Hedera helix PTIONS O ACTORS vines climbing into trees and along the along and trees into climbing vines up the roots with a shovel to prevent F woody stems with pruners or loppers,and or with pruners stems woody EY Pull and McLeods. with hand or rakes by ground a carpet like up can sometimes be rolled Ivy off-site. hauled or and piled Cut dig Seed longevity not known,Seed not longevity be to reported but viable. quite Shallow root system, but resprouts from cut left in a half-inch) than (typicallyroots more contact with the soil. resprouting. REATMENT T ero- for potential the can increase ivy Removing sion on creek banks and slopes, so have an strategy to in prior place control erosion removal. u u K u u large trees can be killed by ivy climbing into climbing can be ivy killed trees by large canopies.their more Algerian is considered ivy is rapidly it because ivy than English invasive understo- undisturbed forest relatively invading ries. and berries toxic. are leaves The WEED WORKERS’ HANDBOOK WEED WORKERS’ (Hedera canariensis) (Hedera (Hedera helix) (Hedera English ivy spreads primarily by rhizomes, by primarily spreads ivy English Ivy grows as a vine and groundcover for up for groundcover and vine a as grows Ivy ESCRIPTION EPRODUCTION MPACT Ginseng Family (Araliaceae—some botanists now consider now botanists (Araliaceae—some Family Ginseng ofmembers within the classed be properly to this family English ivy ivy English ivy Algerian IVY SPECIES IVY I Ivy vines form dense carpets ofcan cover native vegetation vegetation as well as open that soil. native can deprive groundcover This dense ofplants germi- and reduce and nutrients light ofnation seedbank. even native the Evenually but it can also reproduce from seed. from reproduce can also it but Seeds are produce to tract digestive whose birds by disseminated seed coat.Algerianscarifies the hard is a rel- ivy is,however,reported invader, new atively its is known about so less reproduction.It quantity ofa large a viable have seed and to system. root large R plants, of mature In clusters terminal small, yel- appear lowish-green,and flowers inconspicuous in fall; following the berries appear blue-black spring. D ever- woody are Algerian ivy and English Both moist, in found shady commonly vines green areas. woodland flowering. before 10 years to ivy English alternate, are leaves dark green, leathery. and lobes, 3–5 have usually They veins, white sub- a sticky secrete that and aerial rootlets stance, trunks. tree up climb to ivy enabling of capable plants Older can turn flowering more shrubby, are increasingly that with leaves long. 2–4 inches and measure oval Algerian ivy 3-lobed its by ivy English from is distinguished leaves, stems, reddish to pink flowers. and white family Apiaceae.) family

VINES 58 u Cut and treat vines that are well established or FOLLOW-UP climbing into trees.Make two cuts to remove a Check for resprouts or new seedlings 3–4 times 12- to 16-inch section of the vertical stem.The a year.These are easy to remove by hand.Ifpiles portion of the vine remaining in the tree, are in contact with soil, check for rerooting and without access to the roots,will eventually die. regrowth. To prevent resprouting from the lower portion remaining in the ground, the stump can be INTERESTING FACTS treated with herbicide (some land managers English ivy is native to Europe, was most likely use a 50 percent solution of glyphosate) or cut introduced to the US as an ornamental in colo- out with a Pulaski or shovel. nial times, and has been used to control soil erosion. Algerian ivy, as its name suggests, is DISPOSAL native to northern Africa and southwest Pulled ivy roots left in contact with soil may Europe. English ivy has been used since the reroot. Piles may be left to decompose on a tarp time of the Ancient Greeks to treat a range of VINES on-site or hauled off-site and disposed of as health complaints, including rheumatism, green waste. toothache, and even cellulite.

Notes

THE PLANTS: HOW TO REMOVE BAY AREA WEEDS 59