1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM Prepared by the OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, in cooperation with the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION and JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS, INC. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

Volume 204 Scientific Results Drilling Gas Hydrates on Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Continental Margin

Covering Leg 204 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, to Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Sites 1244–1252 7 July–2 September 2002

SHIPBOARD SCIENTISTS Anne M. Tréhu, Gerhard Bohrmann, Marta E. Torres, Frank R. Rack, Nathan L. Bangs, Samantha R. Barr, Walter S. Borowski, George E. Claypool, Timothy S. Collett, Mark E. Delwiche, Gerald R. Dickens, David S. Goldberg, Eulàlia Gràcia, Gilles Guèrin, Melanie Holland, Joel E. Johnson, Young-Joo Lee, Char-Shine Liu, Philip E. Long, Alexei V. Milkov, Michael Riedel, Peter Schultheiss, Xin Su, Barbara Teichert, Hitoshi Tomaru, Maarten Vanneste, Mahito Watanabe, Jill L. Weinberger

SHIPBOARD STAFF SCIENTIST Frank R. Rack

EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Anne M. Tréhu, Gerhard Bohrmann, Marta E. Torres, Frederick S. Colwell 3

Reference to the whole or to part of this volume should be made as follows: Volume citation: Tréhu, A.M., Bohrmann, G., Torres, M.E., and Colwell, F.S. (Eds.), 2006. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 204: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.2006 Chapter citation: Tréhu, A.M., Bohrmann, G., Torres, M.E., and Colwell, F.S., 2006. Leg 204 synthesis: gas hydrate distribution and dynamics in the central Cascadia accretionary complex. In Tréhu, A.M., Bohrmann, G., Torres, M.E., and Colwell, F.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 204: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 1–40. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.101.2006

Effective publication dates of ODP Proceedings According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date of publication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclature is the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, or when the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and individuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printing date, is the correct one. The printing date of this volume: December 2006 The mailing dates of recent Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Volume 208 (Initial Reports): May 2004 Volume 209 (Initial Reports): June 2004 Volume 210 (Initial Reports): October 2004 Volume 199 (Scientific Results): November 2006 Volume 201 (Scientific Results): September 2006 Volume 205 (Scientific Results): November 2006 Copies of this publication may be obtained from Publications Distribution Center, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA. See the ODP publication list at www-odp.tamu.edu/publications or contact IODP for prices and ordering information. Orders for copies require advance payment. ISSN Book: 0884-5891; CD-ROM: 1096-2514; World Wide Web: 1096-7451 Library of Congress 87-642-462 4

PUBLISHER’S NOTES

This volume also appears on the World Wide Web. Any scientific corrections, revisions, or additions will be noted in the chapter (see “Chapter Notes”) at www-odp.tamu.edu/publications. This publication was prepared by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Funding for the program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this cruise: Australia/Canada/Chinese Taipei/Korea Consortium for Ocean Drilling, Department of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia), Natural Resources Canada, National Taiwan University in Taipei, and Korean Institute for , Mining and Minerals Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany) European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (INSU-CNRS) (France) Marine High-Technology Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission of the People’s Republic of China National Science Foundation (United States) Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute (Japan) Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the participating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M Research Foundation. Current policy requires that all figures published in Scientific Results volumes of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program be provided by the authors. Supplemental data on the volume CD-ROM were provided by the authors and may not conform to ODP publication formats. Abbreviations for names of organizations and publications in ODP reference lists follow the style given in Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (published by American Chemical Society). The map at the front of this volume was produced using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) of Paul Wessel and Walter H.R. Smith (gmt.soest.hawaii.edu). A site map showing the drilling locations for this leg and maps showing the drilling locations of all Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) drilling sites are available on the volume CD-ROM in PDF format. 5

The cover photograph shows a sample of gas hydrate recovered from 2.69 meters below seafloor near the summit of Hydrate Ridge during Leg 204 (Sample 204-1250D-1H-CC, 12–14 cm). It illustrates one of the many different types of hydrate fabric observed during Leg 204. In this sample, horizontal layering probably reflects in situ hydrate formation parallel to the bedding. Vertical sediment-filled cracks likely reflect disruption caused by drilling. The photograph is by ODP Photographer John Beck. 6

FOREWORD

BY JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS, INC. This volume presents scientific and engineering results from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). These results address the scientific and technical goals of the program, which are focused on the study of the dynamics of Earth’s interior and environment, the evolution of oceanic crust, the fluctuations of climate, and the study of the Earth’s deep biosphere. Although ODP ended operations in 2003, science results from ODP’s expeditions on the JOIDES Resolution continue to emerge. The results represent the contributions of scientists and research institutions from 22 ODP member countries. International oversight and coordination of the program was provided by the ODP Council, which was made up of representatives from the member countries. Scientific and management guidance was provided by representatives from the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a nonprofit consortium of 29 U.S. oceanographic institutions, serves as the National Science Foundation’s prime contractor for ODP. JOI implemented scientific objectives, plans, and recommendations of the JOIDES committees through subcontracts to Texas A&M University (TAMU) for science operations and to Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University for geochemical and geophysical well-logging services. JOI, TAMU, and LDEO worked together successfully for many years to manage the Ocean Drilling Program. We look forward to many exciting discoveries and continued international collaboration on the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program as we further our scientific mission. Steven R. Bohlen President of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions and Executive Director of the Ocean Drilling Programs Washington, D.C. 7

PREFACE

THE VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY The Scientific Results volumes of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program are about Earth and her oceans. These volumes contain contributions to a better understanding of the history of our planet through time. This exploration of Earth’s past is based on scientific analyses of layers of strata sampled by the JOIDES Resolution at key locations throughout the global ocean. These volumes are a tribute to the scientific exploration carried out by the men and women who contributed to these voyages of discovery. Like the pioneering exploration and research of Captain Cook aboard the first Resolution, these volumes are a credit to the human spirit, which sees no boundaries. The papers in this volume are published in a new online format that will be archived on CD-ROM. The Proceedings contents are available to students, scientists, and the public throughout the world. Volumes, once housed in the libraries of the member nations of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), are now published on the Internet for a worldwide audience and are also available in CD-ROM format. This electronic publication enables future investigators to gain easier access to the results of ocean drilling research. I acknowledge and thank the authors for their contributions and willingness to participate in this new venture in our successful transition to electronic publications. Each Scientific Results volume has an Editorial Review Board that is responsible for obtaining peer reviews of papers submitted to the volume. This board usually is made up of the two co-chief scientists for the cruise, the ODP staff scientist for the cruise, and one external specialist who is familiar with the geology of the investigated area. ODP staff coordinate the peer-review process and also edit and produce each paper. Each Scientific Results volume contains one leg synthesis paper and other peer-reviewed papers that present the results of extensive research in various aspects of scientific ocean drilling related to each leg. Each paper submitted to a Scientific Results volume undergoes rigorous peer review by at least two specialists in the author’s research field. Volumes may also contain short reports of useful data. These Data Reports do not include interpretation of results and are peer-reviewed by at least one specialist. We seek to maintain a peer-review system comparable to those of the most highly regarded journals in the geological sciences. To acknowledge the contributions made by this volume’s Editorial Review Board, the Board members are designated Editors of the volume. Reviewers of manuscripts for this volume, whose efforts are so essential to the success of the publication, are listed without attribution to any particular manuscript. On behalf of ODP and now the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, the successor to ODP, I extend sincere appreciation to the members of the Editorial Review Board and to the reviewers for generously contributing their time and effort. This process ensures that only papers of high scientific quality are published in the Scientific Results volumes. Paul J. Fox Director, Science Services, TAMU Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 8

REVIEWERS FOR THIS VOLUME John A. Barron R.L. Kleinberg César R. Ranero Earl E. Davis Achim Kopf Carolyn Ruppel Bernard Diekmann Carla Koretsky Peter H. Santschi Gerald (Jerry) Dickens Nina Kukowski Elizabeth Screaton Jean-Paul Foucher Stephen Macko George Spence Barry Freifeld Mitchell J. Malone Ralph A. Stephen Renata Giulia Lucchi Lisa C. McNeill Federica Tamburini Andrew R. Gorman G.F. Moore Heiner Villinger Ethan Grossman Thomas H. Naehr William F. Waite Reinhard Hesse Charlie Paull Amane Waseda Bernie Housen Kevin J. Purdy Graham K. Westbrook Sabine Kasten Grant M. Raisbeck Warren T. Wood 9

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM* National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington VA 22230, USA. Tel: (703) 306-1581; Fax: (703) 306-0390 Web site: www.nsf.gov

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES) Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth University of Michigan, College of Literature, Observatory Science, and the Arts Florida State University University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences University of South Florida, College of Marine Science Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and University of Washington, College of Ocean and Faculty of Arts and Sciences Fishery Sciences Stanford University, School of Earth Sciences Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Texas A&M University, College of Geosciences Australia/Canada/Chinese Taipei/Korea Consortium for Ocean Drilling: Department of University of California at San Diego, Scripps Primary Industries and Energy (Australia), Institution of Oceanography Natural Resources Canada, National Taiwan University of California, Santa Cruz University in Taipei, and Korean Institute for University of Florida Geology, Mining and Minerals University of Hawaii, School of Ocean and Earth European Science Foundation Consortium for Science and Technology Ocean Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) and Atmospheric Science

*At time of completion of ODP cruises in September 2003. See Publisher’s Notes, p. 4, for list of funding agencies at time of cruise. 10

Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesanstalt für People’s Republic of China, Marine High- Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Technology Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission of the People’s France, Institut National des Sciences de Republic of China l’Univers–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (INSU-CNRS) United Kingdom, Natural Environment Research Council Japan, University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

ODP PROGRAM MANAGER ODP LOGGING SERVICES OPERATOR Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Borehole Research Group 1201 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 400 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Washington DC 20005, USA of Columbia University Tel: (202) 232-3900; Fax: (202) 462-8754 PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W E-mail: [email protected] Palisades NY 10964, USA Web site: www.joiscience.org Tel: (845) 365-8341; Fax: (845) 365-3182 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ldeo.columbia.edu/BRG/ODP ODP SCIENCE OPERATOR Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ODP SITE SURVEY DATA BANK Texas A&M University 1000 Discovery Drive Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory College Station TX 77845-9547, USA of Columbia University Tel: (979) 845-2673; Fax: (979) 845-4857 PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W E-mail: [email protected] Palisades NY 10964, USA Web site: iodp.tamu.edu Tel: (845) 365-8542; Fax: (845) 365-8159 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: ssdb.iodp.org 11

LEG 204 PARTICIPANTS*

SHIPBOARD SCIENTIFIC PARTY Anne M. Tréhu Frank R. Rack Co-Chief Scientist Staff Scientist College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Oregon State University 1755 Massachusetts Avenue Northwest, Suite 104 Ocean Administration Building 700 Corvallis OR 97331-5503 Washington DC 20036 USA USA [email protected] Present address (8 August 2006): Gerhard Bohrmann ANDRILL Science Management Office Co-Chief Scientist University of Nebraska–Lincoln GEOMAR 126 Bessey Hall Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel PO Box 880341 Wischhofstrasse 1-3 Lincoln NE 68588-0341 24148 Kiel USA Germany [email protected] Present address (17 April 2005): Nathan L. Bangs Research Center Ocean Margins Logging Scientist University of Bremen Institute for Geophysics Klagenfurter Strasse University of Texas at Austin 28334 Bremen 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Building 600 Germany Austin TX 78759-8500 [email protected] USA [email protected] Marta E. Torres Inorganic Geochemist/Staff Scientist Samantha R. Barr College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Logging Staff Scientist Oregon State University Department of Geology 104 Ocean Administration Building University of Leicester Corvallis OR 97331-5503 University Road USA Leicester LE1 7RH [email protected] United Kingdom [email protected]

*Addresses at time of cruise, except where updated by the leg participants before publication. 12

Walter S. Borowski David S. Goldberg Inorganic Geochemist Logging Staff Scientist Department of Earth Sciences Borehole Research Group Eastern Kentucky University Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia 521 Lancaster Avenue University Roark 103 PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Richmond KY 40475-3102 Palisades NY 10964 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] George E. Claypool Eulàlia Gràcia Organic Geochemist Sedimentologist 8910 West 2nd Avenue Centre Mediterrani d’Investigacions Marines i Lakewood CO 80226 Ambientals (CMIMA) USA Unitat de Tecnologia Marina [email protected] CSIC Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49 Timothy S. Collett 08003 Barcelona Logging Scientist Spain Energy Resources Program [email protected] U.S. Geological Survey Denver Federal Center Gilles Guèrin Box 25046, MS 939 Logging Staff Scientist Denver CO 80225 Borehole Research Group USA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia [email protected] University PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Mark E. Delwiche Palisades NY 10964 Microbiologist USA Biosciences [email protected] Idaho National Laboratory 2525 North Fremont Street Melanie Holland Idaho Falls ID 83415-2203 Microbiologist USA Department of Geological Sciences [email protected] Box 871404 Arizona State University Gerald R. Dickens Tempe AZ 85287 Pressure Core Sampler Scientist USA Department of Earth Science [email protected] Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA [email protected] 13

Joel E. Johnson Alexei V. Milkov Sedimentologist Pressure Core Specialist/Organic Geochemist College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Geochemical and Environmental Research Oregon State University Group 104 Ocean Administration Building Texas A&M University Corvallis OR 97331 833 Graham Road USA College Station TX 77845 Present address (25 October 2005): USA University of New Hampshire Present address (1 March 2003): Department of Earth Sciences Exploration and Production Technology Group 56 College Road, James Hall 121 BP America Durham NH 03824-3589 Room 15.122 USA 501 Westlake Park Boulevard [email protected] Houston TX 77079 USA Young-Joo Lee [email protected] Organic Geochemist Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Michael Riedel Division Physical Properties Specialist Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Geological Survey of Canada Resources (KIGAM) Pacific Geoscience Centre 30 Kajung-Dong, Yusong-Gu 9860 West Saanich Road Daejon 305-350 Sidney BC V8L 4B2 South Korea Canada [email protected] Present address (1 August 2006): Char-Shine Liu Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Physical Properties Specialist McGill University Institute of Oceanography 3450 University Street; National Taiwan University Frank Dawson Adams Building (Rm 341) PO Box 23-13 QB H3A 2A7 Taipei 106 Canada Taiwan [email protected] [email protected] Peter Schultheiss Philip E. Long Physical Properties Specialist Physical Properties Specialist Geotek Ltd. Environmental Technology Division 3 Faraday Close Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Drayton Fields PO Box 999, Mail Stop K9-33 Daventry Richland WA 99352 Northants NN11 5RD USA United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] 14

Xin Su Maarten Vanneste Sedimentologist/Paleontologist Geophysicist Center of Marine Geology Department of Geology China University of Geosciences Universitetet i Tromsø Xueyuan Road 29 Dramsveien 201 Beijing 100083 9037 Tromsø People’s Republic of China Norway [email protected] [email protected] Barbara Teichert Mahito Watanabe Sedimentologist Paleontologist (diatoms) GEOMAR Geoscience Institute Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Geological Survey of Japan, AIST Wischhofstrasse 1-3 1-1-1 Central 7 Higashi 24148 Kiel Tsukuba 305-8567 Germany Japan Present address (19 November 2003): [email protected] Research Center for Ocean Margins Jill L. Weinberger University Bremen Sedimentologist/Structural Postfach 330 440 Scripps Institution of Oceanography D-28334 Bremen University of California, San Diego Germany 9500 Gilman Drive [email protected] Mail Code 0244 Hitoshi Tomaru San Diego CA 92093-0244 Inorganic Geochemist USA Department of Earth and Planetary Science [email protected] University of Tokyo Science Building 5 7-3-1 Hong, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Present address (15 April 2005): Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Rochester 227 Hutchison Hall University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA [email protected] 15

SHORE-BASED SCIENTIFIC PARTY Antje Boetius Peter R. Girguis Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research and Development Division Research MBARI (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research 27515 Bremen Institute) Germany 7700 Sandholdt Road [email protected] Moss Landing CA 95039 USA Fred J. Brockman [email protected] Biological Sciences Department Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Martin Heesemann 790 Sixth Street Department of Geosciences Mailstop P7-50 Klagenfurter Strasse Richland WA 99352 University of Bremen USA 28359 Bremen [email protected] Germany [email protected] Annette Deyhle Geosciences Research Division Samantha B. Joye Scripps Institution of Oceanography Department of Marine Sciences 9500 Gilman Drive University of Georgia University of California, San Diego 220 Marine Sciences Building La Jolla CA 92093-0212 Athens GA 30602 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Udo Fehn Thomas D. Lorenson Department of Earth and Environmental U.S. Geological Survey Sciences 345 Middlefield Road, MS 999 University of Rochester Menlo Park CA 94025 227 Hutchison Hall USA University of Rochester [email protected] Rochester NY 14627 Christopher T. Mills USA Chemistry/ Department [email protected] Colorado School of Mines Peter B. Flemings 1500 Illinois Street Department of Geosciences Golden CO 80401 The Pennsylvania State University USA 442 Deike Building [email protected] University Park PA 16802 USA [email protected] 16

Robert J. Musgrave Heinz Wilkes Department of Earth Sciences GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam La Trobe University Telegrafenberg, Haus B427 Building NW4 14473 Potsdam Bundoora Germany Melbourne VIC 3086 [email protected] Australia Gisela Winckler [email protected] Borehole Research Group Radu Popa Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Earth Sciences and Marine Biology Departments University University of Southern California PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W 3651 Trousdale Parkway Palisades NY 10964 Science Hall 117 USA Los Angeles CA 90089-0740 [email protected] USA William J. Winters [email protected] U.S. Geological Survey Bill Ussler 384 Woods Hole Road Research and Development Division Woods Hole MA 02543 MBARI (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research USA Institute) [email protected] 7700 Sandholdt Road Moss Landing CA 95039 USA [email protected] 17

MEDIA REPRESENTATIVES Stephan Braun Randy Lee Showstack Context TV Eos Elssholzstrasse 11 American Geophysical Union 10823 Berlin 2000 Florida Avenue, Northwest Germany Washington DC 20009 USA Jan Hartmann Context TV Alexandra Witze Lützowstrasse 92 Dallas Morning News 10785 Berlin 508 Young Street Germany Dallas TX 75202 USA

TRANSOCEAN OFFICIALS Peter Mowat Tim McCown Master of the Drilling Vessel Drilling Superintendent Overseas Drilling Ltd. Overseas Drilling Ltd. 707 Texas Avenue South, Suite 213D 707 Texas Avenue South, Suite 213D College Station TX 77840-1917 College Station TX 77840-1917 USA USA 18

ODP SHIPBOARD PERSONNEL AND TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVES Roeland Baas Erik Moortgat Fugro Engineer Marine Computer Specialist John W. Beck Khaled Moudjeber Marine Laboratory Specialist (Photographer) Schlumberger Engineer/ Logging-While-Drilling Specialist James Benjamin Bloys Chevron/Texaco Visiting Engineer Stefan Mrozewski Schlumberger Engineer/ Timothy Bronk Logging-While-Drilling Specialist Assistant Laboratory Officer Pieter Pretorius Jason Deardorff Marine Electronics Specialist Marine Laboratory Specialist (Temporary) John W.P. Riley Sandy Dillard Marine Laboratory Specialist Marine Laboratory Specialist (Physical Properties) (Downhole Tools/Thin Sections) Derryl Schroeder Dennis Graham Development Engineer Marine Laboratory Specialist (Chemistry) Michael A. Storms Kevin Grigar Operations Manager Design Engineer Johanna M. Suhonen Jessica Huckemeyer Marine Laboratory Specialist Marine Laboratory Specialist (Curator) (Underway Geophysics) W. Brian Jones Kerry Swain Marine Laboratory Specialist (Chemistry) Schlumberger Engineer Bradley Julson Paul Ténière Laboratory Officer Marine Laboratory Specialist (Temporary) Peter Kannberg Thjunjoto Marine Laboratory Specialist (Temporary) Maritime Technik HYACE/HYACINTH Engineer Jan Jurie Kotzé Marine Electronics Specialist Ko-Min Tjok Fugro-McClelland Engineer Terry Langsdorf Fugro-McClelland Engineer Floris Tuynder Fugro Engineer Herbert Leyton Schlumberger Vertical Seismic Profile Specialist/ Felix Weise Engineer Institute of Petroleum Engineering HYACE/ HYACINTH Engineer Angeline T. Miller Robert M. Wheatley Marine Laboratory Specialist (Yeoperson) Marine Laboratory Specialist (X-Ray) 19

PUBLICATION SERVICES STAFF* Karen Benson Jennie L. Lamb Lorri L. Peters Production Specialist II Graphics Specialist II Supervisor of Editing Mary Chapman Shana C. Lewis M. Kathleen Phillips Production Specialist I Editor Publications Specialist Gudelia (“Gigi”) Delgado Ginny Lowe Barbara Riggs-Turner Senior Publications Reports Coordinator Administrative Assistant Coordinator Nancy H. Luedke Jennifer Pattison Rumford Patrick H. Edwards Graphics Specialist II Electronic Publications Production Specialist III Specialist Amy McWilliams Jaime A. Gracia Editor Kenneth Sherar Supervisor of Production Production Specialist II Angeline T. Miller Lauren Gracia Manager of Publication Katherine W. Steuer Student Assistant Services Assistant Editor Cassandra Harashe Linda Orsi Ann Yeager Student Assistant Graphics Specialist II Distribution Specialist Jenni Hesse Deborah L. Partain Editor Supervisor of Graphics

*At time of publication. 20

CD-ROM CONTENTS: SYNTHESIS AND CHAPTERS

SYNTHESIS

1. Leg 204 Synthesis: Gas Hydrate Distribution and Dynamics in the Central Cascadia Accretionary Complex A.M. Tréhu, G. Bohrmann, M.E. Torres, and F.S. Colwell doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.101.2006

CHAPTERS

STRUCTURAL, SEDIMENTOLOGICAL, AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SETTING

2. Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of Southern Hydrate Ridge Johanna Chevallier, Ann M. Tréhu, Nathan L. Bangs, Joel E. Johnson, and H. Jack Meyer doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.121.2006

3. North-South Variability in the History of Deformation and Fluid Venting across Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin Joel E. Johnson, Chris Goldfinger, Ann M. Tréhu, Nathan L.B. Bangs, Marta E. Torres, and Johanna Chevallier doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.125.2006

4. Data Report: Stress Orientation in Gas Hydrate–Bearing Sediments near Hydrate Ridge— Evidence from Borehole Breakouts Observed from Logging-While-Drilling Resistivity Images D. Goldberg and A. Janik doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.108.2006

5. Data Report: Composition of Authigenic Carbonates in Sediments of the Cascadia Accretionary Prism, ODP Leg 204 B.M.A. Teichert and G. Bohrmann doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.116.2006

6. Data Report: Diatom Biostratigraphy of Sites 1251 and 1252 Mahito Watanabe doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.123.2006

7. Data Report: Composition of Clay Minerals from Hemipelagic Sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Subduction Zone Michael Underwood and Marta Torres doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.127.2006 21

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

8. Physical Properties of Near-Surface Sediments at Southern Hydrate Ridge: Results from ODP Leg 204 M. Riedel, P. Long, C.S. Liu, P. Schultheiss, T. Collett, and ODP Leg 204 Shipboard Scientific Party doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.104.2006

9. Subsurface Temperatures beneath Southern Hydrate Ridge Anne M. Tréhu doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.114.2006

10. Relationship between Sediment Granulometry and the Presence of Gas Hydrates on Hydrate Ridge X. Su, C.-B. Song, and N.-Q. Fang doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.115.2006

11. Data Report: Grain-Size and Bulk and Clay of Sediments from the Summit and Flanks of Southern Hydrate Ridge, Sites 1244–1250, ODP Leg 204 Eulàlia Gràcia, Francisca Martínez-Ruiz, Elena Piñero, Juan Cruz Larrasoaña, Alexis Vizcaino, and Gemma Ercilla doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.110.2006

12. Data Report: Consolidation and Strength Characteristics of Sediments from ODP Site 1244, Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Continental Margin Brian Tan, John T. Germaine, and Peter B. Flemings doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.102.2006

GEOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY

13. Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Isotopic Composition of Interstitial Waters from the Hydrate Ridge Region, Cascadia Continental Margin H. Tomaru, R. Matsumoto, M.E. Torres, and W.S. Borowski doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.109.2006

14. Data Report: 129I/I Ratios and Halogen Concentrations in Pore Water of Hydrate Ridge and Their Relevance for the Origin of Gas Hydrates: A Progress Report Udo Gehn, Zunli Lu, and Hitoshi Tomaru doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.107.2006

15. Microbial Methane Generation and Gas Transport in Shallow Sediments of an Accretionary Complex, Southern Hydrate Ridge (ODP Leg 204), offshore Oregon, USA George E. Claypool, Alexei V. Milkov, Young-Joo Lee, Marta E. Torres, Walter S. Borowski, and Hitoshi Tomaru doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.113.2006

16. Dissolved Fluoride Concentrations in Methane-Charged Sediment Sequences Gerald R. Dickens, Catherine M. Donohoe, and Glen T. Snyder doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.118.2006 22

17. Data Report: Acetate and Hydrogen Concentration in Pore Fluids Associated with a Large Gas Hydrate Reservoir, Southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, USA Thomas D. Lorenson, Frederick S. Colwell, Mark Delwiche, and Jennifer A. Dougherty doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.126.2006

18. Rock Magnetic Identification of Magnetic Iron Sulfides and Its Bearing on the Occurrence of Gas Hydrates, ODP Leg 204 (Hydrate Ridge) Juan Cruz Larrasoaña, Eulàlia Gràcia, Miguel Garcés, Robert J. Musgrave, Elena Piñero, Francisca Martinez-Ruiz, and Marta E. Vega doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.111.2006

19. Data Report: Dissolved Sulfide Concentration and Sulfur Isotopic Composition of Sulfide and Sulfate in Pore Waters, ODP Leg 204, Hydrate Ridge and Vicinity, Cascadia Margin, offshore Oregon Walter S. Borowski doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.105.2006

20. Data Report: Isotopic Characterization of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Pore Waters, Leg 204 M.E. Torres and W.D. Rugh doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.117.2006

21. Data Report: Shapes and Structures of Gas Hydrates Imaged by Computed Tomographic Analyses, ODP Leg 204, Hydrate Ridge F. Abegg, G. Bohrmann, and W. Kuhs doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.122.2006

DOWNHOLE TOOLS AND LOGGING

22. Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Saturations Estimated from Velocity Logs on Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, USA M.W. Lee and T.S. Collett doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.103.2006

23. Data Report: A Test of the Temperature, Pressure, and Conductivity Tool Prototype at Hydrate Ridge William Ussler III, Charles K. Paull, Paul McGill, Derryl Schroeder, and Dean Ferrell doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.112.2006

24. Sonic Velocities in an Active Gas Hydrate System, Hydrate Ridge Gilles Guerin, David S. Goldberg, and Tim S. Collett doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.124.2006

25. Near-Offset Vertical Seismic Experiments during Leg 204 Anne M. Tréhu, Nathan L. Bangs, and Gilles Guerin doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.120.2006 23

26. Physical Properties of Repressurized Sediment from Hydrate Ridge William J. Winters, William F. Waite, David H. Mason, and Lauren Y. Gilbert doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.119.2006

27. Data Report: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging while Drilling, ODP Leg 204 Timothy S. Collett, Myung W. Lee, David S. Goldberg, Frank R. Rack, and Trevor Williams doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.106.2006 24

CD-ROM CONTENTS: SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The Scientific Results CD-ROM contains supplementary data files presented in Microsoft Excel and PDF. The files present raw and derived downhole temperature, pressure, and conductivity data and computed tomographic images of gas hydrate structures. SR204112 48C12H4.PDF 1226BTPC.XLS 1249 1226ETPC.XLS 48B2A1.PDF 1224E.XLS 49B2A2.PDF 1245C.XLS 49B3A1.PDF 1247B.XLS 49B4A1.PDF 1250E.XLS 49B6A1.PDF 1251D.XLS 49C1H1A.PDF 1252A.XLS 49C1H1B.PDF SR204122 49C1H1C.PDF 1244 49C1HCCA.PDF 44C8H1.PDF 49C1HCCB.PDF 44C10H1.PDF 49C2H1.PDF 44E12H1.PDF 49C3H1A.PDF 44E13H6.PDF 49C3H1B.PDF 49C3H1CC.PDF 1245 49C7H1.PDF 45B6H5.PDF 49C7H2.PDF 45B7H1.PDF 49C7H3.PDF 45B15X2.PDF 49C8H3.PDF 45C10H2.PDF 49C8H4.PDF 45C10H5.PDF 49C11H4.PDF 45C11H2.PDF 49C12H1.PDF 45C14H1.PDF 49F3HCC.PDF 45C15X1.PDF 49F5H1.PDF 1246 49F10H5.PDF 46B11H5.PDF 1250 46B13H1.PDF 50C2H1.PDF 1247 50C2HCC.PDF 47B12H2.PDF 50C4H3.PDF 50C11H3.PDF 1248 50C12H1.PDF 48B2H2.PDF 50D1H3.PDF 48C1XCC.PDF 50D1HCC.PDF 48C3X3.PDF 50D10H3.PDF 48C8H6.PDF 48C10H1.PDF 1252 48C11H5.PDF 52A11H1.PDF 25

CD-ROM CONTENTS: DRILLING LOCATION MAPS A site map showing the drilling locations for this leg and maps showing the drilling locations of all Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) drilling sites are available in PDF format. ODP Leg 204 Site Map ODP Map (Legs 100–210) DSDP Map (Legs 1–96)

CD-ROM CONTENTS: INDEX TO LEG 204 INITIAL REPORTS AND SCIENTIFIC RESULTS VOLUMES The index covers both the Initial Reports and Scientific Results portions of Volume 204 of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. The index contains a subject and taxonomic index. Index to Leg 204

CD-ROM CONTENTS: COMPILED ELECTRONIC INDEX The Compiled Electronic Index of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program contains the indexes of Volumes 101–178, 180–192, 194–201, 204, and 205. The indexes are contained in the directory titled ODPINDEX and are named ###NDX.PDF (### = the leg number). These indexes can be searched individually or collectively. For information on using the Acrobat search function, see the Help function in Adobe Reader. 26

CD-ROM DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

204SR.PDF (Preliminary pages and table of contents) README.TXT (ASCII version of information about the volume CD-ROM)

ACROREAD MAC_OS (Acrobat Reader installation UNIX software and instructions for different platforms) WINDOWS README.TXT

MAPS 204_MAP.PDF (Leg 204 site map) (Drilling location maps) ODPMAP.PDF (ODP map, Legs 100 through 210) DSDPMAP.PDF (DSDP map, Legs 1 through 96)

VOLUME SYNTH SYNTH.PDF (Leg 204 Synthesis: Gas Hydrate (Leg 204 Scientific Results volume) (Overview chapter) Distribution and Dynamics)

CHAPTERS 121.PDF (Chapter 2: Seismic Sequence (Volume chapters) Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution) 125.PDF (Chapter 3: History of Deformation and Fluid Venting) 108.PDF (Chapter 4: Data Report: Stress Orientation in Gas Hydrate–Bearing Sediments) 116.PDF (Chapter 5: Data Report: Composition of Authigenic Carbonates) 123.PDF (Chapter 6: Data Report: Diatom Biostratigraphy) 127.PDF (Chapter 7: Data Report: Clay Minerals in Hemipelagic Sediments) 104.PDF (Chapter 8: Physical Properties of Near-Surface Sediments) 114.PDF (Chapter 9: Subsurface Temperatures beneath Southern Hydrate Ridge) 115.PDF (Chapter 10: Sediment Granulometry and Gas Hydrate) 110.PDF (Chapter 11: Data Report: Sediment Grain-Size and Mineralogy) 102.PDF (Chapter 12: Data Report: Consolidation and Strength Characteristics) 109.PDF (Chapter 13: Isotopic Composition of Interstitial Waters) 107.PDF (Chapter 14: Data Report: 129I/I Ratios and Halogen Concentrations) 113.PDF (Chapter 15: Microbial Methane Generation and Gas Transport) 118.PDF (Chapter 16: Dissolved Fluoride Concentrations) 126.PDF (Chapter 17: Data Report: Acetate and Hydrogen in Pore Fluids) 111.PDF (Chapter 18: Magnetic Iron Sulfides) 105.PDF (Chapter 19: Data Report: Sulfide and Sulfur Isotopes) 117.PDF (Chapter 20: Data Report: Characterization of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) 122.PDF (Chapter 21: Data Report: Structure (Continued on next page) of Gas Hydrates) 27

CD-ROM DIRECTORY STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)

VOLUME CHAPTERS 103.PDF (Chapter 22: Gas Hydrate and Free (Continued) (Volume chapters) Gas Saturations from Velocity Logs) 112.PDF (Chapter 23: Data Report: A Test of the TPC Tool Prototype) 124.PDF (Chapter 24: Sonic Velocities in an Active Gas Hydrate System) 120.PDF (Chapter 25: Vertical Seismic Experiments) 119.PDF (Chapter 26: Repressurized Sediment) 106.PDF (Chapter 27: Data Report: NMR Logging while Drilling)

OVERSIZE SR204110 (Chapter 11 file) (Large-format table)

TABLES SR204109 (Chapter 13 file) (Tables in ASCII format of isotopic compositions) 204NDX.PDF (Leg 204 Proceedings volume index)

SUPP_MAT SR204112 1226BTPC.XLS (Temperature, conductivity, (Supplementary Material) 1226ETPC.XLS and pressure data in Excel) 1244E.XLS 1245C.XLS 1247B.XLS 1250D.XLS 1251D.XLS 1252A.XLS

SR204122 1244 (Site 1244 files) (Computed tomography images 1245 (Site 1245 files) in PDF) 1246 (Site 1246 files) 1247 (Site 1247 files) 1248 (Site 1248 files) 1249 (Site 1249 files) 1250 (Site 1250 files) 1252 (Site 1252 files) README.TXT

ODPINDEX 101NDX.PDF through 178NDX.PDF, (Compiled Electronic Index of the 180NDX.PDF through 192NDX.PDF, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling 194NDX.PDF through 201NDX.PDF, Program) 204NDX.PDF, and 205NDX.PDF (Index files)