Archi Language Tutorial
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A Crosslinguistic Approach to Double Nominative and Biabsolutive Constructions
A Crosslinguistic Approach to Double Nominative and Biabsolutive Constructions: Evidence from Korean and Daghestanian∗ Andrei Antonenko1 and Jisung Sun2 Stony Brook University1,2 1. Introduction Distribution of case among distinct grammatical relations is one of the most frequently studied topics in the syntactic theory. Canonical cases are, in accusative languages, subjects of both intransitive and transitive verbs being nominative, while direct objects of transitive verbs are usually marked accusative. In ergative languages, subjects of intransitive verbs share properties with direct objects of transitive verbs, and are marked absolutive. Subjects of transitive verbs are usually ergative. When you look into world languages, however, there are ‘non-canonical’ case patterns too. Probably the most extreme kind of non-canonical case system would be so-called Quirky Subject constructions in Icelandic (see Sigurðsson 2002). This paper concerns constructions, in which two nominals are identically case-marked in a clause, as observed in Korean and Daghestanian languages. Daghestanian languages belong to Nakh-Daghestanian branch of North Caucasian family. Nakh-Daghestanian languages are informally divided into Nakh languages, such as Chechen and Ingush, spoken in Chechnya and the Republic of Ingushetia, respectively; and Daghestanian languages, spoken in the Republic of Daghestan. Those regions are located in the Caucasian part of Russian Federation. Some Daghestanian languages are also spoken in Azerbaijan and Georgia. This study focuses on Daghestanian languages, such as Archi, Avar, Dargwa, Hinuq, Khwarshi, Lak and Tsez, due to similar behaviors of them with respect to the described phenomenon. 2. Ergativity in Daghestanian Aldridge (2004) proposes that there are two types of syntactically ergative languages, based on which argument is performing functions typical for subjects. -
A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary
S. L. Nikolayev S. A. Starostin A NORTH CAUCASIAN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY Edited by S. A. Starostin ***************** ****************ASTERISK PUBLISHERS * Moscow * 1994 The two volumes contain a systematic reconstruction of the phonology and vocabulary of Proto-North-Caucasian - the ancestor of numerous modern languages of the Northern Caucasus, as well as of some extinct languages of ancient Anatolia. Created by two leading Russian specialists in linguistic prehistory, the book will be valuable for all specialists in comparative linguistics and history of ancient Near East and Europe. © S. L. Nikolayev, S. A. Starostin 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor' s foreword. , . Preface List of abbreviations Literature I ntr oduct ion Dictionary ? . 200 9 . 236 5 . , . ..............242 a' i ... ' 252 a ............. 275 b ...... 285 c 322 c 3 3 L t ^39 C 352 £ 376 : 381 d 397 e 409 4 2 5 Y 474 B 477 h 48 5 h 5 00 h 5 0 3 H 342 i 625 i 669 j '. 6 7 3 k. 68 7 fc 715 I 7 4 2 1 : .... 7 5 4 X. ! 7 5 8 X ; 766 X 7 7 3 L 7 86 t. ' 7 87 n 844 o. 859 p. 865 p. 878 q . 882 q 907 r. ..... 943 s... i 958 s. 973 S. 980 t . 990 t 995 ft. ...... 1009 u 1010 u 1013 V 1016 w. 1039 x 1060 X. ........ 1067 z. ... 1084 z 1086 2. 1089 3 1 090 3 1101 5 1105 I ndices. 1111 5 EDITOR'S FOREWORD This dictionary has a long history. The idea of composing it was already ripe in 1979, and the basic cardfiles were composed in 1980-1983, during long winter months of our collaboration with S. -
Stress Chapter
Word stress in the languages of the Caucasus1 Lena Borise 1. Introduction Languages of the Caucasus exhibit impressive diversity when it comes to word stress. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the stress systems in North-West Caucasian (henceforth NWC), Nakh-Dagestanian (ND), and Kartvelian languages, as well as the larger Indo-European (IE) languages of the area, Ossetic and (Eastern) Armenian. For most of these languages, stress facts have only been partially described and analyzed, which raises the question about whether the available data can be used in more theoretically-oriented studies; cf. de Lacy (2014). Instrumental studies are not numerous either. Therefore, the current chapter relies mainly on impressionistic observations, and reflects the state of the art in the study of stress in these languages: there are still more questions than answers. The hope is that the present summary of the existing research can serve as a starting point for future investigations. This chapter is structured as follows. Section 2 describes languages that have free stress placement – i.e., languages in which stress placement is not predicted by phonological or morphological factors. Section 3 describes languages with fixed stress. These categories are not mutually exclusive, however. The classification of stress systems is best thought of as a continuum, with fixed stress and free stress languages as the two extremes, and most languages falling in the space between them. Many languages with fixed stress allow for exceptions based on certain phonological and/or morphological factors, so that often no firm line can be drawn between, e.g., languages with fixed stress that contain numerous morphologically conditioned exceptions (cf. -
Archi Language Tutorial Powerpoint
LAGB 2008 ARCHI LANGUAGE TUTORIAL Marina Chumakina Greville G. Corbett Dunstan Brown Surrey Morphology Group The support of ELDP and of the ESRC is gratefully acknowledged. INTRODUCTION • Archi: special language • a special place • previous research • a special dictionary • the Workshop 2 3 4 Korjakov (2006 : map 10) 5 East Caucasian (=Northeast Caucasian, =Nakh-Daghestanian) Nakh Avar Andic Tsezic Lak Dargi Lezgic Khinalugh Chechen-Ingush Avar Akhvakh Bezhta Lak Dargi Archi Khinalugh Chechen Andi Hinuq Nuclear Lezgic Ingush Bagwalal Hunzib Aghul Tsova-Tush (=Batsbi) Botlikh Khvarshi Budukh Chamalal Tsez(=Dido) Kryz Godoberi Lezgian Karata Rutul Tindi Tabassaran Tsakhur Udi Sources: Ethnologue, Comrie (2008) 9 recent surveys of Daghestanian languages • van den Berg (2005) • Comrie (2008) 10 Archi phonology outline 1. Vowels 2. Consonants: • primary articulation (manner and place) • secondary articulation (ejectiveness, labialisation, fortis / lenis distinction) • pharyngealisation: secondary articulation or prosody? 11 vowels front central back high i / iː u /uː middle e / eː ǝ o /oː low a / aː (1) ʁiniš ʁiniːš from there from there higher than the speaker higher and way away from the speaker 12 consonants bilabial dental alveolar palatal velar plosive p b t d k g nasal m n trill r fricative s z š ž affricate c č approx w j lateral approx l 13 consonants bilabial dental alveolar palatal velar uvular pharyngeal laryngeal plosive p bt d k g q ʕ ʔ nasal m n trill r fricative s z š ž χ ʁ ħ h affricate c č approx w j lateral l approx 14 consonants -
Linguistic Homoplasy and Phylogeny Reconstruction. the Cases of Lezgian and Tsezic Languages (North Caucasus)
Alexei Kassian (Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) [email protected], 21 October, 2014 Linguistic homoplasy and phylogeny reconstruction. The cases of Lezgian and Tsezic languages (North Caucasus) The paper deals with the problem of linguistic homoplasy (parallel or back developments), how it can be detected, what kinds of linguistic homoplasy can be distinguished and what kinds are more deleterious for language phylogeny reconstruction. It is proposed that language phylogeny reconstruction should consist of two main stages. Firstly, a consensus tree, based on high-quality input data elaborated with help of the main phylogenetic methods (such as NJ, Bayesian MCMC, MP), and ancestral character states are to be reconstructed that allow us to reveal a certain amount of homoplastic characters. Secondly, after these homoplastic characters are eliminated from the input matrix, the consensus tree is to be compiled again. It is expected that, after homoplastic optimization, individual problem clades can be better resolved and generally the homoplasy-optimized phylogeny should be more robust than the initially reconstructed tree. The proposed procedure is tested on the 110-item Swadesh wordlists of the Lezgian and Tsezic groups. Lezgian and Tsezic results generally support theoretical expectations. The Minimal lateral network method, currently implemented in the LingPy software, is a helpful tool for linguistic homoplasy detection. 1. How to reveal homoplasy ................................................................................................................................. -
Proceedings of the Fourty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 9-11, 2018 Editors Karee Garvin Noah Hermalin Myriam Lapierre Yevgeniy Melguy Tessa Scott Eric Wilbanks Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright ⃝c 2018 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 2377-1666 LCCN: 76-640143 Contents Acknowledgements .........................................................................iii Foreword .................................................................................... v I can believe it: Quantitative evidence for closed-class category knowledge in an English-speaking 20- to 24-month-old child Alandi Bates, Lisa Pearl, & Susan R. Braunwald . 1 Quantitative Comparison for Generative Theories: Embedding Competence Linguistic Theories in Cognitive Architectures and Bayesian Models Adrian Brasoveanu & Jakub Dotlačil . 17 On the Paradox of Changting Hakka Tone Sandhi Luhua Chao ..................................................................................33 The pragmaticalization and synchronic variations of Japanese adverb jitsuwa and English adverb actually Kiyono Fujinaga . 47 Subanon mo- cancels out volitionality: Evidence from paradigms and argument structure Bryn Hauk ...................................................................................61 Two types of preverbal object movement and duration/frequency -
31.05.-ინგლისური-–-SIMPOZIUMI-V-Masalebi-ვებ
The Georgian National Academy of Sciences Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics The Institute of Caucasology at the Faculty of Humanities SHOTA RUSTAVELI NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF GEORGIA V International Symposium of Linguist-Caucasologists (Abstracts and Presentations) The Problems of Parts of Speech in Ibero-Caucasian Languages Dedicated to the 120th Birth Anniversary of Academician Arnold Chikobava Proceedings The project is financed by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (The Grant Project of the Georgian Studies Conference GEC-18-148) Tbilisi 2018 2 Editorial Board: M. Abalaki, R. Abashia, A. Arabuli, N. Ardoteli, L. Azmaiparashvili (Scientific Secretary), Ts. Baramidze, I. Chantladze, M. Chukhua, M. Glonti, G. Gogolashvili, R. Jaiani, N. Jorbenadze, G. Kvaratskhelia, R. Lolua, N. Machavariani, R. Pareulidze, E. Sabanadze, V. Shengelia (Editor-in-chief), M. Sukhishvili, M. Tetradze, T. Vashakidze. © Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics at TSU ISBN 978-9941-13-767-9 3 A. B a b a l i y e v a (Paris), A. R o s t o v t s e v - P o p i e l (Paris) IMMOCAL: A Corpora-Based Approach to the Typology of Verbal Categories This talk introduces IMMOCAL (Eng. Imperfective Modalities in Caucasian Languages, Fr. Modalités imperfectives dans les langues du Caucase), an ongoing multifaceted project supported by the ANR (Fr. L’Agence nationale de recherche), hosted by the Collège de France, Paris, and supervised by Gilles Authier. The project aims to provide a typologically-oriented description of TAME systems in a number of (less sufficiently studied) languages spoken in the Caucasus (including Daghestanian: Tsakhur, Southern Lezgi, Southern Rutul, Kryz, Kaytag Dargi; Kartvelian: all the languages, with a predominant focus on Megrelian; and Indo-European: Eastern Armenian, Muslim Tat, Northern Talyshi), with a special emphasis on the expression of imperfective aspectual semantics. -
Velar Lateral Allophony in Mee (Ekari)
Velar lateral allophony in Mee (Ekari) Peter Staroverov Wayne State University [email protected] Sören E. Tebay Universität Leipzig [email protected] Velar lateral sounds are rare and their acoustics and contextual effects are understud- ied. Positional variants of velar laterals are also rarely reported. This paper documents a previously unknown allophony pattern of the velar lateral in Mee (Trans New Guinea; Indonesia), based on an elicitation study with two speakers and a controlled set of record- ings from one of the speakers. Our main dataset included carrier phrase recordings of Mee words with the velar lateral, representing the diverse set of contexts where the velar lateral occurs. Our acoustic findings suggest that the Mee velar lateral is realized as a laterally released velar stop [gr] before front vowels, and with uvular closure followed by a frica- tive release [–9] before back vowels. In line with this description, we found differences in the second formant of the preceding vowel and the periodicity of the release for the two allophones. We explore the implications of our findings for the typology of velar laterals. 1 Introduction Velar laterals are a rare class of sounds that involve posterior closure and lateral release (Ladefoged, Cochran & Disner 1977, Blevins 1994,FranCois 2010). Relatively little is known about the exact realization of velar laterals, and the existing phonetically detailed descrip- tions mostly pertain to the sounds that pattern as sonorants phonologically (Ladefoged et al. 1977, Steed & Hardie 2004,FranCois 2010). Similarly, the comprehensive overviews of the language sounds in Maddieson (1984) and Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) discuss velar laterals alongside other liquids, not among stops or affricates. -
All Abstracts Kopia2
Caucasus Studies 3 Conference in the fields of Migration – Society – Language 28-30 November 2008 ABSTRACTS Department of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (IMER) Malmoe University, Sweden 2008 Conference announcement The conference brings together researchers in Caucasus studies for a discussion on current developments in the region. How are these dynamics to be understood and explained from political, anthropological, historical, linguistic and cultural perspectives? Papers are organized into thematic sections, such as Armed conflicts and migration, Migration and maintenance of cultural identities, Language contact and migration, Transitional identities, Caucasian diasporas, Caucasus in regional and global politics. We welcome multidiciplinary papers and also encourage presentations of research in progress. The program includes possibilities for poster presentations. The conference is organized by Caucasus Studies at the Department of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (IMER), Malmö University, Sweden, in cooporation with the Center for Caucasus Studies at Øresund University. The conference is supported by Sida (Swedish International Development Agency). Karina Vamling, Associate Prof. Märta-Lisa Magnusson, Associate Prof. 2 Contact details Address: Department of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (IMER) Malmö University S-205 06 Malmö, Sweden Email: [email protected] 3 CONTENT Conference announcement Contact details Section 1: Armed conflicts and conflict resolution Donnacha Ó Beacháin: External Forces in the Abkhazia and South Ossetia conflicts, 8 Kristine Borch Nielsen: Return to Abkhazia – reasons and conditions of the Georgians’ return to Gali district, 9 Merab Chukhua: The Georgian-Russian conflict and the problem of ‘South Ossetia’, 10 Arsen Hakobyan: People’s diplomacy during the Nagorno Karabagh conflict: Exchange and Resettlement (A case of Armenian and Azerbaidjanian settlements exchange), 11 Paul Holtom: Arms transfers to Georgia before, during and after the South Ossetian conflict, 12 R. -
A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary
S. L. Nikolayev S. A. Starostin A NORTH CAUCASIAN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY Edited by S. A. Starostin ***************** ****************ASTERISK PUBLISHERS * Moscow * 1994 The two volumes contain a systematic reconstruction of the phonology and vocabulary of Proto-North-Caucasian - the ancestor of numerous modern languages of the Northern Caucasus, as well as of some extinct languages of ancient Anatolia. Created by two leading Russian specialists in linguistic prehistory, the book will be valuable for all specialists in comparative linguistics and history of ancient Near East and Europe. © S. L. Nikolayev, S. A. Starostin 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor' s foreword. , . Preface List of abbreviations Literature I ntr oduct ion Dictionary ? . 200 9 . 236 5 . , . ..............242 a' i ... ' 252 a ............. 275 b ...... 285 c 322 c 3 3 L t ^39 C 352 £ 376 : 381 d 397 e 409 4 2 5 Y 474 B 477 h 48 5 h 5 00 h 5 0 3 H 342 i 625 i 669 j '. 6 7 3 k. 68 7 fc 715 I 7 4 2 1 : .... 7 5 4 X. ! 7 5 8 X ; 766 X 7 7 3 L 7 86 t. ' 7 87 n 844 o. 859 p. 865 p. 878 q . 882 q 907 r. ..... 943 s... i 958 s. 973 S. 980 t . 990 t 995 ft. ...... 1009 u 1010 u 1013 V 1016 w. 1039 x 1060 X. ........ 1067 z. ... 1084 z 1086 2. 1089 3 1 090 3 1101 5 1105 I ndices. 1111 5 EDITOR'S FOREWORD This dictionary has a long history. The idea of composing it was already ripe in 1979, and the basic cardfiles were composed in 1980-1983, during long winter months of our collaboration with S. -
ED476243.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 476 243 FL 027 657 AUTHOR Matsumura, Kazuto, Ed. TITLE Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia: A Bibliographical Guide. REPORT NO ELPR-Ser-B004 ISSN ISSN-1346-082X PUB DATE 2002-03-00 NOTE 255p.; A publication of Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim (EEPR), a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT). AVAILABLE FROM Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim, Faculty of Informatics, Osaka Gakuin University, 2-36-1 Kishibe Minami, Suita, Osaka 564-8511, Japan. Tel: 81-6-6381-8434, ext. 5058; e-mail: elpr @utc.osaka- gu.ac.jpl; Web site: http://www.elpr.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index_e.html. For full text: http://www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ Russia/bibl/. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Dictionaries; Elementary Secondary Education; Folk Culture; Foreign Countries; Grammar; *Indigenous Populations; *Language Minorities; Minority Groups; Textbooks; Uncommonly Taught Languages IDENTIFIERS *Russia ABSTRACT This publication is a printed version of 54 Web documents as they were at the end of March 2002. It includes selected lists of school textbooks, dictionaries, grammars, grammatical descriptions, and folklore collections in and on 54 indigenous minority languages of Russia, many of which are endangered. The 54 languages are arranged in the alphabetical order of their English denominations used in this publication. Most of the bibliographical data have been compiled from Russian language sources and translated into English by linguists affiliated with the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Science in Moscow. -
Consonant Quantity and Positional Neutralisation Heusler's Law And
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2020 Consonant Quantity and Positional Neutralisation – Heusler’s Law and Winteler’s Law in Zurich German Würth, Kathrin Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-186455 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Würth, Kathrin. Consonant Quantity and Positional Neutralisation – Heusler’s Law and Winteler’s Law in Zurich German. 2020, University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts. Consonant Quantity and Positional Neutralisation Heusler’s Law and Winteler’s Law in Zurich German Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of the University of Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Kathrin Würth Accepted in the spring semester 2019 on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Stephan Schmid and Prof. Dr. Elvira Glaser Zurich, 2020 Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 1. Preliminary remarks on Zurich German ...................................................................... 10 1.1. Linguistic classification ........................................................................................ 10 1.2. Zurich German: sub-varieties and neighbouring dialects ....................................