been the custodian of TbPse rniPs nre hereby made effective, ano all Indian Bm·ean admin­ Indian rights." ~ tratlvc officers at Washington and in the field will be governed accord- mg-ly. _ . The regulation of commerce with Indian tl'ibes is n. Federal obHga­ This is a new noel far-reaching declaration of policy. It means the tion, the executin functions restil1g primarily upon the Pre ldent. In dawn of a new Pra in Indian administration. It means that the com· the pe~formance of many of his dnti(>S arising out of Indian affair , as petent Indian \Yilt no longer be h·eated as half ward and half citizen. in other matters, be acts thl'ough an appropriate department of the It means rednced nppropriations by the Go>ernment and more self­ Government and through the ch\ef officers charged with the immediate respect and independence for the Indian. It means the nltimate absorp­ supervision of' the affairs of that department. (Wilcox v. Jackson, 13 tion of tlw Inclinn rnce into the bod:v politic of the Nation. It means, Peters, 498.) · in ·bod, the beginning of the end of the Indian problem. One of the chief reasons for placing the control of Indian affair!'! under the National Government was the locnJ prejudice of people of In carrying out this policy, I cherish the hope that all r eal friends the various States agalnst the Indians. In speaking thereof the of the Indian race will lend their aiel and hNirty cooperation. Supreme Court, in the. celebrated case of lJnitcd Stutes v. Kagama CaTO SELLS, Oommissioner. ( 118 U. S. 375, 383), saiCl : Approved: "These Indian tribes arc the wards of tho Nation. Th~y are com-- FnAXKLix K. LAXE, munities dependent on the United States. Dependent largely for Secretary. their daily food. Dependent for their political rights. They owe no As to this, Commissioner Sells states in his repoet: allegiance to the States, and receive from them no protection. De­ cause of the local ill feeling, the people of the States where they arc The cardinal [1rinciple of this declaration rc>olns around this cen- found are often their deadliest enemies. From their very weakness tral thought-that an Indian who is as competent as an ordinar)'- white and helplessness, so largely due to the course of dealing of the Federal man to transact the Mdinary affairs of life should be given untram- Government with them and· the treaties in which it has been promised; ·melcd control of his property and assured his personal rights in every there arises the duty of protection, and "ith it the power." parti<·ular so that be may have the opportunity of working out his own While this case was decided in 1885, conditions therein referred to de tiny. The practical application of this principle will relieve from still exist, e>en if in a modified degree. the guardianship of the Government a very large number of Indians who Attention is invited to the fact that in the course of bu. !ness con­ are qualified to mingle on a plane of business equality with the white stant reference is necessary to the records and papers of this depart­ people. It will also begin the reduction of expenditures and afford a ment and other departments. Especially is this true with litl~ation. better opportunity for closer attention to those who will need our pro- Transference of jurisdiction would, I feel sm·£', be accompanied with· tectlng care for ·omc years long~>r. - · confusion, delay, and uncertainty in obtaining information contained A Yitally irr.portant result also will be obtained in placing a true in sucll r .::ords anti papers. If sole superTision were. gmnted to the ideal before tho.:> Indians remainin~ under guardianship. It will bP a superintendent of the Fin! Ci>ilized Tribe. in the matters enumeratE!d strong motive. fo~· emh;avoring ~o reach the goal of competency, and i~ II. n. 10 , the r~asons therefor could be adyanced for also givln~ pro,·e a mat<'rla I mc~ntive to a SH}Cere effort for that end. . h1m the ~ole autbonty anu supcn-ision in the matter of the 'disposal • This new declamtion of pollcy 1s cal~ulated to release practlcalfy all of the tni.Jal properties worth many rnilllon dollars. In the event of' Indlan_s who bn v·. one-half or more wb1te blood although there will be I the passage <'f the proposed lcgislation, the decisions of the superin­ Hceptwns.ln the ('a~e of those w~o are manifestiY in~ompetent. It will tendent for the Five Civilize•l Tribes would in said individual Indian al o :;J;-c l1ke fretloru from guardianship to those havrng more than one- matters referred to in the bill be final, and there would be no right of 1918. CONGRESSION.A_L RECORD-HOUSE. 6679 app<'aL No person who initiates and directs the work in the fielr1 .A large proportion of the Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes bave shoulu in matters of such i"mportance lle the final arbiter as to his own bad but slight experience in business affairs, especially in dealing with acts. The conferring of the power pwpose!l by this bill 'yonlll Test titiPS affecting real estate, and can be easily dupe(], as shown by almost in the su}Jerintendent of the FiYe Civilized Tribes absolute authority endle:;.· reported instances. It will be suicidal to remove the protection in the administration of the matter indicatNl, a greater authority than of the Federal Government oyer these "'ard and place them under a is now conferred upon th Commissioner of Indian Affairs, '"bose acts ~u p erinten d ent made sub~ervicnt to State patronage by requirl'ment are Ia r~re ly supervised bv tht> l::lecrt>tary of the Interior. that the appointment must !Jc confirmed !Jy the Senate. As was stated Mr. GallP E. Parker, the pre ent superintendent of the Five Civilized !Jy the late Hon. Joseph H. - Choate, in :u1dressing lion. HExnY F. Tribe • in his r~port of .L 'ovembN· 3, 1915, concerning the protPst and AsHt:HST, cllairman of the Committee on Indian A.ffairs, United States pr<' ure brought to bene upon 'Ihomas Long, a full-lllooy the strong. From the earliest times the intent of our "There is every pres ure imaginable, not only fr·om those who de ire people has bePn to give the Indian that protection." to separate the In(]lan from his money, bnt in many ca es from Indians 'l'hC' Indian Rights A ·sociation has acth·ely opposed the adoption of themselves. brought to bear upon me to purchase Tarious and sundry tbi · cla ~s of legislation. things with Indian monl'ys, or to make loans on all ldnlls and classes or security, and r-ven to pay out the money without re trlctions thereon I hn.Ye a right to rely on the juugment of the Jnte Hon. Jo.·epli whatever, to individuals, guardians, administrators, and every other H. Choute, who fought the aie. is that the history of the Fi.-e Civilized Tribes is not unen such vast powprs of final uecision A number of years ago they owned certain lant1lorable give the facilities to the Indian by which he can haYe a fair condition; that they needed schools; that they needed relief; opportunity of equipping himself for citizen ·llip under a \Yllite that their children were growing up in ignorance, and tllat many ciYilization. [Applause.] could not speak the English language. In fact. everyone who 1\lr. CAMPBELL of Kao ·a.·. i\lr. Speaker, I yielll 10 minutes knows anything about the C'ondition of the 1\Iississippi Choctaw to the gentleman from I own [1\Ir. GooD]. knmYs that unless something is le of looking after their meet the competition of wllite civilization. I haye not the time own business, like many of the Indians now are, then many of to go into a fuller statement as to their condition. Broadly these problems that must come to Congress for solution lYOnltl speaking, these arc the facts that can not be disputed. be quite easy to solve. Having a small resenation in tho dis­ Is this appropriation right and just? As I understand it, the trict which I have the honor to represent, and knowing some­ basis of all appropriations for the relief of the Indians is on the thing of the disposition and traits of the Indians, I feel that there broall ground, us has been decilleitally important result also will be obtained in placing a true haye thrown away because of their limitations, when we knew ideal before those Indians remaining under guardianship. It will be the:r would throw them away, when we knew they were incom- a strong motive for endeavoring to reach the goal of competency and prove a muterial incenth·e to a sincere effort for that end. 11etent to handle them, and when we knew they would be re­ This new declaration of policy is calculated to release practically all duced to the situation that now faces them. Some one says Indians who have one-half or more white blood, although there will be tllat they are citizens, and that we do not want to take over exceptions in the case of those who are manifestly incompetent. It people who are citizens under the Government. You have tione will also give like freedom from guardi!l.nshlp to those having more than one-half Indian blood when, after careful investigation, it is determined It in thr~e instances already. If the relationship of ward and that they are capable Qf handling their own affairs. This latter class, guardian exists, how can we discharge ourselves from that however, will be much more limited since only about 40 per cent of the Indians of the country speak the Engli b language and the large obligation by performing an act with which the Indian had majority of this latter class still greatly need the protecting arm of the nothing to do by making him a present of citizenship "·hether Government. be wanted it or not by a State government. As an additional safeguard for those Indians of half or less white blood, a homestead commensurate with the >alne of the _property to be The SPEAKER. '.rhe time of the gentleman from 1\lissis­ patr>nted may be r etained by the allottee anti made inallenable except sippi has again expired. by appro>al of the Secretary of the Interior. In other cases of mani­ Mr. VENABLE. One more minute. fest incompetency the trust period on their land will be extended when-· Her it is deemed beneficial and in the interest of the Indians them- l\1r. CARTER of Oklahoma. 1\Ir. Speaker, I yield one more sclve~ . minute to the gentleman. As a corollary of this central idea of the declaration, a more liberal l\ll·. VENABLE. If that argument be sounll, then let the policy has been adopted in the saJe of inheritf'd lands and Indian allot­ ments, and the Indians are urged to sell that portion of their land which Nation be discharged of all of its obligation to the Indians in is not available or adaptable for th~ir own uses and utilize the proceed~ thi · country by inducing the various States and Territories for the improvemeLt of their remaining laud or increasing their fac!li­ to confer citizenship upon the Indians within their borders. ties for its fuller d1welopment by purchasing stock, machln£>ry, etc. .A liberal policy i>t now being pursued in allowing the use· of the pro­ It does not make any difference about citizenship. The Indian ceeds of the sale of the lands of old nnd indigent Indians, and following was not consulted, e self-support, leading to final dissolution of the ties of paternalism. In correct for the grounds of the wardship, as I ha\e stated them, 1011 the Indians cultivated 388,02u acres, and la ·t year G78,529 1918. CONGR.ESSION1\._L RECORD-HOUSE. 6681 ncrci':; in 1!)11 they raised crops Yalueu at $1,951,000, sold stock valned " SEc. 2. That tbe Secretary of the Interior shall LJe yestcd with the at !J;900,000, J'calizccl from native inuustries, such as basl\et making, pow<.'r to d<.'termine the rights of said claimants upon such e>icleG ·c • <.fs blanket w<.'aving". etc., $847,550: and last year they raised crops may be proquced by the applicant, wilbout regard to any ad>er. e jtlllg­ \' :tlueu at ~5.~U3,7l!l, sold '4,583,083 worth of stock, and increased men t or decision heretofore rendered by any court or commission 1o the the ..-ulue of thPir natlYe wares to $1,200J.826. The Indian wage <.'nrnel'S Five CiYilized Tribes or the Department of the Interio1·, and without for pt1Yate indiYiduals in 1!>11. were 3,:.:04, and last year the number regard to any condition or disability heretofore imposed by anv act of thus engaged increased· to 0,902, while the vnlue of a.ll lin! stock Congress." • ownC() by the Ind.1ans has risen from $17,971,209 in 1911 to $28,824,43!) What does this section 2 propose to do; provide for adjudication of laRt :rear. cases which have not heretofore been tried'? Not by any manner of '.fhe lnd.ian is discovering himself. He is coming to a realization means. It proviues to deter;mine the rights of individuals. How? of his own possiblllties; putting the past behind him and looking to "'Without regard to auy ad>erse juugment or decision heretofore ren­ the future ·i beginning to understand and appreciate the accomplish­ uered by any court or commission," no matter thougb the Supreme Court ments rPsu ting from ind.ustry; to see the profit in individual cll'ort of_ the land may have rendered a decision. If these cases have not bc~n an'l comprehPnd the ultimate clill'erence between a cnltiYated. and un­ trted, why, pray tell me, set asfcle decisions of courts and commissions? cultivated ti<.'ld; the fact that it requires no more labor or expense to raise a well-ured, profitable animal than it does to produce a long-horn On March 3, 1915, the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. CARTEr.] . teer, an inbred sheep, or an old-time Indian pony. said this: · Vital statistics for the same period are not available, but the stren­ . Mr.. Speaker, this matter has been settled by the coul'ts, on one occa­ uous eft'orts being made for a betterment of the purely human side or swn going as big~ as the Supreme Court of the United States. It ,-.,·as the Indians is illustratecl in the fact that 42,110 families. or at least 200,000 Indians, have forsaken the teepee and live in houses built settled by a commission appointed and directed by a specific law to largely in a sanitary manner. settl<.'. It was afterwards the subject of an agrc>ement with the Choc­ Evidenc<.'s of matel'ial and humanitarian advancement arc everywhere taws and Chickasaws in Oklahoma and was again settled. It was de­ apparent. Industrially and socially the Indians are making unparal­ cided and agreed that no man should be permittecl to share in the triunl estate of the Oklahoma Indians unless he established a resid.ence in ~o0£1 leled strides towa.rcl self-support and civilization. I ha>e di covered faith on the reservation. Let me say that the natiye Choctaws in Okla­ that with sympathetic cooperation and intelligent encouragement their homa who liled there were required to be on tbe reservation June :.1.8, response is almost universal. 1898, or they were eternally and forever barred from any participation I hnve been exceed.ingly gratified with Ute very general approval in the estate, and some can not participate in it now. ~i>en onr new declaration of policy by the Indians and white citizens But the Mississippi Choctaws were given, by agreem<.'nt, until July 1, of the coontrr. There is every indication ibat it will speedily bring 1903, five years after the native Choctaws had to settle on the re. cryn­ nbout a revolution in the administration of Indian atrairs, greatly tion. By a subsequent act they were given until March 4, 1907, to benefiting the Indians, with a corresponding reuuction in appropria­ settle on the reservation, and nobody knows it any better than the tions. gentleman from lllisslssippi. I notice that the gentleman from Mis is­ The Indian problem can not be sol>ed in a d.ay; it must be brought about in .a. d<.'cply serious, in all respects courageous, anu continuousl v sippi when d<.'aling with facts nev<.'r states them if it in the least injures sympathetic manner; but the time is approaching when go>ernmental his case. care and supervision will. generally !e exerted every eifort to protect and assist these unfortunate Indians, and the Federal Government is now under But, Mr. Speaker, the thing I desire to cnll to the attention only such moral obligations to the Mississippi Choctaws as might he of the llonse with regard to this conference report i. a matter clue any other dependent, helpless Indians wbo haye been deprivcd of that was discu ed by the \ery eloquent gentleman from ::\1issis­ their property by their white neighbors in other parts of the Unlte(l :States. . ippi [Mr. VENABLE] who has just preceded me. I will not at­ tempt to answer his argument by argument of my own. I do No legal claim, no moral claim, no equltaiJle claim says the not know enough about that question to do so fully. I recall gentlt>man from Oklahoma, yet conferees turn over $75.000 of the argument of the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. . HArun­ the- people's money at this time when everybody, aroused by soN] in his attempt to compel a part of the Indlan fund belong­ patrioti. m, is buying thrift stumps and liberty bonds to put ing to the Choctaws in Oklahoma to be de\oted to the Choctaws mone-y into the Treasury to carry on the war. Is it not unrea­ in Mississippi. I recall the eloquent argument of the gentleman sonable now, in view of our situation, to take from the Treasury from O'.d:lahoma in reply. And now, what ha\e we? The gentle­ $75,000 and turn it over us a commencement, recognizing that man ft·om :\lississippi [l\11·. HARRISON] was defeated. The gen­ there is a legal, moral, and equitable claim against the- Go\crn­ tleman from Oklahoma, the chairman of the House conferees, ment, of a great movement in 1\Iis issippi that will cost millions of opposed the gentleman from Mis:--is ippi. I ha\e tho e. peeclles. dollar . ~ Next yeru· aftPr you have acquired the ground. after I wish I had time to read them to the Hou!'e, but must content you ha,-e put up this school, how much will it btke to add to myself by putting limited portions of them all in the RECORD. the ground and to impro\e it and to maintain that school? I It appears now tllese two gentlemen have gotten together nnd undertake to say that this item alone will grow to not less than they ha\e arriYed at this concluRion: That the fuutls of the $500,000 a year, :mel yet the very able gentleman from Okla­ Choctaws in Oklahoma will not be disturbed, but that the Choc­ homa says there is no legal claim, no equitable claim or moral taws in Mi sis~ ippi shall now be ullo,Yed to put their hands into claim upon which to found it. Why, ble s 3-ou, these Indi:ms the Federal Treasury. Tha.t they shall not get the money from have not been wards of the Go\ernment since 1832. The Go\­ the funds of the Choctaws of Oldahoma, but, on the contrary, ernment owes t11em nothing; they h:we no legal claim against from the taxpayers of the united States. S.o in this conference the Govermnent, yet in these times of stress-- report the conferees provide for a farmer and a fiel<.l matron at 1\Ir. LANGLEY. Will the gentleman yield? $5,000, and the education of the Choctaws in l\lissi:;;sitlPj by the 1\lr. GOOD (continuing). You are recognizing that a. Ie~al establishment and maintenance of day schools, ii=~clmling the claim does exi~t and are appropriating $75,000 to commence to purcha e of land and the construction of necessary buildings, discharge it. On the same ground you could buy farms. bniltl ~20,000. A.nd then in encouraging the incluf'try and self-support schools, and imp1·ove the condition of the colored man in the among the Indians and to ni1l them il}. building homes, in the South, but that is not suggested. The House Committee on culture of foods, grains, cotton, and other crops, $25,000. To Indian Affairs \vent to "l\Iississippi and inwstigated this claim, commence with, this conference report recognizes a· legal the and when they retumed a little over a year ago it was, I under-· claims of the Choctaws of l\Ii sis ippi. It recognize they ha\e tand, \Yith a practically unanimous decision that not a dollar legal rights against the Government, an'Ri~slppi has often told this House tbat the The SPEAKEH. Is there oiJje tion to the request of the gen­ ?111 SlSSIPPl Choctaws had never been giV< n a day in court and I doubt tleman from Iowa? [Aftet· a pause.] The Chair hears none. not that every man "ithin ht>aring of my voice has heard him make tbe l\Ir. GOOD. The follO"'iD~ letter from the Secretary of the statement. He bas asse>erated and reite1ated that the cases of the ::\fis­ si~sippi Chocta"r~':> have nl'ver neec tril'd ~y court, commiRsion, or o(her­ Interior shmvs the Secretary's uttitncle regarding the transfer wtse ; that they have nen•r ba(] a day m court, had never any trial. of additional power io the Superintendent for the Five Ci\ilizecl Let us bear what the gentlemau from :\lississippi. ays ahout that bims~>lf. Tribes. · ~n Janu~r;;r 29 of ibis year. the gentll'mnn from :lli>;sissippi introduced a bill provtdmg for tbe opemng of the rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes. The letter written by the late Joseph H. Choate bows his Let Uf< reo.cl Rectio~ ~ of th~ gentleman's own bill, the Harri ·on bill, and strong opposition to legislation of this character. see what mformat10n thP gentleman really hacl when he gave this sol­ emn stat<.'m<.'nt to the H~u se . Xow, the gentleman knew, or should have DEPJ.RTMEX_T OF TnE IxTERron, lmown ~at the All RiR tppi Choctaw contention hacl been adjudicated lVaslnugton, Febrttai"Y 23, 101G. by the tnal of the Jack Amos case, not only by a Federal commission liY DE-\P. :.Ur:. ~TEPncxs: I am in receipt of your Jettl'r of January but by a Fecll'ral court, and thn t hecause of the settlement of a similar 13, 1910, transmitting, with requ<.'~t for rc>pcrt thPt'POII, IJ. R. 108. c>nti­ contention JG thP C'heroke<.'.~ ·ation against Stcpll('ns case this Jack Amos tled "~ bill to confer upon the Snperintend.ent for the Five Civilized case ha(] been dismissrrl uy the attornPy for tbe :Yissi s~ipp t Choctaws Trib<'s in Oklahoma the> authot·ity now eont'(' ;; rPll hy law upon the Com­ t]lemselves. flut let US fr of Indian ..11Ialrs and th(' ~(·Crl'tnr.r of til(' IntN·ioL· re spcct in~ fully informed on this question. In this Harrison bill I find the follo·w­ lands allotted to the cnrollctl members of the Fiye Ci'l"illzcd Tribes and ing language : their indiyidual monrys."

LVI---424 6682 CONGR.ESSION AL RECOR.D-HOUSE. 1\:fAY 17,

The rmnual report of the Superintendent for the Fi>e Cinlizetl Tribes which, in my judgment, should not be vested in the discretion' of a for the .rear emliD~ June 30. 1915, shows that lands ha>e been :tllotted single individual, no matter how honest be may be. I urn satisfied that to Indians of the Five Ci>ilized Tribes in 40 counties of the State of no private in titution-a railroad, for in tance, Ot' a great estate­ Oklahoma, covering an area of 19,525,96G acres; that there have been would regard it a businesslike to do what is here proposed. enrolled 101,521 members, which compri es approximately one-third of I sympathize with the desire to decentralize as far as is practicn.blc .. the Indian population of the United States. By virtue of acts of Con­ and wise the conb:ol of these properties, giving as wide a discretion as gress r·estricttons have been removed in a large number of cases, so from time to time -may seem advLable to local officials, but our trust that on Junl! 30, 191u, there were 32,540 restricted Indian;; of the can not be carried out in the highest good faith by throwing upon tbe Five Civilized Tribe . They had 3,31 ,370 acres of restricted lands shouldet·s of o.:1e man so great a burden of responsibility. under · the immediate supervision of the superintendent. There are Cordiaily, yours, oil lands of incalcul ble Talue in the Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole (Signed) . Fn.L·K:r.rn K. LA:NR, Nations, which la t year produced 27,098,994.02 gross barrels of oil, Scc1·ctary. in which the royalty interest of th~ Indian allottees amounted to Hon_ Jonx S. TEPIIEXS, $1,537,727.47. An annual revenue of $354,571.70 wa derived from Chai1·nwn. Committee 011 ltulian Affairs, agricultural and nonproducing leases approved by this department. House of Rcprescntati~:cs. The vastness of the estate that is being administered is apparent from the foregoing facts. 'l'he passa,c.-e of the proposed Iegislution would, among other powers, FEBIWAn:L 7, Hl18. place in the hands of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes MY DEAn S~J..TOR: I am advised that Senator OwE:-~ has offered all leasing for oil and gas mining purposes, all removal of restrictions, heforc the SenatP Committee on Indian Atrairs the following amendment all investments of individual Indian funds, and the settlement of in­ to H. R. 86!)6. the Indian appropriation bill to wit: numerable qu~stions of policy arising out of these matters. "Provided, '.rhat no part of said approprmtion1 shall be used in for­ Ily the act of June 30, 1834 (4 Stats. L., 735), the Department of warding the undisputed claims to be paid from ·individual moneys ot Indian .Affairs was e tablished, with a Commissioner of Indian .Affairs restricted allottees or their heirs, or in forwarding uncontested agl'icul­ as its immediate executi-ve head, 3.1ld with supervtsion and appellate tural, oil, gas, or other mineral leases made by individual restricted powers vested in the Secretary of War. See also act of July 9, 1832 Indian allottees or theiL· hejrs to the Secretary of the Interior for ap­ (4 Stats. L., 564). By the act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stats. L., 305), proval, but all such cL'lims or leases now required to be appro>cd under tablishing the Interior Department, the supervisory and appellate existing law by tne ecretary of the Interior shall bP paid, upproved, powers previously exercised by the Secretary of War with relation to reject d, or di approved by the Superintendent for the Five Civillzed all nets of the Commi sioner of Indian Atrairs were transferred to the Tribe of Oklahoma : Provided, 1zowe-ver, That any party aggrievl•d by Secretary of the Interior, and the Indian Office was placed under the any decision or order of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized newly created department. · Tribes of Oklahoma may appeal from the same to the Secretary of tbc 8ection 463 of the Revised Statutes of the United States reads: Interior within SO days from the date of said decision OJ' order." " The Commis loner of Indian .er 6, 19Hi, President may prescribe, have the management of all Indian affairs on. which I made a.n adverse report under date of Febrnat·y 23, 1910. and of all )Datters arising out of Indian relations." · Practically the only difference in etrect between the Hastings bill (II. R. The above enactment!'; are of long standing, evidencing a well-estab­ 108) and the proposed amendment i!t that the amendment proposes tbat li bed governm utal policy applicable to the dealings of the Federal only undisputed claims and uncontested leases are to be approved, but Gonrnme.nt with its wards. Justice Holmes, in delivering the opinion the right of appeal is afforded an aggrieved party in disputed ca es. of the court in Wet v. Hitchcock (!W5 U. S., 80), said: , Such an appeal would provide practically no protection to an Indian •· Th~ Department of the Inferior generally has been the custodiap who initiates or assents to the removal of his restrictions for the pur­ of In(llan right ." pose of procuring ready money or for an ina.dc.quatc bonus given for an The regulation or commerce with Indian tribes is a Federal obliga­ oil leasE' on his allotted land, and therefore such Indians wlll seldom. tion ~ executive fmJCtions resting primarily upon the President. In if ever, appeal from a decision of the superintendent to the Secretary or the performance cf many {)f his duties uri ing out of Indian a.JJ'atrs, as the Interior. As Mr. HAsTr:-~as said (sec hearings on H. U. 108, p. 43, in other matters, he acts through an appropriate department of the line 29) : Government and through the chief officers charged with the immediate " The truth is that everyone knows who is at all familiar with tlae supet·vision of the affairs of that department. (Wilcox v. Jackson, 13 Indian that bP will not as ert his rights in a civil snit." Peters, 498.) The charge that endless red tape and needless delay prolong the wot•k One of the chief reasons for placing the control of Indian affairs under of the Fi>e Ci-vilized Tribes when supervised by the Secretazy of the the N.'l.tionul Government was the local prejudice of people of the vari­ Interior is· not well founded and is not supported by the records of th~ ous States against the Indians. In speaking thereof, the Supreme· Court department. in the celebrated case of United States v. Kagama (118 U. S., 375, 383) The Superintendent for the Five Civili.z('ernment by treaty. In the absence of treaty obligations, bowc>er, Tribes, in his report of November 3, 1915, concerning the protest and the duty of the Nation to its wards is just. as great. In the case of pressure brought to bear upon Thomas Long, a full-blood Creek IndJan, Heckman v. United States (224 U. S., 413-417)J. in sp aking of the to induce him to invest his accrued oil royalties (of which he had to Indians of the Five Civilized Tribe , the Supreme L:ourt says : his credit $60,000) in the purchase of certain land near Muskogee, Okla., "From their >ery weakness and helple ne s, so largely due to the said: course of dealing of the Federal Government with them und the treaties "There is every pressure imaginable, not only from those who desire in which it has bc>en accomplished, there arl cs the duty of pt·otcction to separate the Indian from his money bot, in many cases, from Indians and with it the power." themselves, brought to bear upon me to purchase various and sundry Specific reservations have propC'rly been set apart for. Indian tribes. things with Indian moneys, or to make loans on all kinds and classes but for almost half a century there has been n tendency to recognizo o! security, and even to pay out the money without restrictions thereon a.nd give responsibility to the individual. The Dawes severalty act, whate-ver, to individuals, guardians, administrators, and every other adopted in 1887, was the culmination of this theory. It provides for conceivable way possible, to get the money out of the hands of the de· an allotment of lands to inclividual Indians, brPaking up of tribal t·e· partment." lations, and distintegration of communul owner hip. The principal Thi iR but ar. illustration of a situation. My experience leads me to thought in thls and subsequent legislation has bt>en to place responsi· the conclusion that to bestow such power as is proposed in tbis bill bility upon the inrUvidual and a.t the same time protect him in hi per• upon a field official would place in serious hazard the moneys, tht> prop­ sona1 and property right until the untutored child of nature is equipped erties, and the welfare of our Indian wards. '!'here is abundant evi­ to a sume fnlJ responsibilities of citizenship. dence in the rPeords of this department to make mP feel that this would The difficulty is that too much has b(>en expected of the Indian. To be a most perilous step. As conditions are no,...- the Superintendent of some people it is hard to understand why you can't take an untutor d, the Five Civilized Tribes is undet· the con tan t cht>ck of this depart­ ignorant, full-hlood Indian.. and make an educated citizen out of him in ment, and th'3 very fact ~bat the disposition ol ' ''ese great I,>roperties, a fortnight. They expect the unreasonable :md lmpo ible. Jt is con­ ·while primnrlly passed npen by him, are suhj(•,·t to Sllperviswn by au trary to all human exl)('rience. Extremist have tn lsted that the 0 0 process is too slow; that these wards should be t'Pleased from Govern­ ::V~ti~~ri~fhit~;fseis h~e~o ui~d nf~~~a ~ c~al ~eflt~~~\;,~ ~~~i~~n~~f ad

isiting varion<; resen·ations wherP allotments in pr·ohl.-m hns bccn th~ subject of too many theories ""bich hn•e proYen severalty bqye been made with a ·dew of removing r estrictions against tli--w·ttoHs in pL"a ~ tice. In the cnrl.Y days the theory of extermination­ alif'nation from tbe laud belonging _to those Indians found capable of •·xi. ·tpd on the ~rounfl that ·• th~ ouly goou Indian is a deatl Imlian." withstanding the machinations of designing persons seeking to prey on 'J'hi-; i\l('a (]ill not appeal to our liberty-lo\ing people, and later the members of an unsuspecting race the moment the protecting hand of the tlH'ol·y of ·· !'e~ regation" was concei\cll, under "·bich the Indians were Government is lifted. Yir lually llel'lkcl on re ..:e r\atlon~ ar.en tribe prove competent, is that any reason why the incom­ }Jl a u:-:ihlC'. It may pro>e a Folution of the Inrlian problem, if properly petent should he tmned over to the mercy of unscrupulous land sbarks? :.!lminbtPr t1 nn!l not interfer :1 with by new anu inconsistent legisla- Developments within the past few rears show remarkable impro\e­ tion. • ment in the aclmlnistration of Indian affairs, and ju t as the latest Of the Juc1:ans herctofcrc allotted about 10 per cent only-the full theory or ,, indiddualization" begins to bear good fmit ·can we afford hloods, nt ll'nRt-haYe I.Jeen prepnred for the athlitional re~pon-ibilities to destroy the entire structure by removing from the protecting care tllllo; ca.·t upon them. of the Qo,·ernment even those whose feet are just beginning to treau Congr{':-:~; iu 1U08 clotlH•u lhe county comts of Ol;lahoma with juris­ along the patbway that leads to ·uccess? clidiou o>er the person nn!l property of minor allottees of the l>'ive CiY!li7.<'t1 Tribe· aucl further pro>itleu that upon the death of an allottee Sincerel_y, yours. (Signeu) .TosEPH IT. Cno.\TE. all !'E.' trictions a~nim;t alienation of his lanu wonhl thereby be remoYecl. As an earne t friend of the Int.lian race, I trust that neither of these ~·he raid upon the Inclian·~ property as a result of this legislation is l.Jills nol· any similar legislation will be enacteu. · 11otol'ious ::lllll the effect on the Indian was disastrous nntl irreparable. 1\lr. IlA.lllliSON of ~Iissi sippi. l\lr. Speaker, I nsk uunui­ I.egi. Ia tion is now pending in Congress which, if lltlopted, may o>er- 1 nm the prc~rnt Indian polic~- anll subject the lnclian to the wor-t pos­ mous consent, in Yien- of the fact the time n-as ngreed upon sible form~ of . poliation, not only from ont ~iders , hnt from unscrnpu­ by unanimous consent ye tcrday afternoon ancl this nrgument lou~ pen:on within the tribal membership. ~'be bill (IT. n. 10 ) in­ has de\eloped a new question, that the time be extcndeu ~0 trodtH'ed hy Congressman II.-1STIXGS in the Uonl"e of Hepresentatives would confer on the Superintendent of the Five CiYilized 'Iribes the au­ minutes, 10 minutes to the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. CA~rP­ thority now Y\.' t<'ll in the Comm1 sioner of Indian Affairs and the Sec­ RELL] aud 10 minutes to the gentlem:m from Oklahomn, nml retary nf the Interior respectin~ the lands and indivillnal moneys of the I use those 10 minutes, anu that then the preYions que tion shall pm·ollell nwmher~ of the l•'i\e CiYilizell Tribes in Oklahoma. About one­ thircl of the Inclian population in the United States bC?longs to these be considered ns ordered. 1rii.H'S, with mo1·e than 30,0'00 rC'stricted Inuians, their property in­ 1\Ir. STEE~ETISON. l\Ir. Speaker, resen·ing tile right to ob­ rlmlin~ OY\' r :1.000.000 ac1·es of >aluable incllYillnally owned lanu. Per­ ject, I would like to say I ''ould like to ha\e the minutes to naps tho j!ren tN;t oil field in tbe world has been (\evelopetl in the country of the FiYe '.fribr8, from which enormous wealth has accrueu to these inquire of the chairman about some Minnesota items. people. . J.Ur. CARTEU of Oklahoma. I ha\e only 15 minutes, nn<.l Un(ler existing law ihe su;>cl'intentlent of the,'e tribe~ is nominateu having to yield a portion of that to the gentlem..'1n from Missis­ by the Pre>lident antl confirmed by the Senate, the appointmeHt being politicnl. ~'he pending bill (II. lt. 10 ) propo es to tmn O\<'r to this sippi [l\lr. HA.Rllrsox], I would ha\e only a brief period in appointee full· power and authority over thi vast e tate. and naturally which to answer. t•very pre>lsure, local and otherwi~e. would be brought to bear on anyone clothed with this great responsibility. l\Ir. '\A.LSII. 1\lr. Speaker, reser\ing the right to object, As evhlence of the inability of tbe:e Indians properly to safeguard certainly the gentleman does not wish to predicate Tlis request _ their own iuterestl-', the following is taken from the opinion of the for extension of time upon the fact that this rni eel a new , 'upreme ourt in 1010 in the case of Tiger 1·. \\'estern In,·estment Co. question, as he stated. 'Ihis is nn oltl question thai: has l.leen (121 u. s .. 2 G-207)-: ··That full-bloofl Indians of the Fi•e Trihes arl'. as a cla~s. incompe­ resurrectet1. tent must he a . umell not only from the ler;i~lation of Congress with 1\Ir. HARUISOX of ::\lis:iilsippi. I will say to tllC gentleman n·~pect to them but from the finding of the Court of Claims. where, in I thought eYerybody aOlYed in 1hP case at bar were, as a clas ·, una(>Je to speak the English he extended upon thut basis. language anc1 incompetC?nt to guard their interests from desi~ning per­ nons who were con tautly attempting to induce them to pm·t with their ~Ir. llllllliSON of Mississippi. I vdll put it on anothel.' property at gTos ·ly inadequate compensation." ba is. I will not gi\e you the reason, then. With rPspect to the Uastings IJill, ;\rthm· C. Parker, a hi..,.hly in­ l\Ir. l\IADDEJ. I will ask the gentleman if he will not make tPlligent Indian, Pngaged in important educational worl< for the ,'tate of • 'ew York at .Albany, who is also the secretary and treasurer of the it 30 minutes. I want fi\e minutes in which to inquire into the ::5ocicty of American Indians, says : 1\Ic::\Iurray claim here. . "ALB.lX1, March 21, 1916. l\lr. CARTER of Oklahoma. ::\lr. Speaker, I h::t.Ye not any "I dcsiro to register my protest against the fa\oral.Jle consideration objection to the extension of timE>. Of course, we want to get of II. R. 10 , introduced by Congressman llisTrxos, of Oklahoma, de­ we l signing to eonfer the authority now invested in the ~eeretary of the through as quickly as can. r en lize this is nn important Interior anll the Commissioner of Indian .Affairs upon the office of the proposition, concerning which l\Ieml.lers wnut to secure informa­ Huperin tendent of the I> i>c 'i vilized Tribes. The contlitlon of Indian tion, and I want them to ba.Ye it. I baYe not any objection, if property and the complex sitna tion that has a ri en from inheritance (·ases and the pre ence of a large number of incompetent Inuians makes the House consents, to an extension of 30 minutes. it of utm st importance that tbe administration of their affairs be l\Ir. CRA:\ITON. l\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to object, retained in the hands of the Federal Government. '.fhere Is precedent I wnnt to uggest that practically all the time up to icling the means for a wholC? ·ale plunue1·ing of the estates of minors and incompetents. This blll would bring inju ·ticc aud !Je a reproach hnd, because I wauic(l more tllan 10 minutes, but I yielded to the upon the Feueral Government." wishes of the chairman to shorten this debate auI'I.',;;ident of the ~ociety of of my time was taken in answering criticisms '"llich the gentle­ American Inuians, "by such law the yery worst elements will seek to control Indian tribes." · man made and which other gentlemen made. l'enator Lane's bill (S. 4452) proposes legisla lion to ai.Jolish tlJC The SPEAKER Is there objection? position of Commissioner of Indian Affairs anll his as s i~tant , creating l\Ir. CllA.l\ITON. l\Ir. Speaker, unless there is nn agreement ln lien thereof an indepcnllent bureau, with thrt>e commissionet·s, sub­ ject only to the control of Congress. This bill provide. that these t11at half of the time extended shall be giYcn iu opposition to the commissioners shall be selected from candidates to be named by all report, I shall ha\e to object. the Inuian tribes of the United States "congregated iii ~eneral delegate 1\Ir. CAUTER of Oklahoma. 1\ly proposition was that hnlf of co mc·il." It is further provided that these commls:ioner shall exer­ cise all the authority now vested in the Secretary or the Interior antl it ''"as to be controlled by the gentleman from Knnsas [)[r. the Commissioner of Iuuia.n Affairs. • CAMPDELL] and half of it by myself. Tbis bill woulu also deprive the Indian Senice of that protectlou The SPEAh.."'Ell. Objection is made. now affordeu b_y the classified civil ser>ice, and would subject the Indians to the . same pC?rnicious influences as the .Johnson bill, the l\Ir. HAnnrso~ of l\Iississippi. Will the gentleman from chief differl'nce bein~ that one is retail and the other whole-ale de­ Kansas [l\lr. CcUIPDELL] ~·ield rue foue minute. ? :;;truction. One may suppose that the elements most hostile to the l\Ir. CAl\lPBELL of Kansas. I wish the gentleman would pro­ Indians will atl\Oeate this and similar Yicious leglsla tion. While the Secretary of the Interior and the Commis~ioner of Inclian ceed with the time the gentleman from OI,lnhoma [::\Ir. C:\RTERl Affairs might glaclly welcome ibis relie! from the yery oner-ous duties gin'S him, and I vdll see-- imposed upon them in connection with the allministmtion of Indian l\Ir. \illTER of Oklnhomn. I yicltl . ix minut.es to the !!entle­ :~ffatrs, yet these officials, movetl by the high sense of public duty the 1-'l.'Yay a · well qualifieu. He is upon the was trying to remove them to a far and distant country, away .ground and is quite as familiar with Indian affairs as is tlte from theil· hunting grounds; away from the Chickasawha, the Commis ioner of Indian Affairs, so that these matteTs that -are T-allallalln, and Chickahomlny, in which str'Cmns they hacl undisputed are to be adjusted in Oklahoma. fished, lilld .along the swamps of which they hunted theil· game. Mr. CRAMTON. l\lt. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? They did not want to le~lYe. And so the good father sai:putes any claims even in civil by a Scnat01· "from Oklahoma, have said thnt these people hould suit . Is not that true? be tnken cure of by the l!,edeTal GOvernment. They have appro­ Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. My obser\Ution of Indians is priate-d this $75,000. It i recommended by the Indian Office, that they are quite well able in many instances to take care of it meets the approval of the indian Committees of -the Rouse themselYes. They get the best of many of the tra<1es they make and Senate, and it seems to me that it comes wHh poor grace with the white man. for the gentleman from Iowa TMr. Goon], whom I love as· a Mr. GOOD. If it is true, as stated by the gentleman ·from brother, to criticize this item in tllis bill that merely appro~ Oklahoma [l\1r. HAsTINGS] Jn committee, there wou1d be no dis­ priates $75,{)00 to a poor, needy, distrcs ed tribe of unfortunate puted claims. Inuinns, \vhose right. hnve been stolen away from them, who 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I ean not yiel<1 on that -phase ru·e the outcasts of the Go\ernment, and then see year by year of the matter. in this appropriation bill millions of oollars taken from tlle The promise wns made to close up the affair. of the Flvo funds of the Go,ernment nnd bent throughout the coun-try to the Civilized Tribes on ibe 4th

l\lr. CAMPBELL of Kan as. I did not yield to the gentleman. Upon the one hanu; Mr. 1\Icl\lurray claimed that the tribes owetl The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Kansas has the floor. him a large amount of money, and, on the other hand, it was Mr. l\lADDEN. I make the point of order under the rule claimed on behalf of the tribes that he owed them. It was finally that noborty has the floor when a point of order is pending. proposed to submit the matter to the CotU't of Claims for ad­ The SPEAKER. Tite gentleman from Kansas will suspend. justment. That is final1y agreed upon in this conference report. 'Vhat is the point of order that the gentleman fi·om Illinois The matters in dispute het·e are submitted to the Court of makes? Claims, so that if Mr. McMurray has anything coming to him he :Mt;. MADDEN. My point is that tl1ere is no quorum pre ent, will be allowed what is coming to him. If the Indians have and that that point always is in order, regardless of whether anything coming to them, they will be allowed that. It is pro­ anybody is ou the :flovr or not. vided that the Court of Claims shall adjust these differences The SPEAKER. The Chair will entertain the point. between the ... e contentions. It is statetl by. the Secretary of the :L\Ir. CAMPllElJ.- of Kansas. I proposed to yield to the Interior that tilis seems to be the only way in which to ast McCullO<'h Smitb, Idaho claims are settled, and it is provided that that shall be done in Costello HamllJ l\lcFadtlen Smith, C. D. a court properly established for that purpose. Currie, Mich. Hamilton, Mich. l\IcLau;;hlin, Pa. Smith,'£. F. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. Cm·ry, Cal. Hamilton, N. Y. Mnh<'r Snook Dale. N. Y. Hanison, Va. 1\I:wn Snyder Mr. CAMPBELL of Kan us. This conference report should ])arrow Hayes Miller, Minn. st~ele be agreed to. Davis Heaton Mandell Stephens, Xebr. :llr. CARTER of Oklahoma. llr. Speaker, "·ith reference to Delnney liPflin Montague Stevenson Deoi on HPintz l\Ioore, Pa. Strong this-- D walt Hood Nc:.ely Sullivan Mr. :M..~DDEN. Now, will the gentleman from Oklahoma Dies Howard Pa~gett Swltt l'ield? Dill Humphreys Parker, N. Y. Taylor, Colo. Dillon Jacoway Platt Templeton Mr. CARTER of Oklahoma Yes; surely. Dixon James l'olk Vsre l\Ir. MADDEN. Does the gentleman from Oklahoma, the Dominick Johnson, S.Dak. Porter Wanl chairmau of the committee and the chairman of this conference, Donovan Jones Powers Wason Dooling Kahn Pr·att \Vntson, Pa. recollect a claim of one Mr. McMurray for about $3,000,000 for Drukker KPhoe Price Whit~. Ohio legal . ervices against the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians? }jag:tn Kelley J'Iicb. Ramsey Winslow l\lr. CARTER of Oklahoma. If the gentleman will let me pro­ Elston Kelly, ra. Reed Wood, Ind. J!~toplnal Kettner Riordan Z1hlman ceed for just a moment-- l~'airchild, B. L. Key, Ohio Uobinson l'Ir. l\LillDEN. I would like to ask if the gentleman remem­ Fairchlltl, G. W. Kiess, Pa. Rowland bers that. The SPEAKEU. On this cull 288 Members, a quorum, have l\It·. CARTER of Oklahoma. I remember that lllr. :Mc:\Im·ray; answered to their names. in 1010 attempted to have some individual contracts with In­ !\Ir. KITCHIN. 1\fr. Speaker, I move to ill pense with fur­

"·ent out on a point of order made by myself and seyeral other business at. his old stand, and for that portion that has departed gentlemen. I made the point of order for the reason that that from hl.m m Oklahoma he has receiyed a higher price than bill proposed to pny $27,500 to l\lcl\Iurray upon a contract that the Indians ha\e receiYed -for similar acreage of land in any he llacl witll the Indians without having any tribunal pass upon , State in t.his Union. Tlmt is the difference bemeen the treat· eitber the legality of the contract or upon the consideration he ment the Indian has received in Oklahoma and in the States had rendered for it. The only thing proposed to be done by this of his great defenders. bill is to send that controyerted matter to the Court of Claims What do we propose to do here with reference to the Missis­ for adjudication. sippi Choctaws? .Alon~ witll that is the claim by l\Ic.l\Iurray for some $10,500 for ~e.nt~em~n ha\e said that in the past I haye opposed the two Chickasaw warrants and a claim of twenty-odd thousand 1\Itsstsstppi Choctaw amendment. I haye opposed the Mississippi dollars which he sets up for expenses incurred in citizenship ·Choctaws taking any part of the funds of the Choctaws in Okla­ case . . hom a, because the courts, the commissions three Secretaries of .A · oppo cd to that the tribe is permitted to set up any coun­ the .Interi?r, and t:wo President had decided that they had no terclaim they may haYe against him. Some haye claimed in eqmtnble I?terest m those fund . I ha\e no apology whateYer the past that Mci\lurray has already oYerdrawn his expense for my ~ctton ~lth reference to this matter; and if the que tion nccount by some $180,000. There is a judgment now against eYer al'lses. a.gam I hope I may be here on the job to prevent 1\Icllurray for nearly $15,000, as I recall-! have not the figures any such lllJUStice and outrage being clone , the Chocta\\S in her~for admnce royalties on leases which he has failed to Oklahoma. 'Vhat I ha,·e Sflid with reference to the 1\li· sissippi pay. That is in the shape of a judgment. Then the tribe claims 9hoctaw connection with the Federal Goyernment is set forth furtber that he owes $15,000 additional adyance royalty not m the recor~ds of this House. I quote from the report which I included in this judgment, which makes a claim of $210 000 had the honor to assist in making as a member of a committee that the Indians haye aguinst McMurray, and his claim is about considering this question several years ago, as follows: $62,000. ~he Federal Gover~m~en.t; llS such, is neither legally nor equitftbly To be perfectly candid, I do not think there is much to the obligated to enroll MlSSISSippl Choctaws -with the Choctaws west and $180,000 claim of the tribe, but I think that the tribe can pro­ is under only such moral oiJligatlon to the Mississippi Choctaws 'as is due to dependent North American Indians who were originally occu­ cure judgment for the advance royalties. pants and owners of the soil, and who ha-ve been depri>ed of their Mr. MADDEN. ·wm the gentleman yield? patrimony by white settlers. · l\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. Yes. I have no apology to make for that statement, but the gentle­ 1\It•. JUADDEN. 'Vhat makes 1\lr. 1\Ic:Uurray so anxious- to man from Iowa [Mr. Goon] snys this $75,000 item constitutes a get ~egislation and a settlement if he only has a claim of $60,000 claim against the Federal GoYernment. The difficulty with tho agamst the ChoctaTI's and they ha\e a claim against him of gentleman is tbut he is unable to distinguish between a claim '1250,000? and a gratuity. The gentleman lias been a 1\Iember of this House 1\Ir. C.ARTEit of Oklahoma. I thought I had just explained and member of the Committee on Appropriations for several it. I told the House that 1\Ir. 1\lcl\!urray thinks that the tribe a can not enforce the claim of $180,000 against him. There is year . In addHiou to thnt he is considered as one of the emi­ little doubt tllat they cnn enforce the claim of $30,000 against nent lawyer ~ of the Honse, and should know the difference l\fcMurray's claim of 562,000. My judgment is that he will fail between n gratuity and a claim without getting his mind in any to realize on his claim for expenses in "connection with the such befuddled condition as it seems to be with reference to citizenship cases, but the $10,000 and the $27,000 he will prob· this matter. The gentleman ought to know that the present ably recover. That will leave a balance in favor of l\IcMurray. item in this bill in no wise constitutes a claim, but is a straight Be that as it may, hoTI'ever, 1\Ir. l\lcl\Iurray is no more anxious gratuity to tl1e 1\lis issippi Choctaws, just such as is being given to have the matter settled than the tribe itself. All parties to In!llans to-day in 2G other States in this Union. As to have come before the Committee on Indian Affairs and insisted precedent, 1\lr. Speaker, nearly all the tribes now under the that the matter be sent to the Court of Claims for settlement. supenision of the Indian Bureau were taken in just as this It is the proper place for a settlement. tribe is now being taken in. 1\Ir. 1\IADDEN. The experience of the House with 1\Ic:Uur­ It- is not a question of any claim against the Government. It ray's claims has been such as to justify doubt as to the legiti-­ is not a question of setting a precedent. It is simply a question macy of any claim he presents. of policy for us to decide whether the arm of. the Government 1\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. That is because the claims had should be thrown around these Indians and their education anrl not been sent to a court or any competent tribunal to pass civilization provided for as is that of most of the other Indians upon them. We propose to send these to a competent tribunal throughout the United States. to pass upon them. Why, when the Indian Bureau was transferred to the In- l\le. MADDEN. One question more: Is there any possibility . terior Department away back in 1842, I understand there were that hereafter the claims of 1\Icl\lurray will be swollen up into less than 12 tribes under the supervision of the GoYernment, millions instead of $60,000? and the appropriation carried for their support and Civilization 1\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. .Absolutely none. The bill sets at that time was something less than $250,000. Now we find the out specifically the claims which l\Ir. McMurray may bring ac· Indian appropriation bill amounts to more than $11,000,000, in· tion upon, and the letter of the Secretary of the Interior speci­ eluding 1[)0 h·ibes. More than 130 of them taken in just as this fies the maximum amount possible of recoyery, and these are bill proposes to take the e tribes in. I call attention to the fact the amounts I ha\e just given the Souse. tlmt within the last few years ther~ has been taken under 1\lr. MADDEN. Why did not we take it up for consideration goYernmental supervision in just this manner some four or five when the bill was before the House? different Indian tribes which theretofore were in just the same 1\lr. CARTER of Oklahoma. Because it was not presented to condition as llie Mississippi Choctaws. - the House. We found it in the bill when we reached confer­ The Homeles · Indians of California were one instance. 1\Iany ence and had to deal with it. The Honse Committee on Indian thousands of dollars haye been appropriated for the purchase of A:fL1.irs has already made a fayorable report on a similar bill. lands and support and ci"dlization of these Indians. Then 'Ye Now, 1\lr. Speaker, I want to pass oYer this matter and haYe haYe the Rocky Boy Band of Chippewas in l\loutana. They just a word with reference to this Mississippi Choctaw item. ha\e been taken in \Yithin the last few years and thousand upon We ha\e had our obliging friend from Michigan [)Ir. CJUYTON] thousand of dollars appropriated for a like purpose for them. and our good friend from Iowa [1\lr. Goon], tbe great self-con­ The 'Vahae Tribes in Nevada i another case. The Seminoles stituted defenders of the noble Red 1\Ian of the forest, come of Florida another, and I think the Fort Barthold N. Dak. before the House this morning in a sporadic foray against this Indians, if I mistake not. Now, my g~d friend fro~ 1\Iichlga~ bill. They flashed their sabers, they wa\ed their flags, they [1\Ir. C:RA:llTON] has in his State a school for which there is shook their gory locks and gnashed their teeth about something appropriated from $60,000 to $80,000 annually, as I recall, nnd that was about to be done to the Indian. Let me remind the yet the records do not show thn t there is ·a single tribe of t"\\'o distingui-hed gentlemen that the American Indian at one Indians in his State. time owned eyery acre of. land in the State of Michigan; they The SPEAKER The. time of the gentleman from Oklahoma owned every acre of land m the State of Iowa. ha~ expired. All time has expirecl. 'Vhat has become of the Indians' rights to these lands in l\Ir. STEE~TETISON. 1\lr. Speaker, I usk unanimous con ent these States? It has departed from Poor Lo and his heirs. that the gentleman be gi\en t"·o minute more so that I mny ask ,Who is re_spousible for it? The people of the State of Oklahoma him a question. · upon whom the gentlemen bent their wrath or the people of Tbe SPE_\KEH. The gentlemnn from !llinnesotn usks un:mi­ the State of Michigan and the State of Iowa? The Indian at mou ~ consent that the time of the gentlemnn from Oklahoma be one time al o mvued ibc entire State of Oklahoma. H e is :iltill ·cxtcndetl for b\·o minute . Is ther objection? on the job in possession of a large ·1)0rliou of the lnnd, t1oing There was no oujection. 1918. CON GRESSIOK ..:\._L RECORD-HOUSE. 6687.

lfr. STEEXERSO~. ~Ir. Speaker, I notiee th'nt item 27 C.as Overmyet· Rodenberg Smith, Mich. Voigt JJeen put into the bill in the Senute and agreed to in this con­ Overstreet Romjue 8nell Volstead Padgett Rose Steagall Walker ference, provicling '175,000, witll a proviso that it . hall be taken Park Rouse Stcencrson Walton out of the United States Tl·easury in the event that the expendi­ Peters ROWan J'acoway Pratt Watson, Pa. roll. 'Ihe question is on agreeing to the conference r{'port. Dooling .James Price Webb The Clerk called the roll; anti there were-yea ~-:1::2, nars :35, Diu.kker Johnson, S Dak. Ramsey White, Ohio Dunn .Jones Reed Winslow an weretl " pre ent " 3, not -voting 130, a follows: Eagan Kabn Rowland Wood, Ind. YEJ..S-242. F.. lston Kehoe Rucker Zihlman Estopinal Kelley Mich. Sanders, La. .Alexnntler Connally, Tex. Gru·ner Lazaro E\'ans Kelly, Pa. Sanford Almon Cooper, Ohio Garrett, Tenn. La, Cal. Ashbrook Cooper, W.Va. Ga.rrett. Tex. L e. Ua. So the conference report was agreeJ. Y. Claypool (;allinln K1·au Olne~· Mr. DEWA.L'r with Mr. DILLON. Co:ulv <..~amly La Follette 0 borne I\lr. DIEs with Mr. BEN.L\:.llTN f.J. FAI.RCHII.D.. Collier Gard Langley O'Shauncssy 1\lr. Do~OVAN Witll l\lr. FERRIS. 6688 OOKGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-·HOUSE. ~I...l.Y 17,

l\Ir. DooLI. ·a with 1\'Ir. FOCHT. S. 3571. An act granting lnnu ·· for ·school purpo e in lots l\lr. HARRISON l)f Virginia with 1\fr. lliMILTO~ of Michigan. No. 111 in E>ach of the town sites of Fort· Shaw nnc.l Simms Sun 11'. ESTOPIXAL with 1\Ir. GRAHAM Of Pennsyln.mia, . River reclamation project, Montana; l\Jr. FOSTEH with l\lr. FULLER of Illinois. S. 390. An act to establish the Grnnu Canyon National Parl· l\Ir. HEFLIN with Mr. KELLEY of Michigan. in the State of Arizona; l\lr. HELM with 1\..I.r. KIEss of Pennsylvania. S. 921. An net for the relief of James Duffy· l\Ir. Jo!\"""ES "ith l\Ir. KRAus. S. 2G4G. An act for the relief of Ed\lard "r· Whitaker: ~Ir. GLASS with l\Ir. GouLD. S. 3217. An act proYiding for the appointment of an ne. 1918. CONGRESS! ON _A_L RECOHD-1-IOUSE. 6689

l\lr. HOUSTON. The committee was called and met, and six to be pre ent. That is what happened in the Committee on or seven members were in the room at a time--! am not sure of Territories, with this difference only that the record of that just the number. It requires nine to make a quorum. There committee shows that a quorum was present when the cbnil·· were not nine present in the room at any given time, but they man was authorized to make his motion. came into the room, cast their \Ote, told how they 'vantcd to be 1\Ir. STAFFORD. If I may be permitted, I do not belie-ve recot·cled, and went to attend to other business. There was an the gentleman is setting forth the facts as stated by the gentle­ attendance of a quorum; they were not alf pre~ent in the room man from Tennessee [1\IL'. HousToN]. at any one time, but they came in and told the chairman how 1\Ir. S.A.Ul\"'DERS of V_irginia. If I am in error us to the they wanted to vote and askecl to be recorded by the clerk. facts, then I am rE-ady to be corrected. The SPEAKER. The Chair does not think that was a com­ Mr. STAFFORD. He saitl that at no time was there a quo­ mittee meeting. On pages 396 and 397 of the Rule Book, begin­ rmn of the committe~ pre~ent. ning on page 39i>, the Chair rendered an elaborate opinion on 1\Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. He said that 10 Members 'vere the Yery same subject, after a most careful scrutiny and con­ present, though not at one time. They came in, from time to siderntion. A committee sits as a unit and you can not get a time, and asked to be recorded as present. Some withdrew bill up here L>y getting your report signed by -various members before the \Ote was taken, according to the oral statement, but of the committee, or any other way except by a formal vote of the record shows that all were present. No point of no quorum the committee as a committee, a quorum being present, if any­ was raised in the committee. When a report of a committee body insists on the rule. comes before this body, under such circumstances, it shou1cl be l\Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I submit that the accepted and regarded, as the action of the committee. situation uncler consideration does not present the same state 1\Ir. BORLAND. Will the gentleman yield? of facts as the cases which you have cited. According to the 1\1r. SAUNDERS of Virginia. I will. statement made by the gentleman from Tennessee, his com­ 1\Ir. BOHLAND. It is perfectly certain, I think, that en~ry­ mittee was regularly called, and he was duly authorized to body will agree that if the committee waited until 11 men had make the motion which be has made to-day. In the cases cited, come into the committee room, 11 being necessary to constitute authority was sought to be given by a paper signed by a a quorum, and nobody rnised the point of no quorum, that majority of the members of the committee. In this case the action is perfectly valid. Is the gentleman willing to say if uo committee was regularly called, and the names of the members 11 men were ever in the room at any one time, and the com­ "·ere regularly noted in conformity with their request. mittee begins to do business without the presence of a quorum, Mr. DUPnfJ. Will the gentleman yield. that that bm:iness is in order? l\lr. SAUNDERS of Virginia. I belie\e that this practice l\lr. SAUNDERS of \irginia. Certainly. A quorum is alway prevails in every committee of this body, namely of counting u presumed to be ]1l'esent if the point is not raised in the body member as present on his request, m·en though he mny subse­ transacting business. Take the case suggested by the gentleman. quently withdraw. in which the committee begins business with a quorum, but 1\11·. DUPRfJ. Will the gentleman yield? actually loses it before a bill is reported, but no point of no quorum is raised, ought the statement of a Member in this body Mr. SA.tThTDERS of Virginia. I will. to the effect that less than a quorum was present when the bill 1\lr. DUPRE. I may be in erroi', but I was under the impres­ was actually reported, be admitted and cause the bill to be sion that the gentleman from Tennessee has stated that there stricken from our calendar as having been improperly reported? n-ns never a quorum present at any one time. If the question of no quorum can be raised in the present in­ l\fr. SAUNDERS of Virginia. No, he said there were ten stance, as against the record of the committee,_then in the case members present first and last. suggested it could be raised, if it is a question of fact to be l\Ir. DUPRE. No; be stated that 10 member~, l1e thought, decided in this body by oral tE--Stimony, as against the presump­ came into the committee room, but he did not state that there tion to conclusiveness in favor of the regularity of the commit­ ''ere 10 present as a quorum at one time. tee's action, as reyealed by the records of the· committee. 1\Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. That is true and that is the l\Ir. BARNHAR'I. Will the gentleman yield? state of facts that I am presenting, namely that a quorum of l\lr. SA.~DERS of Virginia. I will. the members had been personally present-and so noted-before l\ir. BARNHART. Is it not also true that in the proceedings action was taken. They were all present of record. of this House, when the House is in the Committee of the Whole, Mr. CARTER of Oklahoma. 'Vill the gentleman yield? if a point of order is made that there is no quorum present, and J\lr. SAUNDERS of Virginia. Yes. the roll is called, and the Members immediately withdraw, the 1\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. I wanted to ask whether objec­ Committee of the Whole proceeds with the consideration of busi­ tion was made by anybody who attended? ness just the same as if the whole number were present? Mr. HOUSTON. The.re ''"as no objection made to the want 1\Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. That is true. of a quorum at any time; it was satisfactory to the committee. Mr. BAR!\"'HART. And all the business of this House is prac­ 1\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. Did anybody object to those tically conducted on that basis. gentlemen haYing their names recorded in favor of the bill? l\-Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. Precisely. The point of no 1\Ir. HOUS'l'ON. Not by any means; not at all. quorum was neyer raised in the Committee on the Territories 1\11'. SAUNDERS of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the in this connection. gentleman from Massachusetts. The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks the gentleman by his own Mr. WALSH. I would like to ask if the gentleman woulery committee of this Now, it is b·ue also, as the gentleman from Indiana [l\lr. BAn~­ bod~-. HART] states. I have seen the point of no quorum raised here 1\lr. WALSH. I disagree with the gentleman. The commit­ time and again, when the roll would be called, and gentlemen tee of which I am a member does not conduct its business in would come in with their hats and their o>ercoats in their that way. hands, and stand here just long enough to ansn-er, and then out l\11·. SAUNDERS of "Virginia. I do not know about the gen­ they would go. But that does not affect the .question. Wilen the tleman's committee. Let me finish the statement I was mak­ point is raised you haye got to llnve a quorum acting ns a ing. This is the way this thing is practically done in almost quorum. every committee of the House at some time. A meeting is Mr. BARNHART. l\11·. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. regul!lrly callecl. Th.e chairman is present. The members of The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. tlw committee begin to come in, one after another, some re­ Mr. BARNHART. If, under those circumstances, it is de­ maining, and others asking to be recorded as present. Finally \ eloped and it is clearly shown there would be no quorum pres­ the roll shows that a quorum is present, tltough actually a ent after there bad been a point of no quorum mnde, aml these quorum may not be physically present. The point of no quorum men had stepped in here and immediately retired, then, if nt the is not made in the committee, n.n(l the business of the com­ end of the consideration of a bill some l\lember should muke· the mittee is proceeded witb. According to the committee records point of order, as has been made here, "·ou1d we still go ahend a qnot·nm is physically present. That evidence of the record and would it be according to pnrJiumentnry practice to try to ought not be assaile(1 in this body, but should be regarded ns finish the bill? finn!. 'Ve

-==--~-··-...... 6690 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. ~lAY 17,

The SPEAKER. The gentleman will tate it. mittee had acteu, ant1 nobody has anything to say as to how the 1\.Ir. JO~SO ;.: of Washington. In this ca e, this bill l1aving House ha acted. been pa ed by the Senate and being on the Speaker's table, Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. The question is one of fact to and the Committee on Territories hav-ing considered a similar be determined by oral testimony, or by llie record. On llie cuse bill and reported it to the calendar, and now the point being of action by the Hou e._ the courts accept the presumptions of made that there was no quorum in the committee and authorizes the record that a quorum was pre ent, though the :Members may. the chairman to take up the bill, will it be in order for him to be able to overwhelmingly proye that such was not the fact. move to suspend tile rules and take it up? The House ought to regard the evid~nce of the committee's The SPEAKER. Not now. It will be in order on next Mon- record as conclusive on the point of whether a quorum was pres­ day, I tliink it is. ent at any giyen time. Mr. HAJ\rLI1~. Will the gentleman yield? 1\Ir. HAMLIN. 1\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? l\lr. 'V ALSH. Ha not the Chair ruled? 1\.Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. Yes. . The SPEAKER. Yes. But the Chair is not so eYerlastingly 1\Ir. HAMLIN. I want to be beard on this propo ition for a stuck on his own ruling tba t he will not listen to somebody few moments. I maintain that the question asked by the gen­ el e. [Applause.] tleman from Wisconsin of the gentleman from Tennessee an ~.Ir. UA. ...\ILIN. Mr. Speaker, I want to make this suggestion only be answered in one way, and that is by reference to llie to the Speaker and to the Hou e. I am a member of tllat com­ record of the committee, and that is the only basis upon which mittee and was present this morning, and I know that what the t'he Speaker of this House can pos ibly rule on thi point of gentleman from Tennessee [1\Ir. HousToN] said is true. And yet order, because the only legal way the committee can speak is the committee can only speak by its record. How is the Chair tilrough its record, and the record of the committee is tile onlY. going to determine there was not a quorum pre ent when order­ answer to tile gentleman f1·om Wi cousin. · ing the reporting of this bill? But I want to add this much further: Take tile statement of The SPEAKER. Because the gentleman from Tennessee the gentleman from Tennessee. It is undi puted that before the Uir. HousTON] was honest enough to tell exactly what hap­ committee acted, before any action was taken whatever on this pened. bill, there was a quorum of the committee "'hich answereti the l\.Ir. HMILIN. And somebody else might get up and dispute call of the chairman of the committee, and reported at the com­ tllut propo ition. Then bow ·would :rou determine the fact? mittee room and authorized tbemselyes to be recorded u.s The SPEAKER If tl1at kind of a situation arose the Chair present and thereby making a quorum. Now, if that quorum would do what would be the sensible thing to do~ · was present a.nd they :rfterwanls retired, and no man in the :Ur. SAUNDERS of Virginia. I thought llie gentleman f1·om committee rai ed llie point of no quorum, then I maintain that 1\li souri ju t wanted to ask me a question. llie action of that committee, notwithstanding it was had when Mr. llA...ULIN. Just a word further. le s than a quorum were present, can not be challenged before 1\Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. I will yield to the gentleman the House. I submit tllat, in my opinion, the ruling of tile in a minute. I was on the point of taking up the very line of Chair, just announced, is manifestly erroneous. argument that the !!entleman has presented, and I would like Mr. CRISP. Mr. Speaker, I de ire to present my views con­ to conclude the statement of what I have in mind in this con­ cerning this situation to the Speaker. Under clause 1 of Rule nection. The chairman of the committee bas stated that the XXIV, where the House has reported a bill making no cbnrge record of his committee will show that a quorum was present upon llie Treasm·y and that bill is on the House Calendar, i..f u when. the om was reported. Now how can an oral statement similar Senate bill comes over here, it is in order, without a k­ to the effect that a quorum was not present be taken against ing unanimous consent, to have the Senate bill taken from the the conclusiYe presumption of the record that a quorum was Speaker's table and laid before tile House for immediate con­ present as evidenced by the record of the names of 10 members sideration, provided the committee having jtU'isdiction of the of the committee who answered on the roll call? subject matter of the bill autilorizes the chairman or some The SPEAKER. I know; but here is the gentleman from member of that committee to ask the present consideration of Tenne ee [Mr. HousTo1i], chairman of the committee, who the bill. elected to make the statement. Now, what may have happened in the House one day, as to its Mr. SAUNDERS ·of Vi1·ginia. No. . He was asked to make it, being challenged the next day, as some Members of the IIou e and · be made it. Bnt in this House he stands on the record of have quoted in this discussion, eems to me to have no bearing his committee, as affording him the authority to make the mo- on this case, because a condition precedent to tlle right to take tion which he has made. . up this bill from the Speakers table is aulliority from the com­ The SPEAKER. I know; but the Chair has no knowledge of mittee to call it up. Therefore it is incumbent upon the Cba.ir what that record shows. to determine whetheJ.• the gentleman propo ing to take up the :llr. SAUNDERS of Virginia. Then should the gentleman bill has authority from the committee. · from Tennessee b1ing in the record, that record will be. final Now, it bas been the universal practice in the House, where eYidence as to whether a quorum was~ or was not present? aut110rity from a committee to call up a bill was necessary to '.fhe SPEAKER. Tbnt is a stream that we have not come to the consideration of the bill, for the chairman of the committee yet. The Chair has not yet come to it. or the one calling it up to answer the Cha.ir . that be was au­ 1\Ir. SAUNDERS of Virginia. I do not desire to consume the thorized to call up the bill, and if nolliing else appeared and time of the Hou e -unneces arily, but "it seems to me that this that statement is not challenge(], the Chair, of course, accepts matter ought to be determined by what the record shows. Ac· the statement that the authority of the committee was granted, cording to the statement of the gentleman from Tennessee, . and the bill is laid before the House. the record of his committee will show that a quorum was present. Now, I have never seen a question of fact in cases of this kind The procedure in his committee with respect to securing a submitted to the Chair or decided by the Chair. It seems to me, x·ecord of the names of a quorum of the committee conforms to if I were in the chair, I would not care to pass upon a que tiOn the common practice in the committees. It was neither unusual of fact adsing uetween Members of the House. If one 1\.Iember. nor improper. If a 1\Iember of this body wishes to raise the of the House says he is authorized to do a thing in the committee, question of whether a quorum was present when the committee and some other member of that committee disputes it, I would Yote was taken, then he should call for the records of the com­ not puss upon it, but I would bold that the minutes of the com­ mittee. But if it is conceded that the records of the committee mittee was the highest evidence of the action of the committee~ '"ill show precisely what has been stated by the gentleman from and if a question of fact arose, I would require un amplification Tenne ee, then those records will conclusively show that a or certificate from the minutes of the committee as to what the quorum was present when the action in question was taken, action of the committee was. · and no statement to the contrary can be receivell. A bill may Now, it seems to me that the Member calling up the bill, if be pa eel without a qum;tun by this bocly, and if the issue is he makes a statement of the condition that happened in the ealing tlle facts would not be received against the presump­ of facts, and if it does not show legal authoritY from the com~ tion that a quorum was present. mittee to call up the bill, to so hold and to decline to entertain The SPEA.KER. Certainly. the motion for present consideration. On the contrary, if lle l\lr. A.U~'DERS of "Virginia. That analogy ::tl1Plies to the thinks the statement does bring it within legal action by the pre en t i tuu tion. committee. he accept the statement and nuthorizes tile motion. Mr. DUPRE. · But the Hou e. hns to act upon it. That is not The SPEAE.."'Ell. TI1e Chair is rendy to rule. The Chair feels conect, becawse the Hou e hntl sornetlling to say after the com- very much like adopting the retnal'ks of the gentleman !l·om 1918. COKGRESSIOX \.L R.ECORD-HOlJSE. 6691

Georgia [l\Ir. CRISP] as the opinion of tl1e Chair. There ha>e ''""ESTER~ .TUDICD.L DISTRICT OF YIRGI~U. been three or fom· matters brought in by way of illustratiou. 1\Ir. SAUI\'DERS of Virginia.· 1\Ir. Speaker, H. n. 9864 was For instance, some gentleman suggested that if ''e passed n l>ill pas ed by the Hou ·e on yesterday. Inadvertently the House here to-uay somebody could get up to-morrow and inquire if "·c faHcC1 to lmve the title conform to the text of the bill. I ask had a quorum. They can not do anything of the sort. . Tlw unanimous consent to h:we the title properly amended. HEcor:o is conclusive. EYerybody knows that all l\lembers are The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Yirgiuia asks unani- sworu in and the roll is calloo on the first day of the session mous consent to vacate the proceedings on H. n. 9864 llnck to . to a ·certain if there is a quorum here, and there always is the the poiut where the vote was tnken 011 tllc bill itself. Th~ Clerk fir t day; and then it is presumed eYer after that tlmt there I will report the title of the l>ill. is a quorum here until tlle fact to the contrary deyelops, either The Clerk read the title of t11e l>i!L (H. R. 9864) to amend by roll call Ol' by somebody raising a point of order, and nine- . section 3 of the Judicial Code in respect to the western district tenths of all the bills ever pas ed in this House are pas ed 1 of Yirginia. · without a quol'um. The Chair announces that the nyes have it, The SPEA.KEH. Is there ol>jectiou? the bi~l is passed, and a motion to recon ider ~ml lay on the !There ,,.3 s no objectiou. table IS made. The Supr~me. Court of th~ United States lms The SPEA.h.'"ER. The gentlemnn from Yirginia moves Uwt held more than once that It will not go behmd the llEco1w. So the title be nmended to conform to the substance of the utll. · rn11?h for. that. . . . . Witbout objection, it will be so ordered. 'Ihere IS only one case mentioned m tile Constltutwn " ·here Tllere was 110 objection. · there must be a roll call, nnd that is when an attempt is made On motion of Mr. SAu~DKES of Yi1·~inia, a motion to reconsider to pa ·s a bill over the Presie ills, reading th~ committ<'e shall rise and report the bill to the llou ·e, to- .llnps 200 bills, passed under precisely the same circumstances gether with all amendments. ii any. '"hereupon the predous question pel shall be consitlen·d ns orclf'red upon the I.Jill nnd nil amendments thereto ns t.hese, except that the point was not raised. to finaL passage without intcnening motion except one motion to rc- 1\It·. l\IAPES rose. commit. The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman rise? l\lr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Jr. Speaker, a parliamentary l\lr. MAPES. 'Vill the Spe..'lker allow me to raise the query inquiry. ns to the distinction between this rnse and the one whiC'h the The SPEAKER The gentleman will state H. Chair decided. and to which he refers? It seems to me that l\lr. COOPER of "\Yi ·con ·in. The rule simply gives the nurn- ilie point in that case was that the committee members were l>er of the bill. 'l'he title has not been rea(l. What i::; the subject not caUed together. matter of the bill? The SPEAKER. That is true. The SPEAKER The Chair does not knO\Y. l\11·. MAPES. And this was a formal meeting of the com- Mr. HARRISON of l\I1ss.i.ssipri. The subject matter of the mittee. bill is to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to cat·t·:r out tlm·- The SPEAKER I went into that whole question, l>oth phases ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 191D, the. purposes of the act of it, and, whuteyer anybody else mny think, my mind is made entitled ".A.n act to provitle further for the national secm·ity anti up. and it will neYer be changed unless the House votes to uefense by stimulating ugriculture and facilitating the distt·i­ OYetTule rn.r decision. The Chair holds that the gentleman bution of agriculhtral products." from ':Pennessee (l\Ir. HousTo~] can not bring up this bill under ~:lr. Speaker, the adoption of this rule will mal\:e possil>le the t11e circumstances whlch he describes. immediate consideration of this Yery importuut antl necessary l\lr. HOUSTON. l\Ir. Spea,l;;:er, a parliamentary inquiry. Agricultural npproprintion bill. 'J'o win this \Yat· the United The SPEAKER. The gentleman wiil state it. States must fnmish not only men and war mnteriuls bnt fooLl- 1\ll'. HOUSTON. Would it be in order to moye to sn ~ pentl the stuffs for our m·mies a·ncl the armies of our allies. It will rule· and take up this bill? avail us nothing if we haYe armies !Jut uotlliug by which 'l'he SPEAKER. Not now. It will be next l\lonill. The production nnd consermtion of foods, feeL1stuffs, and Is there objection? live stock are subjects tllat ::tt this time demnntl our immedh1te Mr. CALDWELL. I object. attention. Last year the farmers of this Natiou, follo,Ying the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Kew York ol>jects. suggestion of our Commnnill of the following titles: but great as their efforts have been and wonderful as "·ere the S. J. Res. 124. Joint resolution proYiding for the registration. results of those efforts, a greater task 110\\' coufronts them and for military service of all male persons citizens of the United the country, and if tile obligations of tlle hour nre to he met States or residing in the United States who have since the larger energies must be employe(l, g1·eatel' cffo1·ls exercisey tlle people throughout tlte coun­ age of 21 :years, in accordance with such rules and regula­ try to-day and the unbounded ptltriotblll of 1he American tions ns the President may prescribe under the terms of the act farmer will gather this ye..'lr . till greatet· results. To (lo this, approved l\1n.r 18, 1017, entitled "An act to authorize the Presi­ howeYer, the Government must encoumge the fannel' and must dent to increa ·e temporarily the Military Establishment of the cooperate with him in order to meet the :-~bnonnal <·OJHlitions of United States"; :mu to-urenns, ngencies, and offices, and for other the Government i proYide

Mr. DYER Will the gentleman yield? Mt-. HARRISON of Mississippi. Yes. Mr. HARRISON of Mississippi. I yield to the gentleman for a Mr. BLAND. There wa an appropriation recently pas eu question. for seed pring wheat. Does tl1is bill cover the same matter'! Mr. DYER Will tlle gentleman state in a word the object of ltr. HARRISON of 1\fi~si.ssippi. It does not; this is a. uiffer­ t11e bill to which this refers? ent proposition. Mr. Speaker, I now yield 20 miuutes to the ·1\Ir. HARHISON of l\lissi sippi. Last yem: in the general gentleman from Kansas [l\Ir. CAMPBELL), and reserve the bnl­ Agricultural appropriation bill we made appropriations to meet ance of my time. this ·war emergency. Some weeks ago we pa sed the general ~Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, n :real' ago the Agricultural appt·opriation bill, and it was stated at that time House was u.sked to pa a bill then known as the food-sun-ey by the gentlemen in charge of the bill that they were considering bill. It was stated by the Agi·icultural Department and the the provisions that called for appropriations nece ary to meet members of the Hou e comn1ittee reporting that bill that it was the emergency, the abnormal conditions in the country, and that e entia! tO' the country's needs for the proper prosecution of tlle they would meet those conditions in one bill tbat was to be 'var to make a survey of the food products within the United brought in Inter. . States. Of course. every practical man in the Hou. e and coun­ . That· is the bill that is proposed now to be consWered. It try knew that it was an utterly foolish thing to undertake­ carries millions of dollars. It deals in the prevention of ells­ that it would not result in the production or discovery of any eases and pest to food and live stock, with the mobilization food product not already known to be available and would be and tmnsport~tion of labor, furnishing advance raUt·oad fare in of no good to the country. By the time the report of the sur­ Cl.ll'rying Iubor to the farms, the marketing of vegetable products veyors could pos ibly be seut in anu collated conditions of the and foodstuff , furnishing eeds to drought-stdcken sections and food products would have o materially changed that the report eJ. e\vhere, educational antl demonstrational WOL'k through vari­ would be absolutely worthless. ous methods employed by the Agricultural Department to in­ But the Agricultural Department saw an opportunity to get the sure o-reater ·food production and many other wise and neces­ nose of the camel under the tent, an effort tlley had been unuer­ sary provision are provided, and for which appropriations are tn.king for years~ and proceed d with the action. They secured maf1C that will meet the present abnormal and war conditions. an appropriation of over $11,000,000. They asked for twenty­ :Mr. \VALSH. Will the gentleman yield for a question 1 five million and got eleven million and_a little more. That appro- · llr. HARHISON of Mi slssippi. I wiJJ. priatlon will have been spent by the 30th of June of this year. Mr. WALSH. The gentleman is a member of the Rules Com­ If the Agricultural Department bas told the Congress or t11e mittee, and I want to inquire if this bill is of the char;acter that couno·y of one dollar's worth of benefit that bas come from the it ls neces tu·y to bring in a special rule for its consideration? expenditure ·of that more than $11,000,000 I have not seeu the \;voultl it not have been in order for the Committee on Agricul­ report. Of course it coulu have done no goou, it could not have ture to call this up as one of the appropriations bills that are produced nor Sc'lved an ounce of food products.· A lot of high-brow privileged? agriculturists going about over the country, asking the farmers Mr. TI.A.RRISON of Missi sippi. The Committee on Rules did what the a essor had already ascertained-bow many fat hogs not think so. Tbe committee thought it was a matter of vital they had, what they woulLONDON. Will the gentleman yield? tion." In carefully going through tbi bill I have tried to tliS· Mr. HARRISON of Mi issippi. Yes. cover what would produce wheat that has not been taken care 1\lr. LONDON. Does the bill contain any new legislation? of in the regular Agricultural appropriation bill. Mr. HARRISON of lUi si ~ippi. It contains no new legisla- I haYe tried to find out what wtll produce corn that is not tion. covere<.l in t11e regular Agriculttua.l appropriation bill, or cotton, Mr. STAFFORD. I l.J(>g the gentleman's pardon, but there is or hogs, or cattle, or sheep, or any other thing that is u eful for sE>me new law. food that is not provided for- in the Agricultural appropriation Mr. HARRISON of 1\Ii is ippi. Yes, I tand for the COl'rec­ bill. They say that it is nece..,sary to kill pest . I uppo e in­ tion of the gentleman from \Viscons.in. The question of the cluded in tltnt are rats,. and I have all'eauy stated how valueless mobilization of labor is uew matter. the rat publication already issued upon the matter of getting Mr. STAFFORD. That is one item. The item I refer to pll.f"­ 1.·iu of rats has been. \Ve have provided in the rernlar Agl'i­ ticulnrly is that provision which authorizes the Secretary of cu1tural appropriation bill for destroying ticks on cattle uncl .Agricultur to commandeer for office purposes any office build­ illseases that affect cereals and thing of that sort-hog cholera ing in the District, regardles · of whether that office building is and all that-so that the only excuse for this bill is to continue occupied by ot11er governmental agencies or not. the fellows in office who w.ere inaugu1·ated under the pretext Mr. HARHISON of 1\.Iis issippi. The Committee on Rules thQt the country had to have a survey of the food in the coun­ thought that that was a necessary propo ition to be considered. try. In order to find places for the e hundreds aneen lost, and yet if -we do not provide a fund ()f this to keep those gentlemen in office. It \fill not do any good in kind now while w·e hnve eongested railroad conditions, while the prosecution of the war, but wilt take fTom the I-ublic Treas- "-e have many things to contend with, unle s we give this -powel' ury '18,000.000 that ought to be expended for bullets, for arms, -and a fund to the Department of .Agriculture to go into the com­ for ammunition, for aeroplanes, for something of that kind, munjties where there is a surplus of seed anu be able to take to use in bringing the war to a successful terminati()n. away this seed and put it in n community \Yhere they have a There is 110 provision in the bill that will-produce wheat or drought-stricken section and where they have not got seccls, we that will produce hogs or cattle that is not already tak-en care of are going to haven great .section of this cotmtry that will w.ake in the Agricultural appropriation bil1, and it is simply useless up to tlte fact that they may not lla,-e th-e seed with wllicll to and enseless to say to Congress and to the country that this plant the soiL This is one large item in thi bill. If the gen­ is n stimulant to agriculture. It merely provides for perpet- tlemnn from Kansas had hls wns. he would blot that item :out unting the activities in the Agricultural Department that wa::; of this bill, even in war times. He would not hand this emel'­ inaugurated a year ago under the 1Jretext of the necessity of a gency fund to this department, " ·hen e\-ery -dollar of it expended food survey. 'l'he necessity for a food survey is as .great to-day finally reaches its way back to the Treasury of the eountry. So a it was a year ago, but the surv-ey is not to be nu:J.de this yen.r, that cuts down the bill to something like $11,000,0 0. That it :lfllJ&'l.rs. The senseles. ness of it has even appealed to the simply is an extension of the work of the different <.lelml'tment · Department of Agricultm·e and to the Coirunittee on Agricul- -down there in the Department of Agriculture in their \YOrk they turc. They do not call it a food sm-.ey this time, but use the haYe carried on from year to yenr, simply doubles up their force more attractive phra e of .. stimulating agriculture." It will down there and J)repares that force to take caTe of ngricullnrc do 110 more benefit to the country by stimulating agriculture as a war emergency, anu you tell me that it is not an essential than tile bill a year ngo did in making u survey of the food of and important item; that we do everything at this critical tillle ·the 'country. r so that they can go · out to the farmers of the country and let 1\Ir. GREEN of Iowa. What are a'll of these employees·going I them know Lle country is short on wheat, let them lulO" tile to do now? country is short on grains of different kinds, let them know 1\Ir. CAl\1PBELJ.~ of Kansas. This bill is to keep them on the that we are short on meat, and let them l::no\Y as a pnrt of this pay roll in \\asbington and find places for more and provide , .great war program that we want them to come to the rescue more quarter-sawed oak, more mahogany, more places, more , not onJy of our .own Nation but of the nations we arc all:ied "·itlt accommodation. I fear this war up to this time bas beeu 1 in fighting this great war. This bill carries an :Hltlitiorull sum largely con<1ucted around quarter-sawe

01:. n~ a permanent force. They haYe those men,_ and they go I :\Ir. .-L.\fPBELL of K uusa . ~r. Speaker-- off the P ~ Y 1:on. tlw 1st of July, a~ tile ~nd of this fiscal yea~·· lU.r. C.ANDLER of Mississippi. I decline to yield to the gen- unle:s tlus b1ll 1s pa sed and ·we gt\C th1s fund to keep on thts tleman, because he declined to yield to me. emergency for~e;. and :while i~ i~ au exten.sion, in a way, of the l\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I ask the gentleman to quote yearly appropnatwn btll, yet 1t 1s to add 1mpetus to agricultm·~ me correctly. I said, on the contrary, that the food suryey had generally. been abandoned. Tllnt is all I haYe to sa~-. l\Ir. Speaker, because I think in Mr. 0--L.~DLER of ~lissi s ippi. It has not been abandoned the di ·cn: sion of the items of this bill the gentlemen of the but the work is being carried on now by the A"'riculturnl De~ IIou. ·e "\\ill see, while we may not agree that the amormt is cor- partment, and reports are being sent out, and th~ gentleman is r ect, t~at the purpo e of the bill i goou and will meet a war receiYing reports in the mail every day, as he will find out if uece s1ty. he will read his mail. He will get some to-day, to-morron·, and l\fr. 0:\.:\IPBELL of Kansas. I yield the balance of my time the day after to-morrow, and every day. to the gentleman from Io"\\a [lUr. TowKEU]. I\Ir. CAl\IPBELL of Kansas. May I a. k if Mr. HooYet· did 'The SPEAKER The gentleman yielus four minutes. not state to his committee that the food surYey \nls absolutely )h-. '.fO\V:NEn. ...Ir. Speaker, the statement \Yhich is mnde by Yalueless? • ilte g ntleman from Texas [l\Ir. Youxo], of course, is probably Mr. CA.....~DLER of Missi ippL I am not respon ible for ,.,·but an explanation, but it does not answer the objection that I· he say·, and this bill makes no appropriation for hi d~partment made to those proYisions of the bill that are carried in duplica- or anything that l\fr. Hooyer is doing. I haye not talked willi t ion of the proyi ions in the regular Agricultural appropriation him about it, and therefore I do not know what he says about hill for the Yery . ame pn:rpo es. It is not an answer, I submit, it or "\\hat he thinks about it. But I do know wbat tllis bill foe tile gentlem:m from Texas to say that the men employed proposes to do and what it will do if it is passed and put into unLlet· the proYisions of this bill may go off the rolls on the 1st operation and goes upon the statute books. of July of this year. That has n_othing to do \Vith the proposi- Now, tile gentleman from Iowa [l\fr. Tow -ER], my ilistin­ Uon. They may be permanent or they may be temporary. In guished friend, says that it is simply a duplication of the iden­ eitller ewnt they cover tile same items that are covered in the tical items tllat are carrieu in the appropriation bill. He is ref,'l.lhir appropriation bill and ought to haYe been included in badly- mistaken about that. 'Ihere is an item here for 1iYc­ illat blll. It is not only bad legislation but it is vicious legis- stock production in the Great Plains region. laUon to cover in succe siYe bills the . amc items. Gentlemen I\Ir. 'J;:OW :NER~ I want to correct the statement. I . aid of the Hou e h:we not opportunity to con ider what the amoupt some of the items of this bill are duplications, but not all of of appropriation is for a pecific put'i)ose. them. The first proyision in this bill is "For the prevention, control, Ur. C.AJ..~DLER of l\Iississippi. I am glacl to llaye tile gentle- . nnd eradication of l SlPt:t .. ~~t. _Spea.ket, I y1el'OC Jlurn tt Drane Urahum, Ill. J relanu survey of the footl througlwut tllis countrr-nnd that you ought Byrnes .. . C. Dupro <;ray, ~. J. .1 obnson, Ky. to be able, by the proYi sions of the bill nn

Kin ~ Morgan Rouse Thompson 1\Ir. ScJLUL with l\Ir. CHANDii.En of 1\ew York. Kinkaid Neely Rubey Tillman Mr. S).rALL with Mr. CooPER of Ohio. Kitchin Nelson Russell Timberlake Knutson Nicholls, S. C. Sa bath Van Dyke· :Mr. WHALEY with Mr. CRAGO. Krnus Oldfield Sanders, Ind. Venable 1\Ir. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, I am paired with the gentleman Lazaro Oliver, Ala. Sanders, N.Y. Vinson from Florida, 1\Ir. SEARs. I desire to withdraw my vote "aye" Lea, Cal. Oliver, N.Y. Saunders, Va. Volstead Lee, Ga. Osborne Scott, Iowa Walker and vote " present." Lellll>ach O"Shaunes,;y Scott, Mich. Walton The result of the \ote was announced as above recorded. Lesher Overstreet Shackleford Wason Lever Padgett Sherley Watkins FOOD PRODUCTION. Linthicum Paige Shouse Watson, Ya. Lobeck Park Sinnott '\\reaver The SPEAKER. A quorum is present. The Doorkeeper will London Parker, N. J. • Sisson Wet> I> open the doors. The House automatically re olves it elf into Lonergan Peters Slayden Welling the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, Lundeen Polk Smith, Mich. Welty Lunn Pou Snell Wheeler with the gentleman from Yirginia [Mr. SAUNDERS] in the chair. McArthur Purnell Steagall White, Me. Accordingly the House resolveu itself into Committee of the McClintic Quin Stedman Williams McKeown Ragsdale Steele Wilson, ill. Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration of McKinley Rainey, II. T. Stephens, Miss. Wilson, La. the bill H. R.11945, with Mr. SAUl\"'DERS of Virginia in the chair. McLaughlin, 3Ilch.Rainey, J. W. Sterling, lll. Wilson, Tex. The CHAIRl\IAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole McLemore Raker Sterling, Pa. Wingo l\fagee Randall Stiness Wise Hom;e on the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill Ma nsfield Rankin Sumners Wood, Ind. H. R 11945, which the Clerk will report. . :Mapes Rayburn Sweet Woods, Iowa The Clerk read the title of the bill, us follows: :um·tln Reavis Switzer. Woodyard A bill {H. R. 11945) to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to carry Mason R~ed Tague Wright out. during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the purpo. es of the act 1\Iays Robinson '.raylor, Ark. Young, N. Dak. entitled "An act to provide· furth~r for the national security and defense Millt>r. Wash. Rogers Taylor, Colo. Young, Tex. by stimulating agriculture and facilitating the distribution of agricul­ 1\Jondell Romjtre Temple Moon nose Thomas tural products." NAYS-17. 1\Ir. CANDLER of Mississippi. 1\Ir. Chairman, I ask unani­ Campbell. Kans. La Follette Sherwood Waldow mous con ent that the fir t reading of the bill be dispensed with. Cannon Longworth Stafford Wa1sh The CHAilll\fAN. The gentleman from 1\Iississippi asks Cary McCormick Tilson unanimous consent that the first reading of the bill be dispensed Chandler, Okla. Madden Tinkham Good Robbins Towner with. Is there objection? 1\Ir. WALSH. Mr. Chairman, I think the bill is of sufficient ANSWERED " :PRESENT "-3. importance that the membership should hear it read. Dr owning Dowell Rodenberg The CHAIRMAN. Objection is made. The Clerk will read. NOT VOTING-164. The Clerk read the bill, as follows: Anthony Estopinal Kettner Riordan Be it enaoted, etc:, That to enable the Secretary of Agriculture. to B urkley Evans Key, Ohio Roberts carry out, during the fiscal :rear ending June 30, 1919, the purposes Bland Fairchild, B. L. Kies~, Pa. Rowe Booher Fairchild, G. W. Kincheloe Rowland of the act entitled "An act to provide further for the national security Brodbeck Farr Kreider- Rucker and defense by stimulating agriculture and facilitating the distribution :Burroughs Flynn LaGuardia.. Sanders, La. of agricultural products," approved August 10, 1917 { 40 Stats., p. Butler Focht Langley Sanford 27'3), there is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury .., ldwcll Foster Larsen Schall ~oJ ~~J~wise appropriate.d, the following sums for the purposes Campbell, Pa. Freema-n Little Scott, Pi. 1 Carew Fuller, Ill. Littlepage Scully 1. For the prevention, control, and eradication of the diseases and Carter, Mass. Garland Lufh"in Sears pests of liVP. stock; the enlargement of live-stock production, and the Chandler, N. Y. Gillett McAndrews Sells conservation and utilization of meat, poultry, dairy, and other animal Church Glynn McCulloch Shallenberger products, $1,058,975. Clark, Fla.. Goodall McFadden Siegel 2. ll'or procuring, storing, and furnishing seeds, as authorized by Clark, Fa. Gordozr McKenzie Sims section 3 of the act, the appropriations for said purposes of 2,500,000 Cleary Gould McLaughlin, Pa. Slemp in section 8 of the act and $4,000,000 under the heading " Department ConneUy, Kans. Graham, Pa. Maher Sloan of Agriculture" in the act approved March 28, 1~18, entitlE'd "An act Cooper, Ohio Gray, Ala. Mann_ · Small making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations Cos tello Greene, M:lss. Meeker Smith, Idaho for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, and prior fiscal years, on B. account of war expen&es, and for other purposes," shall be available Crngo Griest Merritt Smith, C. until the date when said act of August 10, 1917, shall cease to· be in urrie, 1\.fich. Hamill Miller, Minn~ Smith, T. F. Curry, Cal. Hamilton, :Mich. Montague Snook (>trect, and any moneys heretofore or hereafter received by the United Dille, N.Y. Hamilton, N.Y. Moore, Pa. Snyder States for furnishing such seeds may be used as a revolving fund Darrow Hayes Moores, Ind. Steenerson until said date. Davidson Heaton Morin Stephens, Nebr. 3. For the prevention, control, and eradication of insects and plant Davis Hefiin Mott Stevenson di eases injurious to agriculture, and the- conservation and utilization Delaney Heintz ~fudd Strong of ulant productH, 811,300. Dent Hood Nichols, Mich. Sullivaq 4. li'or increasing food production aud eliminating waste and pro- . Dewalt Boward Nolan Swift moting conservation of food by educational and demonstrational methods, Die3 Bull, Iowa Norton Talbott through county, di3tric~t and urban agents and others, $6,100,000. Dill Humphreys Olney Templeton 5. For gathering nurooritatlve information in connection with the Dillon Jacoway Overmyer- Treadway demand for, and the production supply, distribution, and utilization of Dominick James Parker, N. Y. Vare food, and otherwise carrying out thP purposes of section 2 of the act ; Donovan Johnson, S.Dak. Phelan Vestal extending and enlarging the market news service ; and preventing Dooling Johnson, Wash. Platt Voigt waste of food in storage, in transit. or held for sale; advise conct>ruing Doremus .Tones Porte:r- Ward the market movement or distribution of perishable products; for enu· Drukker Kahn Powers Watson, Pa. bling the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and certify perishable Dunn KeAI'ns Pratt Whaley a~icultural products, as provided in the agricultural appropriation Eagnn Kehoe Price White, Ohio act for the fiscal year 1919, $2,136,028. Eiimonds· Kelley, Mich. Ramsey Winslow G. For miscellaneous items, including the salaries of assistant secre­ Elston Kelly, Pa. R_amseyer Zihlman · taries appointed under the act approved August 10, 1917 ; special work in crop estimating; aiding agencies in the various States in sup­ So the resolution was agreed to. plying farm labor ; enlarging the informational work of the Department of ·Agriculture; and printing and distributing emergency leaflets posters The Clerk announced the following additional pairs : and other publications requirin~ quick i~sue or large editions 1'105 980' Until further notice: of which sum not exceeding 25,000 shall be available for rent tn' the'ms: Mr~ S.Al\TDERS of Louisiana with Mr. RonE...""VBERG. trict of Columbia: Pt·o'IJ'ided, That the SecrE-tary of Agriculture is author· ized, for the official purposE's of the Department of Agriculture, and within 1\fr. Snrs with Mr. GREENE of Massachusetts. the limits of the _appropriations for rent made by this or any other act 1\Ir. TALBOTT with 1\fr. BROWNING. making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture, to requisition 1\Ir. DONOYAN ·with 1\Ir. ANTHONY. the usc of, and take possession of, any building or any space in any building-, and the appurtenances thereof, in the District of Columbia 1\Ir. JoNES with 1\!r. CARTER of 1\Iassaclmsetts. other than a dwelling house occupied as such or a building occupied l\lr. KEY of Ohio with 1\Ir. Cunnm of 1\lichigan. by any other bran.ch of the United States Government; and he shall l\Ir. CALDWELL with 1\lr. BLAND. . ascertain and pay just compensation for such use. If the amount of compensation so ascertained be not satisfactory to the person entitled l\Ir. BooHER with l\lr. Tr.EADWAY. to receive the same, such person shall be paid 75 per cent of such Mr. 0H1JRCH with lUr. HAMILTON Of 1\lichigan. amount, and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such l\Ir. SHALIL~UERGEn with l\Ir. KIEss of Pennsylvania. furthH sum as, added to said 7u pE>r cent, will make up such amount as will be just compensatlen for such use in the manner provided by 1\lr. DoREMUS with Mr. GoULD. section 24, paragraph 20. and section 14-u of the- Judicial ('odP. l\fr. FLYNN with 1\Ir. l\fcCULLOCH. T. For enablin~ tbe Secretary of A~riculture to provide for and l\Ir. Gonno~ with l\Ir. PAnKEB of New York. secure the 10luntury mobilization nnrl distribution of fnrm labor for · c HELO£ the production and harvesting of agricultural crops, and to udv:mcc l\lr.,KL with 1\Ir. RowE. railroad fares and other actual travPiing ~>xpenR • R f n 1· t hf> tramnlor­ 1\lr. LTTT LEP~GE with 1\Ir. STRONG. tation of such labor, upon such terms and conditions nnd subject ~Ir. Or::NEY' with l\h·. Uuno. to such regulations as the- SPcretary of Ag-riculture- s h all pt'!'scribe £500,000 nvailnble immediately, of wbich not exceeding s;i'iO.OOO may l\fr. PHEL.\:'1< 'Tith Mr. -n' ARD. be expended for the payment of such administrative e.xpt-n.<;cs. including l\lr. Hrolill .\~ \\ith l\lr. BUTLER. such rent, the expenses of such printing and publications, the purchase

. 6696 COl_ TGRESSiox~~rj _RECORD- HOUSE. l\IAY 17,

of Rucil supplies :mc1 equipment, and the employment of such persons .:Jfr . .':\liTH of :\Jie:higau. Whn t i. meant by the statement nnd menn~;~, in the -Di. trict of Columl,in. and el ewherf', as the • cretnry of .-\griculture may tlcem nee~. ary for the purpo. . es of this item. Any tllat the net will continue e u. cd ns a re>olving fund for further carl'ying out the purposes of this item; any halnnce of such moneys not used as part of .. ucll re­ amount will be e:\.l_)enlled. 'l'here will be nppropriations every Yolving funu shnll ue covPred into tile 'Ir':.'a. ury as mi. ct'llaneou.· re­ year following this year, so long as that net remnins in effect ceipts. In carrying out th_e purpo. es of tbis item tbe ,'ecreiary or aml is npon the statute book. J\grlculture is authorizeu to cooperate with the Secretary of Labor or any other Federnl, State, ·~ounty or municipal departmE-nt, ngcncy, .:\11·. S)IITH of l\Iichigan. For the ·arne pmposes? or ol:licer, or with any a . ociatiorr of farmers, board of trade, chamber l\lr. CA!\DLEn of Mi ·sis. ippL For practically the same pue­ of commerce, or similar organization, or with any person. A.~ricul­ turnl labor actually mployed in agriculture and needeu for cultintting poses, to carry on the work an.'DLER of 1\li slssippi. 1\Ir. Chairman, the bill under which may arise as the result of experience. Of course, it may consin utilized. full committee clay after day for nearly a week more aud Mr. HAGSD_\LE. t;pon what terms ::tre these seeds sold'? reported by the committee to this House. Therefore it is not Ar they solcl on credit, en security, or fo1· cash? a bill which has not received due consint of the GoYernmcnt responded more quickly or in or

Agriculture. It: work is not England to the lloch-y Mountain Anyone who has followed the rapid course of progress in tile State-·. The Kation was repre ented by the Secretary of Agri­ industry of the fm·m ·does not need to be reminded that much culture and specialists of his staff and the States by their com­ of our hope for success in this war is grounded in a sturdy mi. sioners of agriculture, offic~rs of their agricultural colleges, agriculture which has been greatly strengthened by the Federal and · men in charge of the cooperati\e agricultural extension and State Go\ernments in such moYements for national better­ " ·ork. The editors of 7:J farm journals also were present. On ment as were provided for in the cooperative agricultural­ Aprill3 the Westem States, in a similar conference at Berkeley, extension act, the farm-loan act, the Federal reset\e act, the Cal., called at the request of the Secretary of Agriculture, iii­ grain-standards act, the warehou e act, the Federal-aid roau dor. ed the conclu._ions reached at St. Louis, \Yhere a program act, and other progressiYe measures. was allopted the sub tantial part of which has been enacted into This 1\ation- law or put into practice without material change. Under -the Said the Secretary of Agriculture some time ago- leader hip of the department and its associfi:ted agencies the is exceptionally fortunate 1n haTing laid generations ago fouDllations for scientific and practical agriculture, not only for the whole Nation farm r · of the ~atiou, in spite of difficulties, greatly increased in the J;'cderal Department of Agriculture but also for each State in theil· activities, with the result that they planted 246,275,000 the land-grant college, in the State department of agriculture, and in acres of the lending food crops, compared with 223,337,000 in the great farmers' organizations. Representatives of these agencies in two clays at St. Louis not only eTolved a program inTolving legislation 191G and 213,93G,OOO, the a\erage for the fi\e years 1910-1914. but a program involving also organization and coordination of agencies The yi,_eld of the leading cereals was n full billion bushels, in­ for more effective assistance in this crisis. Such organization was cluding ·wheat, 'corn, barley, rye, oats, and aU other cereals, in quickly developed and I imagine that in this direction, as in others. the Nation has given demonstrations of efficiency that no other nation excess of the production of the preceding year, notwithstanding has equaled. the fact that the winter-wheat yield for the year \\U.S short, be­ In this connection another statement made Jjy the Secretnry cause of the yery heavy loss from winter killing. a few months before war was declared is of interest: Mr. LONDON. Does that represent more acreage or in­ We hear much about the efficiency of foreign goTernmcnts and of creased production? the farmers of other nations. There is no other Government in the l.Ur. C.ANDLER of 1\H sissippi. Both. At llie same time live world which has agricultural establishments at all comparable with those now provided by the people of the United States through their stoclt of_all kinds was increased, including hor es to the extent Federal and State Governments. More helpful and constructiTe agenf'ies of 1.7 per cent, or 3:'53,000, and mules to the extent of 2.1 per are now in operation for the betterment of rural life than ever before cent, or 101,000, in spite of the great numbers of animals that ln the history of the Nation. Even now no farmer in the world can compare with the American farmer in agl'icultural efficiency. ills ha ye been sent to Europe for \mr purpose. . Milch cows in­ adaptability to new and changing conditions, to the use .of improved creased 1.7 per cent, or 390,000, and other cattle 4.u per cent, machinery and processes, coupled with the great natural resources with which the Nation is endowed, make him far superior to any of his or 1,8G7,000; sheep, for the first time in seyeral years, increased competitors. ' . hy 2.7 per cent, or 1,284,000,-and swine t:i.7 per cent, or 3,871,000. It is true that he docs not produce more per acre than the farmers ·while, of cour e, these results must be ascribed mainly to our of some of the othe1· nations. Production per acre, however, is not the .American standard. The standard is the amount of production for loyal and patriotic farmers, who do the \York, still, undoubtedly, each person cngaged in agriculture, and by this test the American no small measure must be a ·cribed to the work of the Depart­ farmer appears to be from two to six times as efficient as most of his ment of .Agriculture, especially through the cooperatiYe agricul­ competitors. With the provisions heretofore and recently made to assist him both in the field of production and distribution. he need not tuxal extension machinery of State agencies, including the agri­ fear the competition of the world. He will Inevitably control the home cultural colleges, and of farmers' organizations. market, except for things which can not be produced here, and will be There was a shortage of wheat in 1917 due to unfa\orable called upon increasingly to supply the needs of the world. weather, but in all other respects food supplies were more Therefore, you see the American farmer is the best farmer on abundant. Last fall, when there \Yas still no little apprehen­ earth. For this reason I have always been his friend, before I , ion, due to the short wheat yield and the neeu for increaseu came to CQngress and eYery minute since I ha\e been a 1\Iember production, the department called further conferences and pro­ of the House, and I propo e to stand by him as long as I live in jected a campaign for increased wheat and rye acreages. Again public or private life. [Applause.] . . this winter, 'Yith a \iew of securing larger production, a. new In addition to the agencies already in existence '"hen the program was planned for the spring and summer operations; Unitetl States entered the war, the St. Louis conference sug­ and the farmers, who are always pah·iotic and willing and gested the creation in each State, either separately, or pref­ anxious to help the country, are making e-very effort to Jncreasc erably in connection with the State council of safetr, of a. the acreage and as a natnral consequence increa e products small central division on food production and conservation, necessary for our prosperity. [Applau e.] composed of representati\es of the State boards of agriculture The gratifying increases of 1917 promise not only to be main­ nnd the land-grant colleges, of such farmers' organizations as tained but further increased in 1918 in spite of the difficulties the Grange, the Farmers' Union, the American Society of which the farmers encotmter in respect to labor and many sup­ Equity, the Gleaners, the Farmers' National Congress, and plies. The winter wheat acreage is the largest on record and others as may exist in a. particular State, and of bankers' and would ha\e been still larger but for the dry weather which pre­ business agenoies. This sugge tion was communicated to the vailed at planting time in a considerable part of the grain belt. go\ernors of the several Stutes by the Secretary of Agriculture 'Ihe indications are that there will be a considerable increase in and such an organization promptly -was created in nearly eYery the pring wheat acreage, and the weather and soil conditions of State in the Union. They have remlered \ery effective service all wheat apparently ru·e very favorable. The crop programs in 'connection with the organization of agriculture and in the for 1917 and 1918 and the activities of the Department of Agri­ coordination of agricultural activities in the Yarious States. culture and its associates, the land-grant colleges, could not The conference also suggested the creation of county, township, have been adequately planned and carried on but for the funds or urban bodies of similar constitution, working in close co­ provided in the food-production act for the fiscal rear 1918. operation with the State central agencies, to study nnd deal The bill which we are now discussing makes provision for the with problems of food production and conservation. continuation of these acti\ities during the fi cal year 1919 and The Secretary of Agriculture, shortly after the St. Louis con­ are absolutely necessary to continue this splendid work for ference, called to his assistance at Washington men of special increased production to furnish fogu to supply our A.rmy and training and broad experience to a. i t him in further projecting Navy and our allies. the activities of the department, in keeping in touch with the As the result of the St. Louis and Berkeley conferences the problems and machinery o\er the Nation, and in promoting large most peaceful inuush·y of a peaceful country hau shouldered national activities. He also thought it of special importance its \\'ar task one week after war was declareu, and its agri­ that he secure the views of the executive heads of the great na­ cultural leaders in two

in which be discussed tbe recrnnmendations of the St. Louis con­ The work of controlling pl.ant anu animal diseases and inse<:t ference and made specific suggestions for legislative action. pests has been greatly intensified, and especially efficient baYe Conferences immediately were heJd :with members of the Agri­ been the efforts to reduce . the losses rrom cereal smuts and cultural .Committees of the Hou e and Senate anil, at their sug­ rusts and the diseuses of both white and sweet potatoes. Hog gestion, the Secretary undertook the preparation of tentati\e cholera losses as a result of the :field work of 1GO -trnined veteri­ measures embodying the necessary legislation as outlined in l1is narian '.vorking in 33 States in cooperation with the ngricultural letter to the Senate. '.Chere were two leading thoughts in mind. colleges, tb9 State regulatory authorities, and local veterinarians, One thought 'las to speed up the acth·ities of existing agencies have been reduced in the last 12 months fully 20 per cent, fol- along normal lines and to have them attack aggressively c~rtain 1owin17 a reduction of 50 per cent during the _preceding four years. larger ~roblems of production, home economic , and fa:rm mar­ Gratifying progre has been made in control of the cattle tick keting. The other was to vest powers in the P1·esident to be through the operation of 286 bureau inspector , 284 State inspec­ exercised through an emergency agency rather than through an tors, and 1,202 county inspectors during the later months of existing department, to deal ·with certain special and nrgentprob­ 1917, at which time 21,247 dipping vats were in operation. lems growing out of the :~.Yar and having both .a national .and an Fifty-two per cent of the original 328,565 square mile of terri­ international aspect. Hearings were held by the Serurte and tory had been relea ed from quarantine in December, 101'7. House ·committees and clmnges made from time to time in the Such progress ha been made in the eradication of sheep and tentative drafts and bills perf-ected. and reported to Congress. cattle scabies 'that it is believed that by 1920 ·there will be no All the suggestions found final expression in the enactment and territory under quarantine for these diseases. Similar progress approval by th~ PTe ident on August 10, ~917, or two measures : has been made in the control of diseases of hor es, and an active First. The food-control act, the provisions of wllich, so fur as enmpaign to control tuberculosis is now under w·ay in ~ State . they -relate to fooas and feeds, are administered by the Food NeYer before lmve lhe -pro<1ucers on the one hand and the .Administrator ; and consumers on the other hand been so well ervcd with ·Com­ Second. ':Uhe food-production net, which is administered by prehensive, prompt, .and accurate information as is now being furnisl1ed by the Bureau of Markets of the Department of Agri­ .the Department of Agriculture and carries -an .appTopriation of 1 '$11;346,400. culture. Through its market news service it keeps before tile At fir t <>'lanee jt might appear that tlte e two measures, the producer, the 'distributer, and the consumer a perpetual picture food-control 'llCt and the food-production act, overlap unneces­ of the mo'r-ement of both staple .and peri :habte product-s, tlle sarily and. that neeclless duplication of effort between the Food supplies arriving in all •of the more important citie , and the dmini tration and the Department of Agriculture would result wbolesale prices preYailing in each. Tbu , the grower knows This impression, however, is corrected by a proper understanding daily the shipments of the preceding 2.4 hours from his own and from each competina district, the destinatiOns of the cars of the functions of the two agencies which "\"\"a~ .clearly explained in the Secretary' annual report for 1917: as shown by original billing, and the actual arr1va1s upon aU the principal markets within his reaeb. In like manner the In n broad wa:y the Fooil Administration ilas as 'its })rime functions the control and regulation of the comme:rci!d distribution of .foods and producer of sta-ple products of the f1u-m and tbe Tanch knows feedstum> ; tha-t is, of prodllcts -whicb ha>e reached the markets and are the movement of products m which be is lntere ted, the volume, 1n the cnannels of distribution :or in -the hands •of consumers, their con- tbe -demand, and the -mlue in so ;far as the e elements :rre · - ser>a tion by -eon umers, and the elimination of waste, -through the em- , ployment of regula1· ofticial as wEill as "VOlunteer agencies. a ·certainable by far-reaching and painstaking proce e of ur­ The Depa'l"tment of Agricnlture continues to administer the laws \ey and report. For instance, '625 whole ale packing establish­ placed under its juri diction a nd to direct its activities in reference to ments and public cold torages are reporting the stocks of production. It also continues to make the investigations authorized by -congress and to furnish as ista.nec to farmers .and live-stock IDen 1n i:be frozen and cured meats and lard on the first of eaCh month; marketing of their products; -to stimulate organization among J>TO­ 300 storages report the stocks of 5 classes of frozen poultry, ducers !or the distribution of their product to the Illll.l:kets ; and to pro­ and ·4"50 storages report the stoeks of case egg~ and frozen eggs ; mote the con ervatian of far.m and animal product·, especially of perish­ ables, through cn:nnin.g, drying, preservin"', pickling, and the like. J:t 30,000 grain and hay producers, dealer , feed manufacturers, retains its work in llome econoffiles as provided by law, .and cooperates and buyers of -feed tnfis, grain, 1l.Dd hay haYe been furnished 'in this neld ns heretofore with the agricultural colleges through the information relative to onrces of supply, .conditions in the extension sen·ice. It directs all these undertakings in greatly expanded -form under the authority and with the funds provided by the food--pro­ different markets, the ·stocks in deale:rs' hands, the receipt and duction act. J:n their pTomotion it utilizes its own official machinery hipments and pl.'evailing market p:rices, and this information and enlists the aid of -volunteers. is :made to ser:l."""e both producer and consumer in a way to In the main, the Department of Agriculture deals ·with all the promote the maximum of intelligent and fair dealing and a processes of farming and follows the products through the markets to the poln.t where they are a-vailable, and are in requisite form, for actual minimum of sharp practice. Particularly helpful was the work consumption. It aius in these proce:S ·es through investigation, advice, of the bureau inaugurated la t summer, and still maintained, and demonstration ; only in the case of certain :Products and proces cs in the drought regions of the Southwest and the Northwest. bas it regulatory authority. The Food Administration, however, has wide powers of regulation lllld direction of food materials and i'ood Through offices coiiTeniently located to ser\e as clearing bou es products. Where the Food Allmini trntion through its powers c.an be for information fo.r farmer ' who have feed for sale and farmers of assistance to the Department of Aoariculture in its field, it is at who desire to purchase feed, buyers and ellers have been liberty freely to make . sugge~'iion , and, when necessary, to cooperate in execution ; .and the same relation obtains as to- the department's par­ brought together, and thousands of cattle and other live stock ticipation in Food Administration matters in which it ha~ a vital in­ haYe been ·saved from starvation. tere t, _and toward the promotion of which it can ~e of assistance. :hlr. DENISON. 'Vill the gentleman yield for a question! Prompt action was necessary to ca1·ry 'OUt the recommen

Agriculture, and when this bill expires by-limitation, then the culture have been certified by the Secretary of Agriculture for appropriations will cease and the employees which have been deferred classification for military service. With that large employed and have been made necessary by the activities number already certified, are we doing justice to those required under the bill will go out of the service of the Government, to take their places? Is it fair to provide for a soft berth and we will return to the normal conditions and to the ordi- ln the public crib at a salary of from one to three· hundred nary appropriation. dollars a month for one and to draft another at $30 a month to 1\Ir. MADDEN. Will the gentleman yield? do the fighting for him? Judging from press reports the people 1\.Ir. CANDLER of Mississippi. I will. 1n the country do not seem to take kindly to the proposition to Mr. MADDEN. I understand. under this bill it is possible furnish their sons to do the fightlQ.g for those exempted from and altogether likely there will be about 11,000 additional em- military duties unless for legitimate and proper reasons. Just ployees put on the Government pay roll outside of the civil last week the farmers of North Dakota took a day off, went service? to town with brush in hand to spread yellow paint over their Mr. CANDLER of 1\:Iississippi. Well, the understanding of banker's bunk as evidence of their disapproval of their banker's the gentleman is incorrect. No such increase or manner of son having been placed in the deferred classification. The same selection is contemplated by the department. performance took place in Iowa recently because a banker's 1\fr. 1\fA.DDEN. The bill itself originally, as it was contem- son-in-law, ·who had been in the first classification, was tran& plated while it was under consideration by the committee, pro- ferred to the second. Only a fe.w days ago the House by a. large vided for about 11,900, but a reduction being made 1n the ap- majority rejected a conference report which had for its purpose propriation the number was reduced to about 11,000. the exempting of theological and medical students from military 1\lr. CANDLER of 1\.Iississippi.. Oh, the gentleman is mistaken. service. There will be, of course, employees made necessary in accord- With that sentiment, under existing conditions, with 2,000 :mce with the development of the work, but there will not be employees in the department already certH:ied by the Secretary any unnecessary employees. l)f Agriculture to the military authorities for deferred classifica- 1\lr. SINNOTT. Will t11e gentleman yield for another ques- tion, are we justified in adding 11,000 more employees to the tion? department and to make it possible to excuse them temporarily 1\.Ir. CANDLER of Mississippi. 1\.fy time has about expired, from military duty? 1\lany of yon have, as I have, cheerfully and. I have taken more time than I intended. If I had more given our sons to the service. Are we doing justice to our own time, I would gladly yield to the gentleman. Let me say in or the sons of others, or those who may be called into the serv­ final conclusion that this is a: war measure: made necessary by ice to take the place of those excused from military service war conditions. We must supply our noble and brave boys made possible by this bill? In my opinion it is well worth who are fighting for our country, and to do so and supply our considering. But we are at war, which is held out as a justi­ people and our allies everything must be done to increase pro- fication for the appropriation; another is that this is no time duct19n. I appeal to you, my fellow Members, to aid in the to question or to dispute the action or estimates of any depart­ passage of this meritorious and nece sary legislation and thereby ment of our Government; all agree that the question of how have a part in an the good work to be accomplished by it. I to win the war should be made the para:motmt issue. In that thank you for your interest, patience, and attention. [Loud connection the food supply is, of course, one of the most im­ applause.] portant problems. It is unnecessary to say that we or our At·my 1\lr. HAUGEN. Ur. Chairman, the proposed bill carries an can not exist without food. When we take into consideration appropriation of $18,212,283. Accord1ng to the estimates sub- our allies' limited p1·oduction of foodstuffs and the proximity mitted to the committee, and as stated by the gentleman f·rom . of our source of supply to the field of action, it is obvious that Illinois [1\lr-. 1\lA.DnENJ, it will give employment to about 11,000 it is not sufficient for us to simply supply our own soldiers and people, practically all outside of the classified service, as stated people with food, but we must, in a large degree, supply our by the gentleman from 1\lississippi [1\lr. CANDLER]. 1\luch of allies. When we consider that we are confronted with a short­ the work suggested is, of course, of much importance, but con- age of foodstuffs not only in our allies' countries, but in our own sidering present conditions the enormous expenditures made in country as well; that, together with the world's limited shipping connection with its importance and the results obtained in the facillties and the fact that it requires about three times the. past, I can not but doubt the advisability of at least a part of time for a ship to make a journey to Australia and return to many of the appropriations proposed in the bill. The annual France and about twice the time to .A...rgentina as to the United appropriation bill now in conference carried when it left the States, it is clear to all that we have a tremendous task be­ House $2~943.773. The Senate raised it to $28,248,933. In fore us. view of the liberal appropriations made for the Department of 1\Iuch attention has bE:'CII directed to the question of building Agriculture; the stupendous appropriations made by Congress ships, which, of course, we need. Every encouragement should for the current year, aggregating in the billions, which has be given to shipbuilding; but ships are of little value if we have neces itated the sale of liberty bonds, war-savings and thrift not the cargo with which to load them. Hence we must have stamps; Treasury certificates mounting up in the billions; the food, ships, munitions, arms, clotlling, and equipment, which a:re inflation of the cunency; the issuing of reserve bank notes; all essential to the winning of the war. besides we are at war, men are needed in the trenches, on the Unfortunately, farmers in general are now facing a serious farm , in the factories, in the mines; in fact, in every line of condition ns to farm labor on account of the many farm hands activity-considering conditions in general, it would seem wise joining the Army; also due to the fierce competition with in­ to pause or, as has been suggested, to slow down, to "stop, look, dustrial centers, especially with the munitions manufacturer. and listen " ; to carefully scrutinize all appropriations, at least In many sections of the country the farmer is short not only tho e of the least importance; and to· give due and careful on labor but on feed, agiicuttural supplies, and on credit. Be­ consideration to the mobilization and assignment of our man sides, as I have stated, recent legislation and price fixing llas, power. according to the testimony before the House and Senate commit- If so, it may be found that rather than to employ an army of tees and the pres~ reports, discouraged the farmer and has re- 11,000 people to travel over the country telling farmers how suited in a decrease instead of an increase in production. to farm, it might be better to put them back of the plow, as As ali kno,v, feeders of hogs and cattle are losing money;, that money might better be appropriated for the furnishing of that is, if the price of corn is taken into consideration. I sold tractors and sulky plows for the 11,000 people to ride upon feeders in Chicago last fall as high as $11.40 per hundred. instead of in automobiles. If increased production is to be The feeder wllo bought them from t11e scalper and paid freight taken into consideration, undoubtedly 11.000 men back of the to his feed yard paid at least $12 per hundred. If feeding corn, plow would bring better ~esults than 11.000 talking and riding he will, when his steer is finished, have fed 80 bushels to each in Ford cars. Already we have 5,400 people in the field under steer; if be is a successful feeder he may produce-I will be t1le supervision of the States Relations Service engaged in dem- liberal and say 500 !)Ounds of beef and 300. pounds of pork; onstration and extension work, an average of two to the coun- if he topped the market, he would get in Chicago, according to ties, besides a large number of people- employed by the various quotations, from $13 to $14 per hundred. Grant that he got bm·eaus and divisions of the department, traveling in the same $13.75 ::md that he started out with 1,100-pound steer at $12 direction, riding on the same train, living in the same hotel~ per bundretl, or $132 for the· steer, and has paid $2 a bushel and in many instances pursuing the same lines of activity and for 80 bushels of corn, $160; total, $292. If the steer has duplicating t11eir work. Though there nppears to be much dupli- gained 500 pounds and sells at $13.75, or $13 net, he receives cation of work, there i , of cour e, much to be commended. $~08.30 for the steer and $46.50 for a 300-pound _ho~. at $15.50, Nevertheless, the question to be determined is, "Are 11,000 more or a total of $254.80; deduct $254.80 from $292, he has a los · of needed; are their services needed more for this line of activity $37.20 on each steer; to that should be added the risl\:, his labor, than in the trenches. on the farms, in the factot·ies. and in the hay, and straw applied to the steer, and interest on his im-est­ mines?" Alrcncly 2,000 emDloyecs in the Department of Agri- ment. 6702 CON GRESSION .._!\L RECORD-HOUSE. ~IA~ 17,

I recomnwncl careful reading of recent hearings before the ferrecl to 1\Ir. Hoovei·, wllo, in turn, informed the commlssion Senate anu I rouse committees and of farm journals. The 'Val­ that the Department of Agriculture was actively ·handling the lace Farmer prints an article in its edition of February 22, que tion of farm implements, and, to avoid duplication of effort, 1918, beaded " Playing square with the farmer." It also quotes l\1r. Hockaday's letter had been ·sent to the Department of Agri­ fi·om statements made to the Senate committee, as follows: culture. The department, through Arnold P. Yerkes, assistant

~·~E TROUBLES OF THE STOCK FEEDER. agriculturist, courteously acknowledged receipt, stating that Mr. Hockaday's letter had been referred to it for reply, anu tlmt the Patriotism alone keeps the live-stock producers of the country in the business to-day. and they can not cx1st much longer on pa.triotlsm question of prices for farm machinery is one over which the de­ whiJe operatin~ tbeil· business at a loss. partment has no jm·isdiction whatever. The live-stock situation was ne>er so serious as it is to-day. To-day there is only an U\"crage amount of ll>e stock in the country, in the In Yiew of the fact that under the license provision of the face of abnormal consumption, serious transportation conditions, in­ food-control act power was given to fix prices on farm machinery .creased raw-material cost, and insufficient live-stock prices. same as was g~ven to fix prices on farm products, ancl _the fui·~ Seventy-fi>e per cent of the live stock in the corn belt to-day is un­ marketable because of Jack of transportation, and this results in ::t ther fact that the power has been exercised by one branch of waste of 50 per cent in foodstuffs and a loss to the producers of $2 the GoYernment as to farm products, I am at a loss to know why per hundredweight on their product. it was not exercised by another branch of om· Go\crnment as to The live-stock producers face further sacrifices when transportation the trust-made article. opens, for the packers 'Will then lower the price because of increasing live-stock receipts. Retail pt·lces will not be lowered, and the breeder In- addition to the burdens placed upon the farmer by the will have to stand the loss. For beef cattle to-day the average price Implement Trust, o"·ing to the high compensation guaranteell at Chicago is $12 per hundredweight, and the producer should get at )east $2 more to get any encouragement to continue production. railroad companies, evidently an increase of transportation rate On bogs, although the Government has sought to regulate the price, will have to be added. Of all the legislation ever enacted it the producers are not making any money. The minimum price fixed seems ~o me to be one of the most unreasonable and unjustifiable. by the Food .Administration of $15.50 per hundredweight for packers' droves is inadequate with corn at $1.50 n bushel. Corn should be not I quote from an article by Clifford Thorne, formerly chair­ more than $1 a bushel for the producer to make any money at the man of the State Railway Commission of Iowa. In the Ann~ls $15.50 figure. of the American Academy l\lr. Thorne states: The breeding situation this spring is threatening to be short in the face of n constnntl:v increasing demand. . Summarizing the situation, it may be stated tll::tt the railroad bill now I am sorry to sa:v it, but the Govemment is losing the confide!lce of pending before Congress proposes the following guaranties made on the farme•·s. The farmet·s feel that they ought to have some yo1ce, at behalf of the Government of the Uniteu States: (1) To retum the prop­ least, in at·ranging their own business and th.e fixing of all the big ertiP.s at the <'Dd of the period of Government control in as good condi­ problems that enter into their own business. . tion Ds that at the ti'lle they we1·e taken over ; (2) to loan tho railroad There is a gt·owing feeling of discontent lack of confidence, and . ap­ all tho money necessary for betterments and improvements, probably prehension for the future among live-stock producers of the country. at the rate on Go>ernment bonds; (3) to shield the large prosperous It threatens ~really decreased production, which would be a national railroad systems from all future increases in the cost of labor and sup· disaster. Lal.>or is protected by the Government; the packer is pro­ p1les while the war lasts; ( 4) to protect these larger railroaus from all tected : steel producers, sugar, copper, flour, and other producers are financial hazards of the wat• which will threaten the very life of manv rotected in liberal profits, and it is essential that something be done industries ancl possibly wreck many railroads that will not be j'n•anteu En this crisis for the ll\"e-stock producers of the country. We do not a Government guaranty; (5) and to guarantee the larget• railroads, ask for war profits. but we must get some profits. The liYe-stock annual~y sums that. Fill be sufficient to pay all their operating expenses, producers can exist no longer on patriotism. · taxes, mterest, ulnaends, and surplus equal to that which they have earnell during the y£>ars 191u, to 1917, inclusi>c, the most prosperous Another unfortunate feature about the food situation is the threc-yem· period in their entire history. apparent discrimination against the farmer in fixing and depress­ It is also proposed, as stated by the author of the major portion of ing of prices· on the products which the farmer has to sell and the bill, that the shippers, who will have their own burden to carry a failure to do so on the articles which he must buy. That the during this perilous time, will be expected to make up any deficit of the Government in the guaranty made to the milroads. power lodged in the Food Administration and in the Department We can snuff out the life of our boys in the trenches. We can wreck of Agriculture to buy and to fix prices has been taken advan­ many inllustrie . We can blast the business of the short line, the poor tage of to lower prices on cattle, hog , and wheat to the farmer, road. But when it comes to these rich, powerful. corporations, the big companies, the great railroads, we heroical1y announce that we nrc while no action has been taken to regulate or reduce the price going to protect them from the effects of the war. And we do all this on tools, utensils, implements, machinery, and equipment re­ in the name of patriotism. quired for the actual production of foods and feed, notwith­ To the Burlington Railroad we say: "You now ha\e a stock paying n. regular divillenfl of 8 per cent. While the war lasts please accept standing authority w&s granted the same to one as to the other. this 22 per cent Goyernment bond in lieu of that railroad stock. We AJ3 a result, the farmer is compelled to sell his hogs, cattle, and not only guarantee you thls 22 per cent annually on your stock hut wheat at a much lower price than if unhampered by the pooling we guarantee to return the prinCipal in full in thls manner : .Afte~ the and buying and price fixing. Not only that, but the farmer and war is oyer we solemnly guarantee to give bacl~: your property In just as good a condition as we take it. This has all the essential element of consumer as well are in many instances paying more thnn 100 a 22 per cent Government bond. While the war lasts the Government per cent increase over prewar prices. The farmer and the con­ guarantees the annual payment on the stock, and at the end of the sumer pay the price fixed by the trust maker and the pl'ice war the Government gu:uantees to return the property in ful1. llere you haYe the payment of the principal and the interest. Not onlv do boomer. we g-uarantee to the Burlington annually that 22 per cent on its capital The only explanation that can be given is that the Foocl Ad­ Rtock, bnt we also guarantee, with all the wealth and resources of the ministrator has exercised his power, while the Department of United States Government back of the pledge, that we shall pay all interest charges on all its funded and unfunded debt, mnintain its Agriculture, to whom was delegated the power to execute the properties, adequately and efficiently, and present to the Burlington law as to farm implements, fuel, including fuel oil and· natural Railroac.l an absolute Go>ernment credit. enabling the company to bor­ gas, has questioned the power and has remained inactive in row all the money it may need. We tell the Burlington Railroad to go ahead, rehabilitate and impro>e its property out of the rublic Treasury, the matter. while many other industries are bPing prostrated-and then, don't for­ I hold in my hanu u letter written by Ed. Hockaday, of King­ get to take that little check annually for 22 per cent. We do all this fisher, Okla., stating that the letter sent to me was sent to each in the name of patriotism. It has been suggested that the payment of these large earnings to Congressman of the 12 principal wheat-growing States. He the rnilroads i neces ary to facilitate the sale of Go\"ernment bonds. states that he is one of the largest dealers of the West in the lfow will it help the sail' of 4 and 4~ per cent Government bonds t o implement line; that he has 12 stores, and alleges that an aver­ giye a Go\·ernment g-uar!lnty to railroad stocks amounting to 10 pet• cent annuaJly? It is nxiomatlc that the highPr you make the prc­ age udvance in grain-raising machinery and other fnrm imple­ Yailing rate on other securities, the mnre difficult will 1t be to sell ments of more than 100 per cent has occurred, witlwut justifica­ Gonrnment bonds at a lower rate. Where is there any reason for tion of more than one-thiru of that admnce; that nll big concorns thinking a guaranty of 10 per cent instead of G or 7 per cent on rail­ road. tocks will facilitate the ~mle of Government bonds? Why should manufacturing implements are on the same basis nnd have made the stockholder part with the 10 pe1· cent security in order to pnrcbase the same price; that in 1916 they started by putting on n small a H per cent Go>ernment bond? The higher you make the earning · adYance of 10 or 15 per cent; that in 1917 they made seYeral ad­ on railroad secmitles the more difficult will 1t be to persuade the vances, later they put on 25 or 30 per cent, making a total ad­ railroa d stockholuer to part '"ith his security. The logic involved in adYoca tin~ a 10 per cent or 20 per cent return on railroad stock in vance of from 80 to 125 per cent; that the prices of gang plows order to help the ale of 4 or 5 per cent Government bonds is a charmln~ hn.Ye increased from $53 in 1916 to $105 now; tllnt the Harvester e:xhil.Jition of the usual state ·manlike stupidity which goycrns our public aclidtiPs. Trust aunmce effort Commissioner· and considered one of our be t-informetl men to secure relief, first appealed to the Federnl Tracie Commission. upon the subject of transportation rntes. His statement i · The commis .. ion replied, stating that the matter had been re- \Yortby of consideration and credit. 1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6703

Gasoline nseu in farm tractors sells for nearly three times make computati-ons on the average percentage of slaughter and arrive at the problem as best we can as to our available supplies, we have the pl:ice it did a few rears ago. With the Standard Oil attor­ practically but little beef surplus. Theorettcally, on that calculatlon, ne:rs pleading with tear in their eyes against price-fixing legis­ we can show that there ~s in the six months 100,000,000 pounds ot lation anti regulations, so that that charitable institution may exportable beet, as against the demand for 450,000,000 pound . That is the l>est pos1tion that we can arrive at~ So that if we are to ~P fix its own prices, the prospects are that gasoline will go still this quantity of beef to the a.llle.s we have to save from our consmnp­ higher. With results uttninecl, with the unjustifiable mix-up, tion at least 3-50,000,000 twunds. That means that we must save o! and as an hone t anti uniform enforcement of laws are always beef approximately 10 per cent of our consumption. In pork products-we have to consider pork products and the yege­ essential in bringing about results desired. especially so in time table oils as one item, becau~e they have become now absolutely inter­ of war, it seems necessary to now suggest coordination and changeable through the use of lard substitutes. Our supplies of these cooperation in our 'arious departments in order to secure an commodities can therefore be blocked together, becau e if we run short 011 pork products we can substitute exports of vegetable-oil compounds, adequate supply of food to maintain th,e confidence of the people or if the pork products increase w2 can diminish •egetable-oil e~'"{lorts. ann­ in sequence is that the glven ship has aoout one-thil'd the carrying these fats would be avrulable large proportion for edible and indus­ efficiency in going into the East as it has coming to the United States ; trial u es _and would be practically a natii>nal saving. and shlpping, as you know, ha.s reached such a degree of restriction Further on Mr. Hoover calls attention to the waste in the that it is hopeless to carry the American Army, if we are going to devote such an amount of tonnage to the East as would be implied by handling of potatoes; in the return of stale brea

Hoo•er's statement ~ i1ere ca11 be no question as to the m·gent Nation, a~ eyery other nation, ha · unpatriotic, unworthy, and need of increased vroduetion of fooll an\'e 1lwt om· people, gen­ mutter. Bvidently we can not expedite the. triumphant ter­ erally speaking, are patriotic, uutumlly so. In om· Nation's prog­ mination of this ''"ar by permitting profiteering indulged in by ress in ciyilization, colonization, and Chrlstianization, . Uncle rnnn3·, by providing for unnecessarJ· berths in the public crib Sam pas held out his llnnds and llas rcccive they belgng to a class often questioned country's growth and greatness, in the fact that we nre living in as such? True, a number of sons given to the serYice, or the this age of marvelous expansion, and that we have been moving number of dollars subscribed for liberty-loan bonds or in sup­ for\\ard at such a mighty pace that all feel, no matter '\Yhat their port of the Y. M. C. A. or the lled Cross, is not an absolute political affiliation, creed, occupation, or prejudice may 1Je, to measure of patriotism; it is not the amount, it is the spirit and strive to benefit and uphold our Government, to protect the weak, ability to give-no; the mite gin~n by the poor widow ex­ to relie\e the distressed, to· uplift humanity, to promote and per­ pre ses as much patriotism as a thousand given by the rich. petuate true greatness, to give honest and thoughtful considera­ It is not everyone who bas fiye sons and a daughter to give: I tion in securing the full benefit of our national re ources for th have only one. He is in; he got in early, volunteering as a pri­ development of mechanical appliances, the skill and geniu of vate. He is, I am sure, doing as every American father and American labor, to see to it that nobody is imposed upon-that mother would want their boy to do-throwing his mind, each and all are given adequate protection against imposition strength, heart, aud soul into his action for the cause. Others or invasion on the part of unscrupulous and dishonest intere ts have no sons or money to give, but they have sympathetic hearts in order that this conflict which we are engageu in may 1Je and prayers to offer. All come in under the same spirit and are brought to_ a speedy and triumphant conclusion-that we may entitled to full membership. On the other hand, there are those have the fullest development of every worthy and legit~mate en­ '\'\"'ho have money and sons who give neither money, blood, nor terprise. sympathy, and those who content them ·elYes by boasting of Now, Mr. Chuit·mnn, I resen-e the balance of my time. [Ap­ theie patriotism and in arrogating to themselves a corner on plause.] loyalty. It is unnecessary to say that they are uot entitled to Mr. HAUGEN. 1\!r. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to the same consideration as those who make sacrifices. In saying revise and extenu my remarks. that, or anythi! ~ that I may say, it is, of course, understood The CHAIRMAN. Tbe gentlemun from Iowa n ks unani­ that no retlec·i · is upon any 1\!ember of this or any other mous consent to revise and exten

for the farmer ~ at nll time:-::. \Yllcn he pl'ornin I11alle the complaint hel'e that thi uill carries a great deal of this great !Jill he IJrou;;ht forth a measure ibnt e\~ery man who cost with it when "-e are engaged in a great war, and that lre is a friend of the fnrmers of this country should support in need e-rery dollar for the war. I just want him to stop and. con­ peace times and still more in \Y:u· times. sider for one minute. \Vhat is this little sum of $11,000,000 to The gentleman from Kansas [l\lr. CA.MPBELT.] saw fit to stamp hand out to the greatest class of producers in the world- the on this measure, anti I was surprlsetl to hear the gentleman farmers of America-to carry on theit· farming operations prop­ from Iowa [l\ir. HxvGEN] cuss it out and talk about the great erly to produce bread and meat for the soldiers to carry in number of people who w·ould haYe jobs under it. In other wonls, their stomachs, in order to fight for our liberties, to fight your he just smeared all oYer this measure, and then contented him­ battles and my battles and the Kation's battles while we stay here self with saying," It has some good features in it." at home? Yet he complains of the great cost v;-hen the com­ I wish gentlemen could rise above this little petty itle..'t about mittee that I am a member of has a bill before it carrying somebody getting a job. The gentleman from l\,Ussissippi who $12,000,000,000 for the Army. .Xes; $11,000,000 is a small sum brought in this bill knew that there would have to ue men and to de\ote to this great purpose of agriculture in assisting to women employed to cany on this great worlL Busy hands carry on and ·win this war. are needed just as they are needed '"hen a farmer goes out anLi. l\1r. LAZAllO. The gentleman has said that the soldiers need clears up lnnd and puts se\ernl hundred acres under cultivation. to ha\e something in their stomachs. He must haye the proper number of hands to cultivate that land Mr. QUIN. You can not \\in a battle on an empty stomach. anerage profit which persons engaged in the same business and place obtained addition to the e:s:teusion work of the live-stock business. While prior to July 1, 1914, under free cOmJ?etiti>e conditions ; to indicate, this war i on we can not be too careful to safeguard the grow­ if he shall see fit to do so, what margm over cost will return such a ing of hog ~ , cattle, beep, and goats. We can not be too careful just, reasonable, and fair profit ; and to take such legal steps as are authorized by said act to prohibit the taking of any greater profit. either of th growing of horses and mules, because they are · "WOODROW "WILSO~. 11eedeeomJc endation from tlle administration or n-ot? V:IC~S of _the arne date here, because the evening new papers Mr. LEVER. Tll:at is true. I cuu makE? that assuran<'e to the gentleman. did not carry any such adverti ements upon that date. l\Iay 3. Mr. You.TG of North Dakota. I thank the gentleman. The meat-market people do little advertising here, evidently Mr. Ohairman, I do uot ,_ee on the floor just now the ~entletll!l.ll! because they are ashamed of their prices. I have looked who made this \Cry important pledge [l\lr. LE\1.~]. I mtve great through e\eral co!.)ies of the Times, Star, and Post without faith in him an(I wa · going to a k him what progress had beeu findin-g any. But the gentleman lives here, and he knows what ma~e with hi bill 'Ihe peopl~ of ~he ~1·~ coun.t~ are "·aiting we m11 :t pay for meats: Ham,. 40 to 60 cents per pound; boiling an...-uously fot· Congress to a. ·t 1?" thiS d1rectwrr. It ntn.lly affects beef, 3

Now, whEill; thiS matter was up befm·e the C'O~m.~tee a~ter :Mr. papers of l\Iay 31 I fomul the following in one of the city papers: Brand,. the direc-tor, hact gone, I ask~ for so~e mfm·matwn, bu.t M.UtKET Anmr oP ~ CA sEs NO cuT r. PRICE. no one seemetl to have any accurate mfmmatwn as to what was While the suppl.v of poultry on the wholesale mru·ket this morning clone at the different places where this service was estnblished. looked ·large, and thou&h supp.lles of spring >egetables coming from the l was anxious to know what had been aCCOTYTnli hed at St Paul outhern gardens ar~ mcreasmg, pdces to-day show but few changes ~.l' T .. • • from tho e or. carty m the week. A few days afterwards Gen. A. P. Perure, of North Dakota. In the poultry market in pite of the raising a week ahead of t i me called at my office, and in conversation we got into. this question of the embargo on the safe of hens. t~e ooming of the hen on the market of p;rice- fi:riD" and from that into proftteerinrr and he happenro has caused ~ut little lowe~ng 1D .PriCe. on anything but roosters, anti • c~ "'' . . they are sellmg hJ~h. Th1 mornrng WlDter chickens advanced 3 ccuts to mention that St. Paul -was the cheap.est. market m the Uruted on th~ le desirable grades and 2 cents on choice. and are selling to· tntes, in his judgment.. Then I happened to remember that in day at 68 to 70 cents. the bill which we passed over a year ago provi.sion was made for But let us look again at the St. Paul pi·ices. The St. Paul this market ne\\S ernce in St. PnuJ. Provision Co. quotes· bacon at 28 cents a pound, pork shoulder 'Vhether it is on account of that particular sen·ice or for roast at 1!l cents a pound. choice veal r·oast at 16 cent a pound. some other reason I do not know, but it is undoubtedly true tllat If any of you gentlemen can buy anywhere in Washington any the market for meat in St. Paul is vel'y mtic.h lower than it is of these articles for twice the money that I ha'"e mentioned I 11ere in Washington, so much lower that it can not be accounted would like to have you stand up. Here is another adverti~· for upon the ground of freight rates or any one of tile usual men.t of the People's :JUru·ket. They quote sug:1r-cured picnic excuses given for profiteering. ham at 2l cents a pound, Cormell's midget bacon at 27 cents I sent for a copy of the St. Paul Dispatch when I expected a pounu, fresh pig li'"er at 5 cents a pound. When Mrs. Young this bill to come up early this month. At th t time the current was in the market yeate1·day she noticed that the butcher was issue of the market edition was of May 3. Here in an am-er- taking off every ounce of meat from what they used to call the tisement of Schoch's I find these prices. They will be startling soup bone, scraped it bare; nnd not only that, but took tile to the men in Washington who buy meat. Boiling beef, 17 Dlli.ITOW out o.f the inside of it, and then sold it as a soup- bone, cents a pound; rib roast, 22 centS' a pound; pork butts, 25 cents and as near us I can recollect, at about the price at whlch they a pound; pork teakl 27 cents a. p(lund; picnic hrun, 23 cents n are selling these cheaper real meats .up in St. Paul. These pound; corned beef, 18 cents a pound; anout $18,000,000, increasing the number of employees of the Government about 11,000, wl10 '""'ill haYe noth­ Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, ing much to uo except to run campaigns between now and the Mr. UAYBURN, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign en1l of the next election 11eriod, I tllink tilat we uught to ha\e Commerce, to which was referred the bill (S. 4482) to amend n lnrger attendance to listen to the statements that are being an act entitled "An act to authorize the establishment of a Bu­ mn1l' with respect to the yalue of the measure. There are only reau of 'Var-Risk Insurance in the Treasury Department," np­ al>ont 12 Members present out of the 435, anu \Yith this Yast proYed September 2, 1914, as amended, reported the same with e::qwnlliture of money we should haYe a quorum. I make the amendment, accompanied by n report (No. G76), which said point of order that tllere is no quorum present. bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole Mr. CANDLEU of l\lissi sippi. Mr. Chairman, I hope the gen­ House on the state of the Union. tlemnn will not insist upon it, but I want to say that there are many more Members vresent than the gentleman counteill (H. R. 12176) granting an increase of pension to 1 . .A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, trans­ Martha Hallman; to the Committee on Iu\aliu Pensions. mitting copy of n communication from the Secretary of State submitting an e timate of appropr.i;ltion for the serYice of the remainder of tlle fiscal rear and for the fiscal year ending .June PETITIONS, ETC. 30, 1919 (H. Doc. N'o. H10) ; to the Committee on .Appro}wia­ Umler clnuse 1 .of Rule XXII, petitions aud pnpers were laid tions aml ordered to be printed. on the Clerk's desk and referretl as follow.:;: 2. A letter from the .Actin~ Secretary of the Treasury, trans­ By tlw SPEAKER (b~v request) : Hesolution of the ChnmbE:'l" mitting copy of n communication from the Unitetl States Food of Commerce of the Unite

".Also ·(by 1·equest), petition of the _cn.binet ·of· the Young SENATE. 1-Vomen's Christian Association of Central Wesleyuu College, \Varrenton, l\lo., asking for war prohibition; rto the Committee on SATURDAY, llfay 18, 1918. the J..udicia:ry. .Also (by request), resolution of the Geornia Society of the (Legislati ·~:e day oj.li'1·iaay, May ti, 1918.) District o"f Columbia, urging tll~ immediate submission of the The 3enate met at "12 o'clock noon. suffrage ..amenbury Trammell ing; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Mairs. Frelinghuyse.n Lenroot Sheppard Vardaman By .1\!r. GOULD: Petiti-on -of Congregational Church, West Gronna McKPllar Simmons Watson Guion McNary Smith, -Ga. Bloomfield, and of the Fairhaven Women's Christian Temper.. Hardwick Martin Smith, Md. nnce Union, Sterling, nll in the State of New York, favoring war-time prohibition; to the Committee on the Juurn Woman's Christian Temi~crnnce Union, urging war pl'ohibition; to the Committee on the Judi­ A message from the House of Representatives, by D. K. HemP­ ciary. stead, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House a~rees to Also. petition of Applegate \Vednesday Club. urging repeal of the report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing zone system; to t11e Committee on Ways and Means. votes of the two Houses on the nmendments of the SenatE.> to the bill (H. R. 8696) making appropriations for the current nnd Also, memorial of Los Angeles County Medical Society, urging contingent expenses of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, for ful­ erection and maintenance of a national medical museum; to filling treaty stipulations with various Indian tribe , and for the Committee on Appropriations. other purposes, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1"919 . .Also, petition of Auburn 'Voman's Christian Temperance The message also announced that thE' House had pru sed a bill Union, urging prohibition as war measure; to the Committee on (H. H.. 9864) to amend section 111 of the Judicial Code in re~ the Judiciary. spect to the western district of Virginia, in which it requested 1\Ir. Mr. SCHALL: Petition of 147 citizens of Howar.d Lake, tne concunence of the Senate. Miun., for enactment of war prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. _ PETITIONS. By 1\lr. SNELL: Petition of adult class, Methodist Episcopal l\Ir. NELSON presented a petition of the Grund Chapter, Sunday School, Massena, N. Y., for the pas age of a bill to Order of the Eastern Star, of Minneapolis, 1\Iinn .. praying for effectively J>rohibit the use of any kind of foodstuffs during the national prohibition as a war measure, which was ordered to lie war for the manufacture of intoxicating beverages nnd to limit on the table. liquors on h-and to nonbeve1·age uses; to the Committee on .the 1\Ir. JONES of Washington pre euted resolutions adopted by Judiciary. the Central Labor -council of Tacoma, Wash., favoring the lly 1\Ir. &'lYDER: Petition of the Methodist Congregation of enactment of legislntion to provide reeducation and rehabilita­ Ava, N. Y., favoring war prohibition; to the Committee on the tion of crippled soldiers and sailors, etc., which were referred Judiciary. to the Committee on Education and Lahor. Also, petition of the Fortnightly Club, of Remsen, N. Y., pro· BILLS L~TRODUCED. te'ting against the proposed rates of postage on certain classes Bills were introduced, Tend the first time, and, by unanimous of mail matter; to tl1e Committee on tl1e Post Office and Post con~ent, the second time, and referred as follows: Roads. By :Mr. KEI.LOGG: lly l\Ir. SWIFT : Letter from i:he Twenty-second Assembly Dis­ A bill ( S. 4554) for the s..