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The Un/Selfish Leader Changing Notions in a Tamil Nadu Village
The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Björn Alm The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Doctoral dissertation Department of Social Anthropology Stockholm University S 106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Björn Alm, 2006 Department for Religion and Culture Linköping University S 581 83 Linköping Sweden This book, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the author. ISBN 91-7155-239-1 Printed by Edita Sverige AB, Stockholm, 2006 Contents Preface iv Note on transliteration and names v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Structure of the study 4 Not a village study 9 South Indian studies 9 Strength and weakness 11 Doing fieldwork in Tamil Nadu 13 Chapter 2 The village of Ekkaraiyur 19 The Dindigul valley 19 Ekkaraiyur and its neighbours 21 A multi-linguistic scene 25 A religious landscape 28 Aspects of caste 33 Caste territories and panchayats 35 A village caste system? 36 To be a villager 43 Chapter 3 Remodelled local relationships 48 Tanisamy’s model of local change 49 Mirasdars and the great houses 50 The tenants’ revolt 54 Why Brahmans and Kallars? 60 New forms of tenancy 67 New forms of agricultural labour 72 Land and leadership 84 Chapter 4 New modes of leadership 91 The parliamentary system 93 The panchayat system 94 Party affiliation of local leaders 95 i CONTENTS Party politics in Ekkaraiyur 96 The paradox of party politics 101 Conceptualising the state 105 The development state 108 The development block 110 Panchayats and the development block 111 Janus-faced leaders? 119 -
Sacredkuralortam00tiruuoft Bw.Pdf
THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES Planned by J. N. FARQUHAR, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.), D.D. (Aberdeen). Right Reverend V. S. AZARIAH, LL.D. (Cantab.), Bishop of Dornakal. E. C. BEWICK, M.A. (Cantab.) J. N. C. GANGULY. M.A. (Birmingham), {TheDarsan-Sastri. Already published The Heart of Buddhism. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A., D.Litt. (Cantab.) A History of Kanarese Literature, 2nd ed. E. P. RICE, B.A. The Samkhya System, 2nd ed. A. BERRDZDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. (Oxon.) As"oka, 3rd ed. JAMES M. MACPHAIL, M.A., M.D. Indian Painting, 2nd ed. Principal PERCY BROWN, Calcutta. Psalms of Maratha Saints. NICOL MACNICOL, M.A. D.Litt. A History of Hindi Literature. F. E. KEAY, M.A. D.Litt. The Karma-Mlmamsa. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. (Oxon.) Hymns of the Tamil aivite Saints. F. KINGSBURY, B.A., and G. E. PHILLIPS, M.A. Hymns from the Rigveda. A. A. MACDONELL, M.A., Ph.D., Hon. LL.D. Gautama Buddha. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A., D.Litt. (Cantab.) The Coins of India. C. J. BROWN, M.A. Poems by Indian Women. MRS. MACNICOL. Bengali Religious Lyrics, Sakta. EDWARD THOMPSON, M.A., and A. M. SPENCER, B.A. Classical Sanskrit Literature, 2nd ed. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. (Oxon.). The Music of India. H. A. POPLEY, B.A. Telugu Literature. P. CHENCHIAH, M.L., and RAJA M. BHUJANGA RAO BAHADUR. Rabindranath Tagore, 2nd ed. EDWARD THOMPSON, M.A. Hymns of the Alvars. J. S. M. HOOPER, M.A. (Oxon.), Madras. -
13 Maritime History of the Pearl Fishery Coast With
MARITIME HISTORY OF THE PEARL FISHERY COAST WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOOTHUKUDI THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY By Sr. S. DECKLA (Reg. No. 1090) DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY TIRUNELVELI OCTOBER 2004 13 INDEX INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY 14 INTRODUCTION Different concepts have been employed by historians in different times to have a comprehensive view of the past. We are familiar with political history, social history, economic history and administrative history. Maritime history is yet another concept, which has been gaining momentum and currency these days. It (maritime history) has become a tool in the hands of several Indian historians who are interested in Indo- Portuguese history. The study of maritime history enables these researchers to come closer to the crucial dynamics of historical process. Maritime history embraces many aspects of history, such as international politics, navigation, oceanic currents, maritime transportation, coastal society, development of ports and port-towns, sea-borne trade and commerce, port-hinterland relations and so on1. As far as India and the Indian Ocean regions are concerned, maritime studies have a great relevance in the exchange of culture, establishment of political power, the dynamics of society, trade and commerce and religion of these areas. The Indian Ocean served not only as a conduit for conducting trade and commerce, but also served and still serves, as an important means of communication. The Indians have carried commodities to several Asian and African countries even before the arrival of the Europeans from India. -
English 710-882
AN ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON KANIYAN KOOTHU Aaron J. Paige This paper will analyze some of the strategies by which Kaniyans, a minority com- munity from the Southern districts of Tamil Nadu, use music as a vehicle to negoti- ate, reconcile, and understand social, cultural, and economic change. Kaniyan Koothu performances are generally commissioned for kodai festivals, during which Kaniyans sing lengthy ballads. These stories vary locally from village to village and recount the adventures, exploits, and virtues of gods and goddesses specific to the area and community in which they are worshipped. While these narratives are en- tertaining in their own right, they also serve as springboards for subjective compari- son and interpretation. Kaniyans thus, transform mythological legends into modern social commentary. In a world perceived to be growing increasingly complicated by globalization and modernization, these folk musicians openly voice in performance both their concern for the loss of traditional values and their trepidation that Tamil culture, tamizh panpaadu – particularly village culture, gramiya panpaadu – are gradually being displaced by foreign principles, products, and technologies. In con- tradistinction to this conservative rhetoric, the Kaniyans, in recent years, have made major reformations to their own musical practice. Using specific textual examples, the first part of this paper will look at the ways in which musicians’ semi-improvised narratives foster solidarity under the rubric of a shared Tamil language and cultural identity. The second part of this paper, by way of musical examples, will attempt to illuminate how these same musicians are engaged in redefining and reformulating their musical tradition through the appropriation and integration of rhythmic models characteristic of Carnatic drumming. -
Agastya in the Tamil Land
BL. 2003 S4 UC-MRLF $B H65 ea^ in CM C\J in >- AGASTYA IN THE TAMIL LAND BY K. N. SIVARAJA PILLAI. B.A. Reader in Tamil, University of Madras. UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS. Price Rupee One.] [Foreign 1 s. 6 d. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/agastyaintamillaOOsivari.ch AGASTYA IN THE TAMIL LAND BY K. N. SIVARAJA PILLAI. B.A. Reader in Tamil, University of Madras. UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS. Price Rupee One.] [Foreign 1 s. 6 d. mr "^v PRINTED AT THE MADRAS LAW JOURNAL PRESS MYLAPORE —. CONTENTS. Section. PAGE, i. Introduction. Universality of the Agastya tradition in the Tamil country—its rise from Rgvedic Times—Agastya not included among the Prafdpatis—Agastya and the Star Canopus. 1 ii. Agastya^s birth. Incredible myths about his birth—his divine parent- "2 age. • • iii. Earlier Myths. The earlier group, Aryan and the later group, Dravidian—Parallelism between these groups Aryan source of the Dravidian myths—Attempt to Dravidianise the Agastya myth—Fanciful derivation of the name Agastya from Akathi Agastya not a Dravidian Saint. 2-4 iv. Reflections. Contact with nature-myths—Agastya's cursing proclivity—Persons who have suffered from his curses—his tutelage under Siva, Muruga, and the Sun-God. ..4-5 V. His Exodus to the South. Three strata of traditions : (l) his residence near Nasik—marries Lopamudra and meets Rama while here, (2) his residence at Malakuta, East of Badami—Destruction of Vatapi and Ilvala takes place here, (3) his residence at Pothiyil in the Pan^ya country—his founding the first aQHonQ —— jv CONTENTS Section. -
Significance of the Appellation Korkai and Its Language: the Deformation and Segregation of Parathavar Community from the British Reign to Modern Era
====================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 19:4 April 2019 India’s Higher Education Authority UGC Approved List of Journals Serial Number 49042 ===================================================================== Significance of the Appellation Korkai and Its Language: The Deformation And Segregation of Parathavar Community from the British Reign to Modern Era V. Suganya Dr. B. Padmanabhan M.Phil. Research Scholar Assistant Professor Dept. of English and Foreign Languages Dept. of English and Foreign Languages Bharathiar University Bharathiar University Coimbatore Coimbatore Abstract Korkai is a novel exclusively written on the fishermen community of Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu. The author R.N. Joe D’Cruz has tried to exhibit the annihilation of Parathavar community people’s fame and sea business. During the Kings’ era, people of every community had their own exclusive businesses, values and principles. Likewise, Parathavar community people have been playing a prominent role in Tuticorin district to enhance sea businesses since the Pandiyan reign. Now, their life has become a history to others and mystery to them. The novel Korkai is written to find the reason behind their trauma and lifelong segregation from the others and it also opens out the life history of the Parathavar community. Thus, the paper delves to explore the narrative techniques, analyse the major characters, themes, the language, Nellai Tamil, of the novel Korkai, fishermen’s depravity, jealousy and greed among them and also the modern equipments used in sailing which have lead to the eradication of their fame, business, values and principles in modern era. Keywords: R.N. Joe D’Cruz, Korkai, Fishermen, Parathavar community, Pandiyan Kingdom, Nellai Tamil and depravity. -
International Journal of SCIENCE and HUMANITIES
International Journal of SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES Volume 2, Number 1 : January - June 2016 EDITORS-IN-CHIEF K.PremNazeer U.Rizwan A.NoorMohamed ISLAMIAH COLLEGE PUBLICATIONS ISLAMIAH COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), VANIYAMBADI INTERNATIONAL2 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dr. K. PREM NAZEER Dr. U. RIZWAN Dr. A. NOOR MOHAMED Principal Department of Mathematics Department of Commerce Islamiah College Islamiah College Islamiah College (Autonomous) (Autonomous) (Autonomous) Vaniyambadi635752 Vaniyambadi635752 Vaniyambadi635752 EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. G. Shakeel Mohammed Dr. M. A. Jayaraj IslamiahCollege,Vaniyambadi JointDirectorofCollegiate Education, Vellore Dr. Mansur Ahmed Dr. Major. I.B. Syed Shahabuddeen Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi Islamiah Women’s College, Vaniyambadi Dr. A. Liyakath Ali Dr. R. Saravanan Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi VIT University, Vellore Dr. H. S. Muthu Mohamed Dr. P. Nisar Ahmed Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi University of Madras, Chennai Dr. T. Mohamed Ilyas Dr. R. T. Rajendira Kumar Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi Bharathiar University, Coimbatore Dr. C. A. Basheer Ahamed Khan Dr. A. S. Mohamed Rafee Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi Mazharul Uloom College, Ambur Dr. M. Abdul Kadar Dr. T. K. Thiruvengada Mani Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi University of Madras, Chennai Dr. P. Sivaraji Dr. A. Subramanian Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi University of Madras, Chennai Dr. Shaik Abdul Wahab Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES Within India : Rs. 1000 Outside India : 100 US $ All remittances must be paid in the name of The Principal, Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi. For further details regarding payment of subscription, please contact [email protected] Disclaimer : All views expressed in the articles are that of the authors. The Publishers are not responsible for the contents of the individual authors. -
Contribution of Eminent Native Tamil Scholars to Tamil Literary History
================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 19:7 July 2019 ================================================================ Contribution of Eminent Native Tamil Scholars to Tamil Literary History Dr. S. Chelliah, M.A., Ph.D., D.Litt. Professor, Head & Chairperson School of English & Foreign Languages Department of English & Comparative Literature MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY MADURAI – 625 021 Tamil Nadu, India Cell :9442621106 / 7339129324 [email protected] ======================================================================= Abstract This paper attempts to bring to light the contribution of history of Tamil Literature through various methods and examples. Also, this paper presents the importance of Tamil and the difficulties faced by the Tamil literary historians. Moreover, this paper presents various religious principles and philosophical principles. This paper tries to prove that the classical language, Tamil admired not only by Tamilians but also western people. As the western literary theories have been influencing in Tamil literature. It reached the (goal) world. It proves that through western people, Tamilians have to know the importance of Tamil Literary history. Key Words: Tamil Literature, Ethics, Tamil culture, Western literary theories. It is out and out acceptable and true that formerly writing literary history was nothing but a narration of stories; but slowly the trend has got changed to effect a commendable and good survey of Tamil literary history in the light of Western theories and ideas, related to literary historiography, thereby explaining what is literary history and its development in the 20th century with a focus on the growth of the art of writing the history of Tamil literature and the availability of sources and the difficulties to be faced in making a survey of the few notable books on Tamil literary history. -
The EJVS Mbh 1 Complete Normal
1 Thennilapuram P. Mahadevan Department of English Howard University Washington D.C. 20059 [email protected] On the Southern Recension of the Mah ābh ārata , Brahman Migrations, and Br āhm ī Paleography (For Frits Staal ) Introduction It is well-known that the Mah ābh ārata has come down to us in two recensions, the Northern and the Southern. The editors of the Poona Critical Edition (1933-70) 1 of the epic determined, in the process of collating and isolating the archetype of the epic, that its Northern Recension (NR) constitutes in general what is called in textual scholarship the editio simplicior, the naive or the original text, and they created the Critical Edition (CE) from the irreducible archetype of the NR texts, the Śā rada codex of the Kashmir region in the northwest of South Asia. They found likewise that the Southern Recension (SR) was generically an editio ornatio , an ornate text, a version made consciously and systematically: all hundred Kaurava brothers get named, all but a few with the pejorative du prefix; the 18 parvans of NR rise to 24 in the SR, with many insertions and transpositions of crucial episodes within parvans (those of Śakuntal ā and Yay āti, for example, in the Ādiparvan ); further, the SR is overlaid with a Brahmanical ideology, already incipient in the NR. Of even greater interest was their discovery that the Malayalam version of the SR texts was itself an editio simplicior , albeit of the SR-ornatio text: it was the shortest of 2 the SR texts which included the Telugu-Grantha versions of the SR tradition. -
THE HISTORY of MALLAR-PALLAR - Indran, Shiva & Vishnu
THE HISTORY OF MALLAR-PALLAR - Indran, Shiva & Vishnu . IN TAMIL LITERATURES Translated from Tamil Ilakiyathil Pallar (Mallar) Devendra Kula Velalar- Adippadai Sanrugal By- Dr. Guruswami Siddhan AUTHOR Er. Dr. GURUSWAMI SIDDHAN B.E., M.Sc.(Engg.), Ph.D.(UConn.- USA) Copyright - Author Translated by Dr. C. Shivashanmugham M.A., M.A., Ph.D 2015 Published by Er. Dr. Guruswami Siddhan 1, Nalvar Nagar, Kalveerampalayam Bharathiar University [P.O] Coimbatore - 641 046 Veerammal Mallathiyaar - Guruswami Pannadi (Parents of the Author) Author Er. Dr. GURUSWAMI SIDDHAN B.E., M.Sc.(Engg.), Ph.D.(UConn.-USA) Contents 1. Introduction 5 2.5 Veeramaamuunivar's Teempaavani 26 1.1 History of Tamils 5 2.6. Mukkuutarpallu 27 1.2 Opinion of the 'Expert Committee 2.7 Vaiyaapurip Pallu 33 for History of Tamil Nadu' 5 2.8 Cenkoottuppallu and Tantikaik Kanakarayan Pallu 40 1.3 Is Malla a Community ? Are Mallas Known as Pallas ? 5 2.9 Peeruurppuraanam 41 1.4 Tamil poets having the name Mallanaar 7 2.10 Scholars who claim Pallars are Mallars 57 1.5 Dhivakara Nigandu 7 2.11 Kings of Mallar Community in other parts of India 61 1.6 Pinkala Nigandu 7 1.7. Kambar's Malla Community 8 3. The works referring to Pallar as Mallar even after the 1.8. Tirumurugarruppatai and Mallar 8 community name Mallar got changed as Pallar 63 1.9 Sangam Age classic Puranaanuur and Mallar 8 3.1 Aarruurppuraanam 63 1.10 Pallu poems and Mallar 8 3.2 Tiruvaaruur Tiyaagaraasa Liilai 65 1.11 Perur Puranam 9 3.3 Kuceeloopaakkiyaanam 73 1.12 Tempaavani and Mallar 9 3.4 Saint Paranjothi's Tiruvilaiyaatar Puranam 74 1.13 Saiva Siddhanta Publications and Mallar 9 3.5 Perum parrap Puliyuur Nambi's Tiruvaalavaayutaiyaar 94 1.14 Mahavidhwan MeenakshiSundharam Pillai and Mallas 9 3.6 Tiruvarurk Kovai 95 1.15 Tamil literary works and Mallars 10 3.7 Talapuranam of Chinnamanur or Arikesanallur 96 1.16 Malla Kings 11 3.8. -
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri Books
A History of SOUTH INDIA from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar K. A. NILAKANTA SASTRI, M.A. Professor of Indology, University of Mysore Geoffrey Cumberlege OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS First Published 1955 esr-4 S u \6 6Sg, DEDICATED BY HIS GRACIOUS PERMISSION TO HIS HIGHNESS SRI JAYACHAMARAJA WADIYAR BAHADUR MAHARAJA OF MYSORE PATRON CONTENTS I. SURVEY OF THE SOURCES . .1 II. THE LAND IN RELATION TO HISTORY . 34 III. THE EARLIEST PEOPLFS AND CULTURES . 49 IV. THE DAWN OF HISTORY: ARYANIZATION 64 V. THE AGE OF THE MAURYAN EMPIRE . "9 VI. THE SATAVAHANAS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS . 88 VII. THE AGE OF THE SANGAM AND AFTER .110 VIII. CONFLICT OF THREE EMPIRES . • 141 IX. THE BALANCE OF TWO EMPIRES . .165 X. THE AGE OF THE FOUR KINGDOMS . 202 XI. THE BAHMANIS AND THE RISE OF VIJAYANAGAR . 217 XII. THE EMPIRE OF VIJAYANAGAR . 253 XIII. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS . 301 XIV. LITERATURE . .327 XV. RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY . • 404 XVI. ART AND ARCHITECTURE . 423 APPENDIX ..... 475 ERRATA . 477 INDEX ..... 479 ILLUSTRATIONS Frescoes from Tanjore Frontispiece Plates I—XXVIII between pages 432-3 I. Karle: Chaitya main hall II. Amaravatl: The Miracle of the Infuriated Elephant III. Ajanta: Cave 19 IV. Aihole: Durga temple from the SW. V. Pattadakal: Papanatha temple Virupaksha temple VI. Elephanta: Trimurti VII. Ellora: Dumarlena VIII. Ellora: Kailasa temple IX. Mamallapuram: The Descent of the Ganges X. Mamallapuram: General view of the Rathas Shore temple XI. Kanchipuram: Kailasanatha temple Vaikunthaperumal temple XII. Narttamalai: Vijayalaya temple XIII. Kodumbajur: Muvarkoil XIV. Tanjore: Great temple (general view) XV. Dancing Siva (X Century) XVI. -
Dr. N. Janakiraman, Assistant Professor
BIO DATA 1. Name : Dr N.JANAKIRAMAN 2. Father : P.Nagamuthu 3. Date of Birth : 20/06/1978 4. Nationality : Indian 5. Religion : Hindu 6. Marital Status : Married 7. Address :Office: Residence: Assistant Professor of Tamil Research Dept. of Tamil 14C,Periyavadavadi, Vijayamanagaram Post, Vridhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore Dt. 606 104., Bharathidasan University Tamil Nadu ,India Constituent College, Perambalur-621 107. Tamil Nadu, India . Mobile No..: +91-98425-23869 E- mail: [email protected]. [email protected] 8. Qualifications a. Academic: D e g Month & Year of Subject University r Passing e e Tamil Bharathidasan University, Ph.D. Trichirappalli-24, TN. 2007 (Scientific Tamil) Tamil University of Madras, Chennai M. Phil. (Technical 2001 Terms in Tamil) M.A. Tamil University of Madras, Chennai 2000 Annamalai Univeristy, M.A. Linguistics Tamil Nadu. 2004 University of Madras, Chennai, B.A. Tamil Tamil Nadu. 1998 Bharathidasan University, Diploma in Sanskrit 2014 Sanskrit Tiruchirappalli-24. 2 Research Contribution (a) Publication books ( in Tamil) S.No Title Year Subject Level 1 Ariviyal Kalaichollakkam Sep2003 Scientific Research (Scientific Technical Terms) Tamil 2 Ariviyal Tamil Varalaru (History of Dec. 2004 History Research Scientific Tamil) 3 Padamakkaviyal (Textualogy) Dec.2005 Text writing Research 4. Siruvar Ariviyal paadalgal December Creative Children‟s 2006 work. poems 5. Samoogaviyal Nookil Seviyal June 2015. Classical Research Ilakkiyam Literature (b) Research papers : Title of the paper, Name of the journals and year of publication 1. Tholkappiyathil Ezhuthu Uruvam, Ilakkana Aayvu (Tamil), Tholkappiyar Manram, First Seminar Papers, Alagappa Universiity, Karaikkudi, Tamil Nadu 2001: 114. 2. Kurunthogaiyil Ariviyal Pada Seithigal (Tamil), Ancient Literature, Ilakkiya Valamum Vazhviyal Aramum, Bharathiyar University,Coimbatore 2002 :315.