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BAB 4 ANALISIS KONDISI KEPARIWISATAAN KSPP MUNTOK DAN SEKITARNYA 4.1 Potensi Sumber Daya Alam, Sejarah, Dan Budaya KSPP Muntok Dan Sekitarnya

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BAB 4 ANALISIS KONDISI KEPARIWISATAAN KSPP MUNTOK DAN SEKITARNYA 4.1 Potensi Sumber Daya Alam, Sejarah, Dan Budaya KSPP Muntok Dan Sekitarnya BAB 4 ANALISIS KONDISI KEPARIWISATAAN KSPP MUNTOK DAN SEKITARNYA 4.1 Potensi Sumber Daya Alam, Sejarah, dan Budaya KSPP Muntok dan Sekitarnya 4.1.1 Kondisi Fisik Kawasan Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Provinsi (KSPP) Muntok dan sekitarnya meliputi wilayah Kabupaten Bangka Barat yang secara astromonis terletak pada 105’ Bujur Timur dan 1’ sampai 2’ Lintang Selatan. Secara geografis, Kabupaten Bangka Barat berbatasan dengan Laut Natuna di sebelah utara, Selat Bangka di sebelah selatan dan barat, serta berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Bangka di sebelah timur. Kabupaten Bangka Barat memiliki lokasi yang strategis karena terletak dekat dengan Pulau Sumatera dan menjadi pintu masuk penumpang dan barang dari Palembang (Sumatera) menuju Pangkalpinang (Ibu Kota Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung) dan sebaliknya melalui jalur laut. Kabupaten Bangka Barat memiliki luas wilayah lebih kurang 2.884,15 km2 atau 288.415 ha yang terbagi kedalam enam kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Kelapa, Kecamatan Tempilang, Kecamatan Muntok, Kecamatan Simpang Teritip, Kecamatan Jebus, dan Kecamatan Parittiga. Kecamatan Simpang Teritip merupakan kecamatan terluas, yaitu sebesar 637,35 km2, sedangkan Kecamatan Parittiga merupakan kecamatan dengan luas wilayah terkecil, yaitu 326,71 km2. Tabel 4.1 Luas Wilayah dan Tinggi Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Bangka Barat Luas Wilayah (Km2) Persentase Tinggi Kecamatan (%) (mdpl) Simpang Teritip 637,35 22,10 12,7 Kelapa 573,80 19,89 51,0 Muntok 505,94 17,54 18,6 Tempilang 461,02 15,98 25,0 Jebus 379,49 13,03 25,0 Parittiga 326,71 11,22 25,0 Total 2.884,31 100,00 - Sumber: Kabupaten Bangka Barat dalam Angka 2018 Kabupaten Bangka Barat berada di ketinggian antara 12,7 – 51,0 meter di atas permukaan laut dengan Kecamatan Simpang Teritip sebagai kecamatan yang berada pada ketinggian terendah dan Kecamatan Kelapa sebagai kecamatan yang berada pada ketinggian tertinggi. Secara topografi wilayah, Kabupaten Bangka Barat terdiri dari rawa-rawa dengan hutan bakau, pantai landai berpasir, dataran rendah dan bukit-bukit dengan hutan lebat. Semua kecamatan di Kabupaten Bangka Barat berbatasan dengan laut, sehingga memiliki potensi bentang alam pesisir dan laut yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai daya tarik wisata. Kabupaten Bangka Barat memiliki iklim tropis (Tipe A) dengan curah hujan rata-rata sebesar 91,90 mm3/bulan dan suhu rata-rata sebesar 28,10oC. Pada tahun 2017, curah hujan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Februari, yaitu sebesar 183,9 mm3/bulan dan curah hujan terendah terjadi pada bulan Laporan Akhir RIRD KSPP Muntok dan sekitarnya 4-2 Juli, yaitu sebesar 21,5 mm3/bulan. Kondisi curah hujan tersebut dapat menjadi acuan para wisatawan dalam berkunjung untuk mempersiapkan berbagai kebutuhannya dalam menghadapi kondisi cuaca di Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Gambar 4.1 Grafik Curah Hujan per Bulan di Kabupaten Bangka Barat, 2017 Sumber: Kabupaten Bangka Barat dalam Angka 2018 Kondisi fisik lain yang juga penting diperhatikan di Kawasan Kota Muntok ini terkait curah hujan dan pasang surut adalah banjir. Berdasarkan penelusuran berita, kejadian banjir di Kota Muntok yang terjadi pada rentang waktu terdekat adalah pada tanggal: 18 Desember 2017, 11 dan 29 Maret 2018, dan 1 Juni 2018. Pada ke-empat waktu tersebut, terjadinya banjir didahului dengan intensitas hujan yang tinggi yang bersamaan waktunya dengan waktu pasang tinggi. Banjir pada tanggal 11 Maret dan 1 Juni 2018 bertepatan dengan kondisi pasang tertinggi (di atas rata-rata permukaan pasang surut) yang mencapai lebih dari 3 meter untuk wilayah Muntok. Sedangkan banjir pada tanggal 18 Desember 2017 dan 29 Januari 2018, tidak bersamaan waktunya dengan saat pasang tertingggi walaupun pasang tinggi yang terjadi tetap berada pada kisaran ketinggian 3 meter di atas rata-rata permukaan pasang-surut. Laporan Akhir RIRD KSPP Muntok dan sekitarnya 4-3 Sumber: hasil analisis dengan menggunakan program WxTide : pasang naik tertinggi saat terjadi banjir Gambar 4.2 Grafik Pasang Surut untuk Wwilayah Muntok Bulan Desember 2017 (banjir tanggal 18 Desember 2017, pasang naik tertinggi 3,3 meter) Sumber: hasil analisis dengan menggunakan program WxTide : pasang naik tertinggi saat terjadi banjir Gambar 4.3 Grafik Pasang Surut untuk Wilayah Muntok Bulan Januari 2018 (banjir tanggal 29 Januari 2018, pasang naik tertinggi 3,2 meter) Laporan Akhir RIRD KSPP Muntok dan sekitarnya 4-4 Sumber: hasil analisa dengan menggunakan program WxTide : pasang naik tertinggi saat terjadi banjir Gambar 4.4 Grafik Pasang Surut untuk Wilayah Muntok Bulan Maret 2018 (Banjir tanggal 11 Maret 2018, pasang naik tertinggi 3,3 meter) Sumber: hasil analisa dengan menggunakan program WxTide : pasang naik tertinggi saat terjadi banjir Gambar 4.5 Grafik Pasang Surut untuk Wilayah Muntok Bulan Juni 2018 (Banjir tanggal 1 Juni 2018, pasang naik tertinggi 3,6 meter) Laporan Akhir RIRD KSPP Muntok dan sekitarnya 4-5 Selain karena faktor alam berupa hujan dan pasang surut, hal lain yang menyebabkan banjir adalah terjadinya sedimentasi di sepanjang Sungai Arang-Arang hingga muara dan pesisir Kota Muntok. Pendangkalan pada wilayah muara dan pesisir ini dapat menyebabkan perlambatan laju arus air dari sungai menuju laut. Akibat perlambatan laju air air ini, jika terjadi hujan dengan intensitas tinggi maka debit air hujan yang mengalir dari arah hulu sungai akan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan debit air sungai yang dapat mengalir masuk menuju laut, sehingga sebagian air akan tertahan dan berpotensi menyebabkan genangan banjir di wilayah daratan Kota Muntok. Kondisi ini tentu saja akan berpengaruh terhadap kepariwisataan Kota Muntok, sehingga penanggulangan bencana banjir ini perlu dimasukkan dalam perencanaan wilayah Kota Muntok. 4.1.2 Karakteristik Sosial Kependudukan Penduduk Kabupaten Bangka Barat berdasarkan proyeksi penduduk tahun 2017 adalah sebanyak 204.778 jiwa yang terdiri dari 106.851 jiwa penduduk laki-laki dan 97.927 jiwa penduduk perempuan. Sedangkan kepadatan penduduk di Kabupaten Bangka Barat tahun 2017 mencapai 71 jiwa/km2 dengan kepadatan penduduk tertinggi terletak di Kecamatan Parittiga, yaitu sebesar 113 jiwa/km2, dan terendah di Kecamatan Simpang Teritip, yaitu sebesar 47 jiwa/km2. Tabel 4.2 Jumlah Penduduk dan Kepadatan Penduduk di Kabupaten Bangka Barat 2017 Kepadatan Penduduk Kecamatan Laki-Laki Perempuan Jumlah Penduduk (per Km2) Kelapa 17.509 16.133 33.642 59 Tempilang 13.724 12.919 26.643 58 Muntok 28.928 26.493 55.421 110 Simpang Teritip 15.542 14.444 29.986 47 Jebus 11.508 10.538 22.046 58 Parittiga 19.640 17.400 37.040 113 Jumlah 106.851 97.927 204.778 71 Sumber: Kabupaten Bangka Barat dalam Angka 2018 Suku dan etnis penduduk Kabupaten Bangka Barat terdiri dari suku Melayu, keturunan Tionghoa, Jawa, Arab Melayu, Palembang, Bugis, dan Batak. Kondisi keberagaman suku dan etnis ini mendorong Kabupaten Bangka Barat tumbuh menjadi kabupaten yang unik dan menarik. Hal tersebut juga didukung oleh kerukunan dan toleransi antarsuku dan etnis penduduk. Sebagai contoh, latar belakang multikultural terasa begitu kuat di Kota Muntok. Setidaknya, terdapat perpaduan tiga etnis yang berbaur, yakni Melayu, Tionghoa, dan juga Arab. Namun kerukunan dan toleransi begitu terasa antaretnis dan golongan. Terdapat dua bangunan yang berdiri berdampingan sebagai cermin toleransi yang terbangun di Kota Muntok. Kelenteng Kong Fuk Miau dan Masjid Jami’ menjadi dua bangunan ikonik dari Kampung Tanjung, Kecamatan Laporan Akhir RIRD KSPP Muntok dan sekitarnya 4-6 Muntok yang dibangun pada era abad ke-18. Masjid dibangun secara gotong royong antara Muslim dengan non-Muslim, dan merupakan masjid pertama di Muntok. Beberapa bahan bangunan untuk masjid pun disumbangkan dari kelenteng, salah satunya tiang penyangga Masjid Jami’. Kerukunan yang terjalin antara etnis Melayu dan Tionghoa ini nyatanya sudah terjalin sejak zaman nenek moyang, kerukunan serta toleransi sudah mulai ditanamkan di kehidupan mereka. Rasa menjunjung tinggi tenggang rasa dan kerukunan antarmasyarakat juga diterapkan pada nilai-nilai kehidupan sehari-hari. Jika masjid Jami’ sedang melaksanakan ibadah, maka Kelenteng akan rehat dari kegiatannya dan memberikan kesempatan bagi jemaah masjid untuk melakukan ibadah. Contohnya, kegiatan latihan barongsai dan shalat Jumat. Jadi setiap jadwal shalat, latihan barongsai dihentikan dahulu. Meski memiliki pandangan masing-masing dalam menyikapi kehidupan, para pemeluk agama di kedua tempat peribadatan tersebut senantiasa rukun. Kelenteng dan masjid yang mampu menjalankan aktivitasnya berdampingan selama 133 tahun membuktikan toleransi beragama yang luar biasa di Muntok. Masyarakat Muntok yang Muslim dan non-Muslim memang sudah akrab dari dulu. Keakraban terjalin dari hal-hal kecil seperti saling mengunjungi ketika hari raya masing-masing agama, yang lain datang, begitu sebaliknya. Tak berhenti sampai di situ, mereka pun acap kali duduk bersama untuk sekadar berbagi cerita. Warung kopi pun menjadi saksi keakraban yang terjalin di antara mereka. Kebiasaan serta cara pandang masyarakat yang menilai perbedaan bukan menjadi sebuah penghalang untuk bersatu, merupakan salah satu resep mengapa kerukunan tetap terjaga. 4.1.3 Karakteristik Ekonomi Wilayah Kabupaten Bangka Barat merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi hasil alam seperti komoditi timah, lada, dan kaya akan hasil laut dan hutannya. Mata pencaharian penduduk tersebar di berbagai kegiatan pertambangan, perkebunan, pertanian, perikanan, kelautan, perdagangan barang dan jasa, serta pegawai negeri, BUMN, dan swasta. PDRB atas dasar harga konstan menunjukkan nilai tambah barang dan jasa yang dihitung
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