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Uppföljning Av Projekt Haparandabanans Vattenanknutna Åtaganden, Naturmiljöeffekter Och Miljömål

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Uppföljning Av Projekt Haparandabanans Vattenanknutna Åtaganden, Naturmiljöeffekter Och Miljömål Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 227 Uppföljning av projekt Haparandabanans vattenanknutna åtaganden, naturmiljöeffekter och miljömål Follow-up of the Haparanda Line Project’s water-related commitments, effects on the natural environment and environmental goals Hanna Östrén i Copyright © Hanna Östrén och Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Luft- vatten- och landskaps- lära, Uppsala universitet. Tryckt hos Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Geotryckeriet, Uppsala universitet, Uppsala, 2011 ii REFERAT Uppföljning av projekt Haparandabanans vattenanknutna åtaganden, naturmiljöeffekter och miljömål Hanna Östrén Haparandabanan, den järnväg för godstrafik som går mellan Boden och Haparanda, byggdes för närmare 100 år sedan och stora delar av järnvägssträckan är i dåligt skick. För att klara morgon- dagens ökande transportbehov rustas den befintliga järnvägen mellan Boden och Kalix upp samt byggs en helt ny järnväg mellan Kalix och Haparanda. Projekt Haparandabanan har i järnvägsplaner, tillståndsansökningar om vattenverksamhet och anmälningsärenden gällande uppläggning av inert avfall utlovat att vidta en mängd åtgärder och försiktighetsmått. För att dessa åtaganden inte ska förbises och eventuellt orsaka negativa effekter på naturmiljön är det angeläget att följa upp dem. Det övergripande syftet med det här examensarbetet var att följa upp åtgärder och försiktighets- mått som projekt Haparandabanan åtagit sig att vidta och som kan påverka järnvägsområdets yt- och grundvatten. Exempel på åtgärder är att trummor ska läggas genom järnvägsbanken vid passage av våtmarker för att våtmarkernas hydrologiska funktioner ska upprätthållas, att sulfid- jord ska placeras anaerobt under grundvattenytan och att grumlingsförebyggande åtgärder ska vidtas vid vattendrag med målsättning att finsand ska hinna sedimentera. Två undersyften med examensarbetet var att ta reda på om järnvägsbyggnationen påverkat närområdets yt- och grundvattenkvalitet och att kortfattat och generellt beskriva projektets status vad gäller upp- nåelse av dess vattenrelaterade miljömål. Resultaten visar att projekt Haparandabanan uppfyllt de flesta åtaganden som följts upp under det här examensarbetet men att det funnits en del brister. Mer detaljerat visar resultaten bland annat att projektets utformningar av järnvägsvallens underbyggnad vid passager av våtmarker till viss del ändrats efter järnvägsplanernas fastställelser och att lokalisering av upplag till stor del följt järnvägsplanernas illustrationer. Projektets sulfidjordshantering har inte alltid skett på bästa tänkbara sätt eftersom det funnits brister i nedgrävning och täckning av uppgrävda sulfid- jordar. Kontroll av lakvatten från sulfidjordsupplag har skett regelbundet men referens- provtagningen var i de flesta provtagningspunkter bristfällig vilket lett till att det är svårt att dra konkreta slutsatser om huruvida projektets uppläggning av sulfidjordar orsakat förhöjda sulfathalter eller inte. Vidare visar resultaten att projekterade sedimenteringsanordningar inte alltid uppförts och att de i vissa fall varit undermåliga. Erosionsskydd i form av bergkross och naturgrus har dock i stor utsträckning lagts vid alla vattendrag utefter den nya järnvägslänken. Diagram över turbiditet visar att projektet mest troligt orsakat grumling i mer än hälften av vattendragen. Resultaten visar också att samstämmigheten mellan olika delar av projektets järnvägsplaner bör bli bättre. Ett exempel är att skyddsåtgärder mot kemikalieutsläpp vid järn- vägens passage av tre grundvattenförande isälvsavlagringar utlovades i järnvägsplanernas plan- beskrivningar men inte miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, vilket bidragit till att detaljprojektörer inte projekterat in några skyddsåtgärder. Projektet har uppnått tre av fyra av sina detaljerade miljömål. Nyckelord: uppföljning av MKB, infrastrukturprojekt, miljömål, grumling, turbiditet, sulfidjord, sulfatjord, flödesdimensionering, Haparandabanan, Trafikverket Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, Uppsala universitet, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala iii ABSTRACT Follow-up of the Haparanda Line Project’s water-related commitments, effects on the natural environment and environmental goals Hanna Östrén The Haparanda Line, the railway for freight traffic between Boden and Haparanda in North- eastern Sweden, was built around 100 years ago and much of the railway line is in poor state. To meet tomorrow’s growing transportation needs, the existing railway between Boden and Kalix is being upgraded and a new railway between Kalix and Haparanda is being built. The Haparanda Line Project has indicated, in railway plans, water activity permit applications and notification cases of inert waste storage, that it will implement a variety of precautionary actions and measures. In order to assure that these commitments are not overlooked and possibly cause negative impacts on the natural environment, it is important to follow them up. The overall aim of this master thesis is to follow up the actions and precautions which the Haparanda Line Project is committed to take and that may affect the surface water and ground- water in the railway area. Examples of promised actions are adding culverts through the railway embankment when crossing of wetlands, in order to sustain the wetlands’ hydrological functions, placing sulphide soil under the groundwater table, and implementing actions to prevent increases in turbidity in watercourses, with the goal that fine sand should sediment. Two subobjectives with this master thesis are to find out if the railway construction has affected the local area’s surface water quality and groundwater quality and to briefly describe the project’s status in terms of attainment of its water-related environmental goals. The results show that the Haparanda Line Project has fulfilled most commitments that were investigated in this master thesis, but that there have been some shortcomings. In more detail, the results show, among other things, that the project’s design of the railway embankment in wetlands deviated to some extent from the railway plans and that the localization of heaps largely followed the railway plan’s illustrations. The project’s sulphide soil management has not always been good because there have been shortcomings in burial and coverage of exhumed sulphide soils. Control of leachate from sulphide soil heaps has occurred regularly, but there were flaws in providing reference samples in the majority of sampling points. It was therefore, difficult to determine if the project management of sulphide soils caused elevated sulfate levels or not. Furthermore, the results show that planned sedimentation devices have not always been built and that they in some cases have been poorly installed. Erosion protection in the form of crushed rock has yet been used in most watercourses along the new railway. Graphs showing turbidity show that the project most likely caused turbidity changes in more than half of the watercourses. The results also indicate that coherence between different parts of the project’s railway plans should be improved. An example of non-coherence is that protective actions against chemical spills at the crossing of three water-bearing glaciofluvial deposits were promised in the project’s railway plans but not in their environmental impact assessments. This has contributed to that no protective actions were planned. The project has achieved three of four of its detailed environmental goals. Key words: EIA follow-up, infrastructure project, environmental goal, turbidity, sulphide soil, sulphate soil, flow design, The Haparanda Line, The Swedish Transport Administration Department of Earth Sciences, Program for Air, Water and Landscape Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala iv FÖRORD Detta examensarbete omfattar 30 högskolepoäng och är det avslutande momentet inom naturvetarprogrammet geovetenskap med inriktning mot hydrologi vid Uppsala universitet. Arbetet initierades av och utfördes på Trafikverket Region Nord i Luleå från juli år 2010 till april år 2011. Ämnesgranskare för arbetet var Roger Herbert, docent vid institutionen för geo- vetenskaper, Uppsala universitet och handledare var Annelie Mattson-Djos, miljöhandläggare på Trafikverket Region Nord. Examinator var Allan Rodhe, professor i hydrologi vid institutionen för geovetenskaper, Uppsala universitet. Jag vill i första hand rikta ett stort tack till min ämnesgranskare respektive handledare Roger Herbert och Annelie Mattson-Djos som väglett mig under de här månaderna och i andra hand till Gunnel Nilsson, Carin Forsberg, Peter Nilsson, Kristoffer Barrelöv, Håkan Ekström och Marcus Tjäder vid Trafikverket i Luleå, Stefan Johansson på Tyréns, Lorens Wikström på Ramböll Sverige AB och Michael Hopgood och Johnny Sjödin på Mark Radon Miljö (MRM) för era värde- fulla bidrag till mitt examensarbete. Jag vill också tacka alla andra medarbetare inom projekt Haparandabanan som har fått mig att trivas bra under den gångna perioden. Slutligen vill jag tacka min familj i Piteå för mat, trevligt sällskap och värme, trots en ovanligt kylig vinter. Uppsala, maj 2011 v INNEHÅLL 1 INLEDNING ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 SYFTEN .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 AVGRÄNSNINGAR ...............................................................................................................................................
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