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Social Analysis Identification of Marginalized Segments of the Society and Underlying Causes of Marginalization in Hariyo Ban II Working Areas Study Report

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Social Analysis Identification of Marginalized Segments of the Society and Underlying Causes of Marginalization in Hariyo Ban II Working Areas Study Report Social Analysis Identification of Marginalized Segments of the Society and Underlying Causes of Marginalization in Hariyo Ban II working Areas Study Report Submitted By: SAAR Paramarsa Sewa, Kathmandu Nepal Submitted To: Care Nepal, Hariyo Ban II Program October 2017 This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID.) The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of SAAR Paramarsa Sewa and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Table of Contents ACRONYM ................................................................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 About the Study ............................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Objectives of the study .................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Scope and limitations ....................................................................................................... 13 2. Analytical Framework and Methodology ............................................................................... 15 2.1 Key issues identified in earlier studies ............................................................................. 15 2.2 Framework for analysis ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Identifying the poor and disadvantaged ............................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Barriers to inclusion ............................................................................................................................ 18 2.2.3 Targeting and domains of interventions ............................................................................................... 21 2.3 Key tools/methods ........................................................................................................... 22 3. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of TAL and CHAL ................................... 26 3.1 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of TAL ................................................ 26 3.2 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of CHAL ............................................. 28 4. Block Level Social Analysis .................................................................................................. 31 4.1 TAL Areas ...................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.1 Social Analysis of Sukla Brahmadev Block ......................................................................................... 31 4.1.2 Social Analysis of Bardiya Kailali Block ............................................................................................. 39 4.1.3 Social Analysis of Banke-Kamdi Block ............................................................................................... 47 4.1.4 Social analysis of Gaighat Block ......................................................................................................... 57 4.1.5 Social Analysis of Chitwan- Barandabhar Block.................................................................................. 64 4.2 CHAL Areas ................................................................................................................... 68 4.2.1 Social Analysis of Sukhaura Block ...................................................................................................... 68 4.2.2 Social Analysis of Jamune-Pokhari Bhanjyang Block .......................................................................... 72 4.2.3 Social Analysis of Kyangdi-Dhorfirdi Block ....................................................................................... 75 4.2.4 Social Analysis of Phusre Khola - Fedikhola Block ............................................................................. 79 4.2.5 Social Analysis of Phewa-Panchase Block........................................................................................... 82 4.2.6 Social Analysis of Marshyangdi Block ................................................................................................ 86 4.2.7 Social Analysis of Daraundi Block ...................................................................................................... 91 4.3 Summary of block specific GESI issues and possible interventions in TAL and CHAL areas ...................................................................................................................................... 95 4.4 Forms of exploitation, dependency and social relations .................................................. 108 4.4.1 Class relations (poor and non-poor) ................................................................................................... 109 4.4.2 Caste relations (Dalits and others) ..................................................................................................... 109 4.4.3 Gender relations (men and women) ................................................................................................... 111 4.4.4 Inter community relations (upper belt and lower belt) ........................................................................ 112 4.5 Key barriers to women inclusion ................................................................................... 113 4.5.1 Changing role and mobility of women ............................................................................................... 113 4.5.2 Time poverty, role of development agencies and membership exclusion ............................................ 115 4.5.3 Vulnerability to climate change effects .............................................................................................. 118 4.5.4 Violence against women, exploitation and women's agency ............................................................... 118 5. Windows of Opportunities specific to GESI outcomes......................................................... 121 5.1 Example of GESI outcomes, key challenges and opportunities ...................................... 121 5.2 Capitalizing opportunities of emerging federal state structure and implementation of the new Constitution ................................................................................................................. 125 6. Recommendations and way forward .................................................................................... 127 6.1 Policy level .................................................................................................................... 127 6.2 Organizational level....................................................................................................... 129 6.3 Operational level ........................................................................................................... 129 6.3.1 Targeting approach ........................................................................................................................... 129 6.3.2 Active targeting of the poor and disadvantaged.................................................................................. 132 6.3.3 Sequence of targeting ........................................................................................................................ 133 6.3.4 Field-level interventions common to all blocks .................................................................................. 134 6.4 Monitoring .................................................................................................................... 136 References .............................................................................................................................. 137 List of Tables Table 1: Poverty Pockets areas of Sukla Bhramadev Block ...................................................... 32 Table 2: Interdependency between different well being categories of households in Sukla Brahmadev block............................................................................................................... 33 Table 3: Condition of women and Dalits in Sukla Brahmadev block ......................................... 37 Table 4: Poverty pockets identified from focused group discussions in Bardiya Kailali Block ... 40 Table 5: Binauna (then Binauna VDC and wards) ..................................................................... 48 Table 6: Fattepur (then Fattepur VDC and wards) ..................................................................... 49 Table 7: Kachanapur (then Kachanapur VDC and wards) .......................................................... 49 Table 8: Baijapur (then Baijapur VDC and wards) .................................................................... 50 Table 9: Mahadevpuri (then Mahadevpuri VDC and wards) ...................................................... 50 Table 10: Kamdi (then Kamdi VDC and wards) ........................................................................ 50 Table 11: Basudevpur (then Basudevpur VDC and wards) ........................................................ 51 Table 12: Vulnerable Settlements and
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